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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N:
2088
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8708
C
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2603
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6
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(
7
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W
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IS
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0
8
8
-
8708
I
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8
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4
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2604
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h
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t
w
o
eq
u
ati
o
n
s
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
id
en
t
i
ty
:
(
1
4
)
O
n
e
ca
n
o
b
tain
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
π
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lo
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es a
s
:
(
1
5
)
(
1
6
)
W
h
er
e
(
1
7
)
(
1
8
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
π
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lo
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
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io
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e
[
2
]
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
E
q
u
iv
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n
t π
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lo
n
g
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
3.
T
RANSM
I
SS
I
O
N
L
I
NE
VO
L
T
A
G
E
RE
G
U
L
A
T
I
O
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AN
D
E
F
F
I
CI
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NC
Y
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
-
li
n
e
v
o
lta
g
es
v
ar
y
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
lo
ad
co
n
d
i
tio
n
.
D
u
r
in
g
lig
h
t
lo
ad
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
h
i
g
h
w
h
ile
it
i
s
lo
w
d
u
r
in
g
h
ea
v
y
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Vo
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
r
e
f
er
s
t
o
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
li
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
h
a
r
a
cteris
tic
a
n
d
S
u
r
g
e
I
mp
ed
a
n
ce
V
a
r
ia
tio
n
I
mp
a
ct
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
Lin
e
…
(
Mu
h
ya
d
d
in
J.
H.
R
a
w
a
)
2605
v
o
ltag
e
as l
in
e
lo
ad
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g
v
ar
ie
s
f
r
o
m
n
o
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to
f
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ll
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.
Vo
lt
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latio
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s
a
m
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s
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t
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w
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atio
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[
2
]
,
[
6
].
(
1
9
)
A
t
n
o
-
lo
ad
,
I
R
=0
; th
er
e
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o
r
e,
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r
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m
(
1
2
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(
2
0
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T
h
e
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d
an
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g
-
e
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d
p
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2
1
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(
2
2
)
W
h
er
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)
3
(
S
S
is
th
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
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d
in
g
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lex
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ase
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lex
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P
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ase
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ase
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d
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p
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er
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s
m
is
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io
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li
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ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
(
η
)
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
(
2
3
)
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
t
u
d
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
n
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
3
8
0
k
V,
6
0
Hz,
3
0
0
k
m
lo
n
g
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
lin
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
s
a
1
0
0
0
MV
A
at
0
.
8
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
.
T
h
e
lin
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
=0
.
0
1
6
Ω
/k
m
,
L
=0
.
9
7
m
H
/
k
m
,
C
=0
.
0
1
1
5
μ
F/k
m
an
d
g
=
0
.
Z
c
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
r
an
d
L
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e
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tep
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f
5
%.
4
.
1
.
E
f
f
ec
t
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o
f
cha
ra
ct
er
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t
ic
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m
p
eda
nce
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n t
ra
ns
m
is
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io
n line
perf
o
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m
a
nce
T
h
e
r
elatio
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ip
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et
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e
ch
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ter
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Fig
u
r
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2
.
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t
ca
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b
e
s
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h
at
in
cr
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n
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th
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c
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ar
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ter
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m
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o
m
ab
o
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t
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8
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4
t
o
3
4
6
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3
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in
cr
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n
g
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d
v
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lta
g
e
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o
m
2
7
8
.
5
to
3
3
0
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6
k
V
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
at
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h
ar
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ter
is
tic
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m
p
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o
m
ab
o
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t
2
8
5
.
4
to
3
4
6
.
3
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i
m
p
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v
es t
h
e
v
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lta
g
e
r
eg
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latio
n
b
y
ap
p
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o
x
i
m
atel
y
3
9
%
.
I
t
ca
n
b
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f
r
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m
Fi
g
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4
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h
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n
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ter
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m
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4
to
3
4
6
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3
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r
ed
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ce
s
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
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io
n
li
n
e
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
f
r
o
m
9
5
.
5
to
9
3
.
5
%
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
SN
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
6
0
2
–
2
6
0
7
2606
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
i
m
p
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ce
v
er
s
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s
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ec
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v
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n
g
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en
d
v
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ltag
e
Fig
u
r
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3
.
C
h
ar
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ter
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t
ic
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m
p
ed
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ce
v
er
s
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s
p
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n
ta
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e
v
o
ltag
e
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g
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la
tio
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
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h
ar
ac
ter
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t
ic
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m
p
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er
s
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n
s
m
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f
icien
c
y
4
.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
s
o
f
s
urg
e
i
m
peda
nce
o
n t
ra
ns
m
is
s
io
n line
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
Fo
r
a
lo
s
s
less
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e,
r
=0
an
d
g
=0
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
Z
c
b
ec
o
m
es
:
(
2
4
)
W
h
ich
i
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
th
e
s
u
r
g
e
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m
p
ed
a
n
ce
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
illu
s
t
r
ate
s
t
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n
cr
ea
s
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n
g
th
e
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r
g
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m
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ce
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r
o
m
2
9
0
.
4
to
3
5
5
.
7
Ω
also
in
cr
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s
es th
e
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
-
e
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d
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o
lta
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o
m
2
9
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.
1
to
3
4
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
o
v
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th
at
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cr
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s
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n
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s
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m
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m
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5
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7
Ω
d
ec
r
ea
s
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tag
e
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r
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g
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o
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t 4
3
.
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%
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Su
r
g
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
e
r
s
u
s
r
ec
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v
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g
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e
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
ic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
v
er
s
u
s
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
la
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
h
a
r
a
cteris
tic
a
n
d
S
u
r
g
e
I
mp
ed
a
n
ce
V
a
r
ia
tio
n
I
mp
a
ct
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
Lin
e
…
(
Mu
h
ya
d
d
in
J.
H.
R
a
w
a
)
2607
As
r
=0
an
d
g
=0
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
i
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e.
He
n
ce
,
P
r
=P
s
an
d
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
i
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e
is
a
l
w
a
y
s
1
0
0
%.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
es
co
n
s
tit
u
te
an
in
te
g
r
al
p
ar
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
an
d
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
m
a
n
y
a
n
al
y
s
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
lo
ad
f
lo
w
s
t
u
d
ies,
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
s
,
co
n
tin
g
en
c
y
an
d
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
an
al
y
s
es
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
th
at
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
r
g
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
-
e
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
r
g
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
l
in
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
li
n
ea
r
l
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
A
rril
lag
a
a
n
d
N.
R.
W
a
tso
n
,
"
Co
m
p
u
ter
M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s
"
,
2
n
d
e
d
.
,
W
il
e
y
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
H.
S
a
a
d
a
t,
"
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
A
n
a
l
y
s
is"
,
3
rd
e
d
.
,
P
S
A
P
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
L
L
C,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
J.
D.
G
lo
v
e
r
,
T
.
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e
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y
e
,
M
.
S
.
S
a
r
m
a
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
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y
ste
m
A
n
a
l
y
sis a
n
d
De
sig
n
"
,
Ce
n
g
a
g
e
L
e
a
rn
in
g
,
2
0
1
6
.
[4
]
J.
G
ra
in
g
e
r
a
n
d
W
.
D.
S
tev
e
n
so
n
,
"
P
o
w
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r
S
y
ste
m
A
n
a
l
y
sis
"
,
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
Hill
,
1
9
9
4
.
[5
]
Z.
Hu
a
f
e
n
g
,
Z.
X
u
a
n
y
u
,
S
.
Di,
Z.
H
u
a
sh
i
,
J.
Ch
a
o
y
a
n
g
,
"
P
M
U
-
b
a
s
e
d
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
L
in
e
P
a
ra
m
e
ter
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
ti
o
n
a
t
Ch
in
a
S
o
u
th
e
rn
P
o
w
e
r
G
rid
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
Po
we
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
AP
E)
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
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c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
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4
,
p
p
.
1
9
0
-
1
9
8
,
IS
S
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
.
[6
]
V
.
K.
M
e
h
ta an
d
R.
M
e
h
ta,
“
P
rin
c
ip
les
o
f
P
o
w
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r
S
y
ste
m
”
,
Re
v
ise
d
4
th
e
d
.
,
S
.
C
h
a
n
d
,
2
0
0
8
.
[7
]
D.
Iss
ica
b
a
a
n
d
J.
C
o
e
lh
o
,
"
Ro
tat
io
n
a
l
L
o
a
d
F
lo
w
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Ra
d
ial
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
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rin
g
(
IJ
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)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
4
-
1
3
5
2
,
I
S
S
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
.
[8
]
S
.
Na
wa
z
,
A
.
B
a
n
sa
l
a
n
d
M
.
P
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
"
A
n
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
A
p
p
ro
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c
h
f
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r
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G
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lac
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m
e
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t
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Re
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o
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ig
u
r
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d
Distrib
u
ti
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n
Ne
tw
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rk
s"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
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o
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r
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g
in
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r
in
g
(
IJ
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E)
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v
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l.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
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e
c
e
m
b
e
r
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0
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
-
1
4
3
,
IS
S
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
.
[9
]
K.
Nith
iy
a
n
a
n
th
a
n
a
n
d
Um
a
s
a
n
k
a
r,
"
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
F
rien
d
ly
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Up
-
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
s
"
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
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c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
2
5
1
6
-
2
5
2
5
,
IS
S
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
.
[1
0
]
N.
T
leis,
"
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s M
o
d
e
ll
in
g
a
n
d
F
a
u
l
t
A
n
a
ly
sis
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
"
,
Ne
w
n
e
s,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
D.
Da
s,
"
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s"
,
Ne
w
A
g
e
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
(
P
)
L
td
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
2
]
M
.
T
a
leb
,
M
.
J.
Ditt
o
a
n
d
T
.
Bo
u
t
h
ib
a
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
sh
o
rt
tran
sm
issio
n
li
n
e
s
m
o
d
e
ls,
"
2
0
0
6
IEE
E
GCC
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
GCC),
M
a
n
a
ma
,
2
0
0
6
, p
p
.
1
-
7
.
[1
3
]
A
BB P
o
w
e
r
T&D
Co
m
p
a
n
y
In
c
.
,
"
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
a
n
d
Dist
rib
u
ti
o
n
Re
f
e
re
n
c
e
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
"
,
ABB,
1
9
9
7
.
[1
4
]
N.
M
o
h
a
n
,
"
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
s: A
F
irst
Co
u
rse
"
,
W
il
e
y
,
2
0
1
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
Dr
.
M
u
h
y
a
d
d
in
J
a
m
a
l
H
Ra
w
a
w
a
s
b
o
rn
i
n
M
a
k
k
a
h
,
S
a
u
d
i
A
ra
b
ia
o
n
A
u
g
u
st
0
3
1
9
7
7
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
BS
c
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
U
m
m
A
l
-
Qu
ra
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
a
n
M
S
c
d
e
g
r
e
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
in
e
s,
f
ro
m
Kin
g
A
b
d
u
laz
iz
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
a
P
h
D
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
No
tt
i
n
g
h
a
m
in
2
0
0
0
,
2
0
0
8
a
n
d
2
0
1
4
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
h
a
s
m
o
re
th
a
n
6
y
e
a
rs
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
S
a
u
d
i
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
Co
m
p
a
n
y
b
e
f
o
re
jo
in
i
n
g
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
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n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
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rin
g
a
t
Kin
g
A
b
d
u
laz
iz
Un
iv
e
rist
y
a
s
a
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
2
0
0
8
.
Cu
rre
n
t
ly
,
h
e
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
Kin
g
A
b
d
u
laz
iz
Un
iv
e
rist
y
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
sy
ste
m
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s
.
Dr M
u
h
y
a
d
d
in
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E
.
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