Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
6, N
o
. 3
,
Ju
n
e
201
6, p
p
. 1
106
~ 11
11
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v6
i
3.9
423
1
106
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
A Novel CPW L
o
w Cost
L
o
wpass Filter In
tegratin
g P
eri
od
ic
Structures
F
o
ua
d
Ay
to
una
1
, Ja
ma
l
Z
b
ito
u
2
,
Mo
ha
med
Ag
ho
ut
an
e
1
,
N
a
i
m
a
Am
ar
T
o
uh
ami
1
,
Abdelwahed Triba
k
3
, Mohamed
Latrac
h
4
1
S
I
T Labor
ator
y/F
S
,
Abdelm
alek
Es
s
aadi
Univers
i
t
y
,
Te
touan
,
M
o
rocco
2
LMEET
Labo
r
a
to
y/
F
S
T
S
,
Hassan 1s
t Unive
r
sit
y
,
Set
t
at
,
Moroc
c
o
3
M
i
crowave g
r
o
up, INP
T
,
Rab
a
t,
M
o
rocco
4
Microwave g
r
o
up, ESEO
, Angers, France
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Ja
n 20, 2016
Rev
i
sed
Mar
16
, 20
16
Accepted
Mar 30, 2016
In this work, we propose a nov
el design of a p
l
anar CPW lowpass “LPF”
filte
r based
on t
h
e use of p
e
riod
ic stru
ctures.
Th
e per
i
odic
ce
lls
are form
e
d
from a rectangular slot repeated periodica
lly
. Th
e originality
of this work is
to develop
a new LPF structure which is
sim
p
le,
low cost for fab
r
ica
tion and
eas
y
to
associate with
others
microw
ave planar
cir
c
uits. Th
e pr
oposed and
valid
ated LP
F
is
a com
p
act planar fi
lter s
t
ru
cture
.
The fin
a
l
circui
t is
simulated and o
p
timized b
y
using two
elec
tro
m
agnetic s
o
lv
er
s
,
advanc
ed
design s
y
stem (ADS) and high
freque
ncy
structural simulator (HFSS
)
. A
f
ter
m
a
n
y
series of
optim
izat
ion we have valid
ated th
e final
circu
it int
o
simulation b
y
u
s
ing optimizatio
n methods
integrated in
to the b
o
th solvers,
taking in
to acco
unt a high density
of
meshing in order to cover
the whole
circu
it.
The fabricated LPF ci
rcu
it shows good agreemen
t between
simulation and measurement results in
term of
matchi
ng input impedance
and insert
ion los
s
with a cut-off f
r
e
quenc
y of 1
.
25
GHz. The
entir
e
area of
the
proposed LPF is
35x31 mm
2
.
Keyword:
Com
p
act plana
r
CPW
Lowp
ass filter
Periodic struct
ure
Rectangular sl
ot
Copyright ©
201
6 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Fou
a
d A
y
touna,
SIT Laborat
o
ry/FS,
Abdelm
alek Essaadi
Uni
v
ersit
y
,
Av Ichb
ilia Ru
e 4
Derb A
Res. Yassm
in
a Bl
o
c
B
1
ere
Et
g
N
°
2
,
Tet
oua
n,
M
o
r
o
cco
Em
ail: aytouna
2002@gm
a
il.com
1.
INTRODUCTION
Lowp
ass filters (LPFs) h
a
v
e
b
e
en
wid
e
ly
u
s
ed
in
R
F
and
m
i
cro
w
av
e
ap
p
lication
s
[1]-[8
]. LPFs
base
d o
n
C
P
W t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
ha
ve bee
n
s
t
udi
ed
an
d e
x
pl
oi
t
e
d e
x
t
e
n
s
i
v
el
y
as a ke
y
bl
oc
k i
n
m
ode
r
n
co
mm
u
n
i
catio
n
system
as t
h
e techn
o
l
o
g
i
es o
f
satellite syste
m
s,
m
o
b
ile co
mm
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
, etc. C
o
m
p
ac
t
desi
g
n
,
l
o
w i
n
s
e
rt
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
pa
ssba
n
d
an
d
sha
r
p
re
ject
i
o
n i
n
t
h
e st
op
ba
n
d
ar
e re
qui
re
d.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
,
w
e
pr
opo
se a
no
v
e
l lowp
ass f
i
lter
b
a
sed
on
CPW
techno
logy [
9
]-
[12
]
w
ith su
ppr
ession
o
f
sup
e
rio
r
s resp
on
se. Th
e
n
e
w LPF is co
m
p
act an
d ha
v
e
min
i
atu
r
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
. Th
e sugg
ested filter
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
an at
t
e
nuat
i
o
n
of -
4
4.
70
dB
i
n
t
h
e reject
i
o
n b
a
nd
. To
desi
g
n
such ci
rc
ui
t
w
e
can fi
n
d
m
a
n
y
t
echni
qu
es l
i
k
e t
h
e
st
eppe
d i
m
ped
a
nce
[1
3]
,
ope
n st
ubs
[
1
4]
, l
u
m
p
ed el
em
ent
[1
5]
, et
c.
To desi
gn s
u
c
h
LPF ci
rc
ui
t
,
we ha
ve use
d
t
h
e t
echni
que
of i
n
se
rt
i
o
n of
peri
o
d
i
c
st
ruc
t
ure. I
n
t
h
i
s
wo
rk
, we ha
ve
used t
h
e rect
a
n
g
u
l
a
r sl
ot
as t
h
e peri
odi
c *
s
t
r
uct
u
re;
t
h
e di
m
e
nsi
ons
of t
h
i
s
cel
l were opt
im
i
zed
in
to
sim
u
latio
n
.
Th
e
fo
llowing sectio
n
s
will p
r
esen
t th
e differen
t
step
s
fo
llowed
to
desig
n
and
to
si
m
u
late th
e
p
r
op
o
s
ed
lowp
ass filter, and
at th
e end
a co
m
p
aris
o
n
b
e
tween
simu
latio
n
an
d
m
easu
r
em
en
t resu
lts is
di
scuss
e
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
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A No
vel CPW
Lo
w C
o
st Lo
w
p
a
s
s Filter In
teg
r
a
t
i
n
g Periodic S
t
ru
ct
u
r
es (
F
ou
ad
Ayt
o
una
)
1
107
2.
D
E
SIGN
PROC
EDUR
E
Fi
rst
l
y
, we
ha
v
e
desi
gne
d a
5
0
Ohm
C
P
W
l
i
ne
desi
g
n
e
d
by
usi
n
g
t
h
e
fol
l
o
wi
n
g
e
quat
i
o
ns
[
16]
:
Fi
gu
re
1.
C
o
pl
anar
wa
ve
gui
d
e
(C
P
W
)
l
i
n
e [
16]
Th
er
e ar
e fo
ur
g
e
o
m
etr
i
c p
a
r
a
meter
s
: th
e G
a
p
G
,
t
h
e co
nducto
r
w
i
d
t
h
W
,
metal th
ick
n
e
ss t and
t
h
e su
bstr
ate
t
h
i
c
kne
ss
d.
T
h
e c
h
aract
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
im
pedance
and
t
h
e
ef
fectiv
e
p
e
rm
it
tiv
it
y are
g
i
v
e
n
ap
pro
x
i
m
a
tl
y b
e
lo
w:
Effectiv
e p
e
rmittiv
ity
(1
)
whe
r
e:
Characteristic Im
pedance
(2
)
wh
ere K(k)
is a
co
m
p
lete
elli
p
tical
fun
c
tion
o
f
th
e first k
i
nd
. We h
a
v
e
;
(3
)
and
if
0 <
k <
0.707
(4)
if
0.
707 <
k <
1
(5)
The C
P
W
o
ffe
res m
a
ny
adva
nt
ages
,
whi
c
h i
n
cl
u
d
e t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
wi
ng:
It can work t
o
extrem
ely high fre
quencies
(100 GHz
or m
o
re).
Go
o
d
ci
rcui
t
i
s
ol
at
i
on ca
n be
achi
e
ve
d usi
n
g
a C
P
W
.
M
a
ny
exam
pl
es of h
i
gh
-i
sol
a
t
i
o
n R
F
swi
t
c
hes
hav
e
use
d
a
gr
o
u
n
d
e
d
C
P
W t
o
get
60
dB
i
s
ol
at
i
o
n
o
r
m
o
re.
After th
e
v
a
lidatio
n
in
to
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
50
oh
m
CPW
line in
ter
m
o
f
retu
rn
lo
ss and
insertio
n
loss,
w
e
h
a
v
e
co
nducted
a second
stu
d
y
to
ch
ang
e
th
e b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
of th
is lin
e an
d
t
o
g
e
n
e
rate a rej
ect b
a
nd
p
e
rmittin
g
t
h
e achi
e
vem
e
nt
o
f
a
LPF
.
T
h
e
pr
o
pose
d
st
ruct
ure i
s
ba
se
d
of the i
n
tegration
of three c
o
upled line ass
o
ciate
d
t
o
t
h
e C
P
W
g
r
o
u
nd
pl
a
n
e.
S
o
t
o
ad
j
u
st
t
h
e
ba
nd
wi
dt
h a
n
d t
h
e
st
o
p
ban
d
we
have
i
n
s
e
rt
ed a
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
zed
rectangula
r
slot structure
re
peated
along
the two coup
led lin
es
with
th
e
centre
d
line
.
T
h
ere
f
ore, after m
a
ny
step
s
o
f
op
timi
zatio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
Mo
m
e
n
t
u
m
in
teg
r
ated
in ADS,
we
h
a
ve
v
a
lid
ated
i
n
to
sim
u
latio
n th
e
p
r
op
o
s
ed
C
P
W
L
PF de
pi
ct
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
re
2,
t
h
e opt
i
m
i
z
ed param
e
t
e
rs
are prese
n
t
e
d
i
n
Tabl
e 1.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
11
0
6
– 11
11
1
108
This filter is m
ounted on a
n
FR4 s
u
bstrat
e havi
ng a thi
c
kne
ss of 1.6m
m
,
a dielectr
i
c perm
ittivity
an
d lo
ss tang
en
t
.
Aft
e
r t
h
i
s
val
i
d
a
t
i
on,
we
have
con
d
u
ct
ed a
n
ot
her st
udy
by
u
s
i
ng a
3
D
el
ect
rom
a
gnet
i
c
sol
v
er t
o
t
a
k
e
i
n
t
o
acc
o
unt
t
h
e di
m
e
nsi
ons
of
su
bst
r
at
e,
b
y
con
s
eq
ue
nt
;
we
have
l
a
u
n
c
h
ed
t
h
e
si
m
u
l
a
t
i
on
of
t
h
e
sa
m
e
LPF
ci
rcui
t
by
usi
n
g HFS
S
sl
o
v
e
r
.
Fig
u
re
2
.
Geometry o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
l
o
wp
ass filter
Tab
l
e
1
.
Valu
es of th
e d
i
fferen
t
p
a
ram
e
ters o
f
th
e
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss filter
Para
m
e
ters
Valu
es
(
m
m
)
Ws
Ls
W1
L1
W2
L2
L3
a
b
31
53
3
7.
5
1
31
3.
5
1
2
As sho
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
re
3
,
we
h
a
v
e
a
go
od
ag
reem
en
t b
e
tween
ADS and
HFSS.
Th
e lowp
ass
filter
prese
n
t
s
a c
u
t
-
of
f f
r
eq
ue
ncy
equal
t
o
1.
2
5
G
H
z wi
t
h
a
return
lo
ss m
o
re aro
und
-1
2d
B in
th
e wh
o
l
e
b
a
ndwid
t
h
with
an
inserti
o
n lo
ss less th
an
-0.5d
B
.
Fi
gu
re
3.
S-
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
res vers
u
s
fr
eq
ue
ncy
o
f
t
h
e de
si
g
n
ed
fi
l
t
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
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A No
vel CPW
Lo
w C
o
st Lo
w
p
a
s
s Filter In
teg
r
a
t
i
n
g Periodic S
t
ru
ct
u
r
es (
F
ou
ad
Ayt
o
una
)
1
109
f =
1GH
z
f
=
2.
5
G
H
z
Fi
gu
re
4.
Pre
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
cu
rre
nt
di
st
ri
b
u
t
i
o
n
at
1G
Hz a
n
d at
2.
3
GHz
To st
u
d
y
t
h
e cur
r
ent
di
st
ri
but
i
on al
o
ng t
h
i
s
LPF st
ruct
ure
,
Fi
gu
re 4 p
r
ese
n
t
s
t
w
o cu
rre
nt
di
st
ri
but
i
o
n,
one i
n
t
h
e ba
n
d
wi
dt
h at
1 G
H
z an
d an
ot
h
e
r at
2.5
GHz
i
n
t
h
e reject
e
d
ba
nd
whi
c
h
con
f
i
r
m
t
h
e oprat
i
o
n
freq
u
e
n
c
y b
a
nd
s o
f
th
e proposed
filter.
3.
FABRI
C
ATI
O
N A
N
D
ME
AS
URE
MEN
T
S
In
t
h
is p
a
rt we will in
trodu
ce th
e m
easu
r
emen
t resu
lts of t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
LPF.
As sh
own
in
Figu
re 5,
th
e fi
n
a
l CPW
filter is fab
r
icated
presen
ting
an
area
o
f
35x3
1 mm
2
. Th
e t
e
st o
f
th
is ci
rcu
it is don
e
b
y
u
s
ing
a
VNA
fro
m
R&S asso
iciated
t
o
3
.
5
mm
calib
ratio
n Kit.
Fig
u
re
5
.
Ph
o
t
o
g
rap
h
of te
fab
r
icated
low pass
Filter
As di
pect
ed i
n
Fi
gu
re
6, we
have
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
a
good agreement betwee
n m
easurem
ent and the
bot
h
electro
m
a
g
n
e
tic so
lvers. Th
e
fabricated
filter presen
ts a cu
t
t
-o
ff
frequ
en
cy
at -3d
B
equ
a
l
to
1.25
GHz,
with
a
g
ood
rej
ection
.
Th
e insertion lo
ss in
t
h
e b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
is arro
und
– 0.3
d
B
. Th
e
fin
a
l stru
cture is a low cost,
co
m
p
act, su
itab
l
e an
d easy
fo
r in
tegration
with
p
a
ssi
v
e
an
d actif RF ci
rcu
its, it can
b
e
u
s
ed
for sev
e
ral
appl
i
cat
i
o
ns
of
wi
rel
e
ss
com
m
uni
cat
i
ons.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
IJEC
E
V
o
l
.
6,
No
. 3,
J
u
ne 2
0
1
6
:
11
0
6
– 11
11
1
110
Fig
u
re
6
.
S-p
a
ra
m
e
ter o
f
sim
u
latio
n
and
m
easu
r
em
en
t resu
lts of th
e low
p
a
ss filter
4.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Th
is wo
rk
comes with
a n
e
w con
f
i
g
uration
of a
pla
n
ar
LPF structure base
d on the
use of CPW
tech
no
log
y
and
p
e
riod
ic stru
ctures illu
strated
in
th
e use o
f
rectan
gu
lar slo
t
s p
e
rmit
tin
g
to
adju
st th
e
ban
d
w
i
d
t
h
a
n
d
t
h
e reject
i
o
n
l
e
vel
.
The
des
i
gn
pr
oced
u
r
es were
b
a
sed
on
th
e use of sev
e
ral op
tim
iz
atio
n
m
e
thods inte
grated into ADS
and als
o
we
have take
n
into
account a hi
gh
m
e
sh density to cover the
whol
e
circu
it.Th
e final p
r
opo
sed
filter can
b
e
used
for GSM and
oth
e
rs m
i
cro
w
av
e app
licatio
n
s
h
a
nd
ling
low lev
e
l
s
o
f
p
o
wer. Th
e
meth
o
d
o
l
og
y fo
llo
wed
in
th
is stu
d
y
can
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
tch
th
e LPF filter to
ano
t
h
e
r frequ
en
cy
ban
d
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
We ha
ve t
o
t
h
ank
Pr
. M
.
La
t
r
ach a
nd
hi
s r
e
s
earch Team
RF&
Microwa
v
e in E
S
EO
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
in
stitu
te in
Ang
e
rs i
n
Fran
ce for all th
e sup
port b
r
ou
gh
t
to
ou
r
research
stud
ies b
y
perm
i
ttin
g
u
s
t
o
u
s
e
El
ect
rom
a
gnet
i
c
sol
v
ers
an
d e
qui
pm
ent
s
.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Rahim
i
an A.
, “
M
odeling
and
Perform
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Microwave
an
d Millim
e
t
er-W
ave
La
ye
red
W
a
veguid
e
Filters
,
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Ad
va
nced
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g and Si
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urnal (
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Zhu L
.
and
W
u
K., “
C
har
act
eri
zat
ion of f
i
nit
e
-
g
round
CPW
react
ive ser
i
es-co
nnect
ed e
l
em
ent
s
for innovat
i
v
e
design of unip
l
anar M(H) MICs,”
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.
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S
o
r J
.,
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,
“
M
iniature low-
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F
a
n Y
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et al.
, “
A
4th-order S
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a
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p
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a
gaw
a
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[7]
Lev
y
R.
,
et
al
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,
“
D
es
ign of m
i
crowave fil
t
ers
,
”
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ave T
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eory and Techn
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[8]
Hsieh L. H. and
Chang K., “Compact
elliptic-fun
c
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s
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[9]
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ani O.
an
d Reza
ee A
., “
D
es
ign, S
i
m
u
lat
i
on and Cons
tru
c
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as
s
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i
crowave F
i
l
t
e
rs
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i
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r microstrip lines b
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e coupled mode
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EEE M
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ECE
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Lo
w C
o
st Lo
w
p
a
s
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teg
r
a
t
i
n
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ru
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u
r
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ou
ad
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r J
.,
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c
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Fouad A
y
touna
was born in Beni Rz
ine, Morocco, In 1978. He r
ece
ived th
e Maitrise of Sciene
and techn
i
que d
e
gree in IEEA from Abdelmalek
Essaadi University
, Tangier
, Morocco,
in 2002.
He receiv
e
d a M
a
s
t
er degre
e
in E
l
ec
tronic and T
e
l
ecom
m
unication
from
the Abdel
m
alek Es
s
aadi
University
,
Tetu
an, Morocco, in
2010. Actually
,
he
is a Ph.D student degr
ee
in
Electronic and
Tel
ecom
m
unicat
ion from
the A
bdelm
alek
Es
s
a
adi Unive
r
s
i
t
y
,
Tetu
an, M
o
roc
c
o
. His
res
e
arch
inter
e
sts include
the
analy
s
is
and
design of micro
wave planar
filters and p
e
riodic s
t
ructur
es.
Jamal Zbitou was born in Fes, Morocco, in J
une 1976. He received th
e Ph.D. degree in
electronics from Poly
tech of Nantes, the Univ
er
si
ty
of Nantes,
Nantes, France,
in 2005. He is
current
l
y
an as
s
o
cia
t
e P
r
ofes
s
o
r of Elect
ronics
i
n
F
S
T
, Univers
i
t
y
Has
s
a
n 1s
t, S
e
tt
at, M
o
roc
c
o
and th
e h
ead o
f
Computing Networks and tel
ecommunication in LMEET Labo
rator
y
in FSTS.
He is involved
in the design of
h
y
brid
, monol
ithic activ
e and
passive microwave electronic
circu
its.
Mohamed Aghoutane was born
in Taounate, Morooco,
in
Octob
e
r 1956. He
received th
e Ph.D.
degree
in ph
y
s
ics sciences from liege Univers
i
ty
,
lieg
e, Belgu
i
m, in 1994. He is currently
an
as
s
o
ciat
e P
r
ofes
s
o
r of Elec
troni
cs
in Abdelm
ale
k
Es
s
aadi Unive
r
s
i
t
y
, T
e
touan
,
M
o
rocco, He is
involved
in
Electronic
and
Telecomunications.
Mohamed Latrach (IEEE me
m
b
er) rec
e
iv
ed the
P
h
.D. degre
e
in
ele
c
troni
cs
from
the Univers
i
t
y
of Limoges, Limoges, France,
in
1990. He is
curr
ently
Professor
of microwave
en
gineer
ing with
the Eco
l
e S
upéri
eure d’El
ec
troni
que de l’Oues
t (ES
E
O), Angers
, F
r
ance, wher
e he is
head of the
Radio-Frequen
c
y
&
Microwav
e research
group. His
research
interests include: d
e
sign of h
y
brid
& m
onolithi
c
a
c
tiv
e and
passiv
e
m
i
crowav
e c
i
rcuits,
m
e
tam
a
t
e
rials,
LH m
a
t
e
ri
als,
ant
e
nnas,
rect
ennas
and th
eir app
lic
ations
in wirel
e
s
s
communications,
an
d wireless power transmission
(WPT).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.