Inter
national
J
our
nal
of
Electrical
and
Computer
Engineering
(IJECE)
V
ol.
9,
No.
3,
June
2018,
pp.
1531
1540
ISSN:
2088-8708,
DOI:
10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1531-1540
r
1531
Dir
ect
and
indir
ect
v
ector
contr
ol
of
a
doubly
fed
induction
generator
based
in
a
wind
ener
gy
con
v
ersion
system
Manale
Bouderbala
1
,
Badr
e
Bossoufi
2
,
Ahmed
Lagrioui
3
,
Mohammed
T
aoussi
4
,
Hala
Alami
Ar
oussi
5
,
Y
asmine
Ihedrane
6
1,2,5
Laboratory
of
Electrical
Engineering
and
Maintenance,
Higher
School
of
T
echnology
,
Oujda,
Morocco
3
Department
of
Electrical
and
Computer
Engineering
The
Higher
National
School
of
Arts
and
T
rades,
Moulay
Ismail
Uni
v
ersity
Meknes,
Morocco
2,4,6
LIST
A
Laboratory
,
F
aculty
of
Sciences
Dhar
El
Mahraz,
Uni
v
ersity
Sidi
Mohammed
Ben
Abdellah
Fez
–
Morocco
Article
Inf
o
Article
history:
Recei
v
ed
Jun
4,
2018
Re
vised
No
v
16,
2018
Accepted
Des
15,
2018
K
eyw
ords:
W
ind
po
wer
Doubly-
fed
induction
generator
(DFIG)
Direct
field
oriented
control
(DFOC)
Indirect
field
oriented
control
(IFOC)
MPPT
control
ABSTRA
CT
In
the
recent
years,
the
de
v
elopment
and
the
e
xploitation
of
rene
w
able
ener
gy
kne
w
a
great
e
v
olution.
Among
these
ener
gy
resources,
the
wind
po
wer
represents
an
impor
-
tant
potential
for
that
the
wind
system
has
been
the
subject
of
se
v
eral
researches.
The
purpose
of
this
study
is
to
impro
v
e
the
po
wer
e
xtract
ed
from
wind
ener
gy
,
taking
into
consideration
the
v
ariation
of
wind
speed
which
causes
a
problem
in
ener
gy
produc-
tion
.
F
or
this
purpose,
we
ha
v
e
controlled
the
po
wers
whether
it
is
ac
ti
v
e
or
reacti
v
e
deli
v
ered
by
the
generator
.
This
paper
,
presents
essentially
the
modeling
and
control
of
doubly-
fed
induction
generator
(DF
IG),
which
is
connected
to
a
v
ariable
speed
wind
turbine.
Firstly
,
the
model
of
the
wind
po
wer
system
with
the
maximum
po
wer
point
tracking
(MPPT)
strate
gy
is
sho
wn.
Then,
the
modeling
of
doubly-
fed
induction
generator
(DFIG)
and
its
po
wer
control
is
presented.
Finnaly
,
to
ensure
the
att
itude
of
these
controls
the
simulations
is
presented
in
the
Matlab/Simulink
en
vironment.
Copyright
c
2019
Insitute
of
Advanced
Engineeering
and
Science
.
All
rights
r
eserved.
Corresponding
A
uthor:
Bouderbala
Manale,
Electrical
Engeneering
and
Maintenance
Laboratory
,
Mohammed
First
Uni
v
ersity
,
Higher
School
of
T
echnologie
Oujda,
Morocco.
Email:
Bouderbala
manale1718@ump.ac.ma
1.
INTR
ODUCTION
F
ollo
wing
the
strong
industrialisation,
electric
ener
gy
will
al
w
ays
reside
an
ener
gy
that
humanity
can
not
do
without
it.
F
ossil
fuels
ha
v
e
long
been
used
in
the
production
of
electrical
ener
gy
,
these
fossil
fuels
are
causing
harmful
damage
to
the
en
vironment.
[1]
T
o
meet
the
high
demand
of
ener
gy
and
at
the
same
time
k
eep
the
en
vironment
safe,
the
majority
of
countries
has
opted
for
the
use
of
rene
w
able
ener
gies.
These
ener
gies
are
ine
xhaustible,
clean
and
do
not
create
greenhouse
g
ases
unlik
e
fossil
fuels.
[2][3]
Among
the
rene
w
able
ener
gies,
wind
ener
gy
is
e
xperiencing
a
significant
gro
wth
and
is
considered
as
a
mature
and
economical
technology[4].
Ho
we
v
er
,
the
problem
is
that
this
resource
is
characterized
by
v
ariable
wind
speed
[5].
F
or
this
reason,
we
ha
v
e
opted
for
the
generator
doubly
fed
induction,
as
well
as
other
adv
antages
such
as;
reducing
the
sizing
of
the
con
v
erters,
and
impro
ving
the
quality
of
the
ener
gy
produced.
On
the
other
hand,
the
control
of
this
machine
remains
the
most
important
and
comple
x
phase.[6][7]
In
that
w
ay
we
will
start
our
study
by
modeling
the
wind
turbine.
Then,
the
MPPT
control
which
ensures
an
important
role
to
e
xtract
the
maximum
of
po
wer
.
Thereaf
ter
,
the
modeling
of
the
DFIG,
and
also
the
po
wer
control
which
is
done
by
the
v
ector
control.
In
terms
of
this
l
ater
we
ha
v
e
tw
o
types:
direct
field
oriented
control(DFOC)
and
indirect
oriented
field
control(IFOC).
Finally
,
the
results
of
the
simulations
will
be
presented
in
the
en
vironment
Matlab/Simulink
in
order
to
conclude
the
most
ef
ficient
and
rob
ust
control
also
the
impact
of
the
MPPT
control
on
the
system
.
J
ournal
homepage:
http://iaescor
e
.com/journals/inde
x.php/IJECE
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1532
r
ISSN:
2088-8708
2.
MODELLING
OF
WIND
TURBIN
The
wind
turbine
allo
ws
the
transformation
of
kinetic
ener
gy
i
n
t
o
mechanical
ener
gy
and
then
into
electrical
ener
gy
through
a
generator
.
W
ind
po
wer
depends
on
the
surf
ace
to
be
swept
(S),
wind
speed
(v)
and
air
density
(
)
.
Based
on
the
fluid
mechanics
equations
we
ha
v
e
the
follo
wing
equation
[8][9]:
P
v
=
:S
:V
3
2
(1)
According
to
Betz’
s
la
w
,
a
wind
turbine
can
ne
v
er
con
v
ert
more
than
16/27
(or
%59
)
of
the
kinetic
ener
gy
of
the
wind.
Cp
e
xpresses
the
aerodynamic
ef
ficienc
y
of
the
wind
turbine.
It
depends
on
the
ratio
(
)
,
and
the
angle
of
orientation
of
the
blades
(
)
.
The
ratio
(
)
and
Cp
are
e
xpressed
by
the
follo
wing
relations
[3]:
=
R
:
t
V
(2)
C
p
(
;
)
=
(0
:
5
0
:
0167
:
(
2))
:
sin(
:
(
+
0
:
1)
18
:
5
0
:
3
:
(
2)
)
0
:
00184
:
(
3)
:
(
2)
(3)
Where
t
is
the
speed
of
the
turbine,
R
is
the
wind
turbine
radius.
The
aerodynamic
po
wer
,
which
is
con
v
erted
by
a
wind
turbine
depends
on
the
po
wer
coef
fici
ent
Cp,
the
follo
wing
equation
sho
ws
it
[2][4]:
P
aer
=
C
p
(
;
)
:P
v
(4)
The
follo
wing
relationship
describes
the
aerodynamic
torque
T
aer
=
P
aer
t
=
C
p
(
;
)
:
:S
:V
3
2
:
t
(5)
In
order
to
adapt
the
slo
w
speed
of
the
turbine
to
the
speed
of
the
generator
,
a
multiplier
is
added,
this
latter
is
modelled
by
the
follo
wing
equations
[6]:
C
g
=
C
t
G
(6)
t
=
mec
G
(7)
Where
Cg
is
the
generator
torque,
mec
is
the
high
speed
of
the
generator
,
G:
multiplier
g
ain
From
the
fundamental
equation
of
the
dynamics
we
can
determine
the
mechanical
speed,
ho
we
v
er
the
mechanical
torque
is
gi
ving
by
[5][4]:
J
d
mec
dt
=
T
mec
=
T
g
T
em
f
:
mec
(8)
Where
T
em
is
the
electromagnetic
torque,
T
mec
is
themechanical
torque,
f
is
the
viscous
friction
torque,
J
is
the
total
inertia.
3.
MAXIMUM
PO
WER
POINT
TRA
CKING
CONTR
OL
The
goal
of
the
MPPT
is
to
optimize
the
wind
ener
gy
captured
by
follo
wing
the
optimal
speed.
In
order
to
reco
v
er
as
much
ener
gy
as
possible
from
the
wind
turbine,
we
must
continuously
adapt
the
mechanical
speed
of
the
DFIG
to
t
he
wind
speed.
Therefore,
it
is
possible
to
estimate
in
real
time
the
v
alue
of
the
wind
speed
.
Then,
the
electromagnetic
torque
e
xtracted
from
the
MPPT
control
is
applied
to
the
DFIG
to
sure
that
the
generator
operates
at
its
optimal
speed.
This
diagram
as
sho
wn
in
Figure
1
illustrates
the
wind
turbine
model
with
the
MPPT
control
model
[3][9]:
IJECE,
V
ol.
9,
No.
3,
June
2018
:
1531
–
1540
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISSN:
2088-8708
r
1533
Figure
1.
T
urbine
and
MPPT
model
The
estimated
v
alue
of
the
wind
speed
is
gi
v
en
by:
V
est
=
R
:
t
opt
(9)
The
e
xpression
of
the
reference
po
wer
becomes:
P
aer
r
ef
=
C
p
max
(
;
)
:
:S
:V
est
3
2
(10)
The
e
xpression
of
the
reference
electromagnetic
torque
becomes:
T
em
r
ef
=
P
aer
r
ef
t
=
1
2
:C
p
max
(
;
)
:
:
:R
5
C
p
max
3
:
t
2
(11)
4.
MODELLING
OF
THE
DFIG
The
stator
of
the
machine
is
directly
connected
to
the
po
wer
grid,
b
ut
the
rotor
is
connected
through
the
po
wer
electronics.
The
mathematical
model
of
DFIG
in
the
park
referential
(d-q)
is
gi
v
en
by
the
follo
wing
equations
[10][11][12][13]:
V
sd
,
V
sq
,
sd
,
sq
are
respecti
v
ely
the
equations
of
the
v
oltages
and
stator
flux
in
the
d-q
reference.
V
sd
=
R
s
:I
sd
+
d
sd
dt
sq
:!
s
V
sq
=
R
s
:I
sq
+
d
sq
dt
sd
:!
s
sd
=
L
s
:I
sd
+
M
:I
r
d
sq
=
L
s
:I
sq
+
M
:I
r
q
(12)
V
r
d
,
V
r
q
,
r
d
,
r
q
are
respecti
v
ely
the
equations
of
the
v
oltages
and
rotor
flux
in
the
d-q
reference.
V
r
d
=
R
r
:I
r
d
+
d
r
d
dt
r
q
:!
r
V
r
q
=
R
r
:I
r
q
+
d
r
q
dt
r
d
:!
r
r
d
=
L
r
:I
r
d
+
M
:I
sd
r
q
=
L
r
:I
r
q
+
M
:I
sq
(13)
Rs,Rr:
stator
and
rotor
resistances.
Ls,Lr:
c
yclic
stator
and
rotor
Inductances.
M:
mutual
inductance.
The
frequenc
y
of
the
stator
v
oltage
is
being
imposed
by
the
grid,
in
the
opposite
the
pulsation
of
the
rotor
currents
is
gi
v
en
by:
!
r
=
!
s
!
w
ith
!
=
p:
(14)
p:
Number
of
pole
pairs
of
the
machine.
!
s
,
!
r
:
Pulse
of
the
stator
and
rotor
electrical
quantities
respecti
v
ely
.
The
Electromagnetic
torque
is
e
xpressed
by:
Dir
ect
and
indir
ect
vector
contr
ol
of
...
(Manale
Bouderbala)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1534
r
ISSN:
2088-8708
T
em
=
p:
M
L
s
:
(
sq
:I
r
d
sd
:I
r
q
)
(15)
The
Acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
stator
po
wers
are:
P
s
=
V
sd
:I
sd
+
V
sq
:I
sq
Q
s
=
V
sq
:I
sd
+
V
sd
I
sq
(16)
5.
FIELD
ORIENTED
CONTR
OL
V
ector
control
is
one
of
the
most
widely
used
techniques
for
controlling
electrical
machines.
It
is
based
on
the
f
act
that
the
machine
is
similar
to
a
DC
machine
wit
h
separate
e
xcitation,
this
latter
ensures
a
natural
decoupling
between
currents
and
flux.
[14][15]
According
to
the
equation
(15)
we
see
clearly
the
strong
coupling
between
the
flux
es
and
the
currents
rotoric
and
statoric
which
generates
a
dif
ficulty
in
the
control
of
the
DFigure
The
principle
of
v
ector
control
is
to
orient
the
flux
of
the
machine
in
one
of
the
tw
o
ax
es
d
or
q.
In
our
case
and
in
order
to
simplify
the
control
of
stator
po
wer
(acti
v
e
or
reacti
v
e),
we
use
an
orientation
on
the
d
axis.
[2][12]
Ho
we
v
er:
sd
=
s
and
sq
=
0
(17)
The
e
xpressions
of
the
electromagnetic
torque
becomes:
T
em
=
3
2
:p:
M
L
s
:
sd
:I
r
q
(18)
The
e
xpressions
of
the
stator
v
oltages
becomes:
V
sd
=
R
s
:I
sd
+
d
sd
dt
V
sq
=
R
s
:I
sq
+
sd
:!
s
(19)
F
or
medium
and
high
po
wer
machines,
stator
resistances
are
ne
glected
[9],
therefore
the
stator
v
oltage
equations
become:
V
sd
=
d
sd
dt
V
sq
=
sd
:!
s
(20)
In
steady
state,
it
is
assumed
that
the
flo
w
is
constant,
thus:
V
sd
=
0
V
sq
=
V
s
=
s
:!
s
(21)
sd
=
s
=
L
s
:I
sd
+
M
:I
r
d
sq
=
0
=
L
s
:I
sq
+
M
:I
r
q
(22)
From
the
equation
(22),
we
deduce
the
equations
linking
between
stator
and
rotor
currents:
I
sd
=
s
L
s
M
L
s
:I
r
d
I
sq
=
M
L
s
:I
r
q
(23)
The
relations
of
the
po
wers
become
:
P
s
=
V
sq
:I
sq
Q
s
=
V
sq
:I
sd
(24)
T
o
e
xpress
the
po
wer
relations
as
a
funct
ion
of
the
rotor
currents,
we
replace
in
the
pre
vious
equation
the
currents
by
the
equation
(23):
P
s
=
V
s
:M
L
s
:I
r
q
Q
s
=
V
s
2
L
s
:!
s
V
s
:M
L
s
:I
r
d
(25)
IJECE,
V
ol.
9,
No.
3,
June
2018
:
1531
–
1540
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISSN:
2088-8708
r
1535
By
replacing
flux
and
stator
currents
in
the
equation
(13)
by
the
e
xpression
(23)
we
obtain:
r
d
=
(
L
r
M
2
L
s
)
:I
r
d
+
V
s:M
L
s
:!
s
r
q
=
(
L
r
M
L
s
)
:I
r
q
(26)
In
order
to
control
the
generator
,these
e
xpressions
are
established
sho
wing
the
relationship
between
the
currents
and
the
rotor
v
oltages
that
will
be
applied
to
it.
V
r
d
=
R
r
:I
r
d
+
(
L
r
M
2
L
s
)
:
dI
r
d
dt
g
:!
s
:
(
L
r
M
2
L
s
)
:I
q
r
V
r
q
=
R
r
:I
r
q
+
(
L
r
M
2
L
s
)
:
dI
r
q
dt
g
:!
s
:
(
L
r
M
2
L
s
)
:I
dr
+
g
:
M
:V
s
L
s
(27)
It
e
xists
tw
o
methods
of
Field
Orientation
Control:
[16]
5.1.
Dir
ect
Field
Orientation
Contr
ol
(DFOC)
This
method
consists
on
re
gulating
the
acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
stator
po
wers
of
DFIG
independently
,
by
using
a
PI
controller
on
each
axis,
while
ne
glecting
the
coupling
terms
between
the
tw
o
ax
es.
This
method
is
called
direct
because
the
PI
controller
act
directly
on
the
v
oltages[15][16];
The
figure
bello
w
sho
ws
the
model
of
direct
field
orientation
control;
Figure
2.
Direct
field
orientation
control
5.2.
Indir
ect
Field
Orientation
Contr
ol(IFOC)
Unlik
e
direct
control
and
in
order
to
re
gulate
the
po
wers
as
well
as
the
currents
rotor
.
This
method
tak
es
into
consideration
the
coupling
terms
and
puts
tw
o
PI
controllers
on
each
axis
[2].The
figure
bello
w
sho
ws
the
model
of
indirect
field
orientation
control;
Figure
3.
Indirect
field
orientation
control
Dir
ect
and
indir
ect
vector
contr
ol
of
...
(Manale
Bouderbala)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1536
r
ISSN:
2088-8708
6.
RESUL
T
AND
AN
AL
YSIS
The
simulation
w
as
performed
in
the
Matlab/Simulink
en
vironment;
In
order
to
model
the
wind,
we
use
harmonic
sums
corresponding
to
the
pulse
!
.
It
is
modeled
by
the
follo
wing
equation:
V
=
V
0
+
n
X
i
=1
A
i
:
sin(
!
i
t
+
i
)
(28)
After
applying
a
random
wind
profile
as
sho
wn
in
4,
from
the
as
sho
wn
in
5
and
as
sho
wn
in
6,
it
is
clear
that
the
system
with
MPPT
control
has
the
coef
ficient
of
po
wer
Cp
maintained
at
its
maximum
v
alue
Cp=0.5
and
the
P
aer
correctly
follo
ws
the
wind
speed,unlik
e
the
system
without
MP
PT
control.
As
well
as
as
sho
wn
in
7
illustrates
the
ratio
which
is
equal
to
its
optimal
v
alue.
Figure
4.
W
ind
speed
Figure
5.
Aerodynamic
po
wer
Figure
6.
Cp
coef
ficient
Figure
7.
The
ratio
T
o
visualize
the
beha
vior
of
the
system
controls
and
to
be
able
to
compare
between
the
tw
o
commads
we
applied
an
acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
po
wer
steps.
The
acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
po
wer
steps,
which
are
applied
to
each
type
of
control,
are
sho
wn
in
T
able
1.
T
able
1.
Acti
v
e
and
Reacti
v
e
Po
wer
Steps
T
imes(s)
Ps(MW)
times(s)
Qs(MV
ar)
0
to
0,4
-0.6
0
to
0,2
-0.6
0,4
to
1,5
-1
0,2
to
1,5
-1
1,5
to
2,5
-1.2
1,5
to
10
-1.2
2,5
to
10
-4
The
Figure8
and
Figure9
sho
w
the
acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
po
wer
with
direct
control,
then
Figure10
and
Figure11
sho
w
rotoric
current
Ird
ant
Irq.
The
Figure12
and
Figure13
sho
w
the
acti
v
e
and
reacti
v
e
po
wer
with
indirect
control,
and
then
Figure14
and
Figure15
sho
w
the
rotor
current
Ird
and
Irq.
IJECE,
V
ol.
9,
No.
3,
June
2018
:
1531
–
1540
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISSN:
2088-8708
r
1537
Figure
8.
Ps
of
DFOC
Figure
9.
Qs
of
DFOC
Figure
10.
Ird
of
DFOC
Figure
11.
Irq
of
DFOC
Figure
12.
Ps
of
IFOC
Figure
13.
Qs
of
IFOC
Figure
14.
Ird
of
IFOC
Figure
15.
Irq
of
IFOC
From
the
pre
vious
figures
we
can
see
that,
acti
v
e
stator
po
wer
(Ps)
depend
on
the
quadrature
rotor
current
(Irq),
and
also
reacti
v
e
stator
po
wer
(Qs)
depend
on
the
direct
rotor
current
(Ird).
So
in
both
cases
(
DFOC
,
IFOC)
the
decoupling
is
perfectly
ensured.
In
the
same
figures;
the
system
follo
ws
the
applied
instructions
e
xcept
that
at
the
le
v
el
of
the
indirect
field
oriented
control
we
can
see
v
ery
well
that,
it
follo
ws
the
instruction
better
than
the
direct
control
either
for
the
po
wers
or
the
currents.
The
follo
wing
table
summarizes
the
comparison
of
the
tw
o
types
of
control
in
terms
of
response
t
ime
(T
r)
and
Ov
ertaking
(O).
It
is
seen
that
the
IFOC
control
lead
to
good
tracking
performance.
Dir
ect
and
indir
ect
vector
contr
ol
of
...
(Manale
Bouderbala)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1538
r
ISSN:
2088-8708
T
able
2.
Dif
ference
between
DFOC/IFOC
Direct
Indirect
Rt(ms)
O%
Rt(ms)
O%
Ps
50
17,5
3
0
Qs
60
13,3
5
0
Ird
50
9,52
4
0
Irq
60
16,66
4
0
7.
CONCLUSION
this
article
deals
with
the
impro
v
ement
of
the
po
wer
generated
from
a
wind
po
wer
sys
tem.
After
modeling
the
whole
system
(
wind
turbine
and
DFIG
generator)
,fisrt
of
all
,
we
started
with
MPPT
control
to
ensure
maximum
po
wer
e
xtraction
by
fixing
Cp
at
its
maximum
v
alue
.
After
that,
we
are
interested
in
v
ector
control
which
consists
in
making
the
machine
similar
to
a
DC
machine.
Finally
,
we
ha
v
e
ha
v
e
compared
the
tw
o
types
of
control
DFOC
and
IFOC
.
In
order
to
v
alidate
our
study
,
we
ha
v
e
carried
out
the
simulation
in
the
Matlab/Simulink
en
vironment
.
Based
on
the
simulation
results,
the
MPPT
control
allo
ws
us
to
e
xploit
the
maximum
of
wind
ener
gy
to
produ
c
e
the
maximum
of
electrical
ener
gy
.
Also,
the
v
ector
control
is
applied
carefully
.
Moreo
v
er
,
we
constated
that,
direct
control
which
is
based
only
on
po
wer
re
gulation,
is
the
easiest
to
implement
b
ut
not
the
most
ef
ficient.
On
the
other
hand,
the
indirect
control
where
the
currents
are
also
controlled
is
a
little
comple
x
to
implement,
b
ut,
it
ensures
a
good
trac
k
i
ng
of
the
instruction
and
allo
ws
us
to
ha
v
e
an
optimal
performance
of
the
system.
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ol.
9,
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3,
June
2018
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–
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISSN:
2088-8708
r
1539
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”,
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El
Ouanjli,
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aoussi,
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Derouich,
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El
Ghzizal,
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Boussoufi
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orque
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of
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aoussi,
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Karim,
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Hammoumi,
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Elbakkali,
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Boss
oufi,
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El
Ouanjli,
”Comparati
v
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v
e
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ind
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urbine”,
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able
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.
Ihedrane,
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El
Bekkali
,
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Bossoufi,
“Po
wer
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ind
T
urbines
V
ariable
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March
2017.
BIOGRAPHIES
OF
A
UTHORS
Manale
Bouderbala
is
a
Ph.D.
Student
in
Electr
ical
Engineering
from
Higher
school
of
tech-
nology
,
Oujda
Morocco.
She
is
member
of
laboratory
electrical
engineering
and
maintenance
(LGEM).
She
had
her
master’
s
de
gree
in
Engineering
of
Industrial
Automated
Systems
at
the
F
aculty
of
Sciences
Dhar
el
Mahrez
Fez.
Her
research
interests
include
Rene
w
able
Ener
gy
,
static
con
v
erters,
electrical
motor
dri
v
es,
and
po
wer
electronics
Badr
e
Bossoufi
is
a
Professor
of
Electrical
Engineering,
at
the
Higher
School
of
technology
,
Oujda
Morocco.
He
is
member
of
laboratory
electri
cal
engineering
and
maintenance(LGEM).
He
recei
v
ed
the
Ph.D.
de
gree
in
Electrical
Engineering
from
Uni
v
ersity
Sidi
Mohammed
Ben
Abdellah,
F
aculty
of
Sciences,
Morocco
and
PhD
de
gree
from
Uni
v
ersity
of
Pitesti,
F
aculty
of
Electronics
and
Computer
,
Romanie
and
Montefiore
Institute
of
electrical
engineering,
Luik,
Belgium.
his
research
inter
ests
include
static
con
v
erters,
electr
ical
motor
dri
v
es,
po
wer
electronics,
Smart
Grid,
Rene
w
able
Ener
gy
and
Artificial
Intelligent.
Ahmed
Lagrioui
is
a
professor
in
ENSAM-Mekness,
Uni
v
ersity
Mly
Smail,
Morocco.
He
re-
cei
v
ed
the
Ph.D.
de
gree
in
Electrical
Engineering
from
the
Mohammadia
school’
s
of
engineers,
Rabat,
Morocco.
He
recei
v
ed
the
aggre
g
ation
de
gree
in
electrical
engineering
from
the
ENSET
School,
in
2003.
He
recei
v
ed
t
he
DESA
de
gree
in
industrial
electronics
from
the
Mohammadia
school’
s
of
engineers.
His
research
interests
include
static
con
v
erters,
electrical
motor
dri
v
es
and
po
wer
electronics
Mohammed
T
aoussi
is
a
Ph.D.
Student
in
Electrical
Engineering
from
Uni
v
ersity
Sidi
Mo-
hammed
Ben
Abdellah,
F
aculty
of
Sciences,
Morocco.
He
recei
v
ed
the
MASTER
de
gree
in
industrial
electronics
from
the
F
aculty
of
Sciences
Fez,
in
2013.
His
research
interests
include
static
con
v
erters,
electrical
motor
dri
v
es,
and
po
wer
electronics,
Smart
Grid,
Rene
w
able
Ener
gy
and
Artificial
Intelligence.
Dir
ect
and
indir
ect
vector
contr
ol
of
...
(Manale
Bouderbala)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1540
r
ISSN:
2088-8708
Hala
Alami
Ar
oussi
recei
v
ed
her
M.S
de
gree
in
Industrial
Automated
Systems
Engineering
from
Sidi
Mohammed
Ben
Abdellah
Uni
v
ersity
,
Fez,
Morocco.
She
is
currently
pursuing
her
Ph.D
in
Electrical
Engineering
at
Mohamed
first
Uni
v
ersity
,
Oujda,
Morocco.
She
is
a
member
of
laboratory
of
electrical
engineering
and
maint
enance
(LGEM).
Her
research
interests
include
modeling,
control
of
wind
ener
gy
con
v
ersion
systems
using
a
doubly
fed
induction
machine
and
rene
w
able
ener
gy
.
Y
asmine
Ihedrane
obtained
her
master’
s
de
gree
in
Engineering
of
Industrial
Automated
Systems
at
the
F
aculty
of
Sciences
Dhar
el
Mahrez
-FES-
where
she
currently
w
orks,
PhD.
graduate
stu-
dent
in
the
same
uni
v
ersity
and
she
is
a
member
of
laboratory
(LIST
A).
Her
interests
in
machine
control.
IJECE,
V
ol.
9,
No.
3,
June
2018
:
1531
–
1540
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.