I
n
t
ern
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
l
ect
ri
ca
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
er E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
V
o
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
1
8
, p
p
.
32
78~
3
284
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
,
D
O
I
:
10.
11
591/
i
j
ece
.
v8
i
5
.
pp
327
8
-
3284
3278
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
p
age
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
c
o
r
e
.
c
o
m/
j
our
nal
s
/
i
nde
x
.
php/
I
J
E
C
E
P
upil D
et
ec
t
io
n B
a
s
ed o
n Co
lo
r Dif
f
erence
a
nd Ci
rcu
la
r H
o
ug
h
T
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
H
az
i
m
G
.
D
aw
ay
1
,
H
an
a
H
.
k
ar
e
e
m
2
,
A
h
m
e
d R
a
f
i
d H
a
s
h
i
m
3
1
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
cs
C
o
l
l
eg
e o
f
S
ci
en
ce,
M
u
s
t
an
s
i
r
i
y
ah
Un
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
Ira
q
2
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
phy
s
i
c
s
,
C
ol
l
e
g
e
of
E
duc
a
t
i
o
n,
M
us
t
a
ns
i
r
i
y
a
h U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
Ira
q
3
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
er
S
ci
en
ce,
C
o
l
l
eg
e o
f
E
d
u
cat
i
o
n
f
o
r
P
u
r
e
S
ci
en
ces
-
I
bn A
l
-
H
a
ith
a
m
,
U
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
B
a
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
A
rt
i
cl
e I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
tic
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
ecei
v
ed
J
ul
2
3
,
201
7
Re
v
i
se
d
J
an
2
0
,
2
01
8
A
ccep
t
ed
Fe
b
11
,
2
01
8
H
u
m
a
n
p
u
p
il
e
y
e
d
e
te
c
tio
n
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ic
a
n
t s
ta
g
e
in
ir
is
s
e
g
m
e
n
ta
tio
n
w
h
ic
h
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
i
ng
one
of
t
he
m
os
t
i
m
p
or
t
a
nt
s
t
e
ps
i
n i
r
i
s
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on.
I
n
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
,
w
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
ne
w
m
e
t
hod
of
hi
g
hl
y
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
pupi
l
de
t
e
c
t
i
on.
T
hi
s
m
e
t
hod i
s
c
ons
i
s
t
i
ng
of
m
a
n
y
s
t
e
ps
t
o de
t
e
c
t
t
he
bo
un
da
r
y
of
t
he
pu
pi
l
.
F
i
r
s
t
,
t
he
r
e
a
d
e
y
e i
m
ag
e (
R
,
G
,
B
)
,
t
h
en
d
et
er
m
i
n
e t
h
e w
o
r
k
ar
ea
w
h
i
ch
i
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
m
an
y
s
t
e
ps
t
o de
t
e
c
t
t
he
bou
nda
r
y
of
t
h
e
pupi
l
.
T
he
de
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
on of
t
he
w
or
k
a
r
e
a
co
n
t
ai
n
s
m
an
y
ci
r
cl
es
w
h
i
ch
ar
e l
ar
g
er
t
h
an
p
u
p
i
l
r
eg
i
o
n
.
T
h
e w
o
r
k
ar
ea i
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
pupi
l
r
e
g
i
on a
nd
ne
i
g
h
bor
ho
od
r
e
g
i
ons
a
f
t
e
r
w
a
r
d t
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
i
n c
ol
or
a
n
d i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
be
t
w
e
e
n pupi
l
r
e
g
i
on a
n
d s
ur
r
ou
nd
i
ng
a
r
e
a
i
s
u
tiliz
e
d,
w
he
r
e
t
he
pu
pi
l
r
e
g
i
on
h
a
s
c
ol
or
a
nd i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
l
e
s
s
t
ha
n s
ur
r
o
un
di
ng
ar
ea.
A
f
t
er
t
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
o
f
d
et
ect
i
n
g
p
u
p
i
l
r
eg
i
o
n
m
an
y
s
t
ep
s
o
n
t
h
e r
es
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
e
i
s
a
ppl
i
e
d i
n
or
de
r
t
o c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
e
t
he
pu
pi
l
r
e
g
i
on
a
nd
de
l
e
t
e
t
he
ot
he
r
s
r
e
g
i
ons
by
us
i
ng
m
a
n
y
m
e
t
hods
s
uc
h a
s
di
l
a
t
i
on
,
e
r
os
i
o
n,
c
a
nny
f
i
l
t
e
r
,
c
i
r
c
l
e
houg
h
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
s
t
o de
t
e
c
t
pu
pi
l
r
e
g
i
on a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
a
ppl
y
opt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on t
o
ch
o
o
s
e t
h
e b
es
t
ci
r
cl
e t
h
at
r
ep
r
es
en
t
s
t
h
e
p
u
p
i
l
ar
ea.
T
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
i
s
ap
p
l
i
ed
f
o
r
i
m
ag
es
f
r
o
m
p
al
ack
y
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
i
t
ach
i
e
v
es
t
o
1
0
0
%
accu
r
ac
y
Ke
y
wo
rd
:
B
i
na
r
y
i
m
a
ge
C
i
r
c
ul
a
r
ho
u
gh t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
m
C
o
l
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
I
r
is
d
e
te
c
tio
n
P
u
p
il a
r
e
a
C
opy
r
i
g
ht
©
201
8
I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
o
f
A
d
v
anc
e
d E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
an
d
Sc
i
e
nc
e
.
A
l
l
ri
g
h
t
s re
se
rv
e
d
.
Co
rre
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
Au
t
h
o
r
:
A
hm
e
d R
a
f
i
d H
a
s
hi
m
,
D
ep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
er
S
ci
e
n
ce,
C
o
lle
g
e
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
f
o
r
P
u
r
e S
ci
en
ce
s
-
I
b
n A
l
-
H
a
ith
a
m
,
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
of
B
a
gh
da
d
,
Ira
q
.
E
m
a
i
l
:
a
hm
e
d.
r
.
h@
i
h
c
oe
du
.
u
o
ba
g
h
da
d.
e
du
.
i
q
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
r
is
'
e
y
e
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
a
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t h
u
m
a
n
b
io
m
e
tr
ic
th
a
t
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
id
e
n
t
if
ic
a
tio
n
a
n
d
a
u
th
e
n
tic
a
tio
n
.
I
r
is
s
e
g
m
e
n
ta
t
io
n
is
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
s
te
p
i
n
ir
i
s
r
e
c
o
g
n
itio
n
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
t
h
e
p
u
p
il d
e
te
c
tio
n
i
s
t
h
e
k
e
y
f
act
o
r
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
ep
.
T
h
er
e ar
e m
a
n
y
s
t
u
d
i
es
i
n
te
r
e
s
t i
n
th
is
f
ie
ld
w
ill b
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
s
u
c
h
a
s:
D
a
ugm
a
n
[
1]
,
[
2]
,
[
3]
,
[
4]
,
[
5]
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d m
e
t
h
od u
s
e
d a
n
i
nt
e
g
r
odi
f
f
e
r
e
nt
i
a
l
ope
r
a
t
or
t
o l
oc
a
l
i
z
e
b
ot
h
t
h
e
i
n
n
e
r
boun
da
r
y
f
or
i
r
i
s
(
pu
pi
l
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
)
a
n
d
ou
t
e
r
bou
n
da
r
y
f
or
i
r
i
s
.
T
h
e
y
us
e
d t
w
o a
r
c
s
t
o de
t
e
c
t
t
he
u
p
p
er
an
d
l
o
w
er
e
y
e
lid
s
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
is
s
e
n
s
iti
v
e
to
n
o
is
e
a
n
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t e
li
m
i
n
a
te
th
e
n
o
is
e
o
f
p
u
p
il.
W
i
l
ds
e
t
a
l
[
6]
,
[
7]
,
[
8]
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d a
m
e
t
h
od us
e
d e
dg
e
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
a
n
d
h
oug
h
t
r
a
n
s
f
or
m
t
o
s
e
gm
e
n
t
t
h
e
e
y
e i
m
ag
e,
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
can
n
o
t
el
i
m
i
n
at
e
t
h
e
n
o
i
s
e o
f
p
u
p
i
l
an
d
e
y
el
a
s
h
e
s
an
d
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
a
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
al
c
o
st
.
T
i
s
s
e [
9
]
en
h
an
ced
D
au
g
m
a
n
'
s
u
s
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
b
as
ed
o
n
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e co
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e an
d
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
obl
e
m
of
l
oc
a
t
i
ng
t
h
e
pu
pi
l
c
e
n
t
e
r
ou
t
s
i
de
.
W
i
t
h
t
h
i
s
m
e
t
hod,
on
e
c
a
n
us
e
i
t
w
i
t
h
ou
t
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
n
g
t
he
no
i
s
e
pr
odu
c
e
d du
e
t
o e
y
e
l
a
s
h
e
s
a
n
d pu
pi
l
.
M
a et
al
[
1
0
]
p
r
es
en
t
ed
a
m
et
h
o
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
h
o
u
g
h
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
af
t
er
f
i
l
t
e
r
i
ng t
he
i
m
a
ge
a
nd
f
i
nd
i
ng t
he
e
d
ge
p
o
i
nt
s
.
W
i
t
h t
h
e
us
e
o
f
t
hi
s
m
e
t
ho
d
,
t
he
no
i
s
e
o
f
e
y
e
l
a
s
he
s
i
s
c
a
nc
e
l
e
d
b
ut
t
he
p
up
i
l
no
i
s
e
e
xi
s
t
s
i
n
t
he
s
e
g
m
en
t
ed
ar
ea.
Z
ho
g
hua
L
i
n
a
nd
H
a
nd
f
e
i
Y
u
[
1
1
]
p
r
e
s
e
nt
e
d
a
m
e
t
h
od
f
or
de
t
e
c
t
i
ng
pu
pi
l
,
t
h
e
i
r
m
e
t
h
od
c
on
s
i
s
t
s
of
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
a
g
e
s
de
pe
n
di
ng
on
O
T
S
U
m
e
t
h
od
a
n
d
H
oug
h
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
ach
i
ev
es
1
0
0
%
accu
r
ac
y
.
I
m
en
K
h
an
f
i
r
et
al
[
1
2
]
p
r
es
e
n
t
ed
a m
e
t
h
o
d
b
as
ed
o
n hi
s
t
o
gr
a
m
t
hr
e
s
ho
l
d
i
ng t
e
c
h
ni
q
ue
i
n o
r
d
e
r
t
o
e
x
tr
a
c
t p
u
p
il e
y
e
th
a
t is
f
o
llo
w
e
d
b
y
a
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
ic
a
l c
le
a
n
in
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
to
c
le
a
r
o
u
t th
e
p
u
p
il b
in
a
r
y
i
m
a
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SSN
:
2088
-
8708
P
upi
l
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on B
as
e
d
on C
ol
or
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
and C
i
r
c
ul
ar
H
ough T
r
ans
f
or
m
(
Ha
z
i
m G.
Da
w
a
y
)
3279
b
y
e
l
i
m
in
a
t
in
g
la
s
h
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
c
tio
n
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
is
m
e
t
h
o
d
m
a
d
e
ir
is
lo
c
a
liz
a
tio
n
f
a
s
te
r
b
y
a
f
a
c
to
r
of
18.
G
o
ma
i
e
t
a
l
[
13]
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d a
m
e
t
h
od t
o de
t
e
c
t
t
h
e
bou
n
da
r
y
of
pu
pi
l
'
s
e
y
e
ba
s
e
d on t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
um
a
n
d
m
e
a
n i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
o
f
p
u
p
i
l
,
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
i
s
ab
l
e
t
o
d
et
ect
an
d
i
s
o
l
at
e p
u
p
i
l
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
acc
u
r
ac
y
r
es
u
l
t
an
d
r
ed
u
ce t
i
m
e
-
c
o
ns
u
m
i
n
g.
I
m
an
A
.
S
aad
et
al
[
1
4
]
p
r
es
e
n
t
ed
a n
e
w
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
accu
r
at
e p
u
p
i
l
d
et
ect
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
as
ab
l
e t
o
t
r
eat
t
h
e b
ad
acq
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
at
r
el
at
ed
t
o
l
o
w
co
n
t
r
as
t
o
r
u
n
r
e
g
u
l
ar
b
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s
,
w
h
er
e a
r
e cau
s
ed
b
y
m
an
y
cau
s
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
,
t
h
e p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
r
ces
,
s
p
ecu
l
ar
r
ef
l
ec
t
i
o
n,
e
y
e
l
a
s
he
s
,
a
nd
e
y
e
l
i
d
s
.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y o
f
t
hi
s
m
e
t
h
od r
e
a
c
h
e
s
t
o 100%
.
R
u
be
l
B
i
s
w
a
s
e
t
a
l
[
15]
pr
e
s
e
n
t
e
d a
m
e
t
h
od f
or
i
r
i
s
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
a
n
d r
e
c
og
n
i
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
pr
opos
e
d m
e
t
h
od
co
n
s
i
s
t
ed
o
f
m
a
n
y
s
t
ep
s
s
eg
m
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
,
n
o
r
m
al
i
zat
i
o
n
,
f
eat
u
r
e
e
n
co
d
i
n
g
,
f
eat
u
r
e
ex
t
r
act
i
o
n
,
an
d
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
.
H
o
u
g
h
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
et
ect
i
n
g
t
h
e cen
t
er
o
f
t
h
e p
u
p
i
l
o
f
a
n
i
r
i
s
,
t
h
e accu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
r
each
es
t
o
9
2
%
.
V
i
n
eet
K
u
m
ar
.
et
al
[
1
6
]
p
r
es
en
t
ed
a m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
i
r
i
s
l
o
cal
i
zat
i
o
n
,
t
h
e p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ir
is
lo
c
a
liz
a
tio
n
d
i
v
i
de
d i
n
t
o t
w
o p
h
a
s
e
s
w
hi
c
h
a
r
e
pu
pi
l
boun
da
r
y
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
a
n
d l
i
m
bi
c
bou
n
da
r
y
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
,
t
h
e
y
us
e
d e
dg
e
m
a
p a
n
d c
i
r
c
u
r
a
l
h
o
ug
h
t
r
a
n
s
f
or
m
f
or
pu
pi
l
bounda
r
y
de
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
accu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
r
each
t
o
9
9
.
7
%
f
o
r
C
A
S
I
A
-
Iri
s
-
T
hou
s
a
n
d (
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
4.
0)
a
n
d 99.
3
8
%
f
o
r
C
A
S
I
A
Iri
s
-
L
a
m
p
(
v
er
s
i
o
n
3
.
0
)
d
at
ab
as
es
.
T
ed
d
y
et
al
[
1
7
]
p
r
es
en
t
e
d
a
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
s
ecu
r
e
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
i
r
i
s
ve
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
t
he
y
us
e
d
w
a
ve
l
e
t
p
a
c
ke
t
a
nd
ha
m
m
i
ng
d
i
s
t
a
nc
e
f
o
r
r
e
c
o
g
ni
t
i
o
n,
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
o
f
t
hi
s
m
e
t
ho
d
r
ea
c
h
to
1
0
0
%
id
e
n
t
if
ic
a
tio
n
r
a
te
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
,
w
e
pr
e
s
e
n
t
a
n
a
ppr
oa
c
h
f
or
pu
pi
l
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
ba
s
e
d on
m
a
ny
s
t
ep
s
.
T
h
e ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
al
p
ar
t
w
a
s
ap
p
l
i
ed
o
n
ey
e i
m
a
g
e d
at
a
b
as
e co
l
l
ect
ed
b
y
P
al
ack
y
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
.
2.
T
HE
P
R
OP
OS
E
D
M
E
T
HOD
I
n
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
,
w
e
u
s
e
d
a
n
e
w
id
e
a
f
o
r
p
u
p
il d
e
te
c
tio
n
w
it
h
b
e
tte
r
accu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
i
s
i
d
ea d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
ces
b
et
w
een
t
h
e i
n
t
en
s
i
t
y
l
e
v
el
(
l
o
w
o
r
h
i
g
h
l
e
v
el
)
a
n
d
(
ch
r
o
m
at
i
c o
r
n
ear
t
o
g
r
a
y
co
l
o
r
)
i
n
t
h
e
p
up
i
l
a
nd
i
r
i
s
r
e
gi
o
ns
.
F
i
g
ur
e
1
illu
s
tr
a
te
d
t
h
e
h
i
s
to
g
r
a
m
s
f
o
r
c
r
o
p
r
e
g
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
p
il a
n
d
th
e
ir
is
.
F
r
o
m t
h
e
h
is
to
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
p
il,
o
n
e
c
a
n
s
e
e
th
e
m
o
s
t o
f
th
e
p
u
p
il r
e
g
io
n
is
g
r
a
y
o
r
te
n
d
to
g
r
a
y
c
o
lo
r
.
T
h
is
m
e
a
n
s
th
e
co
l
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
(
R
G
B
)
i
s
s
m
al
l
(
t
h
e d
at
a i
m
a
g
es
i
n
t
h
e p
u
p
i
l
i
s
ach
r
o
m
a
t
i
c
O
f
t
e
n
)
.
T
h
e f
i
g
u
r
e
s
ho
w
s
a
l
s
o
t
he
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y f
o
r
R
G
B
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t is
lo
w
i
n
th
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
n
e
g
le
c
tin
g
th
e
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
d
is
c
in
th
e
c
e
n
te
r
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
i
n
t
he
i
r
i
s
r
e
gi
o
n
t
he
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
i
s
hi
g
h
a
nd
t
he
c
o
l
o
r
d
e
f
e
r
e
nt
i
s
c
l
e
a
r
(
t
he
d
a
t
a
i
m
a
ge
s
i
n
t
hi
s
I
r
i
s
r
e
g
io
n
is
c
h
r
o
m
a
tic
O
f
te
n
)
.
T
h
es
e co
l
o
r
f
eat
u
r
es
i
s
o
l
at
e t
h
e i
r
i
s
ar
ea p
a
r
t
i
al
l
y
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
ar
ea o
f
t
h
e
p
u
p
il
is
n
o
t c
o
m
p
l
e
te
l
y
g
r
a
y
.
I
t
co
n
t
ai
n
s
a
s
l
i
g
h
t
co
l
o
r
a
n
d
t
h
e ar
ea
m
a
y
al
s
o
co
n
t
ai
n
s
m
a
l
l
g
r
a
y
g
ap
s
.
T
h
es
e
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
can
b
e o
v
er
co
m
e
by
bi
n
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
on t
h
e
p
u
pi
l
r
e
g
i
o
n
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
be
a
c
hi
e
v
e
d b
y
us
e
di
l
a
t
i
on
a
n
d e
r
os
i
on
of
t
h
e
p
u
p
i
l
t
o
a r
each
a
n
a
ppr
ox
i
m
a
t
e
i
s
ol
a
t
i
o
n
f
or
t
h
e
bou
n
da
r
y
of
i
r
i
s
.
T
h
e
pu
pi
l
r
e
g
i
on
h
a
s
be
e
n
f
i
t
t
e
d t
o C
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
H
ou
gh
T
r
a
n
s
f
or
m
.
A
p
r
el
i
m
i
n
ar
y
w
o
r
k
ar
ea
w
i
t
h
r
ad
i
u
s
r
w
i
s
s
el
ect
ed
,
I
t
i
s
a ci
r
cu
l
ar
ar
ea
w
i
t
h
r
ad
i
u
s
b
et
w
ee
n
(
r
wm
i
n
,
r
w
m
ax
)
,
t
hr
o
u
gh
w
h
ic
h
d
e
te
r
m
in
e
s
t
h
e
p
u
p
il b
o
und
a
r
i
e
s
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
2
.
T
h
e
id
e
n
tif
ic
a
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
is
r
e
g
io
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a s
h
o
r
t
cu
t
i
n
t
i
m
e
w
h
en
co
n
d
u
ct
i
n
g
m
at
h
e
m
at
i
cal
o
p
er
at
i
o
n
s
an
d
co
m
p
u
t
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e en
t
i
r
e i
m
a
g
e.
F
i
r
s
t
,
t
h
e i
m
ag
e i
s
co
n
v
er
t
ed
t
o
a b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
ag
e
I
b
t
a
ki
n
g i
n
t
o
acco
u
n
t
t
h
e d
i
f
f
er
en
ce i
n
co
l
o
r
an
d
i
n
t
en
s
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n t
he
p
up
i
l
a
nd
i
r
i
s
r
e
gi
o
n.
(
,
,
,
)
<
1
(1
)
(
,
,
,
)
=
0
(2
)
H
er
e
,
be
i
n
g
t
h
e
pos
i
t
i
on
C
oor
di
n
a
t
e
s
,
=
1
,
2
,
3
ar
e t
h
e R
G
B
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
1
is
th
e
g
r
e
a
te
s
t
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
e
v
al
u
e o
f
i
n
t
en
s
i
t
y
i
n
a p
u
p
i
l
ar
ea.
T
o
t
al
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
o
f
R
G
B
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
i
s
:
=
+
+
(3
)
W
h
er
e:
=
(
−
)
(4
)
=
(
−
)
(5
)
=
(
−
)
(6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
18
:
327
8
-
3284
3280
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e h
i
s
t
o
g
r
a
m
s
f
o
r
p
u
p
i
l
an
d
i
r
i
s
r
eg
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
cer
t
ai
n
ar
eas
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
ci
r
cl
e
w
o
r
k
ar
ea
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
r
ad
i
u
s
.
T
h
e r
es
u
l
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
ep
i
s
t
h
e r
eg
i
o
n
o
f
p
u
p
i
l
b
eco
m
e
w
h
i
t
e ar
ea
a
s
s
ho
w
n i
n F
i
g
ur
e
3
.
C
o
nve
r
t
i
n
g t
he
i
m
a
ge
i
nt
o
a
b
i
na
r
y
i
m
a
ge
d
e
p
e
nd
s
o
n t
he
t
hr
e
s
ho
l
d
va
l
ue
t
2
w
h
er
e:
t
2
m
i
n
≤
t
2
≤
t
2
m
ax
(7
)
If
I
td
<
t
2
t
h
en
I
b
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
=
0
(8
)
el
s
e
I
b
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
=
1
(9
)
F
o
r
th
e
to
ta
l R
G
B
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SSN
:
2088
-
8708
P
upi
l
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on B
as
e
d
on C
ol
or
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
and C
i
r
c
ul
ar
H
ough T
r
ans
f
or
m
(
Ha
z
i
m G.
Da
w
a
y
)
3281
T
=
r
+
g
+
b
(
10)
If
T
<
t
3
t
h
en
I
b
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
=
0
(
11)
F
i
g
ur
e
3
.
b
i
n
ar
y
r
es
u
l
t
acco
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
co
l
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce.
T
h
e s
eco
n
d
s
t
ep
i
s
t
o
i
s
o
l
at
e
t
h
e p
u
p
i
l
b
y
d
i
l
at
i
n
g
o
f
e
x
ces
s
ar
eas
,
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
ap
s
a
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
i
q
ue
s
.
T
hi
s
i
s
d
o
ne
t
hr
o
u
gh t
he
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g s
t
e
p
s
:
I
bd
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
=
I
b
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
⨁
se
(
12)
W
he
r
e
se
=
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
(
13)
T
he
f
a
c
t
t
ha
t
t
he
i
r
i
s
r
e
gi
o
n i
s
no
t
c
o
l
o
r
e
d ha
s
gr
a
y
-
g
en
er
at
ed
o
b
j
ect
s
,
t
o
r
em
o
v
e al
l
co
n
n
ect
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
b
j
ect
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
f
e
w
er
ar
ea
sm
f
r
o
m
t
he
b
i
na
r
y
i
m
a
ge
,
f
o
r
a
l
l
b
l
o
c
k r
e
gi
o
n
cI
bd
i
n
t
h
e b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
ag
e
I
bd
t
o
ge
t
I
b
d
r
w
h
er
e:
If
cI
bd
<
sm
t
h
en
cI
bd
=
0
(
14)
T
h
e ar
ea o
f
t
h
e p
u
p
i
l
i
s
n
o
t
co
n
n
ect
ed
b
ecau
s
e i
t
i
s
n
o
t
ab
s
o
l
u
t
el
y
g
r
a
y
.
T
h
i
s
r
es
u
l
t
i
n
g
i
n
a
g
ap
w
h
e
n
co
n
v
er
t
ed
t
o
a
g
r
a
y
i
m
a
g
e t
o
co
n
n
ect
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
ar
ea
u
s
ed
ca
n
n
y
ed
g
e d
et
ect
i
o
n
a
n
d
s
e
e
d
f
i
llin
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
r
e
s
u
lti
n
g
.
I
b
d
r
c
f
(
r
w
,
t
2
)
(
15)
T
he
r
e
s
ul
t
o
f
t
hi
s
s
t
e
p
s
ho
w
n
i
n F
i
g
ur
e
4
.
F
i
g
ur
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
a
g
e i
s
n
o
t
co
m
p
l
et
el
y
ci
r
cu
l
ar
,
t
h
u
s
i
t
w
a
s
u
s
ed
C
H
T
t
h
at
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
t
o
co
m
p
l
et
e t
h
e ci
r
cu
l
ar
s
h
ap
e b
y
i
n
p
u
t
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
e r
ad
i
u
s
rc
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
5
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
r
ad
i
i
w
er
e
u
s
ed
t
o
g
et
I
ch
(
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
)
,
a
nd
t
he
n
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
ir
c
u
la
r
r
e
g
io
n
b
e
i
ng
I
chf
(
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
)
.
W
e
w
i
ll p
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
e
v
e
r
a
l c
ir
c
le
s
f
ille
d
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t r
a
d
ii
,
r
c
.
r
c
=
[
min
r
c
,
ma
x
r
c
]
(
16)
T
o
f
i
n
d
t
h
e ab
s
o
l
u
t
e er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
a
nd
ℎ
Er
=
|
I
ch
(
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
)
−
I
b
d
r
c
f
(
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
)
|
(
17)
T
h
e b
es
t
v
al
u
e o
f
t
h
e p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
a
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
6
ge
t
t
i
ng a
t
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
18
:
327
8
-
3284
3282
r
w
,
t
2
,
r
c
m
i
n
(
Er
)
=
0
(
18)
F
i
g
ur
e
4
.
B
i
n
ar
y
r
es
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
al
l
co
n
n
ect
ed
o
b
j
ect
s
an
d
s
eed
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
o
l
e r
eg
i
o
n
.
F
i
g
ur
e
5
.
Ci
r
c
le
h
o
u
g
h
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
f
it
tin
g
c
ir
c
le
.
3.
EX
P
ER
IM
EN
TA
L R
E
S
U
L
TS
O
u
r
m
e
t
h
od pe
r
f
or
m
e
d b
y
u
s
i
n
g
M
a
t
l
a
b (
v
e
r
s
i
on
R
2013a
)
on
c
o
m
pu
t
e
r
pl
a
t
f
or
m
h
a
s
2.
4 G
H
Z
c
or
e
i
5 pr
oc
e
s
s
or
a
n
d
4G
r
a
m
.
I
n
t
hi
s
w
or
k
w
e
u
s
e
d
r
w
=
[
90
14
0 ]
,
t
2
=
[
50
7
0
]
,
t
1=
50
a
n
d
r
c
=
[
3
0 t
o 1
40]
,
T
h
e
pr
op
os
e
d m
e
t
h
od
w
a
s
a
ppl
i
e
d t
o
i
m
a
g
e
s
co
l
l
ect
ed
b
y
t
h
e P
al
ack
y
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
.
T
h
e d
at
ab
as
e [
1
8
]
h
as
6
*
6
4
i
r
i
s
i
m
a
g
e
s
(
i
.
e
.
3
*
64 l
e
f
t
a
n
d 3
*
6
4 r
i
g
h
t
)
,
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
s
pr
ope
r
t
i
e
s
a
r
e
768*
576 pi
x
e
l
s
,
a
n
d
f
i
l
e
f
or
m
a
t
i
s
P
N
G
.
T
h
e
t
a
b
l
e
(
1
)
s
ho
w
s
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
va
l
ue
s
o
f
t
he
p
up
i
l
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
y u
s
i
ng
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
i
n
[
19]
a
n
d [
20]
,
f
i
r
s
t
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
99.
86%
,
s
e
c
on
d 9
8.
8
5%
a
n
d t
h
e
pr
opos
e
d m
e
t
h
od r
e
a
c
h
t
o
100 %
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
.
4.
CO
NCL
U
S
I
O
N
P
u
p
il d
e
te
c
tio
n
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t s
te
p
in
ir
i
s
d
e
te
c
tio
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t a
n
e
w
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
p
u
p
il d
e
te
c
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
e
t
ho
d
c
o
ns
i
s
t
s
o
f
m
a
n
y
s
t
e
p
s
b
e
gi
n
ni
n
g
f
r
o
m
r
e
a
d
i
ng e
ye
i
m
a
ge
unt
i
l
r
e
a
c
h t
o
p
up
i
l
d
et
ect
i
o
n
s
t
ep
.
T
h
e r
ecen
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
s
t
ep
w
h
er
e
i
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
i
n
co
l
o
r
an
d
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
b
e
t
w
e
e
n p
up
i
l
a
nd
s
ur
r
o
und
i
ng a
r
e
a
.
T
hi
s
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
i
s
ve
r
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
e
th
e
p
u
p
il r
e
g
io
n
a
n
d
e
xt
r
a
c
t
i
t
,
t
hu
s
t
he
p
up
i
l
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
ha
s
a
l
i
t
t
l
e
c
o
l
o
r
a
nd
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y t
ha
n s
ur
r
o
und
i
ng r
e
gi
o
n.
T
he
ne
w
m
e
t
ho
d
i
s
v
er
y
s
u
cces
s
f
u
l
i
n
p
u
p
i
l
d
et
ect
i
o
n
,
t
h
e accu
r
ac
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
r
each
t
o
1
0
0
%
co
m
p
ar
e
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
er
m
e
t
h
o
d
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SSN
:
2088
-
8708
P
upi
l
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on B
as
e
d
on C
ol
or
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
and C
i
r
c
ul
ar
H
ough T
r
ans
f
or
m
(
Ha
z
i
m G.
Da
w
a
y
)
3283
F
i
g
ur
e
6
.
F
in
a
l
p
u
p
il d
e
te
c
tio
n
s
te
p
.
T
a
bl
e
1.
C
om
pa
r
s
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n
ou
r
P
r
o
pos
e
d M
e
t
h
od R
e
s
u
l
t
a
n
d ot
h
e
r
s
M
e
t
h
od
me
t
h
o
d
A
.
B
a
s
it e
t a
l [
1
9
]
A
n
n
A
.
J
ar
j
es
[
20]
O
ur
m
e
t
ho
d
A
cc
u
r
ac
y
r
at
e
99.
86
%
99.
85%
100%
Fi
g
ur
e
7
.
Fl
o
w
c
h
a
r
t
of
pr
opos
e
d m
e
t
h
od
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
20
88
-
8708
In
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
V
o
l.
8
, N
o
.
5
,
O
c
t
obe
r
20
18
:
327
8
-
3284
3284
R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
J
.
G
.
D
a
ugm
a
n,
“
H
i
g
h c
onf
i
de
nt
i
a
l
v
i
s
ua
l
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on by
t
e
s
t
o
f
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
i
nde
pe
nde
nc
e
”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
.
P
a
t
t
e
r
n A
na
l
.
M
a
c
h.
I
nt
e
l
l
.
1
5 (
11)
,
p
p.
11
48
–
11
6
1,
19
93
.
[
2]
J
.
G
.
D
a
ugm
a
n,
“
T
he
i
m
por
t
a
nc
e
of
be
i
ng
r
a
nd
om
:
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
pr
i
nc
i
pl
e
s
of
i
r
i
s
r
eco
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
”,
P
at
t
er
n
R
eco
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
3
6
pp.
27
9
–
29
1,
20
03
.
[
3]
J
.
D
a
ug
m
a
n,
“
H
ow
i
r
i
s
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
o
n w
or
k
s
”
,
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
ons
o
n
C
i
r
c
ui
t
s
a
n
d S
y
s
t
e
m
s
f
or
V
i
de
o T
e
c
hnol
og
y
,
v
ol
.
14,
n.
1,
J
a
n
ua
r
y
2004,
p
p.
21
-
30.
[
4]
J
.
D
a
ugm
a
n,
“
D
e
m
odul
a
t
i
on
by
c
om
pl
e
x
-
v
al
u
ed
w
a
v
el
et
s
f
o
r
s
t
oc
ha
s
t
i
c
pa
t
t
e
r
n r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on”
,
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
our
na
l
of
W
a
v
e
l
e
t
s
,
M
ul
t
i
r
e
s
ol
ut
i
o
n
a
nd
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
V
ol
.
1,
n.
1,
p
p.
1
–
1
7,
20
03
.
[
5]
J
.
D
a
ugm
a
n,
“
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
r
i
c
hne
s
s
of
v
i
s
ua
l
pha
s
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on:
u
pda
t
e
o
n r
e
c
og
ni
z
i
ng
pe
r
s
ons
by
i
r
i
s
pa
t
t
e
r
ns
”
.
In
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
o
ur
na
l
of
C
om
put
e
r
V
i
s
i
on,
2
00
1,
45(
1)
,
pp.
2
5
-
38
.
[
6]
R
.
W
i
l
de
s
,
“
I
r
i
s
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
o
n:
a
n e
m
e
r
g
i
ng
bi
om
e
t
r
i
c
t
e
c
hnol
og
y
,
”
P
r
oc
.
I
E
E
E
,
v
ol
.
85
,
p
p.
13
48
–
1
36
3,
S
e
p
t
.
19
97.
[
7]
R
.
W
i
l
d
es
,
J
.
A
s
m
u
t
h
,
et
al
.
,
“A
M
ach
i
n
e
-
v
is
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
I
r
is
R
e
c
o
g
n
itio
n
”
,
M
a
c
hi
ne
V
i
s
i
o
n a
nd A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
ns
,
V
ol
.
9,
p
p.
1
-
8,
19
96
.
[
8]
R
.
W
i
l
de
s
,
J
.
A
s
m
ut
h,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
ut
om
a
t
e
d,
non i
nv
a
s
i
v
e
i
r
i
s
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on s
y
s
t
e
m
a
nd
m
e
t
hod,
”
U
.
S
.
P
a
t
e
nt
5,
pp
.
57
2
-
596
,
1
99
6.
[
9]
C
.
T
i
s
s
e
,
L
.
M
a
r
t
i
n,
L
.
T
or
r
e
s
,
a
nd M
.
R
o
be
r
t
.
“
P
e
r
s
o
n i
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on t
e
c
hn
i
q
ue
u
s
i
ng
hum
a
n i
r
i
s
r
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on”
I
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ng
s
of
I
C
V
I
’
02
,
pa
g
e
s
29
4
–
29
9,
20
02
.
[
1
0]
L
.
M
a,
T
.
T
an
,
Y
.
W
an
g
an
d
D
.
Z
h
an
g
,
“E
f
f
i
ci
en
t
i
r
i
s
r
eco
g
n
i
t
i
o
n
b
y
ch
ar
act
er
i
zi
n
g
k
e
y
l
o
cal
v
ar
i
at
i
o
n
s
,
” I
E
E
E
T
r
a
ns
.
I
m
a
ge
P
r
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
,
v
ol
.
1
3,
no.
6,
J
une
20
04.
[
1
1]
Z
ho
ng
hua
L
i
n,
H
o
ng
f
e
i
Y
u,
"
T
he
P
u
pi
l
L
oc
a
t
i
on B
a
s
e
d on t
he
O
T
S
U
M
e
t
hod a
nd H
o
ug
h T
r
a
ns
f
or
m
"
,
P
r
oc
e
di
a
E
nv
i
r
onm
e
nt
a
l
S
c
i
e
nc
e
s
8 (
20
11)
352
–
35
6.
[
1
2]
Im
e
n
e
K
h
a
n
f
i
r K
a
l
l
e
l
,
D
o
rra
S
e
l
l
a
m
i
M
a
s
m
o
u
d
i
,
N
a
b
i
l
D
e
rb
e
l
,
"
F
A
S
T
P
U
P
IL
L
O
C
A
T
IO
N
F
O
R
BE
T
T
E
R IRIS
D
E
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
"
,
2009
6t
h
I
nt
e
r
na
t
io
n
a
l M
u
lt
i
-
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce o
n
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
S
i
g
n
al
s
an
d
D
ev
i
ces
.
[
1
3]
G
o
m
a
i
,
A
. E
l
-
Z
a
a
r
t
,
a
nd H
.
M
a
t
hk
our
,
"
A
N
e
w
A
ppr
oa
c
h f
or
P
u
pi
l
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on i
n I
r
i
s
R
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on
S
y
s
t
e
m
"
,
20
1
0
2nd
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
C
o
nf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
put
e
r
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
n
d T
e
c
hnol
og
y
.
[
1
4]
I
m
an
A
.
S
aad
,
L
o
a
y
E
.
G
eo
r
g
e
a
n
d
A
h
m
e
d
A
.
T
a
y
y
a
r
,
"
A
C
C
UR
AT
E
A
ND F
A
S
T
P
U
P
I
L
L
OC
AL
I
Z
AT
I
ON US
I
N
G
CO
N
T
R
A
S
T
S
T
RE
T
CH
IN
G
,
S
E
E
D
F
IL
L
IN
G
A
N
D
CIRCU
L
A
R
G
E
O
M
E
T
RIC
A
L
CO
N
S
T
R
A
IN
T
S
"
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
10
(
2)
:
30
5
-
315
,
20
14
.
[
1
5]
R
ube
l
B
i
s
w
a
s
,
J
i
a
U
ddi
n,
M
d.
J
u
na
y
e
d H
a
s
a
n,
"
A
N
e
w
A
ppr
oa
c
h
of
I
r
i
s
D
e
t
e
c
t
i
on a
nd R
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on
"
,
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
an
d C
om
put
e
r
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
V
o
l
.
7,
N
o.
5
,
O
c
t
o
be
r
2
01
7,
pp.
2
53
0~
25
3
6.
[
1
6]
V
i
n
eet
K
u
m
ar
,
A
b
h
i
j
i
t
A
s
at
i
,
A
n
u
G
u
p
t
a,
"
A
ccu
r
at
e I
r
i
s
L
o
cal
i
z
at
i
o
n
U
s
i
n
g
E
d
g
e M
ap
G
en
er
at
i
o
n
an
d
A
d
ap
t
i
v
e
Ci
rc
ul
a
r
H
oug
h
T
r
a
ns
f
or
m
f
or
L
e
s
s
C
ons
t
r
a
i
ne
d I
r
i
s
I
m
a
ge
s
"
,
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
J
o
ur
na
l
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd C
om
put
e
r
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
(
I
J
E
C
E
)
,
V
ol
.
6,
N
o.
4,
A
ug
us
t
2
01
6,
pp.
1
63
7~
1
64
6.
[
1
7]
T
e
dd
y
S
ur
y
a
G
una
w
a
n,
N
ur
ul
S
h
a
i
e
da
S
ol
i
h
i
n,
M
a
l
i
k
A
r
m
a
n M
or
s
hi
di
,
M
i
r
a
K
a
r
t
i
w
i
,
"
D
e
v
e
l
opm
e
nt
of
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
I
r
i
s
I
de
nt
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on A
l
g
or
i
t
hm
us
i
n
g
W
a
v
e
l
e
t
P
a
c
k
e
t
s
f
or
S
m
a
r
t
phone
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on"
,
I
nd
one
s
i
a
n J
our
na
l
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
i
ng
a
nd
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
V
ol
.
8,
N
o.
2,
N
ov
e
m
be
r
2017,
pp.
4
50
~
45
6.
[
1
8]
h
ttp
s
:/
/d
r
iv
e
.
g
o
o
g
le
.
c
o
m
/d
r
iv
e
/f
o
ld
e
r
s
/0
B
_
xR
q
f
O
M
gQ
D
G
b
E
N
f
Z
F
N
kU
T
E
xZ
z
A
[
1
9]
A
. B
a
s
i
t
, M
. Y
. J
a
v
e
d
a
n
d
S
. M
a
s
o
o
d
, "
N
o
n
-
c
i
r
c
ul
a
r
P
upi
l
L
oc
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on i
n I
r
i
s
I
m
a
g
e
s
"
,
200
8 I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on E
m
e
r
g
i
ng
T
e
c
hnol
og
i
e
s
I
E
E
E
-
I
C
E
T
20
08.
[
2
0]
A
nn A
.
J
a
r
j
e
s
,
K
ua
nqua
n W
a
ng
,
G
ha
s
s
a
n J
.
M
oha
m
m
e
d,
"
I
r
i
s
L
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
on:
De
te
c
tin
g
A
c
c
u
r
a
te
P
u
p
il C
o
n
to
u
r
a
nd
L
oc
a
l
i
z
i
ng
L
i
m
bus
B
oun
da
r
y
"
,
2010
2
nd
I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
A
s
i
a
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
I
nf
or
m
a
t
i
c
s
i
n C
on
t
r
ol
,
A
ut
om
a
t
i
on a
n
d
R
o
b
o
tic
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.