Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
5
,
Octo
ber
201
9
, pp.
4302
~
43
10
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
9
i
5
.
pp4302
-
43
10
4302
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Impl
emen
tatio
n
of FO
AF, AIISO
and
DOAP
ont
ologies f
or
creatin
g an ac
adem
ic com
mu
nity network
usin
g s
em
antic f
ra
m
ewo
rks
Himans
hu Ah
uj
a,
Dr.
Siv
akumar
R
.
Depa
rtment
o
f
C
om
pute
r
Scie
n
ce,
CHRIS
T
(De
e
m
ed
to
b
e
Unive
rsit
y
)
,
Ind
ia
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
30
, 2
01
9
Re
vised
A
pr
1
2
, 2
01
9
Accepte
d
Apr 2
5
, 201
9
W
eb
2.
0
deliver
s
the
informati
o
n
which
is
the
n
display
ed
in
hu
m
an
rea
dab
le
cont
en
t,
om
it
t
in
g
the
cru
ci
a
l
inf
orm
at
ion
which
ca
n
be
dr
awn
fr
om
the
dat
a
b
y
th
e
a
pplicati
ons.
W
eb
3.
0
or
sem
ant
ic
web
i
s
an
extension
t
o
the
cur
ren
t
web,
with
an
a
m
bit
ion
to
det
e
rm
ine
th
e
dra
wbac
ks
of
the
c
urre
nt
web.
The
sem
ant
ic
w
eb
has
al
re
ad
y
prove
n
it
s
infl
ue
nce
in
seve
r
al
c
om
m
unit
ie
s
aro
und
the
glob
e,
such
as
social
m
edi
a,
m
usic
i
ndustr
y
,
he
al
th
c
are
dom
ai
n
,
onli
ne
blogs
or
art
icles,
e
tc.
;
Am
ong
the
sev
era
l
too
ls
and
t
ec
hnolog
ie
s,
ontol
ogie
s
or
voca
bul
ari
es
ar
e
the
founda
t
i
on
pil
la
r
for
th
e
sem
ant
ic
web
.
In
thi
s
pape
r
,
th
e
develope
d
s
y
s
t
em
ai
m
s
at
improving
the
col
l
ab
ora
ti
on
and
ac
ad
emic
relati
o
ns
among
staff
which
is
dire
ctl
y
relat
ed
to
our
educ
ation
comm
unity
b
y
p
rovidi
ng
a
better
net
working
p
la
t
form
which
le
ts
the
ag
ents
discuss
the
ir
a
chi
ev
ements,
ti
t
le
s,
dom
ai
n
intere
sts,
and
var
ious
othe
r
ac
t
ivi
ties.
Results
have
bee
n
anal
y
ze
d
to
show
how
new
fac
ts,
i
nform
at
ion
ca
n
be
implie
d
from
the
pre
sente
d
knowledge
of
seve
ral
ag
ents
and
hel
p
gene
ra
te
a
r
elations
hip
gra
ph
b
y
uti
lizing
var
ious
sem
ant
ic
tool
s
.
The
s
y
stem
discussed
in
thi
s
pape
r
proc
esses
al
l
the
informa
tion
in
a
form
at
w
hic
h
c
an
be
under
stood
b
y
b
oth
hum
ans
and
the
m
ac
hine
s,
to
int
erp
r
et
th
e
under
l
y
in
g
m
ea
ning
abou
t it
and
prov
ide e
ff
e
ct
iv
e
resul
ts.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Acad
em
ic
n
et
work
FOAF
On
t
ologies
RDF
Sem
antic
w
eb
Web
3.0
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Him
ansh
u A
huj
a,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
Scie
nce,
CHRIST
(Dee
m
ed
to
be Un
i
ver
sit
y),
Be
ng
al
uru,
Ka
rn
at
a
ka
--
560
029, I
ndia
.
Em
a
il
:
ahu
j
a.
hi
m
anshu@
m
ca.chr
ist
unive
rsit
y.i
n
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
1989,
Tim
Be
rn
e
rs
-
Lee
in
ven
te
d
the
we
b
.
He
assist
e
d
in
m
od
el
ing
t
he
I
nter
net
as
we
know
it
tod
ay
[
1]
.
Wor
ld
W
i
de
Web
a
nd
the
In
te
rn
et
are
tw
o
disti
nguish
e
d
to
pics,
the
Web
is
so
m
et
hin
g
m
or
e
to
than
j
ust
the
HTML
sta
ck.
W
e
ha
ve
that
trivia
l
ideology
that
Web
is
j
us
t
the
con
s
olidati
on
of
var
io
us
te
ch
nolo
gies
wh
ic
h
are
ad
he
red
with
fun
dam
ental
ph
il
osophic
al
pri
nci
pl
es.
To
bec
ome
the
pa
rt
of
t
he
Wo
rld
W
i
de
Web,
a
pa
ge
or
an
ap
plica
ti
on
s
houl
d
hav
e
tw
o
nec
essit
ie
s:
it
sh
ould
be
li
nk
-
abl
e,
an
d
it
s
houl
d
per
m
it
any
cl
ie
nt
to
acce
ss
it
.
W
e
b
1.0
“Sta
ti
c
W
e
b”,
the
we
b
be
fore
the
ye
ar
1999
is
ref
e
rr
e
d
to
as
Read
-
Only
web
[2]
.
T
he
on
ly
functi
onal
it
y
pr
ovide
d
to
t
he
us
er
was
rea
ding
the
sta
ti
c
con
te
nt
w
hic
h
wa
s
avail
ab
le
on
t
he
we
bsi
te
.
The
pa
ucity
of
interact
ion
be
tween
us
e
rs
le
ads
to
the
ne
xt
sta
ge
in
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
the
W
eb
2.0.
It
is
ref
e
rr
e
d
to
as
Parti
ci
pa
ti
ve
Web
,
the
t
ran
s
form
ation
of
s
ta
ti
c
web
pa
ge
s
disp
la
yi
ng
ju
st
inform
at
ion
to
the
abili
ty
to
colla
borate at
a
global sca
le
a
nd s
har
e
the c
onte
nt
v
ia
v
a
rio
us
w
eb
-
base
d forum
s.
The
Sem
antic
W
e
b
or
W
e
b
3.0
or
Linke
d
Data
is
the
nex
t
ev
olu
ti
on
in
Web
D
ev
el
opm
ent.
Ba
sic
al
ly
,
it
is
a
br
id
ge
t
o
fill
the
ga
p
bet
ween
hum
an
interact
io
n
a
nd
we
b
a
ppli
cat
i
on
s
.
We
b
3.0
aim
s
at
sh
ari
ng and c
onnecti
ng
ser
vic
es b
y
unde
rsta
nd
i
ng the m
eanin
g beh
i
nd th
e und
e
rly
ing d
at
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Impleme
nta
ti
on
of F
OAF, AI
I
SO an
d DO
A
P
on
t
ologies
…
(
Him
an
s
hu
A
hu
ja
)
4303
The
Sem
antic
Web
ass
ociat
es
the
c
onte
xt
of
data
a
nd
fact
s
prese
nted,
rat
her
tha
n
just
li
nk
i
ng
a
we
b
pag
e
.
N
ow,
t
his
can h
ave
a
hu
ge
im
pact
on
how
t
he
data
can
be
proce
ssed
and
prese
nted
to
the u
ser
. W
ork
i
ng
on
the
sem
antics
of
the
data
t
han
on
present
at
ion
of
it
will
help
t
o
bu
il
d
th
e
we
b
of
Lin
ke
d
Data
th
a
n
t
he
we
b
of
bill
ion
docu
m
ents.
In
oth
er
word
s
,
the
we
b
as
we
kn
ow
tod
ay
sho
uld
tr
ansfo
rm
into
a
glo
bal
gr
a
ph
of
t
he
boundless
str
uc
ture.
T
o
at
ta
in
this
go
al
,
pro
pe
r
too
ls
an
d
la
ngua
ge
m
us
t
be
prov
i
ded
to
m
achines
so
th
at
they
can
read an
d
t
he
n process
th
e
data sem
antic
a
ll
y.
To
m
ake
the
Sem
antic
W
eb
a
reali
ty
,
the
data
avail
able
on
the
we
b
sh
ould
be
pres
ented
in
the
com
m
on
form
at
wh
ic
h
ca
n
be
unde
rstoo
d
a
nd
acce
sse
d
by
the
Sem
antic
To
ols.
Data
Accessibil
it
y
will
no
t
pro
vid
e
m
uch
help
we
hav
e
t
o
set
the
re
la
ti
on
s
hi
ps
am
on
g
data.
T
his
coll
ect
ion
of
c
o
-
re
la
te
d
dataset
s
on
t
he
web
is
ref
e
rr
e
d
to
as
Lin
ke
d
Data.
RDF
(
Re
so
urce
Desc
riptio
n
Fra
m
e
work)
is
a
sta
nd
a
r
d
m
od
el
f
or
data
exch
a
nge
on
th
e
Wo
rl
d
W
i
de
Web.
T
o
i
den
ti
fy
res
ources
on
the
we
b
uniq
uely
RDF
us
e
s
UR
Is
a
nd
des
cribe
s
with att
rib
utes
and v
al
ues.
In
RDF
,
the
r
eso
ur
ce
is
anyt
hin
g
wh
ic
h
con
ta
in
s
a
URI
,
su
ch
as
http
s://e
xample.
org/c
ic
ero
an
d
pro
per
ty
is a n
a
m
e o
f
the r
es
ource li
ke
‘
give
n
-
nam
e’ o
r
‘
bi
rth
-
date’ and pr
operty
is the v
al
ue
assig
ne
d suc
h
as
11
-
11
-
20
11
or
Ci
cero
,
in
som
e
cases
pr
operty
can
be
j
ust
an
oth
er
re
sou
rce.
Re
s
ource
,
Pr
ope
rty
,
a
nd
Valu
e
form
a
sta
tem
e
nt
w
hich
in
R
DF
te
rm
s
is
Subj
ect
,
P
red
ic
at
e,
an
d
O
bject
of
that
sta
te
m
e
nt.
And
it
is
w
ritt
en
as
P
(S
;
O).
S
ubje
ct
S
has
a
pre
dicat
e
(pr
op
e
rt
y)
P
with
val
ue
O.
T
hi
nk
of
this
relat
io
ns
hi
p
is
as
a
la
beled
e
dg
e
betwee
n
tw
o
nodes:
[
S]
–
P
–
>[
O].
Fig
ur
e
1
desc
ribes
a
sta
tem
ent;
Es
ber
n
is
an
El
der
Nor
d
of
T
am
rie
l
in RDF.
Figure
1. Es
bern
prof
il
e as
d
is
play
ed
in
RD
F
do
c
um
ent
2.
RELATE
D
W
ORK
A
tri
vial
te
rm
wh
ic
h
is
us
e
d
by
va
rio
us
org
anizat
ion
s
inte
rn
al
ly
nee
d
not
necessa
rily
in
fer
t
he
e
xact
sem
antic
s.
This
yi
el
ds
to
a
pro
blem
wh
en
com
pan
ie
s
m
us
t
w
ork
colla
borati
vely
.
I
n
su
c
h
cases,
both
the
com
pan
ie
s
m
us
t
com
e
to
an
agr
eem
ent
of
the
m
utu
al
so
ci
al
te
rm
ino
log
ie
s
c
on
te
xtua
ll
y.
The
auth
or
s
[3]
pro
po
se
d
U
pper
On
t
ologies
de
fine
co
ncl
ud
e
voca
bula
r
ie
s
w
hich
a
re
disc
ov
e
re
d
c
omm
on
acros
s
al
l
the dom
ai
ns
.
FOAF
O
nt
ology
desc
ribes
pe
op
le
,
s
ocial
r
el
at
ion
s,
var
io
us
act
ivit
ie
s,
and
t
heir
ac
qu
ai
ntances
but
i
t
is
no
t
cl
os
e
t
o
the
aca
dem
i
c
com
m
un
it
ie
s
wh
e
re
pro
fes
sion
al
ac
hieve
m
ents
m
at
te
r
in
the
f
or
m
at
i
on
of
relat
ion
s
hip
s
.
Dev
el
op
m
ent
of
ne
w
ontol
ogy
FO
A
F
–
Aca
dem
ic
is
descr
ibed
i
n
this
pa
pe
r
[
4]
by
the
a
uthors.
It is buil
t o
n
t
op
of FOAF
voc
abu
la
ry b
y
rest
ric
ti
ng
t
he
ta
r
ge
t aud
ie
nce as
on
ly
aca
dem
ic
com
m
un
it
ie
s.
In
[5
]
On
t
olog
y
Un
iG
ra
d
w
hi
ch
exte
nd
s
F
OAF
has
bee
n
pr
ese
nted
.
Ac
adem
ic
ia
ns
and
resea
rc
her
s
fin
d
it
ponder
ou
s
to
qu
e
ry
a
nd
get
relat
ive
resu
lt
s.
T
his
i
ssu
e
ca
n
be
re
so
lve
d
by
ap
plyi
ng
Sem
antic
W
eb
te
ch
nolo
gy
an
d
O
nto
l
og
ie
s
s
uch
as
F
O
AF
.
A
ne
w
m
od
el
is
pr
op
os
e
d
to
dev
el
op
a
n
en
d
-
us
e
r
centric
so
ci
al
netw
ork
wh
ic
h
will
represent
relat
ion
s
hip
s
and
e
ntit
ie
s
to
i
m
pr
ove
retri
eval
pe
rfor
m
ance
of
the
se
m
antic
netw
ork.
In
[
6]
the
auth
or
s d
isc
us
s
the o
utc
om
e
of
t
he
stud
y
of
d
escr
ibing
m
utu
al
so
ci
al
com
m
un
i
cat
ion
s
wit
h
aspect
to
t
heir
sentim
ental
dep
th
base
d
on
t
heir
s
ocial
rela
ti
on
s
a
nd
in
divi
du
al
relat
io
nships
from
an
onli
ne
form
of
c
ommun
ic
at
io
n.
The
issue
with
ac
quirin
g
a
disti
nc
t
dep
ic
ti
on
of
r
el
at
ion
sh
i
ps
m
us
t
be
processe
d
in
a
ste
pw
ise
desi
gn a
ppr
oach by
const
ru
ct
in
g an
ontolo
gy
or a
vo
ca
bula
ry c
onsist
ing
of v
a
rio
us
s
ocial
r
el
at
ion
s
.
So
ci
al
netw
ork
ing
us
in
g
FOA
F
vo
c
ab
ulary
m
akes
a
com
pelli
ng
par
t
of
a
ll
the
data
avail
able
on
the
Sem
antic
W
eb
.
The
aut
hors
of
[
7]
pe
rfor
m
ed
a
n
e
xp
e
rim
ental
survey
of
se
ver
al
F
O
A
F
pro
file
s
w
hi
ch
are
fou
nd
on
var
i
ous
so
ci
al
net
w
orkin
g
we
bs
it
e
s
is
analy
zed
and
st
ud
ie
d
to
unde
rstan
d
the
i
ntersecti
on
of
FOAF
data an
d h
ow profil
es can
b
e
m
erg
ed
fro
m
m
ul
ti
ple so
urc
es an
d
c
reate a
la
rg
er
unifie
d
s
ocial
n
et
w
ork
.
Re
la
ti
on
sh
i
ps
involvi
ng
s
ocia
l
and
str
uctu
ral
changes
are
not
par
t
of
the
pri
m
ary
fo
cus
f
or
sem
antic
web
a
naly
sts.
In
[8
]
m
any
FO
A
F
doc
um
ents
wer
e
c
ollec
te
d
w
hich
wer
e
in
RDF
f
orm
at
to
stud
y
the
us
age
and
scal
abili
ty
of
t
hese
docu
m
e
nts.
A
heur
ist
ic
m
od
el
is
pro
po
se
d
w
hic
h
will
help
in
the
disc
ov
e
ry
an
d
identific
at
ion
of
F
OAF
do
c
um
ents
avail
abl
e
on
the
W
e
b
and
de
rivi
ng
inf
or
m
at
ion
ab
ou
t
a
pe
rs
on
f
r
om
their
FOAF
docum
ent.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
4
3
0
2
-
4
3
1
0
4304
A
la
rg
e
po
rtio
n
of
data
avail
able
is
in
the
fo
rm
of
un
st
ru
c
ture
d
data
an
d
so
ci
al
netw
ork
ing
we
bs
it
es
con
t
rib
ute
the
m
os
t
in
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
un
structu
re
d
a
nd
un
m
anag
e
d
use
r
-
relat
ed
data
eve
ry
day.
Se
m
antic
te
chnolo
gy
is
dev
el
op
e
d
by
t
he
a
uthor
s
of
[
9]
w
hich
can
be
us
e
d
t
o
acce
s
s
the
w
or
l
d’
s
la
rg
est
so
ci
al
ne
twork
,
Fac
eb
ook
will
be
a
ble
to
ge
ner
at
e
inte
resti
ng
facts
a
nd
r
el
at
ion
sh
i
ps
of
ta
rg
et
ed
sub
j
e
ct
s,
li
ke
f
rien
ds
with
m
utu
al
co
nnect
ion
s
o
r
sim
il
ar
interest
s
of
a
grou
p.
In
t
his
pap
e
r
[
10
]
th
e
aut
hors
ha
ve
pr
ese
nte
d
how
ontolo
gy
coord
i
natin
g
play
s
a
vital
r
ule
in
al
l
the
do
m
ai
ns
of
Se
m
antic
W
e
b.
S
uch
as
m
erg
ing
of
dif
fer
e
nt
ontolog
ie
s
,
al
ignm
ent,
m
app
ing,
an
d
tra
ns
f
orm
at
ion.
Ultim
at
ely
ho
w
this
will
he
lp
in
so
l
ving
the
m
ajo
r
dra
wb
ac
ks
of
se
ve
ral
database
app
li
cat
io
n
do
m
ai
ns
.
The
a
uthor
s
[
11]
ha
ve
pro
po
s
ed
a
s
olu
ti
on
t
o
a
ns
we
r
t
he
c
la
ssic
wh
y
-
que
sti
on
wh
ic
h
is
us
ef
ul
in
key
w
ord
-
base
d
ap
proac
hes.
An
e
xperi
m
ental
stud
y
w
as
cond
ucted
t
o
m
at
ch
agains
t
var
io
us
on
t
olo
gy
m
et
ho
ds
w
it
h
the
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
, s
entence ext
racti
on
from
t
he
M
onge
-
Elk
an
sim
il
arity f
unct
ion.
A
la
rg
e
po
rtio
n
of
data
avail
able
is
in
the
fo
rm
of
un
st
ru
c
ture
d
data
an
d
so
ci
al
netw
ork
ing
we
bs
it
es
con
t
rib
ute
the
m
os
t
in
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
unstructu
re
d
an
d
un
m
anag
e
d
use
r
-
relat
ed
dat
a
ever
y
day.
I
n
this
pap
e
r
[
12
]
S
e
m
anti
c
te
chnolog
y
is
de
vel
oped
wh
ic
h
ca
n
be
us
e
d
t
o
acce
s
s
the
w
or
l
d’
s
la
rg
est
so
ci
al
ne
twork
,
Faceb
ook wil
l be a
ble to ge
ne
rate i
nteresti
ng
f
act
s a
nd r
el
at
ion
s
hi
ps
of targ
et
ed
s
ubj
ect
s.
So
ft
war
e
Pro
j
e
ct
Ma
nag
em
ent
[S
PM]
ol
der
ver
si
ons
we
re
on
ly
f
oc
us
e
d
on
the
m
et
adata
w
hich
was
in
the
form
at
of
XML
.
This
pap
e
r
[13]
focuses
on
ad
dressi
ng
the
se
ve
ral
issues
fac
ed
w
hile
dev
e
lop
i
ng
Pr
oject
D
oc
ume
nt
On
t
ology
(
PDO)
w
hic
h
is
based
on
R
D
FS
an
d
it
ta
kes
insp
irat
io
n
f
r
om
var
iou
s
popu
la
r
vo
ca
bula
ries.
The
web
ap
plica
ti
on
is
dev
el
op
e
d
i
n
this
pa
per
[
14
]
wh
ic
h
is
base
d
on
F
OAF
O
nto
l
ogy
w
hich
will
con
t
rib
ute
to
academ
ic
insti
t
utions.
T
his
syst
e
m
is
dev
el
op
e
d
us
in
g
th
e
PH
P
sc
riptin
g
la
ngua
ge.
Wh
e
n
a
so
ci
al
g
ra
ph is
dev
el
op
e
d
a
nd
pr
ese
nted
i
n
F
OAF for
m
at
, it
en
ables m
achines to
pro
vid
e
reasonin
g pow
er and
m
ining
of u
se
f
ul in
form
at
ion
w
it
hout
hitt
ing t
he data
base
a
nd inc
reasin
g
t
he
loa
d wit
h ev
ery re
qu
e
st.
This
pa
pe
r
[
15]
rev
ie
ws
how
the
i
m
m
inent
m
et
adata
has
the
pote
ntial
to
ex
pose
the
inf
or
m
at
ion
avail
able
on
th
e
Sem
antic
Web
a
nd
how
it
can
em
power
the
aca
dem
ic
lib
ra
ries.
This
pa
per
hi
gh
li
ghts
ho
w
academ
ic
l
ibra
ries
can
ad
opt
the
Sem
antic
W
e
b
m
et
adat
a
powe
r
wh
ic
h
will
enab
le
richer
bi
bliogr
aph
ic
record
s a
nd r
et
rieval.
On
t
ology
is
pr
opos
e
d
by
the
auth
or
s
of
[
16
]
fo
r
sci
entifi
c
r
esearc
h
a
ppr
oach
to
gathe
r
ing
t
he
data
from
diff
ere
nt
web
sit
es
w
hich
c
on
ta
in
in
for
m
at
ion
ab
out
s
ci
entifi
c
publis
her
s
an
d
store
it
in
the
knowl
edg
e
base
with
ce
rta
in
pa
ram
et
ers
and
ke
ep
up
dating
it
fr
e
quentl
y.
It
on
ly
requi
res
c
onstruc
ti
ng
a
kn
ow
le
dg
e
base
by addin
g sem
antic
b
ase
d
a
nnotati
ons.
3.
RESEA
R
CH MET
HO
D
The
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
the
pro
po
s
ed
syst
em
is
carried
out
base
d
on
se
ve
ral
par
am
et
ers
wh
ic
h
ar
e
descr
i
bed
f
ur
th
er
in
this
sect
i
on.
T
he
ge
ner
a
te
d
RDF
file
w
il
l
be
stored
i
n
TripleSto
re
na
m
el
y
Alle
gr
oGraph
for
furthe
r
an
al
ysi
s
of
the
triple
s
and
ultim
a
te
ly
bu
il
di
ng
an
aca
de
m
ic
co
m
m
un
i
ty
kn
owle
dge
base.
Since
in
sti
tuti
on
s
do
no
t
publ
ic
ly
disclose
i
nfor
m
at
ion
a
bout
it
s
m
e
m
ber
s
a
nd
aca
dem
ic
data
par
ti
cul
arly
in
RDF
f
or
m
at
is
no
t
publicl
y
avail
able.
We
hav
e
ai
m
e
d
to
create
our
own
dataset
c
omprisin
g
of
i
ns
ti
tuti
on
m
e
m
ber
s and t
heir det
ai
ls i
n R
DF
form
at
.
3.1.
Ontolo
gies
and voc
ab
ul
aries used
in pr
oposed
sy
s
tem
FOAF
(frien
d
of
a
fr
ie
nd)
is
t
he
m
os
t
su
cces
sfu
l
e
xam
ples
of
Sem
antic
Web
.
It
desc
ribes
people
a
nd
their
s
ocial
network.
F
O
AF
i
s
an
op
e
n
pro
je
ct
and
a
nyon
e
can
us
e
it
to
descr
i
be
thei
r
per
s
onal
inf
or
m
at
ion
su
c
h
as
nam
e,
ge
nder,
in
te
rests
an
d
s
ocial
co
ntact
s
with
ou
t
the
nee
d
of
a
centrali
zed
da
ta
base
.
AIIS
O
(A
ca
de
m
ic
In
sti
tuti
on
In
te
r
nal
Stru
ct
ur
e
O
nt
ology)
is
RDF/XML
base
d
O
nto
lo
gy
wh
ic
h
de
scri
bes
the
cl
asses
and
prop
e
rtie
s
of
a
n
academ
ic
insti
t
ution.
DC
(
Dublin
Core
)
ont
ology
is
us
ed
t
o
desc
ribe
dig
i
ta
l
an
d
ph
ysi
cal
res
our
ces.
It
can
be
us
e
d
to
dem
onstrat
e
basic
res
ource
de
scripti
on
or
a
f
ull
-
fledg
e
d
c
om
bin
at
ion
of
m
et
adata
vo
ca
bu
la
ries
of
vari
ou
s
oth
er
m
etad
at
a
sta
nd
a
r
ds
to
achieve
in
te
roper
a
bili
ty
.
SI
OC
(
Sem
antic
al
ly
-
In
te
rc
onnecte
d
On
li
ne
Com
m
un
it
ie
s)
On
t
ology
desc
ribe
s
te
rm
s
wh
ic
h
can
be
use
d
t
o
pr
ov
i
de
in
form
ation
and
de
scribe
va
rio
us
on
li
ne
com
m
un
it
ie
s
on
the
W
e
b.
It
is
us
e
d
in
co
njuncti
on
with
FOAF
O
nto
lo
gy
f
or
asserti
ng
prof
il
e w
e
b pag
e
or
so
ci
al
onli
ne
a
ccounts.
Bi
bliog
ra
phic
On
t
ology
is
RDF
based
on
to
log
y
w
hich
de
scribes
bib
li
og
raphic
thin
gs
on
t
he
we
b.
Ci
ta
ti
on
s,
docu
m
ent
cl
assifi
cat
ion
or
just
de
scribin
g
do
c
um
ent
us
ing
R
DF
an
d
us
in
g
SPA
R
QL
to
query
the
sam
e
inform
ation
.
D
IS
CO
(
DDI
-
R
DF
Dis
cov
e
ry)
vocab
ulary
de
fines
RDF
sc
hem
a
for
the
disclos
ur
e
of
r
esearc
h
a
nd
su
r
vey
data
a
vaila
ble
on
th
e
web.
It
is
exten
ded
f
rom
DD
I
Lifec
yc
le
and
C
odeboo
k.
DOAP
(D
es
cr
ipti
on
of
a
P
r
oj
ect
)
O
nto
l
ogy
is
us
ed
to
descr
i
be
s
of
tw
are
pro
j
ect
s,
nota
bly
open
s
ourc
e
ongoin
g
or c
om
ple
te
d
pro
j
ec
ts by a g
r
oup o
f
pe
ople
or in
di
vid
uals
. I
t al
s
o
ai
m
s to
pr
ovi
de
s
upport for
popula
r
pro
gr
am
m
ing
l
angua
ges w
hich
a
re
us
ed
in
t
he
d
e
velo
pm
ent o
f
the
pro
j
ect
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Impleme
nta
ti
on
of F
OAF, AI
I
SO an
d DO
A
P
on
t
ologies
…
(
Him
an
s
hu
A
hu
ja
)
4305
4.
PROP
OSE
D APP
ROAC
H
4.1. Sys
tem
ar
chitecture
The
a
rch
it
ect
ure
of
t
he
devel
op
e
d
sem
antic
web
-
based
academ
ic
co
m
m
un
it
y
netwo
r
k
prov
i
de
s
s
erv
ic
es
to
se
ve
ral
agen
ts
of
academ
ic
insti
t
utions.
Fig
ur
e
2
desc
ribes
sys
tem
arch
it
ect
ur
e
wh
ic
h
c
onsist
s
of
six
pr
im
ary com
po
nen
ts
w
hich
a
re e
xp
la
ine
d belo
w:
-
User
/
Ag
e
nt
in
pu
t
a
naly
sis:
It
com
pr
ise
s
of
detai
ls
w
hich
will
be
e
ntere
d
by
a
n
a
gen
t
w
ho
wis
hes
t
o
jo
in
the
academ
ic
netw
ork.
The
entire
pr
ocess
of
re
gistrati
on
is
furthe
r
di
vide
d
int
o
s
ub
se
ct
ion
s
w
hich
a
re
exp
la
ine
d
i
n
t
he
lat
er s
ect
io
n.
-
Fil
trat
ion
of
t
he
vo
ca
bula
ry
cl
asses:
The
de
velo
ped
s
yst
e
m
extensively
us
es
a
wide
num
ber
of
vo
ca
bula
ries
for
a
ge
nts t
o des
cribe t
heir
aca
dem
ic
d
et
ai
ls a
nd achie
vem
ents.
-
Id
e
ntifyi
ng
the
relat
ed
a
gen
ts:
Ba
sed
on
the
agen
t
ro
le
,
the
reg
ist
rati
on
pa
ge
is
c
us
tom
ized
a
nd
re
qu
i
re
d
vo
ca
bula
ries t
o su
pport
the
r
ole are
m
ade av
a
il
able.
-
Con
st
ru
ct
io
n
of
RDF
doc
um
ent:
This
c
om
p
rises
of
th
e
creati
on
of
RDF
docum
ent
in
RD
F/XM
L
serial
iz
at
ion
fo
rm
at
. U
ser
in
put i
s m
app
ed
to
vocab
ularies
c
la
ss and the
n w
ritt
en
to a
f
il
e.
-
Ag
e
nt
pro
fili
ng
an
d
netw
orkin
g:
On
ce
th
e
agen
t
has
r
egiste
red
to
t
he
netw
ork
.
RDF
file
can
be
dow
nlo
a
ded in
suppo
r
te
d seri
al
iz
at
ion
for
m
at
s and it i
s d
is
pl
ay
ed
on the
hom
epag
e.
-
So
ci
al
relat
io
nships
an
d
gr
a
phs:
T
he
Gr
a
phic
al
m
od
el
us
e
d
to
re
pr
ese
nt
the
relat
io
ns
hi
ps
betwee
n
th
e
agen
ts
of a
n
in
sti
tuti
on
. It
is
vi
su
al
iz
ed usin
g an
d qu
e
ried
u
s
ing
SP
ARQL
langua
ge.
Figure
2. Syst
em
arch
it
ect
ur
e
of the
pro
pose
d
syst
em
4.2
.
Modules
desc
ri
pt
ion
Pr
op
os
e
d
syst
em
co
m
pr
ise
s
of
4
pr
im
ary
m
o
du
le
s:
A
ge
nt
re
gistrati
on,
RD
F
D
ocu
m
ent
Con
st
ru
ct
io
n,
Ag
e
nt P
r
of
il
in
g
a
nd last
ly
Tr
iples st
ora
ge.
Figure
3
s
hows
t
he
F
O
AF
Profi
le
G
ene
rati
on
f
or
m
.
a.
Re
gistrati
on
proces
s:
A
ge
nts
w
ho
are
will
i
ng
to
join
the
academ
ic
network
of
their
insti
tuti
on
m
ust
reg
ist
er
them
sel
ves
a
nd provi
de
thei
r
aca
de
m
ic
d
et
ai
ls. Regist
er
form
is d
ivided i
nto
4
s
ub
-
m
od
ules:
-
Pers
on
al
Detai
ls:
In
this
su
b
-
m
od
ule,
ther
e
are
14
par
am
et
ers
value
s
w
hich
will
be
pro
vid
e
d
by
the
agen
t.
Fiel
ds
s
uch
as
an
‘em
ai
l
-
address
’
is
a
un
iqu
e
ide
ntifie
r
w
hich
is
required
f
or
ever
y
RDF
do
c
um
ent f
or
uniq
uely
ide
ntifyi
ng
the
ag
e
nt
in the ac
adem
i
c n
et
w
ork
.
-
People
Y
ou
M
ay
Know
:
T
his
su
b
-
m
od
u
le
is
cru
ci
al
to
ex
pose
the
m
os
t
pr
om
inent
featu
re
of
FOA
F
vo
ca
bula
ry,
‘peop
le
y
ou
m
ay
know’.
Thi
s
ultim
at
el
y
h
el
ps
cra
wlers
to
create
a
netw
ork
of
connecti
ons
w
hich
t
he
a
ge
nt
m
ay
kn
ow
a
nd
de
velo
p
a
vas
t
so
ci
al
gra
ph
by
li
nk
i
ng
kn
own
co
ntact
s
in a
gro
up an
d pro
vid
in
g
s
ugge
sti
on
s
w
hen
e
ve
r
a
ne
w
m
e
m
b
er
has registe
re
d.
-
Acad
em
ic
Detai
ls:
This
sub
-
m
od
ule
com
pr
ise
s
sever
al
vo
cabu
la
ries
su
c
h
as
AIIS
O,
AIIS
O
-
ro
le
s
,
AIIS
O
-
par
ti
ci
pa
ti
on
,
Bi
bliogr
aph
ic
,
an
d
Des
cripti
on
-
of
-
a
-
pro
j
ect
,
et
c
.
The
age
nt
will
be
prom
pted
t
o
fill
in
req
ui
red
academ
ic
detai
ls
wh
ic
h
will
help
to
c
reate
a
netw
ork
in
the
insti
tuti
on
and
li
nk
ot
he
r
agen
ts
based
on
sim
il
ar
attribu
te
s.
T
his
w
il
l
help
to
create
gr
ou
ps
of
agen
ts
based
on
thei
r
ow
n
cho
ic
es
selec
te
d
a
nd pr
ov
i
de a
b
et
te
r
c
ollab
or
at
io
n
se
r
vice b
et
wee
n
t
hem
.
-
Re
search
P
ubli
cat
ion
s:
Ba
sed
on
the
age
nt
r
ole
in
an
acad
e
m
ic
insti
tuti
on
,
this
sub
-
m
od
ule
will
be
act
ivate
d.
T
his su
b
-
m
od
ule wi
ll
create an
agen
t’s
res
earc
h publi
cat
ion
s
de
ta
il
s in
the RDF
m
od
el
and
store
t
hem
in
a Trip
le
St
or
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
4
3
0
2
-
4
3
1
0
4306
Figu
re
3. A
ge
nt
FOAF
pro
file
r
e
gistrati
on pr
ocess
b.
Creat
ion
of
R
DF
do
c
um
ent:
On
ce
t
he
age
nt
reg
ist
ers
s
ucce
ssfu
ll
y,
the
next
ste
p
is
the
ge
ner
at
io
n
of
RD
F
file
w
hich
will
con
ta
i
n
al
l
the
a
gen
t
-
pro
vi
ded
detai
ls
a
nd
m
ap
it
to
it
s
res
pecti
ve
vocab
ularies.
A
PIs
pro
vid
e
f
unct
ion
al
it
ie
s
to
cr
eat
e
or
m
anipu
la
te
R
DF
do
cum
ents.
By
def
a
ult,
it
will
create
an
RD
F
do
c
um
ent
in
th
e
form
of
RD
F
/XML
w
hich
c
an
be
la
te
r
c
ha
ng
e
d
t
o
a
ny
of
the
f
ollo
wing
form
at
s:
JSO
N
-
LD,
N
-
Triples o
r
T
urt
le
.
In
th
is
m
od
ule,
t
he
RDF
file
is
cre
at
ed
an
d
sto
re
d
in
the
file
syst
e
m
as
pr
ese
nted
in
Fig
ure
4.
Figure
4. RDF
file
o
f
an ag
ent
c.
Ag
e
nt
Profili
ng:
In
this
m
odule,
an
a
gen
t
is
pr
ese
nted
with
an
RDF
file
al
on
g
with
va
rio
us
facts
a
nd
detai
ls.
A
ge
nt’
s
relat
ed
t
riple
s
are
querie
d
a
nd
any
ne
w
in
f
err
e
d
facts
f
rom
the
TripleSt
or
e
a
re
disp
la
y
ed
on
t
he
ho
m
epag
e.
T
he
quer
y
is
per
f
orm
ed
with
the
help
of
SP
ARQL
AP
I
s.
S
uppose
,
to
fetc
h
al
l
th
e
triple
s r
el
at
ed
to
on
e
ag
e
nt,
t
he
foll
ow
i
ng qu
ery is u
sed
as s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Impleme
nta
ti
on
of F
OAF, AI
I
SO an
d DO
A
P
on
t
ologies
…
(
Him
an
s
hu
A
hu
ja
)
4307
Figure
5. Java
SPA
R
QL
quer
y executi
on
d.
Stor
i
ng
Tri
ples
in
Alle
groGra
ph
:
R
DF
Fil
e
can
be
sto
re
d
in
the
a
gen
t’
s
lo
cal
disk
a
nd
ca
n
be
viewe
d
or
dow
nlo
a
ded
f
r
om
the
web
sit
e
ho
m
epag
e.
A
ge
nt
ho
m
epag
e
sh
ows
their
in
f
or
m
at
ion
from
the
TripleSto
re
by
perform
in
g
SPA
R
QL
queries
an
d
co
nn
ect
e
d
or
m
utu
al
colle
ag
ue
s’
inf
or
m
at
ion
when
O
W
L
Re
ason
i
ng is e
nab
le
d
in
the
T
ripleSto
re
.
5.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
S
Fo
r
t
he
de
vel
opm
ent
of
an
ac
adem
ic
co
m
mu
nity
netw
ork
,
sever
al
a
gen
t
’s
RDF
pr
of
il
es
wer
e
c
reated
wh
ic
h
c
on
sist
s
of
nea
rly
18
00
triple
s.
De
velo
ped
syst
em
fetches
triple
s
and
pe
rfo
r
m
s
analy
sis
by
us
in
g
SPA
R
QL
que
r
ie
s.
As
a
res
ult,
the
so
ci
al
gra
ph
is
est
ablis
he
d
by
exam
ining
t
he
relat
ionship
betwee
n
r
el
at
ed
triple
s
an
d
fina
ll
y
pr
esente
d
t
o
the
age
nt.
Figure
6
s
hows
the
T
riples
visua
li
zed
us
i
ng
G
ruff
To
ol
.
As
s
ho
w
n
in
Figure
6,
al
l
the
triple
s
whic
h
are
avail
ab
le
in
Alle
gr
oG
raph
are
bei
ng
m
app
ed
to
a
grap
h
vie
w.
RD
FS++
reasonin
g
is
enab
le
d
w
hich
helps
to
li
nk
s
ocial
relat
ion
s
hip
s
in
the
aca
dem
ic
co
m
m
u
nity
and
infe
r
new
or
add
it
io
nal f
act
s
.
Figure
6. Tr
i
ples v
is
ualiz
ed u
sing G
ruff T
ool
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
201
9
:
4
3
0
2
-
4
3
1
0
4308
Triples
w
hich
are
store
d
ca
n
be
us
e
d
to
pe
rfor
m
reaso
ni
ng
of
any
orde
r
,
from
a
si
m
p
l
e
SPA
R
QL
qu
e
ry
to
a
c
om
plex
SPA
RQ
L
sub
-
queries.
Fo
r
instance
,
s
uppose
we
wa
nt
to
li
st
al
l
the
te
a
m
m
e
m
be
rs
w
ho
hav
e
worked on
a p
r
oj
e
ct
entit
le
d
“B
had
ra
H
om
eop
at
hy” in o
ur
aca
dem
ic
netw
ork
with
out wr
it
in
g
any q
ue
ry.
It
is
po
ssi
ble
to
sel
ect
a
node
in
a
gr
a
ph
a
nd
li
st
al
l
the
lin
ke
d
or
c
onne
ct
ing
no
des
f
rom
it
.
In
this
case,
we
hav
e
sel
ect
ed
a
node
with
l
abel
‘B
hadra
Ho
m
eop
at
hy
’
and
m
ade
i
t
a
s
a
pri
m
ary
no
de
,
a
nd
t
he
r
esult
is
visu
al
iz
ed
in F
igure
7
. W
hile
in Figu
re
8
s
hown Tr
ee
for
m
at
r
ep
rese
ntati
on
of Tri
ples
.
Figure
7. Mo
de
l node
relat
ed deta
il
s expo
s
ed
Figure
8. Tree
form
at
r
epr
ese
ntati
on
of
tri
ples
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Impleme
nta
ti
on
of F
OAF, AI
I
SO an
d DO
A
P
on
t
ologies
…
(
Him
an
s
hu
A
hu
ja
)
4309
We
can
c
reate
SPA
R
QL
e
ndpoints
to
query
a
set
of
tri
ples
faster
f
or
f
utur
e
ref
e
ren
ces
as
visu
al
iz
ed
in
Fig
ure
8.
A
SPA
R
QL
e
ndpoint
al
lo
ws
us
to
pe
rfo
rm
a
qu
ery
on
the
av
ai
la
ble
knowle
dg
e
ba
se
a
nd
r
esults
are
dis
play
ed
in
m
achine
-
rea
dab
le
f
orm
at
s.
As
a
pa
rt
of
a
n
academ
ic
netwo
rk,
it
is
possible
for
an
a
gen
t
t
o
hav
e
an
RD
F
do
c
um
ent
store
d
in
a
cl
oud
or
a
rem
ote
m
achine.
Ra
the
r
than
pr
ov
i
ding
the
sam
e
inf
or
m
at
ion
and
ge
ner
at
in
g
ano
t
her
R
DF
do
c
um
ent,
the
agen
t
ca
n
uplo
ad
the
RD
F
do
cum
ent
and
us
e
it
no
rm
al
ly
lik
e
it
is
par
t
of the
c
urr
ent syst
em
.
Dev
el
op
m
ent
of
t
he
propose
d
syst
em
with
the
hel
p
of
a
va
il
able
Sem
antic
te
chnolo
gies
will
resu
lt
i
n
exp
a
ndin
g
t
he
academ
ic
netwo
r
k
a
nd b
ene
fit
the
aca
dem
ic
com
m
un
it
y.
This
a
ppro
ac
h
w
il
l
help
us
to
buil
d
a
n
insti
tuti
on
al
ba
sed
netw
ork
w
her
e
r
esearc
he
rs,
sc
ho
la
rs,
st
ud
e
nts,
facu
lt
i
es
or
a
ny
relat
ed
age
nts
base
d
on
their
m
utu
al
interest
s,
dom
ain
s,
s
ubje
ct
s,
a
nd
pro
j
ect
s
ca
n
w
ork
colla
borati
vely
,
yi
el
d
po
sit
ive
res
ul
ts,
gai
n
m
utu
al
l
y and r
esult i
n
a
b
et
te
r
academ
ic
co
nnect
ion.
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
This
p
a
per
presents
a
sem
a
ntic
web
-
bas
e
d
ap
plica
ti
on
for
the
acade
m
ic
co
m
m
un
ity
to
exp
re
ss
academ
ic
achievem
ents,
pr
oj
ect
s,
publica
ti
on
s
,
an
d
pe
rsonal
inf
or
m
at
io
n
in
RDF
f
orm
at
.
Pr
esenti
ng
data
in
W3
C
reco
m
m
end
e
d
form
at
pro
vid
es
se
veral
ben
e
fits.
RDF
do
c
um
ent
is
m
achine
r
eadab
le
a
nd
c
an
be
processe
d
a
nd
inter
pr
et
ed
by
bo
t
h
hu
m
ans
a
nd
m
achines.
A
n
e
xte
ns
ible
num
ber
of
ontol
ogie
s
an
d
vo
ca
bula
ries
w
ere
us
e
d
in
the
dev
el
op
m
ent
of
this
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
helpe
d
to
pr
ese
nt
the
aca
dem
ic
details
i
n
the
form
of
triple
s.
Lat
er,
they
wer
e
store
d
in
a
TripleSto
re
na
m
ed
Alle
gr
oG
r
aph
a
nd
we
re
f
ur
t
her
analy
ze
d
an
d
processe
d
to
in
fer
new
facts,
i
nfor
m
at
ion
an
d
ge
nerat
e
a
re
la
ti
on
sh
i
p
grap
h
am
on
g
se
veral
agen
ts.
On
t
ol
og
ie
s
and
voca
bu
la
ri
es
ena
ble
us
t
o
re
us
e
a
nd
s
har
e
a
vaila
ble
knowle
dg
e
a
m
on
g
seve
ral
agen
ts
.
T
his
r
esearch
ta
rg
et
ed
s
pecif
ic
al
ly
to
the
academ
ic
co
m
m
un
it
y
to
sh
owcase
ho
w
Se
m
antic
Techn
ol
og
ie
s
can
be
us
e
d
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
a
cadem
ic
exp
er
ie
nce
am
on
g
sever
al
insti
tut
ion
s
.
The
pro
po
s
ed
syst
em
will
help
to
buil
d
a
netw
ork
betwe
en
seve
ral
age
nts
of
the
insti
tuti
on
based
on
their
researc
h
do
m
ai
ns
,
inter
est
s
and
pro
j
ec
ts
they
hav
e
wo
rk
e
d o
n,
et
c.
;
w
hich
will
r
esult i
n
be
tt
er
colla
borat
ion
betwee
n
a
ge
nts a
nd g
ai
n m
utu
al
b
enef
it
s.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
"Tim
Berne
rs
-
L
ee
,
"
W
3.
org
,
20
18.
[Online
]
.
A
vai
l
abl
e
:
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.
w3.org/
People
/
Be
rne
rs
-
Lee/.
[Ac
ce
ss
ed:
2
3
-
Dec
-
2018]
.
[2]
"W
eb
1.
0
vs
We
b
2.
0
vs
W
eb
3.
0
vs
W
eb
4.
0
vs
W
eb
5.
0
–
A
bird’s
e
y
e
on
the
evol
ut
ion
a
nd
def
ini
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ne]
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Availa
ble
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htt
ps:
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atw
orl
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om
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ini
t
io
n/.
[Ac
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ss
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3
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d
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sk
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ust an
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ant
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ed
ings o
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t
he
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enty
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AF
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"
in
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roce
edi
ngs
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f
th
e
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l
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waii
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ec
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"
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2013
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37
th
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al
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ign
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l
etin
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e
ct
ri
ca
l
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in
ee
ring a
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matic
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h
y
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"
2017
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rnat
ion
al
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renc
e
on
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le
c
tric
al
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n
e
ering,
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ant
ic
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ec
hno
l
og
y
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in
2013
I
EE
E
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th
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renc
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In
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V
ol.
9
, N
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5
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Oct
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201
9
:
4
3
0
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-
4
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4310
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Him
anshu
Ahuj
a
is
a
rese
ar
ch
schola
r
pursuing
his
Master
of
Com
pute
r
Applicati
ons
(MCA
)
in
CHRIS
T
(Dee
m
ed
to
be
Uni
ver
sit
y
)
Bangal
ore
.
In
2015,
h
e
recei
ved
h
is
bac
he
lor’s
in
computer
appl
i
c
at
ions
(BCA)
from
Presidency
C
oll
eg
e
Banga
lor
e
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
re
sts
are
i
n
Socia
l
Networki
ng,
Sem
ant
i
c
W
eb,
and
Onto
logies.
ahuj
a
.
himanshu@
m
ca
.
chr
istun
i
ver
sit
y
.
in
Dr.
Sivakumar
R.
is
an
Associ
a
te
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
rtment
o
f
Com
pute
r
Scie
nce
,
CHRIS
T
(
Dee
m
ed
to
be
Univer
sit
y
)
.
He
has
a
te
ac
h
in
g
and
rese
arc
h
expe
ri
ence
of
17
y
ears
.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
st
s
are
in
Com
put
er
Networks
and
Secur
ity
,
Int
ern
et
of
Th
ings
(Io
T)
and
W
eb
Engi
ne
eri
ng.
sivakumar.
r@
ch
ristuni
ver
sit
y
.
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.