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[
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ti
m
e
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
So
m
e
ad
ap
ti
v
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
1
1
-
1
5
]
ar
e
p
r
esen
t
in
liter
at
u
r
e
b
u
t
th
e
y
ar
e
also
h
a
v
i
n
g
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
al
w
o
r
k
o
r
m
a
y
b
e
li
m
ited
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
m
a
g
es.
Hi
g
h
er
o
r
d
er
d
er
iv
ativ
e
a
n
d
o
th
er
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
b
as
ed
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
6
-
2
2
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
f
u
r
t
h
er
a
n
d
an
e
f
f
o
r
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
i
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
th
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
f
o
r
u
p
s
ca
li
n
g
o
r
s
u
p
er
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
i
m
a
g
es.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
er
e
is
al
w
a
y
s
a
tr
ad
eo
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
i
m
ag
e
q
u
alit
y
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
a
co
n
te
n
t
ad
ap
tiv
e
SR
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
u
p
o
n
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
w
o
r
k
s
d
if
f
er
en
tl
y
f
o
r
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal,
v
e
r
tical
an
d
d
iag
o
n
al
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
,
in
s
ec
t
i
o
n
2
,
i
n
t
e
r
p
o
l
at
i
o
n
b
a
s
e
d
u
p
-
s
c
a
li
n
g
h
as
b
e
e
n
ex
p
l
a
in
e
d
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
p
r
e
s
en
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
th
o
d
,
s
e
c
ti
o
n
4
d
e
al
s
w
ith
r
es
u
l
ts
an
a
ly
s
i
s
a
n
d
i
n
th
e
l
as
t
s
ec
t
i
o
n
5
,
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
lu
s
i
o
n
h
as
b
e
en
d
r
aw
n
.
2.
I
NT
E
RP
O
L
A
T
I
O
N
B
ASE
D
I
M
AG
E
UP
-
SCA
L
I
N
G
I
m
ag
e
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
cr
ea
tin
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
r
eso
lu
tio
n
i
m
ag
e
f
r
o
m
its
lo
w
er
r
eso
lu
tio
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
i
m
a
g
e.
I
m
ag
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
is
b
asicall
y
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
ar
tif
iciall
y
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els
in
an
ar
ea
in
s
id
e
an
i
m
a
g
e.
I
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
li
k
e
f
ac
ial
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
,
i
m
a
g
e
Su
p
er
-
R
eso
l
u
tio
n
,
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
le
i
m
a
g
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
etc.
I
m
ag
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
i
s
also
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
e
th
o
d
s
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
S
u
p
er
R
eso
l
u
tio
n
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
b
ilin
ea
r
an
d
b
icu
b
ic
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
s
wh
ich
ar
e
h
a
v
i
n
g
g
o
o
d
r
ea
l
tim
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
s
i
m
p
l
icit
y
.
T
h
ese
r
eq
u
ir
e
v
er
y
li
m
ited
ar
it
h
m
e
tic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
.
Vid
e
o
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
o
r
in
ter
f
r
a
m
e
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
ca
n
also
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
th
ese
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
Ot
h
er
,
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ased
o
n
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ials
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
also
p
r
esen
t
i
n
liter
atu
r
e
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
astes
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
Su
p
er
R
eso
l
u
tio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
ar
tif
ac
ts
l
ik
e
b
l
u
r
r
in
es
s
,
aliasi
n
g
ef
f
ec
t
s
,
n
o
n
r
ea
lis
tic
ed
g
e
s
etc.
,
s
o
th
er
e
is
s
till
s
co
p
e
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
s
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
n
te
r
p
o
latio
n
b
ased
SR
s
ch
e
m
e
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
ed
w
h
e
n
w
o
r
k
in
g
w
it
h
a
s
in
g
le
i
m
a
g
e
o
n
l
y
.
Nea
r
est
Nei
g
h
b
o
r
(
NN)
,
b
ilin
ea
r
an
d
b
icu
b
ic
ar
e
th
e
o
r
d
in
ar
il
y
u
s
ed
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
al
s
o
o
th
er
v
a
r
io
u
s
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
a
s
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
t
io
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
th
r
ee
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
ca
teg
o
r
ies
i.e
.
n
ea
r
e
s
t
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
,
b
ilin
ea
r
an
d
b
i
-
c
u
b
ic
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
t
h
e
b
ase
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
.
A
l
l
th
e
s
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
th
eir
o
w
n
b
asi
c
d
ef
in
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Nea
r
est
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
i
s
a
r
e
p
licatin
g
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
.
I
t
is
a
v
er
y
b
asic
m
et
h
o
d
a
n
d
h
as
its
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
h
a
v
i
n
g
v
er
y
less
co
m
p
u
ta
ti
o
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
less
er
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
its
ti
m
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
is
also
v
er
y
les
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
a
g
o
o
d
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
f
aster
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
u
p
s
ca
li
n
g
.
I
t
is
j
u
s
t
r
ep
ea
tin
g
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
n
ei
g
h
bo
u
rs
,
s
o
it
is
n
o
t
ch
a
n
g
in
g
a
n
y
o
r
ig
in
a
l
d
ata.
B
ilin
ea
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
is
an
o
t
h
er
tech
n
i
q
u
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
w
h
i
ch
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
p
ix
els.
I
t
ca
lc
u
late
s
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
in
t
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
n
d
v
er
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
t
is
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
all
y
h
ea
v
ier
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
f
av
o
u
r
ab
le.
B
icu
b
i
c
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
a
w
ei
g
h
ted
av
er
ag
e
o
f
1
6
clo
s
est
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
s
.
I
t
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
t
h
an
o
t
h
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
in
ce
r
tain
ca
s
es,
it
g
iv
e
s
b
etter
r
esu
lts
th
an
o
t
h
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
I
t c
o
n
s
u
m
es
m
o
r
e
ti
m
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NT
E
N
T
A
DAP
T
I
V
E
I
NT
E
RP
O
L
A
T
I
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
i
m
ag
e
o
f
s
ize
‘
m
’
x
‘
n
’
h
as
b
e
en
co
n
v
er
ted
to
‘
2
m
’
x
‘
2
n
’
p
ix
el
i
m
a
g
e.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
p
s
ca
le
th
e
i
m
a
g
e
p
ix
els
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
a
i
m
ag
e
p
ix
el
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
ize
‘
2
m
’
x
‘
2
n
’
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
,
t
h
e
s
h
ad
ed
b
lo
ck
s
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
ix
el
s
o
f
a
n
i
m
ag
e
a
n
d
u
n
s
h
ad
ed
b
lo
ck
s
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
v
ac
a
n
t
p
i
x
els
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
to
b
e
in
ter
p
o
lated
.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
illi
n
g
v
ac
an
t
p
ix
el
s
,
th
e
ac
t
u
al
p
ix
e
l
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
i
m
ag
e
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
g
iv
e
n
i
m
ag
e
p
i
x
el
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
s
o
r
ts
;
o
n
e
is
f
o
r
f
illi
n
g
o
f
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
v
ac
a
n
t
p
ix
el
s
,
s
ec
o
n
d
is
f
o
r
f
illi
n
g
o
f
v
er
tical
v
ac
an
t
p
ix
el
s
a
n
d
th
ir
d
i
s
f
o
r
f
illi
n
g
o
f
d
iag
o
n
all
y
m
id
d
le
p
ix
els as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
w
it
h
l
etter
s
‘
H’
,
‘
V
’
a
n
d
‘
D
’
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e,
p
ix
el
s
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
as
p
er
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
ex
p
lain
ed
f
u
r
t
h
er
w
ith
t
h
eir
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
o
r
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
o
r
all
p
ix
els,
at
leas
t
4
o
r
ig
in
al
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
ix
el
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
th
en
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
v
ac
a
n
t p
ix
el
is
ca
lcu
lated
.
I
n
th
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
q
u
an
ti
tativ
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
p
ix
el
i
n
ten
s
itie
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
ased
u
p
o
n
th
at
p
r
o
p
er
v
alu
e
o
f
v
ac
a
n
t
p
ix
el
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
e
x
is
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
es;
th
er
e
co
u
ld
b
e
a
co
m
p
lex
r
eg
io
n
h
a
v
i
n
g
ed
g
es
o
r
o
th
er
u
n
if
o
r
m
s
m
o
o
th
r
eg
io
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
v
ac
an
t
p
ix
el
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
s
w
il
l
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
v
ac
an
t p
ix
e
l c
alcu
latio
n
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
t
h
e
th
r
ee
s
o
r
ts
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
f
u
r
th
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
3
0
1
4
-
3021
3016
3
.
1
.
H
o
rizo
nta
l pix
els
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
ill
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
ix
els
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
letter
‘
H’
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
w
r
ap
p
in
g
d
is
ta
n
c
e
b
ased
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
C
lear
l
y
,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
n
ea
r
est
p
i
x
el
v
al
u
es
th
is
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
tar
g
e
t
p
ix
el
’
s
v
alu
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ec
id
ed
.
Fo
u
r
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
o
r
ig
i
n
al
p
i
x
els
(
H1
-
H4
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
)
w
it
h
o
r
ig
i
n
al
v
al
u
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
v
al
u
e
(
H)
o
f
th
e
v
ac
a
n
t
p
i
x
el
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
(
1
-
6
)
.
W
ith
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
tar
g
et
p
ix
el
‘
H’
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
o
ch
ec
k
w
h
et
h
er
it
is
o
n
a
co
m
p
lex
ar
ea
o
r
o
n
a
p
lan
e
ar
ea
,
p
ar
am
eter
A
i
s
ca
lcu
la
ted
f
r
o
m
A
1
an
d
A2
as p
er
(1
-
3
).
1
=
|
3
−
1
|
(1
)
2
=
|
4
−
2
|
(2
)
=
1
−
2
(3
)
P
ar
am
eter
A
ca
lc
u
lated
f
r
o
m
(
3
)
is
h
elp
f
u
l i
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
o
f
w
ei
g
h
t v
ec
to
r
s
,
W
1
an
d
W
2
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
w
e
ig
h
t
v
e
cto
r
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
p
d
ated
as p
er
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
.
1
=
(
1
−
∗
)
2
(4
)
W
h
er
e
Q
is
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
v
e
cto
r
w
h
ic
h
w
o
u
ld
d
ec
id
e
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
tag
e
f
ac
to
r
o
f
W
1
an
d
W
2
,
it
ca
n
b
e
v
ar
ied
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
m
a
g
e.
2
=
1
−
1
(5
)
Af
ter
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
W
1
an
d
W
2
,
th
e
tar
g
et
p
ix
el
H
w
ill b
e
u
p
d
ated
as p
er
(
6
)
.
=
1
∗
2
+
2
∗
3
(6
)
B
asicall
y
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
‘
H2
’
an
d
‘
H3
’
o
n
‘
H
’
w
ill
d
ep
en
d
o
n
v
al
u
es
o
f
w
ei
g
h
t
v
ec
to
r
s
i.e
.
W
1
an
d
W
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
il
l
b
e
r
ep
ea
te
d
f
o
r
all
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
ix
els,
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
all
p
ix
els
o
f
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
le
f
t to
r
i
g
h
t r
o
w
-
w
i
s
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
ix
el
m
o
d
el
o
f
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ho
r
izo
n
tal
p
ix
el
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ver
tical
p
ix
els
3
.
2
.
Ver
t
ic
a
l pix
els
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
v
ac
an
t
v
er
tical
p
ix
el
s
ag
ai
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
m
eth
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
ix
el
is
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
l
etter
‘
V’
f
o
r
th
e
v
er
tical
lin
e
s
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
4
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
ix
el
s
(
V1
-
V4
)
,
ca
lcu
latio
n
lead
s
to
w
ar
d
th
e
n
e
w
r
eq
u
ir
ed
p
ix
el
v
alu
e.
As
ex
p
lai
n
ed
in
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
i
x
els,
in
a
s
i
m
ilar
w
a
y
v
er
tical
p
i
x
els
‘
V1
’
,
‘
V2
’
,
‘
V3
’
an
d
‘
V4
’
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
ar
e
s
elec
ted
an
d
P
ar
am
eter
A
i
s
u
p
d
ated
as p
er
(
7
-
9
).
1
=
|
3
−
1
|
(7
)
2
=
|
4
−
2
|
(8
)
=
1
−
2
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
ten
t a
d
a
p
tive
s
in
g
le
ima
g
e
in
terp
o
la
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
S
u
p
er R
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f c
o
mp
r
ess
ed
ima
g
e
s
(
A
ma
n
jo
t S
in
g
h
)
3017
Her
e
,
w
it
h
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
p
ar
a
m
eter
A
ac
q
u
ir
ed
f
r
o
m
(
9
)
,
th
e
v
alu
es o
f
W
1
an
d
W
2
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
1
=
(
1
−
∗
)
2
(
1
0
)
2
=
1
−
1
(
1
1
)
‘
V
’
is
u
p
d
ated
as p
er
(
1
2
)
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
s
o
f
w
eig
h
t v
ec
to
r
s
W
1
an
d
W
2
.
=
1
∗
2
+
2
∗
3
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
ill b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
f
o
r
all
v
er
tical
p
ix
els,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
all
p
ix
els o
f
t
h
e
v
er
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
3.
3
.
Dia
g
o
na
l pix
els
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
an
d
v
er
tical
v
ac
an
t
p
ix
els,
th
e
f
i
llin
g
o
f
v
ac
an
t
d
iag
o
n
al
p
ix
e
ls
is
als
o
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
I
t
is
in
d
icate
d
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
b
y
letter
‘
D
’
.
Ag
ain
,
Me
th
o
d
b
ased
o
n
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
ix
el
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
ir
s
t
l
y
,
th
e
tar
g
et
p
i
x
el
‘
D
’
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
ix
el
s
(
D1
-
D7
)
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Firstl
y
,
w
it
h
r
e
f
er
en
ce
to
t
ar
g
et
p
ix
e
l
‘
D
’
,
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
ch
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
d
iag
o
n
als
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
i.e
.
f
o
r
4
5
an
d
1
3
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
as
p
er
(
1
3
-
14
)
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
m
a
y
b
e
m
o
r
e
in
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
s
S
4
5
an
d
S1
3
5
is
ca
lcu
lated
w
it
h
(
15
).
45
=
|
(
2
+
6
)
−
(
4
+
8
)
|
(
1
3
)
135
=
|
(
1
+
5
)
−
(
3
+
7
)
|
(
1
4
)
=
45
−
135
(
1
5
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Diag
o
n
al
p
i
x
els
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
S
ca
n
b
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
ativ
e.
I
f
S
is
p
o
s
iti
v
e
t
h
en
ch
a
n
g
e
is
m
o
r
e
i
n
d
iag
o
n
a
l
d
ir
ec
tio
n
alo
n
g
4
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
an
d
th
e
p
i
x
el
is
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
alo
n
g
1
3
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
I
f
S
is
n
eg
at
iv
e
t
h
en
ch
an
g
e
is
m
o
r
e
i
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
1
3
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
a
n
d
th
e
p
ix
e
l
is
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
al
o
n
g
4
5
d
eg
r
ee
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
,
th
er
e
is
o
n
e
p
r
e
-
ca
lcu
lated
v
al
u
e
o
f
S
ca
lled
as
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
it
is
d
e
f
i
n
ed
to
d
etec
t
a
lev
el
o
f
ch
an
g
es
i
n
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
p
ix
els.
I
ts
v
al
u
e
w
ill
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
I
f
ch
a
n
g
e
is
m
o
r
e
in
o
n
e
d
ia
g
o
n
al
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
a
n
d
alo
n
g
w
it
h
th
at
th
is
c
h
a
n
g
e
is
lo
w
er
th
a
n
a
ce
r
tai
n
d
e
f
in
ed
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e,
t
h
er
e
i
s
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
t
h
at
th
e
tar
g
et
v
a
ca
n
t
p
ix
el
i
s
p
r
esen
t
i
n
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
s
m
all
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
h
o
o
d
.
Ba
s
ed
o
n
all
t
h
ese
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
r
es
u
lta
n
t
v
alu
e
o
f
S
f
r
o
m
(
1
5
)
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
to
3
ca
s
es.
Fo
r
ea
ch
ca
s
e,
th
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
‘
D
’
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
.
So
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
‘
D’
w
o
u
l
d
b
e
u
p
d
ated
b
ased
o
n
eith
er
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ca
s
es.
All th
r
ee
ca
s
e
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
:
C
ase
1
: I
f
S <
-
(
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
lev
el)
T
h
en
D
is
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
alo
n
g
4
5
-
d
eg
r
e
e
d
iag
o
n
al
a
n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
p
ix
els
alo
n
g
th
e
4
5
d
eg
r
ee
'
s
d
iag
o
n
al
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
v
al
u
e
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
ei
g
h
ted
m
et
h
o
d
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
an
d
v
er
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
ix
el
c
alcu
latio
n
s
.
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
1
)
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
ca
lcu
lated
v
alu
e
o
f
D
b
ased
o
n
(
1
6
-
20
)
.
1
=
|
2
−
8
|
(
1
6
)
2
=
|
4
−
6
|
(
1
7
)
=
1
−
2
(
18
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
3
0
1
4
-
3021
3018
1
=
(
1
−
∗
)
2
(
1
9
)
2
=
1
−
1
(
2
0
)
=
1
∗
2
+
2
∗
4
(
2
1
)
C
ase
2
: I
f
S >
+
(
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
lev
el)
T
h
en
D
is
m
o
r
e
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
1
3
5
-
d
eg
r
ee
d
iag
o
n
al
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
p
ix
els
alo
n
g
t
h
e
1
3
5
d
eg
r
ee
's
d
iag
o
n
al
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
v
al
u
es
w
ith
th
e
w
ei
g
h
ted
m
et
h
o
d
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
n
d
v
er
tical
d
ir
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
(
2
2
-
27
).
1
=
|
3
−
5
|
(
2
2
)
2
=
|
7
−
1
|
(
2
3
)
=
1
−
2
(
2
4
)
1
=
(
1
−
∗
)
2
(
2
5
)
2
=
1
−
1
(
2
6
)
=
1
∗
1
+
2
∗
3
(
2
7
)
C
ase
3
: O
t
h
er
w
is
e
i.e
.
–
(
T
h
r
e
s
h
o
ld
lev
el)
≤
S ≤
(
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
lev
el)
I
f
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
S
f
r
o
m
(
1
5
)
is
l
y
in
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
n
eg
at
iv
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
to
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
,
th
en
it
i
s
tak
en
a
s
th
e
t
h
ir
d
ca
s
e.
I
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
S
i
n
p
ix
els
i
s
l
y
in
g
in
th
is
r
an
g
e,
th
e
n
it
co
n
ta
in
s
th
e
f
in
er
d
etails
f
o
r
w
h
ic
h
ag
a
in
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
a
w
in
d
o
w
o
f
4
x
4
p
ix
e
ls
(
D1
-
D1
6
)
i
s
s
e
lecte
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
5
a
n
d
i
n
t
h
is
a
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
w
i
n
d
o
w
m
ea
n
is
ca
lcu
lated
.
B
ased
u
p
o
n
t
h
at
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
an
d
th
u
s
it
is
d
etec
ted
th
at
w
h
eth
er
it
is
a
s
o
f
t
ed
g
e
o
r
a
f
in
e
ar
ea
.
T
h
e
d
ev
iatio
n
li
m
it
L
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
it
s
h
o
u
l
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
b
est r
esu
lts
at
t
h
at
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
P
ix
el
w
i
n
d
o
w
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
i
m
a
g
e
I
f
th
e
Sta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
(
4
X
4
)
>
(
Dev
iatio
n
li
m
it
L
)
,
th
e
n
it
is
a
s
o
f
t
ed
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
m
in
i
m
u
m
n
ea
r
est
p
ix
els
w
il
l
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
d
iag
o
n
al
p
ix
el
‘
D
’
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
u
p
d
ate
th
e
tar
g
et
p
i
x
el
‘
D’
,
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
ix
els as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
w
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as p
er
(
2
8
).
=
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
4
(
2
8
)
E
ls
e,
i
f
t
h
e
Sta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
i
n
d
o
w
(
4
X
4
)
≤
(
Dev
iatio
n
li
m
it
L
)
,
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
o
m
e
s
m
o
o
th
er
f
in
er
r
eg
io
n
an
d
w
ei
g
h
t
m
atr
i
x
is
u
s
ed
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
p
ix
el
s
.
T
h
e
w
ei
g
h
t
m
atr
i
x
is
g
i
v
e
n
by
(
29
)
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
ed
to
u
p
d
ate
p
ix
els.
=
[
0
.
0127
0
.
0436
0
.
0436
0
.
0127
0
.
0436
0
.
1500
0
.
1500
0
.
0436
0
.
0436
0
.
1500
0
.
1500
0
.
0436
0
.
0127
0
.
0436
0
.
0436
0
.
0127
]
(
2
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
n
ten
t a
d
a
p
tive
s
in
g
le
ima
g
e
in
terp
o
la
tio
n
b
a
s
ed
S
u
p
er R
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f c
o
mp
r
ess
ed
ima
g
e
s
(
A
ma
n
jo
t S
in
g
h
)
3019
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
tar
g
et
v
ac
a
n
t p
ix
el
‘
D
’
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as p
er
(
3
2
)
w
h
ic
h
in
v
o
l
v
es th
e
el
e
m
en
t
w
is
e
m
atr
i
x
m
u
lt
ip
licatio
n
o
f
p
ix
e
ls
(
D1
-
D1
6
)
w
it
h
w
ei
g
h
t
m
atr
i
x
(
W
rc
)
i.e
.
W
rc
.
D
rc
.
Her
e
,
D
rc
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
atr
i
x
o
f
o
r
ig
in
al
p
i
x
els (
D1
-
D1
6
)
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
=
[
11
⋯
1
⋮
⋱
⋮
1
⋯
]
(
3
0
)
=
[
11
⋯
1
⋮
⋱
⋮
1
⋯
]
(
3
1
)
T
h
e
v
alu
e
n
w
i
ll b
e
4
in
ca
s
e
o
f
s
o
f
t s
m
o
o
t
h
ar
ea
:
=
∑
.
=
1
=
1
(
3
2
)
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
h
av
in
g
3
ca
s
e
s
w
il
l
b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
f
o
r
th
e
al
l
Di
ag
o
n
al
‘
D
’
v
ac
an
t
p
ix
el
s
i
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
lete
i
m
a
g
e
an
d
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
all
u
n
k
n
o
w
n
tar
g
et
p
i
x
els
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
a
y
all
t
h
e
n
e
w
p
ix
el
s
at
‘
H’
,
‘
V
’
an
d
‘
D
’
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
in
th
r
ee
s
o
r
ts
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ix
els
o
r
s
u
p
er
-
r
eso
lv
i
n
g
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
im
a
g
e.
C
lear
l
y
,
a
b
o
v
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
r
e
p
ea
ted
d
e
p
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
Su
p
er
R
eso
lu
tio
n
i.e
.
d
ep
en
d
in
g
u
p
o
n
m
a
g
n
i
f
ica
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
,
an
an
al
y
s
is
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
u
r
t
h
er
.
I
n
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
is
p
ar
t
lo
s
s
y
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
h
as
b
e
en
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
h
ich
in
cl
u
d
es
th
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
s
.
T
est
i
m
ag
e
s
ar
e
tak
e
n
o
f
s
ize
2
5
6
x
2
5
6
p
ix
els
an
d
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
v
er
ted
to
5
1
2
x
5
1
2
p
ix
els
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
SR
.
A
ll
th
e
test
i
m
a
g
e
s
ar
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
i
m
ag
e
s
w
i
th
t
w
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
i.e
.
t
h
e
“
J
P
E
G”,
“
J
PEG2
0
0
0
”
an
d
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
o
r
q
u
alit
y
o
f
test
i
m
a
g
e
s
is
r
elate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
it r
ate
o
f
th
e
test
i
m
a
g
e.
I
t
h
as b
ee
n
s
ee
n
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
an
o
th
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
e
st i
m
a
g
e
‘
L
e
n
a
’
Ne
a
re
st
Bil
in
e
a
r
Bicu
b
ic
Re
f
.
[
12
]
Re
f
.
[1
3
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
M
e
t
h
o
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
I
n
ter
p
o
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
j
p
g
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
i
m
ag
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
p
er
r
ig
h
t p
ar
t
Fo
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
f
in
d
i
n
g
w
h
ich
p
ar
ticu
lar
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
g
i
v
e
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
r
es
u
lt,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
o
r
g
an
ized
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
lear
l
y
,
s
a
m
e
test
i
m
ag
e
d
atab
ase
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
b
e
test
ed
o
n
i
m
ag
e
in
ter
p
o
latio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
ell
k
n
o
w
n
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W
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it
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r
e
th
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u
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y
o
f
b
ase
i
m
a
g
e
al
s
o
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n
cr
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s
es.
As
b
o
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co
n
s
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s
ta
n
d
ar
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s
ar
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l
o
s
s
y
co
m
p
r
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s
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ar
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,
t
h
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e
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a
l
w
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s
s
o
m
e
lo
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s
o
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d
ata.
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f
co
m
p
r
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s
io
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w
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ld
b
e
h
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g
h
th
e
n
t
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e
w
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l
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e
an
ad
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o
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d
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o
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g
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r
d
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lo
ck
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g
m
et
h
o
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alo
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g
w
it
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ter
p
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.
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w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
h
as
p
er
f
o
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m
ed
b
etter
th
an
th
e
o
th
er
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
.
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h
e
p
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p
o
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ed
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et
h
o
d
is
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as
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o
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ter
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n
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t
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e
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ai
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ased
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et
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h
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p
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s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
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n
d
f
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ce
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en
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y
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ase
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5.
CO
NCLU
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n
th
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p
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e
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r
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h
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m
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s
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m
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t
p
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s
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tio
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h
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p
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d
r
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n
a
co
n
ten
t
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f
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ter
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I
n
th
e
p
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,
B
DC
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ased
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d
w
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ased
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J
P
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A
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3021
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ho
u
.
HS,
A
n
d
re
w
s
HC,
“
Cu
b
ic
sp
li
n
e
s
f
o
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m
a
g
e
in
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latio
n
a
n
d
d
ig
it
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l
f
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terin
g
,
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IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
Aco
u
st.
S
p
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e
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h
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2
6
,
p
p
.
5
0
8
–
5
1
7
,
1
9
7
8
.
[2
]
Un
se
r
M
,
A
ld
ro
u
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a
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d
Ed
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n
M
,
“
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a
st
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sp
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o
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s f
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ti
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g
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re
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n
d
in
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o
lati
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
P
a
tt
e
rn
An
a
l.
M
a
c
h
.
In
tell.
,
pp
.
77
–
8
5
,
1
9
9
1
.
[3
]
A
c
h
a
r
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a
T
.
,
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sa
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P
.
,
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Co
m
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s o
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Im
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g
e
In
terp
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n
A
lg
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h
m
s,”
ACM
Ub
iq
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it
y
,
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l.
8
,
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
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a
n
a
ti
a
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is
A
.
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n
d
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d
is
I.
,
“
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su
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1
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.
[5
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.
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in
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h
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J.
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.
[6
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.
,
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h
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rd
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T
.
,
“
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d
g
e
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d
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E
T
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p
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5
2
1
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0
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[7
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.
Y.,
L
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e
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.
,
“
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ra
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s
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g
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1
9
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p
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2
6
8
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6
9
2
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2
0
1
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.
[8
]
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X
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o
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g
,
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.
S
u
n
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a
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d
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.
W
u
,
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o
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im
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g
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/v
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su
p
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-
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ti
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n
,
”
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T
r
a
n
s.
Ima
g
e
Pr
o
c
e
ss
.,
v
o
l.
1
9
(
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p
p
.
2
0
1
7
–
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0
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8
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
9
]
L
.
Zh
a
n
g
a
n
d
X
.
W
u
,
“
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n
e
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g
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im
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lg
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m
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ti
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f
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a
n
d
d
a
ta
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sio
n
,
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sa
c
ti
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,
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l.
1
5
(8
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p
.
2
2
2
6
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2
3
8
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2
0
0
6
.
[1
0
]
Q.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
R.
K.
W
a
rd
,
“
A
n
e
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tatio
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-
a
d
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p
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latio
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m
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EE
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g
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l
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1
6
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p
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8
8
9
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0
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0
7
.
[1
1
]
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a
n
g
J
W
.
,
a
n
d
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e
e
HS.
,
“
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d
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p
ti
v
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m
a
g
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in
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latio
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se
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n
l
o
c
a
l
g
ra
d
ien
t
f
e
a
tu
re
s,”
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E
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
–
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6
2
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
M
.
S
a
jj
a
d
,
N.
E
jaz
,
I.
M
e
h
m
o
o
d
a
n
d
S
.
W
.
Ba
ik
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
im
a
g
e
su
p
e
r
-
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
a
d
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p
ti
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n
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lati
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
G
a
u
ss
ian
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
,
”
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u
lt
ime
d
i
a
T
o
o
ls
a
n
d
A
p
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li
c
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ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
4
(2
0
)
,
p
p
.
8
9
6
1
-
8
9
7
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
S
u
n
i
l
P
.
J
.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
L
o
w
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m
p
le
x
Co
n
tex
t
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Im
a
g
e
In
terp
o
latio
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
2
IE
EE
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n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
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l
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n
stru
m
e
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ta
ti
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d
M
e
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me
n
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e
c
h
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n
fer
e
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c
e
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e
e
d
in
g
s
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
S
u
re
sh
a
D.,
P
ra
k
a
sh
H
N
.
,
“
S
i
n
g
le
p
ictu
re
S
u
p
e
r
Re
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l
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ti
o
n
o
f
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ra
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im
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e
s
u
sin
g
N
-
Ne
ig
h
b
o
r
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Bil
i
n
e
a
r
In
terp
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latio
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a
n
d
a
b
so
l
u
te
a
sy
m
m
e
tr
y
b
a
se
d
w
a
v
e
let
h
a
rd
t
h
re
sh
o
l
d
in
g
,
”
2
0
1
6
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
a
n
d
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h
e
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re
ti
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a
l
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o
mp
u
ti
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g
a
n
d
Co
mm
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n
ica
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o
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y
(
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c
T
)
,
p
p
.
3
8
7
–
3
9
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
S
a
jj
a
d
M
.
,
Ej
a
z
N.
,
Ba
ik
S
W
.
,
“
M
u
lt
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-
k
e
rn
e
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b
a
se
d
a
d
a
p
ti
v
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n
ter
p
o
lati
o
n
f
o
r
im
a
g
e
su
p
e
r
-
re
so
lu
ti
o
n
,
”
M
u
lt
ime
d
i
a
T
o
o
ls
Ap
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
7
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
6
3
–
2
0
8
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
De
y
u
n
W
e
i,
“
I
m
a
g
e
su
p
e
r
-
re
so
l
u
ti
o
n
re
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
th
e
h
i
g
h
-
o
rd
e
r
d
e
riv
a
ti
v
e
in
terp
o
lati
o
n
a
ss
o
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iate
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w
it
h
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a
c
ti
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n
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l
f
il
ter f
u
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c
ti
o
n
s
,
”
I
ET
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
IE
T
J
o
u
rn
a
ls
&
M
a
g
a
zin
e
s
,
v
ol
.
10
(
9
),
pp
.
1
0
5
2
–
1
0
6
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
L
iu
,
C.
M
.
,
a
n
d
L
u
o
,
X.
N.,
“
Im
a
g
e
e
n
larg
e
m
e
n
t
v
ia
in
terp
o
l
a
to
ry
su
b
d
iv
isio
n
,
”
IE
T
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
pp.
5
6
7
–
5
7
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
J.
S
.
C
h
o
i
a
n
d
M
.
Kim
,
“
S
u
p
e
r
-
in
terp
o
latio
n
w
it
h
e
d
g
e
-
o
rien
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io
n
-
b
a
se
d
m
a
p
p
in
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k
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rn
e
ls
f
o
r
lo
w
c
o
m
p
lex
2
×
u
p
sc
a
li
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ima
g
e
P
ro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l.
2
5
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
4
6
9
–
4
8
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
9
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Q.
F
a
n
,
F
.
Ba
o
,
Y.
L
iu
,
a
n
d
C.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
S
in
g
le
-
Im
a
g
e
S
u
p
e
r
-
Re
so
lu
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
Ra
ti
o
n
a
l
F
ra
c
tal
In
terp
o
latio
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
8
2
–
3
7
9
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
Z
h
u
S
.
,
Zen
g
B
.
,
Zen
g
L
.
,
G
a
b
b
o
u
j
M
.
,
“
Im
a
g
e
In
terp
o
lati
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
N
o
n
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l
o
c
a
l
G
e
o
m
e
tri
c
S
im
il
a
ri
ti
e
s
a
n
d
Dire
c
ti
o
n
a
l
G
ra
d
ien
ts,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
M
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ia
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l.
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p
.
1
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1
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Kim
H.,
Ch
a
Y.,
Kim
S
.
,
“
Cu
rv
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terp
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d
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o
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e
z
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[2
2
]
S
h
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y
u
a
n
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t
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.
,
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terp
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se
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ies
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ra
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a
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.
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.
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–
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1
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,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
3
]
Am
ir
N
a
z
re
n
A
b
d
u
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Ra
h
im
,
“
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n
A
n
a
l
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s
of
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terp
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latio
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e
t
h
o
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s
f
o
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u
p
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r
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g
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s
,
”
2
0
1
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IEE
E
S
t
u
d
e
n
t
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
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me
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t
(
S
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D)
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c
.
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
A
.
S
in
g
h
a
n
d
J
.
S
in
g
h
,
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g
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sc
a
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o
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rm
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e
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n
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s,”
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ter
n
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o
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rn
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g
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g
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e
c
h
n
o
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y
(
IJ
ET
)
, v
ol
.
9
(
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),
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
V.
D
.
Ears
h
ia,
M
.
S
u
m
a
th
i,
“
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Co
m
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siv
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terp
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ter
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r P
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(
ICCCE
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),
pp
.
3
8
3
-
3
9
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
A
.
C.
Bo
v
ik
,
H.
R.
S
h
e
ik
h
,
E.
P
.
S
im
o
n
c
e
ll
i
,
“
Im
a
g
e
q
u
a
li
ty
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t:
f
ro
m
e
rro
r
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
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t
to
stru
c
tu
ra
l
sim
il
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rit
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.o
n
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l.
3
(
4
)
,
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p
.
6
0
0
-
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2
,
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p
r.
2
0
0
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.
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