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ld
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o
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elo
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te
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is
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to
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n
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2
,
t
h
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c
u
r
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en
t
-
v
o
lt
ag
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c
h
ar
ac
ter
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d
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L
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h
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h
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ex
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th
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er
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an
d
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f
f
c
h
ar
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a
cc
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m
u
lat
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m
o
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e
J
L
C
S
G
M
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il
l b
e
d
is
c
u
s
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ed
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o
n
clu
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m
ad
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2.
O
N/O
F
F
CH
ARAC
T
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RI
ST
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CS A
ND
T
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RE
SH
O
L
D
V
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A
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ACCU
M
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AT
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M
O
DE
J
L
CS
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M
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SFET
Fig
u
r
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1
s
h
o
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t
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d
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ch
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b
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ch
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o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
d
ep
letio
n
la
y
er
is
f
o
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,
th
e
t
r
an
s
is
to
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m
ai
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
o
f
f
s
tat
e.
W
h
en
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ad
u
all
y
in
cr
ea
s
es a
n
d
r
ea
ch
es
t
h
e
f
lat
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
e
d
ep
letio
n
la
y
er
b
ec
o
m
e
s
t
h
e
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
s
t
ate
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d
t
h
r
an
s
is
to
r
b
ec
o
m
e
s
th
e
o
n
s
tate
t
h
at
f
lo
w
s
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
n
c
h
an
n
el.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
t
h
at
t
h
e
f
la
t
b
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
(
)
is
ab
o
u
t
0
.
9
3
5
V
as
a
w
o
r
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
g
a
te
m
eta
l
an
d
th
e
ch
a
n
n
e
l.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
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g
e
w
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ll
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
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ate
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e
w
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e
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er
a
ll
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aller
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a
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th
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f
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v
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in
ce
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r
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b
eg
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n
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el
p
ar
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eg
in
s
to
g
e
n
er
ate
t
h
e
n
e
u
tr
al
r
e
g
io
n
[
8
]
.
T
h
at
is
,
at
th
e
f
lat
b
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e,
all
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
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s
ar
e
s
w
i
tch
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e
u
tr
al
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eg
i
o
n
,
an
d
th
e
o
n
-
s
tat
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cu
r
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en
t
w
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f
lo
w
.
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t
th
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te
v
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ig
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o
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r
.
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h
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r
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n
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-
m
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d
e
MO
S
FET
.
Hu
et
al.
[
9
]
co
m
p
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th
e
m
e
th
o
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o
f
d
ef
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i
n
g
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h
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esh
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lta
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ate
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h
en
t
h
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m
i
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i
m
u
m
p
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ten
tia
l
in
t
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ch
a
n
n
el
i
s
[
9
]
an
d
th
e
m
et
h
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d
o
f
d
ef
in
i
n
g
th
e
th
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ld
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ate
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o
f
is
1
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o
f
th
e
its
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
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lu
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
ass
u
m
e
s
th
at
t
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tr
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ze
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o
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m
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tial is
,
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th
e
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
a
o
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esti
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ated
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r
e,
in
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s
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ap
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w
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d
e
f
in
e
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t
h
r
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as
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ate
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w
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th
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h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
len
g
th
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
e
r
g
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
id
e
is
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
d
r
ain
v
o
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g
e
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
r
ain
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
ar
r
ier
lo
w
er
i
n
g
(
DI
B
L
)
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
ev
en
if
th
e
g
at
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
m
all,
p
o
ten
t
ial
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
-
s
id
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
i
s
b
ec
au
s
e,
as
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
le
n
g
t
h
b
ec
o
m
e
s
s
m
aller
,
elec
tr
o
n
s
ca
n
f
lo
w
i
n
to
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ev
e
n
at
a
lo
w
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e,
s
o
t
h
at
e
v
e
n
if
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
f
ie
ld
is
s
m
all,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
ca
n
b
e
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
an
d
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
w
ill
d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
if
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
len
g
t
h
is
as
s
m
all
as
ab
o
u
t
1
0
n
m
,
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
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r
o
ll
-
o
f
f
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
DI
B
L
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
4
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
if
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
le
n
g
th
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
to
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
2
0
n
m
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
s
in
c
e
th
er
e
is
a
p
o
ten
tial
en
er
g
y
b
ar
r
ier
at
a
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
0
.
6
V
,
a
la
r
g
er
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
w
i
ll
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
tu
r
n
-
o
n
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
s
to
r
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
,
as
th
e
ch
an
n
el
len
g
t
h
in
cr
e
ases
b
e
y
o
n
d
4
0
n
m
,
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
e
n
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
is
al
m
o
s
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
t
h
r
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h
o
ld
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al
m
o
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t
th
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a
m
e
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n
t
h
is
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io
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s
ca
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ee
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th
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ab
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it c
a
n
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v
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ep
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o
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o
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ter
elec
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ield
o
f
z
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ax
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ir
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tio
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,
th
at
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,
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e
h
o
r
izo
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ta
l e
lectr
ic
f
ield
∥
.
Fig
u
r
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6
.
P
o
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ip
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ic
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ield
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d
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h
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J
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7
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678
ch
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s
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s
m
o
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e
in
to
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h
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ch
a
n
n
el
at
a
lo
w
e
r
|
∥
|
,
tu
r
n
i
n
g
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
o
n
.
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ar
ticu
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,
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c
an
b
e
s
ee
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r
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m
Fi
g
u
r
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7
th
at
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
an
g
e
f
o
r
|
∥
|
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
g
r
ea
tl
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
le
n
g
t
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i
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m
1
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to
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m
,
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u
t
d
ec
r
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ch
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f
2
0
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m
ab
o
v
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
,
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
o
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a
n
d
|
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|
in
cr
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s
e
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ch
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n
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el
len
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t
h
in
cr
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s
es.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
g
ate
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x
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ic
k
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|
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th
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|
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t
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Fig
u
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7
.
C
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f
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d
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
ch
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n
g
e
o
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t
h
r
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h
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d
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y
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e
ce
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ter
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tr
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ield
wh
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s
w
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s
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tial d
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u
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n
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d
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r
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t
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c
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m
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l
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n
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m
o
d
e
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L
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SF
E
T
.
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e
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
t
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h
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ld
v
o
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as
t
h
e
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at
e
v
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w
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en
t
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e,
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t
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e
s
.
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s
e
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th
at
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n
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e
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u
f
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e
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th
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n
ter
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e
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th
e
DI
B
L
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f
ec
t.
Als
o
,
it
ca
n
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e
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ee
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o
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ick
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ce
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ter
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f
ield
in
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s
es
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d
th
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p
o
ten
tial
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y
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cr
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es
an
d
th
e
th
r
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o
ld
v
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lta
g
e
also
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n
cr
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s
es.
A
s
a
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e
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n
o
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er
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t
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at
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h
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ce
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ter
f
ield
v
ar
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d
ep
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e
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ic
k
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e
s
s
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f
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tate
o
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n
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m
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h
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ter
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m
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RE
F
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[1
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