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Hig
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W
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1
4
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,
in
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al
r
ela
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
in
t
h
e
r
ela
y
d
esti
n
at
io
n
li
n
k
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
t
h
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
First,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
r
ela
y
’
s
C
h
an
n
el
Sta
te
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
(
C
SI)
w
o
u
ld
b
e
k
n
o
w
n
to
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
[
1
4
]
,
o
r
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
,
t
h
e
r
ela
y
w
o
u
l
d
tr
an
s
m
it t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
’
s
s
i
g
n
al
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
its
q
u
alit
y
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
a
s
tes t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
h
al
f
-
d
u
p
le
x
r
ela
y
i
n
g
.
Fix
ed
r
ela
y
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
o
n
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
i
n
w
h
ich
a
p
r
e
-
d
et
er
m
in
is
tic
m
an
n
er
g
o
v
er
n
s
t
h
e
r
ela
y
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
i
n
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
ese
m
e
th
o
d
s
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
b
u
t
th
e
y
d
o
n
’
t
u
tili
ze
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ef
f
ic
ien
t
l
y
.
Am
p
li
f
y
-
a
n
d
-
Fo
r
w
ar
d
(
AF)
an
d
th
e
D
F
r
ela
y
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
w
er
e
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
[
1
6
-
2
6
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
in
[
2
7
,
2
8
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
er
iv
ed
t
h
e
B
E
R
a
n
d
t
h
e
OP
o
f
R
a
y
lei
g
h
ch
an
n
el
s
w
i
th
A
F
f
ix
ed
r
ela
y
i
n
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
A
F
r
ela
y
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
a
s
s
tu
d
ied
in
ter
m
s
o
f
OP
an
d
s
y
m
b
o
l e
r
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
(
SEP
)
in
[
2
9
]
.
A
s
af
o
r
e
m
en
t
io
n
ed
,
th
e
u
t
iliz
atio
n
o
f
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
is
lo
w
i
n
f
i
x
ed
r
ela
y
i
n
g
,
t
h
u
s
,
I
n
cr
e
m
en
ta
l
R
ela
y
in
g
(
I
R
)
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
m
o
d
er
n
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
e
th
e
r
elay
o
n
l
y
w
h
e
n
n
ee
d
ed
,
th
u
s
e
n
h
an
ce
s
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
A
s
an
ap
p
licatio
n
,
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
3
0
,
3
1
]
h
av
e
s
tu
d
ied
a
D
F
-
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
o
n
e
r
ela
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el.
As
f
o
r
th
eir
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
,
th
e
y
d
er
iv
ed
f
o
r
m
u
las
f
o
r
th
e
B
E
R
a
n
d
th
e
OP
.
A
u
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
3
2
,
3
3
]
h
av
e
d
er
iv
ed
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
s
f
o
r
th
e
B
E
R
a
n
d
t
h
e
OP
o
f
a
t
w
o
-
h
o
p
DF
-
I
R
v
ia
Na
k
ag
a
m
i
-
m
a
n
d
m
i
x
ed
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
els
w
it
h
e
x
is
te
n
ce
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
L
eq
u
al
i
n
t
er
f
er
er
s
p
lace
d
clo
s
e
to
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
f
u
ll
e
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
a
DF
-
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
d
u
e
to
Na
k
ag
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
in
g
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
o
m
e
L
u
n
iq
u
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
p
lace
d
n
ea
r
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
.
A
s
u
m
o
f
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
ab
le
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
R
a
y
lei
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les
i
s
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
ese
n
t
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
i
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
s
p
ec
if
ic,
w
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
ex
a
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
ela
y
-
b
ase
d
DF
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
Na
k
ag
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el
s
w
it
h
d
is
ti
n
g
u
is
h
ab
l
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
n
ea
r
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
P
r
eli
m
i
n
ar
y
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
3
4
]
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
b
u
llet p
o
in
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
:
1.
C
o
m
i
n
g
i
n
to
b
o
th
th
e
C
u
m
u
lativ
e
Dis
tr
ib
u
ted
F
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
D
en
s
ity
F
u
n
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
o
f
th
e
s
p
o
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
Si
g
n
al
to
I
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
R
atio
(
SIR
)
at
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
er
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
i
n
f
o
r
m
u
la
tin
g
t
h
e
B
E
R
an
d
th
e
OP
.
2.
A
tta
in
i
n
g
ti
g
h
t
f
o
r
m
u
la
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
B
E
R
a
n
d
OP
w
i
th
t
h
e
ex
i
s
te
n
ce
o
f
s
e
v
er
al
L
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ab
le
in
ter
f
er
er
s
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
-
i
n
ter
f
er
e
r
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
ar
e
ass
u
m
e
d
to
b
e
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
u
n
iq
u
e
a
n
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
R
a
y
lei
g
h
r
a
n
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
f
o
r
m
ed
as
t
h
e
f
o
l
lo
w
i
n
g
;
Sectio
n
2
d
is
p
la
y
s
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el.
Sec
tio
n
3
h
as
th
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
t
h
e
d
er
iv
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
B
E
R
a
n
d
OP
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
.
Sectio
n
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
w
i
th
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
.
I
n
th
e
en
d
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
is
w
o
r
k
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
in
g
le
ch
an
n
el
t
h
at
h
a
s
t
h
r
ee
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
;
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
ℎ
,
,
th
e
r
elay
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
ℎ
,
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
r
ela
y
ℎ
,
.
A
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
en
t
b
y
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
r
eq
u
es
tin
g
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
’
s
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
el
a
y
is
ca
lled
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
is
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
tr
ig
g
er
ed
,
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
r
ela
y
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
,
i
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
a
s
n
’
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
c
le
ar
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
i
m
e
s
lo
t.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
t
i
m
e
s
lo
t
,
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
ls
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ela
y
a
n
d
o
n
es
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
w
ill
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
at
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
m
ax
i
m
al
r
atio
co
m
b
in
er
(
MRC
)
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
.
An
ad
d
iti
v
e
w
h
ite
g
a
u
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
,
w
it
h
a
v
ar
ia
n
ce
eq
u
al
to
1
,
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
e
x
is
t
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ex
is
ts
a
n
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
n
o
d
e
alo
n
g
w
it
h
s
e
v
er
al
L
in
ter
f
er
er
s
n
ea
r
th
e
d
est
in
at
io
n
th
at
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
R
e
m
ar
k
ab
l
y
,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
li
n
k
s
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les
(
u
n
iq
u
e
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
t
h
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les
s
i
g
n
if
ies
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
h
o
ld
in
g
th
e
a
f
o
r
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
s
.
T
i
m
e
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
a
cc
ess
i
s
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ted
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
a
d
ec
is
io
n
is
m
ad
e
b
y
t
h
e
d
es
t
in
atio
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
eth
er
i
t
n
ee
d
s
a
r
ela
y
o
r
n
o
t.
I
f
t
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e
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ela
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i
s
n
o
t
n
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ed
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(
o
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v
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s
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cc
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s
f
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l
Dir
ec
t
T
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an
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m
is
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(
DT
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,
a
p
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b
ac
k
w
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d
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n
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ac
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o
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h
er
s
i
g
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al
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r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
ti
m
e
s
lo
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
1
6
-
5328
5318
Fig
u
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1
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p
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o
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(
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d
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ℎ
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(
1
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1
(
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(
1
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,
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,
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d
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1
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d
2
(
1
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ar
e
th
e
A
W
GN
s
y
m
b
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s
.
(
1
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r
ep
r
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ts
t
h
e
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ter
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ef
f
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t
s
in
t
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f
ir
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t ti
m
e
s
lo
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I
f
a
DT
w
as
n
o
t
ac
co
m
p
l
is
h
ed
,
a
n
e
g
ati
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e
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d
b
ac
k
i
s
s
e
n
t
b
y
t
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d
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n
to
w
ar
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,
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’
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elp
.
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e
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ec
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s
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ab
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in
eq
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at
ca
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b
e
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o
n
e
b
y
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p
r
ess
in
g
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h
e
d
esti
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tio
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’
s
r
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ig
n
al
i
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th
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d
t
i
m
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(
3
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:
,
(
2
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2
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+
3
(
2
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(
2
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(
3
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w
h
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(
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is
th
e
r
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’
s
r
e
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n
co
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ed
s
ig
n
al,
(
2
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is
th
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
’
ef
f
ec
t
s
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tim
e
s
lo
t.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
l
y
,
th
e
s
o
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r
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-
d
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ath
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s
o
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t
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en
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th
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p
ath
’
s
SN
R
v
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s
u
s
,
w
h
ic
h
s
ig
n
i
f
ies t
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
th
at
lets
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
h
a
n
d
le
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
’
s
s
ig
n
a
l f
r
o
m
t
h
e
DT
.
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE AN
AL
YS
I
S
W
e
b
y
p
as
s
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
is
e
a
t
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
n
o
u
r
an
al
y
s
is
;
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
n
o
t
c
o
m
p
ar
ab
le
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
s
,
w
e
w
ill
u
s
e
SIR
in
s
tead
o
f
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
-
an
d
-
n
o
i
s
e
-
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
te
x
t,
t
h
e
d
er
iv
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
esti
n
at
io
n
SIR
’
s
P
DF
a
n
d
C
DF
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
th
e
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
p
ath
s
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
3
.
1
.
P
DF
o
f
SI
R’
s
,
a
nd
,
T
h
e
SIR’
s
(
,
)
P
DF
in
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
lin
k
i
s
ca
lcu
lat
ed
as th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
,
(
,
)
=
(
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
[
,
,
−
1
(
,
+
,
)
+
1
]
=
1
(
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
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ev
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(
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Mis
ta
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5319
w
h
er
e
,
=
(
,
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is
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h
e
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u
m
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i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
.
T
h
e
SIR’
s
(
,
)
P
DF
in
th
e
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
li
n
k
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
as th
e
f
o
l
lo
w
i
n
g
:
,
(
,
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=
(
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
[
,
,
−
1
(
,
+
,
)
+
1
]
=
1
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
,
=
(
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
,
2
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,
2
is
u
s
ed
to
r
ef
er
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t.
P
r
o
o
f:
T
h
e
SNR
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
es
tin
atio
n
an
d
th
e
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
p
ath
s
,
,
an
d
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
ar
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tiall
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
f
ad
i
n
g
c
h
an
n
el
s
’
SNR
(
=
∑
=
1
)
is
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
u
n
iq
u
e
an
d
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
e
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
ial
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
SI
R
’
s
(
,
)
P
DF
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
as [
3
5
]
:
,
(
,
)
=
∫
,
(
,
)
(
)
∞
0
(
6
)
a
n
d
th
e
SI
R
’
s
(
,
)
P
DF is co
m
p
u
ted
as:
,
(
,
)
=
∫
,
(
,
)
(
)
∞
0
(
7
)
T
h
e
P
DFs
o
f
,
,
,
an
d
ar
e
d
en
o
ted
as:
,
(
,
)
=
,
−
1
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
Γ
(
)
(
−
,
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
,
,
>
0
(
8
)
,
(
,
)
=
,
−
1
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
Γ
(
)
(
−
,
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
,
,
>
0
(
9
)
(
)
=
∑
̅
̅
̅
̅
=
1
(
−
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
,
>
0
(
1
0
)
w
h
ile
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
SN
R
o
f
ea
c
h
d
esti
n
atio
n
-
i
n
ter
f
er
er
’
s
c
h
an
n
el
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
̅
̅
̅
.
I
n
teg
r
al
(
6
)
ca
n
b
e
s
o
l
v
e
d
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
[
3
6
,
(
3
.
3
5
1
.
3
)
]
to
g
et
th
e
P
DF
o
f
th
e
SIR
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
li
n
k
in
(
4
)
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
i
n
teg
r
al
(
7
)
is
s
o
l
v
ed
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
eq
u
atio
n
to
o
b
tain
th
e
SIR
’
s
P
DF o
f
th
e
r
ela
y
p
at
h
in
(
5
)
.
3
.
2
.
CDF
o
f
SI
R’
s
,
a
nd
,
T
h
e
SIR’
s
(
,
)
C
DF
in
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
lin
k
i
s
ca
lcu
lat
ed
as th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
,
(
,
)
=
(
−
1
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
(
,
,
)
1
(
+
1
,
;
+
1
;
−
,
,
)
2
=
1
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
SIR’
s
(
,
)
C
DF in
t
h
e
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
lin
k
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
as th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
,
(
,
)
=
(
−
1
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
(
,
,
)
1
(
+
1
,
;
+
1
;
−
,
,
)
2
=
1
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
1
(
,
;
;
)
2
is
t
h
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
H
y
p
er
g
eo
m
e
tr
ic
f
u
n
c
tio
n
[
3
6
]
.
P
r
o
o
f:
T
h
e
,
C
DF i
s
co
m
p
u
ted
as [
3
5
]
:
,
(
,
)
=
∫
,
(
)
,
0
(
1
3
)
w
h
er
e
,
(
)
is
g
iv
e
n
in
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
1
6
-
5328
5320
T
h
e
C
DF
o
f
,
is
estab
lis
h
e
d
b
y
tak
in
g
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
al
o
f
th
e
P
DF
o
f
,
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
5
)
as
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
,
(
,
)
=
∫
,
(
)
,
0
(
1
4
)
So
lv
i
n
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
al
s
i
n
(
1
3
)
an
d
(
1
4
)
u
s
i
n
g
[
3
6
,
(
3
.
1
9
4
.
1
)
]
,
th
e
t
ig
h
t
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
t
h
e
,
’s
C
DF
is
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
as
(
1
1
)
an
d
,
’
s
C
D
F is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
as
(
1
2
)
.
3
.
3
.
B
E
R
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
I
R
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
esig
n
ated
as
:
=
Pr
(
,
≤
)
×
(
)
+
(
1
−
Pr
(
,
≤
)
)
×
(
)
(
1
5
)
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
w
h
et
h
er
th
e
r
ela
y
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
h
elp
o
r
n
o
t,
(
1
5
)
en
clo
s
es
th
e
t
w
o
u
n
co
n
d
iti
o
n
al
B
E
R
ca
s
es.
Sp
ec
i
f
icall
y
,
(
1
5
)
’
s
s
ec
o
n
d
s
eg
m
e
n
t
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
B
E
R
w
h
e
n
th
e
d
es
t
in
at
io
n
r
el
ies
o
n
l
y
o
n
t
h
e
DT
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
eg
m
e
n
t
o
f
(
1
5
)
is
f
o
r
th
e
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
p
ath
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
ela
y
a
n
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
w
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
i
n
g
MRC
to
co
m
b
i
n
e
b
o
th
s
i
g
n
al
s
.
(
)
is
th
e
a
v
er
a
g
e
M
R
C
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
d
iv
er
s
it
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ath
s
:
s
o
u
r
ce
-
an
d
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
(
)
is
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
n
l
y
i
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
p
ath
.
(
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
)
=
∫
(
|
)
,
(
|
,
>
)
,
∞
0
(
1
6
)
w
h
er
e
(
|
)
is
t
h
e
co
n
d
itio
n
a
l
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
w
h
ic
h
eq
u
als
(
√
,
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
s
tellatio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
f
o
r
B
in
ar
y
P
h
a
s
e
S
h
i
f
t
Ke
y
i
n
g
(
B
P
SK)
,
=
1
=
2
,
f
o
r
M
-
P
SK,
=
1
=
2
s
in
(
)
2
a
n
d
f
o
r
M
-
Q
A
M,
=
4
=
3
(
−
1
)
an
d
(
)
=
1
√
2
∫
(
−
2
2
)
∞
i
s
th
e
Gau
s
ian
Q
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
,
(
|
,
>
)
is
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
al
P
DF
o
f
,
g
iv
e
n
th
a
t
,
is
ab
o
v
e
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
to
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
DT
is
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
w
h
ic
h
is
g
iv
en
a
s
:
,
(
|
,
>
)
=
{
0
,
≤
∑
=
1
,
[
,
−
1
(
,
+
,
)
+
1
]
,
≥
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e
=
(
)
!
[
Γ
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
!
∑
(
,
)
1
(
+
1
,
;
+
1
;
−
,
)
2
=
1
]
Th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ated
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
(
)
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
p
lacin
g
(
1
7
)
in
to
(
1
6
)
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
P
r
o
n
y
es
ti
m
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Q
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
it
h
[
3
6
,
(
3
.
3
5
3
.
1
)
]
,
an
d
it is
g
i
v
e
n
as:
(
)
=
∑
∑
=
1
,
∑
(
−
)
!
∞
=
0
2
=
1
×
[
−
(
+
)
!
∑
(
−
1
)
!
(
−
−
)
−
(
+
,
)
=
1
−
(
−
−
)
!
(
+
)
,
[
−
(
+
)
(
+
,
)
]
]
(
1
8
)
w
h
er
e
[
]
is
th
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
in
teg
r
a
l
f
u
n
ct
io
n
[
3
6
,
(
8
.
2
1
1
.
1
)
]
an
d
th
e
ter
m
s
an
d
ar
e
t
h
e
P
r
o
n
y
esti
m
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
F
u
ll
d
er
iv
atio
n
o
f
(
)
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
ap
p
en
d
ix
A
.
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
(
)
,
w
h
e
n
th
e
r
ela
y
is
h
elp
in
g
an
d
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
i
s
u
s
i
n
g
MR
C
,
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
+
(
1
−
(
)
)
(
)
(
1
9
)
w
h
er
e
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
ela
y
’
s
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
r
ela
y
p
ath
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
’
s
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
w
h
e
n
th
e
r
ela
y
d
ec
o
d
es
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
i
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
el
y
an
d
it
is
r
estricte
d
t
o
b
e
b
el
o
w
0
.
5
as
s
tated
in
[
2
1
]
.
(
)
is
th
e
d
es
tin
a
ti
o
n
’
s
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
w
h
en
t
h
e
r
ela
y
co
r
r
ec
tl
y
d
ec
o
d
es th
e
s
ig
n
a
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
erfo
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a
tio
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f d
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fo
r
w
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d
co
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p
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tive
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ity
s
ys
tems …
.
(
Ma
mo
u
n
F
.
A
l
-
Mis
ta
r
ih
i)
5321
T
h
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
(
1
−
(
)
)
in
d
icate
s
s
u
cc
ess
f
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l
d
ec
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elay
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it
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t th
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est
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atio
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w
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en
it u
s
es M
R
C
to
co
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i
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e
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o
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s
i
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n
als.
(
)
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
1
]
:
(
)
=
{
1
2
[
1
−
(
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
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(
2
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(
1
−
2
(
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
)
4
)
−
1
=
0
]
1
2
√
√
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
(
1
+
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
)
+
(
1
/
2
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Γ
(
+
1
2
)
Γ
(
+
1
)
×
1
2
(
1
,
+
1
2
;
+
1
;
(
+
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
)
)
(
2
0
)
w
h
er
e
(
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
2
)
≜
√
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
/
2
+
2
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
/
2
,
1
(
,
;
;
)
2
is
th
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
H
y
p
er
g
eo
m
etr
ic
f
u
n
c
tio
n
[
3
6
]
.
a
n
d
Γ
(
)
is
th
e
Ga
m
m
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
[
3
6
]
,
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
is
t
h
e
r
ela
y
’
s
a
v
er
ag
e
SN
R
i
n
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
r
ela
y
lin
k
.
(
)
is
ca
lcu
late
d
b
y
:
(
)
=
∫
(
|
,
≤
)
∞
0
(
√
)
(
2
1
)
w
h
er
e
=
,
+
,
.
Sin
ce
,
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
w
it
h
,
at
th
e
MRC
;
t
h
u
s
,
w
e
w
ill
cr
ea
te
a
v
io
latio
n
to
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
p
l
y
o
n
,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
,
(
)
w
ill b
e
g
i
v
e
n
as:
(
)
≈
∫
,
(
,
|
,
≤
)
∞
0
(
√
,
)
,
(
2
2
)
w
h
er
e
,
(
,
|
,
≤
)
=
,
(
,
)
=
(
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
[
,
,
−
1
(
,
+
,
)
+
1
]
=
1
(
2
3
)
ass
u
m
in
g
t
h
at
w
e
h
a
v
e
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
iab
les [
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
ted
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
(
)
is
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
s
o
lv
i
n
g
(
2
2
)
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
P
r
o
n
y
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Q
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
th
[
3
6
,
(
3
.
3
5
3
.
3
)
]
,
an
d
it is
g
i
v
en
as
:
(
)
≈
!
√
2
Γ
(
1
+
)
Γ
(
)
(
2
)
∑
(
,
)
−
=
1
1
,
3
3
,
2
(
2
,
|
−
,
1
−
,
1
2
−
0
,
−
)
(
2
4
)
w
h
er
e
,
,
(
|
)
is
th
e
Me
ij
er
G
f
u
n
c
tio
n
[
3
7
]
.
Fu
ll
d
er
iv
atio
n
o
f
(
)
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
ap
p
en
d
i
x
B
.
E
q
u
atio
n
s
(
2
4
)
,
(
2
0
)
an
d
(
1
8
)
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
ted
i
n
to
(
1
5
)
to
g
et
th
e
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
E
R
.
3
.
4
.
O
P
a
na
ly
s
is
T
w
o
ev
e
n
ts
ca
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
OP
o
f
th
e
I
R
;
w
h
en
th
e
DT
is
u
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l,
a
n
eg
ati
v
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
w
ill
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
r
elay
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
eq
u
est
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
’
s
s
ig
n
al
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
th
en
,
t
h
e
d
esti
n
at
io
n
w
ill
u
s
e
MRC
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ti
m
e
s
lo
t,
th
er
e’
s
s
til
l
a
ch
an
ce
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
to
b
e
in
o
u
ta
g
e
ev
e
n
if
t
h
e
r
ela
y
i
s
h
elp
i
n
g
,
an
d
th
at
i
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
t
w
o
co
m
b
in
ed
s
ig
n
als
SN
R
ar
e
b
elo
w
th
e
p
r
e
-
d
e
f
i
n
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
B
o
th
ev
en
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
R
’
s
OP
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
,
as th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
=
Pr
(
,
≤
)
×
[
min
(
,
,
,
+
,
≤
|
,
≤
)
]
=
(
,
≤
)
[
1
−
(
,
+
,
>
|
,
≤
)
]
×
(
,
>
|
,
≤
)
=
(
,
≤
)
×
[
1
−
(
,
≤
)
−
(
,
+
,
≤
)
(
,
≤
)
(
,
>
)
]
(
2
5
)
I
t
is
w
o
r
th
to
m
e
n
tio
n
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
t
w
o
OP
e
v
en
t
s
ar
e
co
n
ta
in
ed
in
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
m
in
(
•|
•)
,
i.e
.
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
is
th
e
r
ela
y
’
s
o
u
tag
e,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
s
i
g
n
i
f
ies
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
’
s
o
u
ta
g
e.
B
y
s
i
m
p
l
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
u
la,
w
e
g
et:
=
Pr
(
,
≤
)
Pr
(
,
≤
)
+
Pr
(
,
>
)
Pr
(
,
+
,
≤
)
(
2
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
5
3
1
6
-
5328
5322
W
h
en
t
h
e
r
ela
y
is
h
elp
in
g
,
t
h
e
MRC
is
u
s
ed
at
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
.
At
th
at
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
,
is
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
m
u
c
h
le
s
s
th
a
n
,
; b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
ec
ie
n
cie
s
o
f
t
h
e
DT
.
I
n
tu
i
tiv
e
l
y
,
t
h
i
s
lead
s
t
o
o
m
itti
n
g
,
f
r
o
m
(
2
6
)
w
h
ich
y
ield
s
to
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
ted
OP
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
,
as th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
≈
(
,
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
Γ
(
)
(
−
1
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
(
,
)
=
1
1
2
(
+
1
,
;
+
1
;
−
,
)
+
[
1
−
(
,
,
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
̅
)
Γ
(
)
]
(
−
1
)
!
Γ
(
)
∑
(
,
)
1
2
(
+
1
,
;
+
1
;
−
,
)
=
1
(
2
7
)
w
h
er
e
M=
L
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
s
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
γ
(
a,
b
)
is
th
e
I
n
co
m
p
lete
Ga
m
m
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
[
3
6
]
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
DF
-
I
R
s
y
s
t
e
m
in
Nak
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
f
ad
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
it
h
u
n
iq
u
e
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
n
ea
r
th
e
d
esti
n
at
io
n
is
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
.
Var
y
in
g
L
alo
n
g
w
it
h
an
d
in
ter
f
er
er
s
’
s
w
o
u
ld
i
m
p
ac
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
;
t
h
is
is
c
lar
if
ied
b
y
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
w
h
ich
p
ar
a
m
eter
h
a
s
a
f
f
ec
t
ed
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
o
r
e
s
e
v
er
el
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
alter
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
in
ter
f
e
r
er
s
u
s
i
n
g
m
=3
a
n
d
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
.
Fro
m
th
is
f
i
g
u
r
e,
if
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
al
u
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
,
th
e
n
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
B
E
R
w
ill
b
e
en
h
an
ce
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
alter
in
g
an
d
th
e
in
ter
f
er
er
s
’s
o
n
th
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
B
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
it
h
th
r
ee
in
ter
f
er
er
s
(
L
=3
)
an
d
f
ad
i
n
g
s
e
v
er
it
y
p
ar
a
m
et
er
m
=3
.
I
n
th
i
s
f
i
g
u
r
e,
i
f
th
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
a
lu
e
s
in
cr
ea
s
e,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
d
i
m
in
is
h
ed
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
,
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
(
=
1
0
d
B
,
1
=
7
d
B
,
2
=
1
0
d
B
an
d
3
=
1
3
d
B
)
w
ill
ac
t
w
o
r
s
e
t
h
an
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
(
=
1
0
d
B
,
1
=
2
d
B
,
2
=
5
d
B
an
d
3
=
7
d
B
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
E
R
f
o
r
B
P
SK m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
0
’
s
an
d
(
L
=3
,
m
=3
,
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
E
R
f
o
r
B
P
SK m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
in
ter
f
er
er
s
γ
’
s
a
n
d
,
(
L
=
m
=
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
ef
in
es
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
L
o
n
t
h
e
B
E
R
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
B
P
SK
u
s
i
n
g
m
=3
,
=1
0
d
B
,
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
.
Fr
o
m
t
h
is
f
i
g
u
r
e,
as
L
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
B
E
R
i
s
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
s
ev
er
el
y
d
eg
r
ad
ed
in
r
ef
lect
i
o
n
to
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
c
e.
T
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
is
,
w
e
s
a
y
,
f
o
r
a
10
−
2
B
E
R
,
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
(
L
=
1
)
is
b
e
tter
th
an
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
(
L
=3
)
b
y
(
1
7
d
B
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
B
E
R
a
g
ain
s
t
SN
R
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
v
a
lu
es
w
it
h
t
h
r
ee
d
esti
n
atio
n
-
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
a
n
d
=1
0
d
B
,
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
.
I
n
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
B
E
R
i
m
p
r
o
v
es,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
f
ad
in
g
s
ev
er
it
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
m
)
i
n
cr
ea
s
es.
T
o
s
h
o
w
t
h
is
,
w
e
s
a
y
,
f
o
r
a
10
−
2
B
E
R
,
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
(
m
=
4
)
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
(
m
=2
)
b
y
(
2
d
B
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
o
f d
e
co
d
e
a
n
d
fo
r
w
a
r
d
co
o
p
era
tive
d
ivers
ity
s
ys
tems …
.
(
Ma
mo
u
n
F
.
A
l
-
Mis
ta
r
ih
i)
5323
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
E
R
f
o
r
B
P
SK m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
(
L
=1
,
3
)
,
m
=3
,
=1
0
d
B
,
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
E
R
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
m
v
alu
es a
n
d
,
(
L
=
3
,
=1
0
d
B
,
1
=7
d
B
,
2
=1
0
d
B
,
an
d
3
=1
3
d
B
)
As
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates,
as
d
e
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
OP
w
il
l
b
e
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
g
i
v
en
t
h
at
t
h
e
OP
is
0
.
2
5
,
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
=1
3
d
B
w
o
u
ld
n
ee
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ab
o
u
t
6
d
B
t
o
ac
t
lik
e
an
o
th
er
o
n
e
w
it
h
=7
d
B
.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
r
h
ap
p
en
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
r
ea
s
o
n
;
as
d
ec
r
e
ases
,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
e
s
ti
n
atio
n
li
n
k
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
less
l
ik
el
y
in
o
u
ta
g
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
ela
y
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
li
n
k
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
b
e
u
s
ed
les
s
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
γ
’
s
o
n
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e,
o
n
e
ca
n
s
ee
th
at
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
(
=
1
0
d
B
,
1
=
1
0
d
B
,
2
=
1
3
d
B
an
d
3
=
1
5
d
B
)
w
ill
ac
t
w
o
r
s
e
t
h
an
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
(
=
1
0
d
B
,
1
=
2
d
B
,
2
=
5
d
B
an
d
3
=
7
d
B
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
OP
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
,
an
d
(
L
=1
,
m
=3
,
1
=
7
d
B
,
2
=
1
0
d
B
an
d
3
=
1
3
d
B
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
OP
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
in
ter
f
er
er
s
’
s
an
d
(
L
=
m
=3
,
=1
0
d
B
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
it
u
atio
n
w
h
er
e
w
e
g
o
t
s
e
v
er
al
i
n
ter
f
er
er
s
clo
s
e
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
;
clea
r
l
y
,
th
e
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
i
s
g
o
i
n
g
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
OP
as
L
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
w
e
m
ig
h
t
co
m
p
ar
e
t
w
o
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
o
n
e
with
(
L
=3
)
an
d
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
w
it
h
(
L
=1
)
,
an
d
(
=
1
0
d
B
,
1
=
7
d
B
,
2
=
1
0
d
B
an
d
3
=
1
3
d
B
)
f
o
r
th
e
OP
o
f
0
.
3
,
th
er
e’
s
ab
o
u
t
2
0
d
B
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
t
h
e
SN
R
w
h
ic
h
co
n
f
ir
m
s
t
h
at
th
e
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
is
g
o
in
g
to
i
m
p
air
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
e
OP
v
e
r
s
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