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4
GHz
[
1
3
]
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
tr
ip
le
-
m
o
d
e
s
t
u
b
-
lo
ad
ed
r
eso
n
ato
r
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
o
n
e
o
d
d
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
w
o
e
v
e
n
m
o
d
e
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
i
s
f
il
ter
h
as
a
c
o
m
p
le
x
d
esi
g
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
a
ch
iev
e
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
as
s
b
an
d
an
d
s
to
p
b
an
d
s
i
m
u
ta
n
o
eu
s
l
y
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
B
an
d
-
p
ass
Fil
ter
(
B
P
F)
w
ith
a
v
er
y
w
id
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
s
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
wo
p
air
s
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ied
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t is
p
r
esen
ted
.
W
it
h
t
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
ab
le
to
h
av
e
a
b
an
d
-
p
ass
f
r
o
m
1
.
3
GHz
to
3
.
3
G
Hz
an
d
s
u
p
r
ess
ed
th
e
o
t
h
er
u
n
w
a
n
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cie
s
u
p
to
4
th
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
o
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
e
f
ilter
i
s
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
l
ts
ar
e
ag
r
ee
d
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
ly
w
el
l,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
f
ilter
h
a
s
a
g
o
o
d
b
an
d
-
p
ass
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
.
2.
P
ARAM
E
T
RIC S
T
UD
I
E
S F
O
R
F
I
L
T
E
R
D
E
S
I
G
N
Har
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
can
s
o
m
e
h
o
w
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
an
er
r
o
r
an
d
a
p
r
o
b
lem
to
t
h
e
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
y
in
te
g
r
a
tin
g
a
f
ilter
to
a
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e,
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
ca
n
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
d
esig
n
s
o
r
s
h
ap
e
s
o
f
f
ilter
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
s
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le;
r
i
n
g
-
s
h
ap
e,
b
o
w
tie
-
s
h
ap
e,
s
q
u
ar
e/r
ec
tan
g
le
-
s
h
ap
e
an
d
U/L
/
Г/π
-
s
h
ap
e
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
f
ilter
in
g
a
n
an
ten
n
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
m
o
d
if
ied
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t f
i
lter
w
it
h
a
C
P
W
-
f
ed
h
as b
ee
n
d
esig
n
ed
.
2
.
1
.
Sin
g
le
-
,
du
a
l
-
,
t
riple
-
a
nd
qu
a
d
-
line
(
s
)
re
ct
a
ng
le
-
s
ha
pe
o
f
f
ilte
r
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ied
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
is
b
ased
f
r
o
m
r
e
ctan
g
le
s
lo
t.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
in
g
le
r
ec
tan
g
le
-
s
h
ap
e
s
lo
t
a
n
d
w
a
s
g
iv
e
n
a
n
a
m
e
as
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
A
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
is
1
5
0
x
1
0
0
m
m
2
(
len
g
t
h
,
l
x
w
id
th
,
w
)
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
s
lo
t
d
en
o
ted
as
a
s
tu
b
1
h
as
a
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
len
g
t
h
=
l1
an
d
w
id
th
=
w1
,
p
lace
d
in
t
h
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
C
P
W
f
ee
d
lin
e
w
ith
f
=3
m
m
a
n
d
g
=0
.
5
m
m
.
T
h
e
s
lo
t
len
g
t
h
,
l1
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ate
l
y
a
q
u
ar
ter
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
at
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
T
h
u
s
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
s
to
p
-
b
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
l
w
w
1
l
1
f
g
s
t
ub
1
s
t
ub
1
C
onfi
gur
at
ion
A
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
A
–
s
i
n
g
le
-
l
in
e,
r
ec
tan
g
le
s
lo
t
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
(
S
21
)
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
A
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
l1
w
h
en
w1
o
f
s
tu
b
1
is
f
i
x
ed
at
1
m
m
.
W
h
e
n
l1
=9
m
m
,
th
e
-
1
0
d
B
s
to
p
b
an
d
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
4
.
7
6
GHz
to
6
.
1
2
G
Hz,
w
it
h
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
f
c=
5
.
4
GHz
.
W
h
e
n
l1
=1
0
m
m
,
th
e
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
is
co
v
er
ed
f
r
o
m
4
.
2
1
GHz
to
5
.
6
5
GHz
,
w
it
h
f
c=
4
.
8
GHz
.
B
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
3
.
8
7
GHz
to
5
GHz
w
h
e
n
l1
=1
1
m
m
,
w
i
th
f
c=
4
.
3
GHz
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
S
21
r
esu
lt
s
w
h
e
n
l1
is
f
ix
ed
at
1
0
m
m
a
n
d
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
w1
is
v
ar
ied
f
r
o
m
1
m
m
to
5
m
m
.
B
an
d
w
i
d
th
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
4
.
6
%
(
w1
=1
m
m
)
to
2
0
.
8
%
(
w1
=3
m
m
)
an
d
2
4
.
1
%
(
w1
=5
m
m
)
.
Fr
o
m
b
o
th
o
f
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
es,
w
e
ca
n
n
o
tice
th
at
if
t
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
s
tu
b
i
s
s
h
o
r
ter
,
th
e
ce
n
ter
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
(
f
c)
is
h
ig
h
er
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
)
.
Me
an
w
h
il
e,
w
h
e
n
th
e
w
id
t
h
o
f
th
e
s
lo
t
i
s
w
id
er
,
th
e
q
u
alit
y
f
ac
to
r
b
ec
o
m
e
s
lo
w
er
an
d
th
u
s
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
l
∝
1
/
f
(
1)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
5
1
2
–
2
5
2
0
2514
Freq
u
en
cy, GH
z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
2
1
,
d
B
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
l1
=9 mm
l1
=10 mm
l1
=11 mm
Freq
u
en
cy, GH
z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
2
1
,
d
B
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
w1
=1 mm
w1
=3 mm
w1
=5 mm
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
21
R
es
u
lt
s
o
f
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
A
w
h
en
(
a)
Var
y
l1
,
w1
=1
(
b
)
Var
y
w1
,
l1
=1
0
Oth
er
r
ec
tan
g
le
s
lo
t
s
h
ap
e
s
u
ch
as
d
u
al
-
li
n
es,
tr
ip
le
-
li
n
es
an
d
q
u
ad
-
l
in
e
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3,
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Du
al
-
li
n
es
,
r
ec
tan
g
le
s
lo
t
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
s
l
o
ts
k
n
o
w
n
as
s
t
u
b
1
an
d
s
t
u
b
2
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
g
i
v
en
a
n
a
m
e
as
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
B
.
Stu
b
1
h
as
a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
l1
x
w1
w
h
i
le
s
t
u
b
2
h
as
a
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
l2
x
w2
.
T
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
tu
b
1
a
n
d
s
tu
b
2
is
1
m
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
B
w
h
en
l1
=9
m
m
a
n
d
l2
=7
m
m
.
Val
u
e
o
f
w1
a
n
d
w2
is
f
i
x
e
d
at
1
m
m
.
T
h
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
ac
h
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
2
G
Hz
to
5
GHz
.
B
y
ad
d
in
g
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
lo
t,
th
e
s
to
p
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
an
g
e
is
w
id
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
av
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
lo
t
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
b
an
d
-
s
to
p
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
r
o
m
4
.
8
GHz
to
6
.
1
GHz
u
s
i
n
g
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
A
(
l1
=9
m
m
)
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
B
(
l1
=9
m
m
,
l2
=7
m
m
)
,
th
e
b
a
n
d
-
s
to
p
co
v
er
s
f
r
o
m
4
.
9
GHz
to
8
.
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
s
tu
b
2
h
as
h
e
lp
ed
to
cr
ea
t
e
a
s
to
p
b
an
d
at
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
B
-
d
u
al
-
li
n
es,
r
ec
tan
g
le
s
lo
t
(
b
)
S
21
r
esu
l
t
w
h
e
n
l1
=9
,
l2
=7
(
b
)
S
21
r
esu
l
t;
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
B
v
s
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
A
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
h
as
t
h
r
ee
s
tu
b
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
ize
o
f
s
t
u
b
1
is
l1
x
w1
,
s
tu
b
2
is
l2
x
w2
an
d
s
t
u
b
3
is
l3
x
w3
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
d
en
o
ted
a
s
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
C.
T
h
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
ea
c
h
s
tu
b
is
1
m
m
.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
b
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s
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u
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I
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I
SS
N:
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-
8708
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
B
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2519
4.
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NC
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S
[1
]
A
.
N.
Ob
a
d
iah
,
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t
a
l.
,
“
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re
v
ie
w
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f
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te
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n
ten
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a
s”
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p
li
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d
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e
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h
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n
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n
d
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ter
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p
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8
9
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9
3
,
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e
b
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0
1
5
.
[2
]
M.
-
C.
T
a
n
g
a
n
d
T
.
S
h
i,
“
A
n
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tral
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W
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p
li
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ti
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n
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In
ter
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ti
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d
Pro
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Hz
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P)
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p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
R.
A
.
R
a
h
im
,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
M
icro
str
ip
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
f
il
ter
f
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p
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ti
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s”
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ter
n
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ti
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fer
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n
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e
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n
Co
n
tro
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S
y
ste
m,
C
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mp
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En
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rin
g
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
J.
A
i,
e
t.
a
l
.
,
“
M
i
n
iatu
r
ize
d
Qu
i
n
t
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b
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a
n
d
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ter
b
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lt
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t
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/
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a
to
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m
ix
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d
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lec
tri
c
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n
d
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
”
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M
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wa
v
e
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s Co
mp
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n
ts
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v
o
l.
2
6
,
3
4
3
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3
4
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
K.
-
W
.
Hs
u
,
e
t.
a
l.
,
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c
t
p
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ss
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ter
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lu
m
p
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d
re
so
n
a
to
rs”
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EE
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ter
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t
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l
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m (
IM
S
)
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p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
D.
L
i,
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t.
a
l.
,
“
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n
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v
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l
U
W
B
b
a
n
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p
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ss
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ter
b
a
se
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q
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m
o
d
e
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a
to
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In
ter
n
a
ti
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n
a
l
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ire
les
s
S
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mp
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si
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m (
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p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
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.
P
u
n
y
a
w
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rin
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n
d
N.
S
iri
p
o
n
,
“
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n
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v
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l
w
id
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b
a
n
d
b
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ss
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sin
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th
In
ter
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a
ti
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l
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c
e
o
n
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trica
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rin
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/
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tro
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mp
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ter
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o
mm
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d
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-
C
ON)
,
p
p
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1
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.
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]
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.
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a
o
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t.
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l.
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“
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s”
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v
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a
n
d
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ire
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s Co
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l.
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7
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p
p
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1
2
3
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5
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2
0
1
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.
[9
]
S
.
A
.
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m
z
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,
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t.
a
l
.,
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c
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siz
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a
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ss
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d
f
ra
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tal
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ip
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ten
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a
w
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o
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ig
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ra
b
le
f
e
a
tu
re
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c
e
e
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in
g
s
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f
Asi
a
-
P
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e
,
p
p
.
2
0
4
0
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0
4
3
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
0
]
F
.
Da
rw
is,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
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sig
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
m
icro
strip
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sh
a
p
e
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
f
il
ter
u
sin
g
v
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g
ro
u
n
d
h
o
les
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
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e
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tro
n
ics
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n
d
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n
tro
l)
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v
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l.
1
4
,
p
p
.
8
2
-
8
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
A
.
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u
tejd
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r,
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t.
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
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a
n
d
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n
d
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X
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p
p
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ti
o
n
s”
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EL
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M
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
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n
ica
ti
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n
,
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mp
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ti
n
g
,
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e
c
tro
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n
tr
o
l)
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l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
7
-
1
1
4
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
D.
A
.
A
.
M
a
t,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
In
teg
ra
te
d
o
p
e
n
l
o
o
p
re
so
n
a
to
r
f
il
ter
d
e
sig
n
e
d
w
it
h
n
o
tch
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
m
icro
w
a
v
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s”
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EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
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o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
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m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
5
-
1
4
9
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
W
.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t.
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
a
n
d
w
id
e
u
p
p
e
r
-
st
o
p
b
a
n
d
tri
p
le
-
m
o
d
e
b
r
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
m
icro
strip
B
P
F
”
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EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
5
3
-
3
5
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Iz
n
i
H
u
sna
Idris
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B.
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n
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a
n
d
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g
.
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Un
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).
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lay
sia
in
2
0
1
4
.
S
h
e
sp
e
n
t
3
m
o
n
th
s
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
o
f
Bi
m
in
g
h
a
m
,
U.K.,
a
s
a
v
isit
in
g
P
h
.
D.
stu
d
e
n
t
.
S
h
e
se
rv
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
y
ste
m
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
G
ro
u
p
a
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
c
s
S
c
h
o
o
l.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
w
e
a
ra
b
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
b
o
d
y
c
e
n
tri
c
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
m
e
ta
m
a
t
e
rials,
w
irel
e
ss
n
e
t
w
o
rk
in
g
,
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (Io
T
)
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
u
ter sy
ste
m
s en
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
K
a
m
a
l
A
Ra
h
i
m
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
S
trath
c
l
y
d
e
,
UK
,
in
1
9
8
7
.
In
1
9
8
9
,
h
e
jo
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
Ku
a
la
L
u
m
p
u
r
a
s
a
n
A
s
sista
n
t
L
e
c
tu
re
r
A
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
.
En
g
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ne
w
S
o
u
th
W
a
les
A
u
stra
li
a
in
1
9
9
2
a
n
d
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Birm
in
g
h
a
m
UK
in
2
0
0
3
.
N
o
w
h
e
is
th
e
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
RF
a
n
d
A
n
ten
n
a
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
n
c
lu
d
e
s th
e
a
re
a
s o
f
d
e
sig
n
o
f
Die
l
e
c
tri
c
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icro
st
rip
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
sm
a
ll
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icro
w
a
v
e
s
e
n
so
rs,
RF
ID
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
re
a
d
e
rs
a
n
d
tag
s,
m
u
lt
i
-
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
icro
wa
v
e
c
icu
it
s,
EBG
,
a
rti
f
icia
l
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
rs,
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
ls,
p
h
a
se
d
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
c
o
m
p
u
ter
a
id
e
d
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
a
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
m
il
l
im
e
t
e
r
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
2
0
0
a
rti
c
les
i
n
j
o
u
rn
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
r
s.
F
a
rid
Zu
b
ir
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
m
a
jo
rin
g
in
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
(Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Te
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
2
0
1
0
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
In
2
0
1
6
,
h
e
th
e
n
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
d
e
g
r
e
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Bir
m
in
g
h
a
m
,
U
K,
f
o
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
to
d
irec
t
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
a
m
p
li
f
iers
w
it
h
a
n
ten
n
a
s
in
m
icro
w
a
v
e
tran
s
m
it
ters
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
r
v
e
s
a
s
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
a
n
d
sp
e
c
ializa
ti
o
n
a
re
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
RF
a
n
d
M
ic
ro
w
a
v
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
c
l
u
d
in
g
P
la
n
a
r
A
rra
y
A
n
ten
n
a
s,
Die
lec
tri
c
Re
so
n
a
to
r
A
n
ten
n
a
s
(DR
A
s),
Ac
ti
v
e
In
teg
r
a
ted
A
n
ten
n
a
(A
I
A
)
,
M
icro
strip
R
e
f
lec
tarra
y
A
n
ten
n
a
(M
RA
),
M
il
li
m
e
ter
w
a
v
e
A
n
ten
n
a
s,
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Ba
n
d
Ga
p
(EBG
),
A
rti
f
icia
l
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Co
n
d
u
c
to
r
(A
M
C),
F
u
ll
-
in
teg
ra
ted
T
ra
n
s
m
i
tt
in
g
Am
p
li
f
ier
s,
L
in
e
a
r
P
A
s,
Do
h
e
rty
P
A
s
a
n
d
Bias
De
c
o
u
p
l
in
g
C
ircu
it
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
3
0
a
rti
c
les
i
n
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls,
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ters
,
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
rs
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s.
H
u
d
a
A
M
a
jid
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
(T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
in
2
0
0
7
,
M
.
E
n
g
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
in
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
D
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
1
3
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
siti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
M
).
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
se
rv
e
s
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
(U
T
HM).
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st i
n
c
lu
d
e
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le an
t
e
n
n
a
a
n
d
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
stru
c
tu
re
s.
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