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a
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.
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l
rig
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ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
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s
p
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ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
aq
w
a
Har
ig
u
n
a,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
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m
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n
S
y
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te
m
,
C
o
lleg
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f
ST
MI
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Am
ik
o
m
P
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k
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to
,
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l.P
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m
ar
to
,
W
atu
m
as,
P
u
r
w
o
k
er
to
,
J
a
w
a
T
en
g
a
h
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
E
m
ail:
taq
w
a
@
a
m
ik
o
m
p
u
r
w
o
k
er
to
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
g
r
o
w
s
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
tl
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
a
n
d
it
g
i
v
e
s
an
i
m
p
ac
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
.
T
h
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
s
u
c
h
as
f
ac
eb
o
o
k
an
d
I
n
s
ta
g
r
a
m
h
a
s
o
f
f
er
ed
a
n
e
w
w
a
y
o
f
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
o
n
li
n
e.
Face
b
o
o
k
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
u
s
er
s
ar
e
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
b
est
o
f
it
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
k
e
o
f
b
u
y
in
g
a
n
d
s
elli
n
g
o
n
li
n
e,
o
r
at
least
th
e
s
ite
s
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
ar
e
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
b
y
p
o
s
ti
n
g
th
eir
s
er
v
ice
s
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cts to
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
an
d
o
p
in
io
n
-
s
h
ar
i
n
g
w
eb
s
ite
g
et
s
p
ec
ial
atten
t
io
n
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
p
eo
p
le
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
e
m
er
g
en
ce
o
f
W
eb
2
.
0
[
1
]
.
W
e
b
2
.
0
r
ef
er
s
to
a
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
g
en
er
atio
n
as
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
w
eb
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ice
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
s
ites
an
d
w
i
k
i.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
W
eb
2
.
0
is
t
h
a
t
th
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
h
a
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
v
er
y
h
ig
h
w
h
ich
w
o
u
ld
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ata
[
2
]
.
So
cial
m
ed
ia
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
u
y
in
g
a
n
d
s
elli
n
g
g
o
o
d
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices.
I
t
also
g
i
v
e
s
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
s
h
ar
i
n
g
[
3
]
.
Face
b
o
o
k
is
a
s
o
cial
w
eb
m
ed
ia
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
er
s
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
,
a
n
d
its
p
r
i
m
ar
y
ac
t
i
v
it
y
is
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
o
n
lin
e.
I
n
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
i
a,
its
f
u
n
ct
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
i
f
ted
in
to
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
ac
tiv
ities
(
s
u
ch
a
s
s
elli
n
g
o
n
li
n
e,
ad
v
e
r
tis
in
g
,
g
a
m
i
n
g
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
)
.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
d
u
cted
e
m
p
ir
ical
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia:
W
u
an
d
C
h
e
n
(
2
0
1
3
)
ex
p
lai
n
ed
th
at
t
h
e
s
o
cial
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Face
b
o
o
k
h
a
d
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
i
m
p
ac
t
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tl
y
an
d
i
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
i
n
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
n
e
'
s
i
n
te
n
tio
n
i
n
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
s
to
an
al
y
ze
a
n
d
cr
ea
te
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
q
u
alit
y
,
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
a
lit
y
,
a
n
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
,
as
an
tece
d
en
t
s
o
f
cu
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
U
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
A
n
tece
d
en
ts
to
A
ch
ieve
C
u
s
to
mer Tr
u
s
t a
n
d
C
u
s
to
mer I
n
ten
tio
n
to
…
(
Ta
q
w
a
Ha
r
ig
u
n
a
)
1241
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
5
]
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
also
ai
m
s
t
o
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
m
a
y
b
e
th
e
k
e
y
d
eter
m
i
n
an
t
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
ac
ti
v
ities
i
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
A
ND
H
YP
O
T
H
E
S
I
S
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
tr
u
s
t
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
e
d
as
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
b
ein
g
b
eliev
ab
le
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
tece
d
en
ts
o
f
tr
u
s
t
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
'
s
co
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
s
er
v
ices.
A
s
y
s
te
m
atic
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e,
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
w
er
e
id
en
ti
f
ied
t
h
at
co
u
ld
af
f
ec
t
c
u
s
to
m
er
o
f
tr
u
s
t
to
w
ar
d
s
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
th
a
t
ex
i
s
ted
i
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
n
a
m
el
y
:
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
ali
t
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
,
an
d
s
e
r
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
elo
w
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
Q
ua
lity
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
t
h
at
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
il
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
u
c
h
s
er
v
ices
[5
]
,
[
7
-
9]
,
s
u
ch
as
w
eb
-
b
ase
d
lear
n
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
1
0
]
, e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
w
eb
[
8
]
,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
lex
ib
il
it
y
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
a
q
u
alit
y
s
y
s
te
m
[
5
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
A
q
u
alit
y
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
r
ef
lect
a
n
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
r
a
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
an
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
f
it
ca
n
b
e
b
eliev
e
d
o
r
n
o
t
[
5
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
q
u
alit
y
s
y
s
te
m
w
as
i
n
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
er
an
d
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
o
n
e
'
s
i
n
ten
ti
o
n
to
u
s
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[8
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
i
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
:
H1
.
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
n
c
u
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
in
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
2
.
2
.
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
io
n
Q
ua
lity
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
i
s
d
ef
in
ed
as
t
h
e
u
s
er
'
s
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
a
q
u
alit
y
co
n
te
n
t
i
n
a
s
er
v
ice
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
er
v
ice
[
8
]
.
P
ast
s
tu
d
i
es
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
f
a
cto
r
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
u
cc
e
s
s
o
f
a
n
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
[
5
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
a
n
o
th
er
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
m
a
y
al
s
o
af
f
ec
t
th
e
i
n
te
n
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
er
v
ices
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
b
lo
g
s
[
8
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
o
r
v
ir
tu
al
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
[
1
6
]
,
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
:
H2
.
T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
p
o
s
itiv
e
l
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
n
cu
s
t
o
m
er
tr
u
s
t e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
i
n
s
o
ci
al
m
ed
ia.
2
.
3
.
Serv
ice
Q
ua
lity
Un
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
tr
ad
itio
n
all
y
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
w
it
h
th
e
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
I
n
s
o
m
e
e
m
p
ir
ic
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
P
ar
asu
r
a
m
a
n
,
Z
eit
h
a
m
l
a
n
d
B
er
r
y
(
1
9
8
8
an
d
1
9
9
1
)
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
as
an
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
cu
s
to
m
er
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
s
er
v
ices p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
th
e
w
eb
s
i
te
ac
tiv
it
y
a
n
d
o
n
lin
e
s
er
v
ice
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
DeL
o
n
e
an
d
Mc
L
e
an
(
2
0
0
3
an
d
2
0
0
4
)
ex
p
lain
ed
t
h
at
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
h
ad
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
n
f
l
u
en
c
e
o
n
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
a
n
d
as
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
eter
m
in
a
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
to
d
ec
id
e
th
e
p
u
r
c
h
ase
a
g
a
in
[
5
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
w
e
co
n
cl
u
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
:
H3
: T
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
o
n
c
u
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
in
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
2
.
4
.
Cus
t
o
m
er
T
r
us
t
C
o
n
f
id
en
ce
i
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
r
e
f
er
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
'
s
b
elie
f
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
is
i
n
f
lu
e
n
c
ed
b
y
t
h
r
ee
th
i
n
g
s
:
s
er
v
ice
q
u
alit
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
,
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
ali
t
y
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Alza
h
r
a
n
i
et
al
(
2
0
1
5
)
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
icate
d
th
a
t
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
af
f
ec
ted
p
eo
p
le'
s
i
n
ten
tio
n
to
u
s
e
e
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
w
e
co
n
clu
d
e
t
h
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
H4
:
C
u
s
to
m
er
T
r
u
s
t
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
in
te
n
tio
n
to
p
u
r
ch
ase
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
in
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
Fig
ur
e 1
.
H
y
pot
he
si
s a
nd
r
e
se
ar
ch f
r
am
ework
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
7
:
1
2
4
0
–
1
2
4
5
1242
3.
RE
S
E
ARCH
D
E
SI
G
N
Qu
est
io
n
n
air
e
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
was
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
5
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
m
i
n
al
s
ca
le
w
as
u
s
e
d
to
co
llect
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
g
en
d
er
,
ag
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
lev
e
l,
an
d
o
n
li
n
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
b
ein
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
w
a
s
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
,
q
u
alit
y
s
y
s
te
m
,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice,
c
u
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t
a
n
d
in
te
n
tio
n
to
u
s
e
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
E
ac
h
ite
m
w
as
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
a
f
i
v
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
f
r
o
m
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
ag
r
e
e
(
1
)
to
n
eu
tr
al
(
3
)
to
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
ee
(
5
)
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
v
al
id
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t,
all
th
e
ite
m
s
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
er
e
m
o
d
if
ied
an
d
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
r
elev
an
t
r
esear
ch
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
i
te
m
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
in
cl
u
d
ed
: th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
8
]
,
[
5
]
,
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
a
lit
y
an
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
a
lit
y
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
,
c
u
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t
[
6
]
an
d
th
e
in
ten
t
io
n
o
f
u
s
e
[
2
0
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
ab
le
1
d
escr
ib
es th
e
co
m
p
let
e
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
s
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
en
ts
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
st
i
c
s o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
N
u
mb
e
r
%
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
2
1
1
4
6
.
8
F
e
mal
e
2
4
0
5
3
.
2
A
g
e
U
n
d
e
r
2
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
1
2
0
2
6
.
6
20
-
3
0
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
1
7
7
3
9
.
2
3
1
y
e
a
r
s o
l
d
o
r
a
b
o
v
e
1
5
4
3
4
.
1
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
H
i
g
h
sc
h
o
o
l
90
2
0
.
0
U
n
d
e
r
g
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
st
u
d
e
n
t
s
2
2
9
5
0
.
8
G
r
a
d
u
a
t
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
1
3
2
2
9
.
3
Ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
L
e
ss t
h
a
n
6
t
i
me
s
50
1
1
.
1
6
-
1
0
t
i
me
s
3
0
6
6
7
.
8
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
t
i
me
s
95
2
1
.
1
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S O
F
T
H
E
DA
T
A
ANALY
SI
S
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
th
e
d
ata
an
d
to
test
th
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
w
a
s
p
ar
tial
least
s
q
u
ar
es
(
P
L
S).
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
u
s
ed
w
as
S
m
ar
tP
L
S 2
.
0
.
P
L
S is
a
tech
n
i
q
u
e
o
f
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
eq
u
a
tio
n
m
o
d
elin
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
ath
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
r
eg
r
es
s
io
n
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
4
.
1
.
O
ute
r
M
o
dels
I
n
P
L
S,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
e
en
in
d
icato
r
s
an
d
late
n
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1243
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I
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5
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ia
g
i
v
es
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
n
s
o
cial
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
,
e
s
p
ec
iall
y
i
n
t
h
e
S
tate
o
f
C
h
i
n
a
[
2
5
]
,
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
i
n
ev
er
y
d
a
y
ac
tiv
itie
s
s
h
all
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
th
i
r
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
s
an
tece
d
en
t tr
u
s
t.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
i
f
a
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
c
e
o
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
h
a
s
r
eliab
il
it
y
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice,
it
w
ill
g
r
ea
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
is
it
s
to
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
w
h
ich
w
ill
ce
r
tain
l
y
b
e
a
h
ed
g
e
ag
a
in
s
t t
h
e
q
u
an
ti
t
y
o
f
p
u
r
c
h
ase
s
o
n
e
-
c
o
m
m
er
ce
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
in
f
o
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m
atio
n
,
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
o
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
i
n
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
cu
s
to
m
er
tr
u
s
t,
s
o
th
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
o
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
w
il
l
h
a
v
e
an
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
u
s
er
i
n
te
n
tio
n
in
m
a
k
in
g
p
u
r
c
h
ase
tr
a
n
s
a
ctio
n
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
iu
,
L
.
,
Zh
a
o
,
X
.
,
W
a
n
g
,
H.,
S
o
n
g
,
W
.
,
&
Du
,
C,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
A
n
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
F
a
k
e
Re
v
ie
w
s
in
E
-
c
o
m
m
e
rc
e
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
14
(4
),
1
5
1
0
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
Ch
o
n
g
w
e
n
,
W
.
,
&
S
c
h
o
lt
e
n
,
D,
“
O2
O
E
-
Co
m
m
e
r
c
e
Da
ta
M
in
i
n
g
in
Big
Da
t
a
Era”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
14
(2
A
),
3
9
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
A
s
se
g
a
ff
,
S
.
,
Ku
rn
iab
u
d
i
,
K.,
&
He
n
d
ri,
H,
“
S
o
c
ial
M
e
d
ia
S
u
c
c
e
ss
f
o
r
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
S
h
a
rin
g
:
In
stru
m
e
n
t
Co
n
ten
t
V
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
6
(
5
),
2
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
W
u
,
C.
-
H.,
&
Ch
e
n
,
S
.
-
C.
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
s
o
f
c
rit
ica
l
f
a
c
to
rs
to
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
u
sa
g
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
”
.
In
ter
n
e
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
25
(
2
),
2
6
2
–
2
7
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
De
L
o
n
e
,
W
.
H.
a
n
d
M
c
L
e
a
n
,
E.
R.
,
“
T
h
e
De
L
o
n
e
a
n
d
M
c
L
e
a
n
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
su
c
c
e
ss
:
a
ten
-
y
e
a
r
u
p
d
a
te”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
V
o
l
.
1
9
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
-
3
0
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
Ha
rig
u
n
a
,
T
.
,
L
a
i,
M
T
.
,
a
n
d
Ch
e
n
,
S
C.
,
“
A
n
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
S
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
s
tem
Qu
a
li
ty
o
n
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
a
s a S
e
rv
ic
e
”
,
Glo
b
a
l
B
u
sin
e
ss
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
Res
e
a
rc
h
:
An
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
8
(3
)
,
4
3
-
5
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
G
u
,
J.C.
,
F
a
n
,
L
.
,
S
u
h
,
Y.H.
a
n
d
L
e
e
,
S
.
C.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
rin
g
u
ti
li
tar
ian
a
n
d
h
e
d
o
n
ic
u
se
f
u
ln
e
ss
to
u
se
r
in
ten
ti
o
n
i
n
m
u
lt
ip
u
rp
o
se
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s”
,
Cy
b
e
rp
sy
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
Be
h
a
v
io
r,
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
a
l
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
V
o
l.
1
3
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
7
-
2
9
7
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
W
a
n
g
,
S
.
M
.
a
n
d
L
in
,
J.C.
C.
,
“
T
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
so
c
ial
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
n
b
lo
g
g
e
rs’
u
sa
g
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
”
,
On
li
n
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Rev
iew
,
V
o
l
.
3
5
N
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
6
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
Ch
e
n
,
I.
Y.L
,
“
T
h
e
f
a
c
to
rs
in
f
lu
e
n
c
in
g
m
e
m
b
e
rs’
c
o
n
ti
n
u
a
n
c
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
s
i
n
p
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
v
iru
tal
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
a
lo
n
g
it
u
d
i
n
a
l
stu
d
y
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
V
o
l
.
3
3
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
5
1
-
4
6
7
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
0
]
Ch
iu
,
C.
M
.
,
Ch
iu
,
C.
S
.
a
n
d
C
h
a
n
g
,
H.C.
,
“
Ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
in
teg
ra
t
e
d
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
f
a
irn
e
ss
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
it
y
o
n
lea
rn
e
r
s’
sa
ti
sfa
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
w
e
b
-
b
a
se
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
c
o
n
ti
n
u
a
n
c
e
in
ten
ti
o
n
”
,
I
n
fo
r
ma
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
Vo
l.
1
7
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
7
1
-
2
8
7
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
U
n
d
ers
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
A
n
tece
d
en
ts
to
A
ch
ieve
C
u
s
to
mer Tr
u
s
t a
n
d
C
u
s
to
mer I
n
ten
tio
n
to
…
(
Ta
q
w
a
Ha
r
ig
u
n
a
)
1245
[1
1
]
M
a
z
m
a
n
,
S
.
G
.
a
n
d
Us
lu
e
l,
Y.K.,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
u
sa
g
e
o
f
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
”
,
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
Ed
u
c
a
t
io
n
,
V
o
l.
5
5
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
4
4
-
4
5
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
2
]
L
e
e
,
C.
K.,
Yo
o
n
,
Y.
S
.
,
&
L
e
e
,
S
.
K
.
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
th
e
re
latio
n
sh
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
p
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
v
a
lu
e
,
sa
ti
sf
a
c
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s: T
h
e
c
a
se
o
f
th
e
Ko
re
a
n
DMZ
”
,
T
o
u
rism
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
2
8
(
1
),
2
0
4
–
2
1
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
3
]
Do
n
g
,
T
.
P
.
,
C
h
e
n
g
,
N.
-
C.
a
n
d
W
u
,
Y.
-
C.
J.,
“
A
stu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
so
c
ial
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
w
e
b
site
se
rv
ic
e
in
d
ig
it
a
l
c
o
n
ten
t
in
d
u
stries
:
th
e
F
a
c
e
b
o
o
k
c
a
se
in
T
a
iwa
n
”
,
Co
mp
u
ter
s in
Hu
m
a
n
Beh
a
v
io
r
,
V
o
l.
3
0
,
p
p
.
7
0
8
-
7
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
L
in
,
H.
-
H.,
&
W
a
n
g
,
Y.
-
S
.
,
“
An
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
d
e
term
in
a
n
ts
o
f
c
u
sto
m
e
r
lo
y
a
lt
y
in
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
e
rc
e
c
o
n
tex
ts”
,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
4
3
(3
),
2
7
1
–
2
8
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
5
]
De
L
o
n
e
,
W
.
H.
a
n
d
M
c
L
e
a
n
,
E.
R.
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
e
-
c
o
m
m
e
rc
e
su
c
c
e
ss
:
a
p
p
ly
in
g
th
e
De
L
o
n
g
&
M
c
Lea
n
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s su
c
c
e
ss
m
o
d
e
l”,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic Co
mm
e
rc
e
,
V
o
l.
9
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
1
-
4
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
6
]
L
in
,
H.F
.
a
n
d
L
e
e
,
G
.
G
.
,
“
De
ter
m
in
a
n
ts
o
f
su
c
c
e
ss
f
o
r
o
n
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
:
a
n
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
stu
d
y
”
,
Beh
a
v
i
o
u
r
&
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l.
2
5
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
7
9
-
4
8
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
7
]
P
a
ra
su
ra
m
a
n
,
A
.
,
Zeith
a
m
l,
V
.
A.,
a
n
d
Be
rry
,
L
.
L
.
"
A
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
S
Q
a
n
d
Its
I
m
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
F
u
tu
re
Re
se
a
rc
h
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
p
p
.
4
1
-
5
0
,
1
9
8
5
.
[1
8
]
P
a
ra
su
ra
m
a
n
,
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:
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ra
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6
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B
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PHI
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y
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g
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ted
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ro
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a
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tere
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u
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De
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.
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y
.
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