Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
4157
~
4163
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
4157
-
41
63
4157
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Sim
ple Measur
em
ent System f
or B
iologi
cal Sign
al
Using
a
Sm
ar
tph
one
Ryoichi
Miy
auchi
1
, Koichi
Tann
o
2
, Hi
ro
ki Tamur
a
3
1
Inte
rdisc
ipl
in
ar
y
Gr
adua
t
e
Scho
ol
of
Agri
culture
and Engi
n
ee
rin
g,
Univer
si
t
y
of
Mi
y
a
za
k
i, Japa
n
2
Depa
rtment of
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
Sy
stems
Eng
ine
er
ing,
Univ
ersity
o
f
Mi
y
azaki
,
Jap
a
n
3
Depa
rtment of
Envi
ronm
ent
a
l Robotic
s,
Unive
rsit
y
of
Mi
y
a
z
ak
i,
Jap
an
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ma
r
20
, 201
8
Re
vised
Jun
12
, 201
8
Accepte
d
J
un
30
, 201
8
Thi
s
pape
r
d
esc
r
ibe
s
sim
ple
m
eas
ure
m
ent
s
y
stem
for
biol
ogi
ca
l
si
gnal
using
sm
art
phone.
The
proposed
sy
st
e
m
consists
of
an
instrumenta
ti
on
amplifi
er
,
a
fil
ter
and
an
AC/DC
conve
rt
er
.
The
biol
og
ic
a
l
signal
is
conv
ert
ed
to
th
e
digi
tal
data
thr
ough
the
m
ic
rophone
te
rm
ina
l
with
A/D
conve
rte
r
in
th
e
sm
art
phone.
In
m
an
y
ca
ses,
th
e
ci
rcu
it
s
req
uire
t
he
power
source
s
such
as
the
ce
l
l
bat
t
eri
es
,
howeve
r,
the
pro
posed
sy
st
em
is
supplie
d
the
power
through
the
ea
rphone
t
er
m
ina
l
of
th
e
sm
art
phone
.
Th
ere
f
ore
,
the
prop
ose
d
s
y
stem
no
req
uire
th
e
bat
t
e
rie
s.
The
softwa
re
of
thi
s
sy
st
em
par
al
l
el
i
ze
s
the
proc
essing
so
tha
t
the
ea
rph
one
output
and
the
m
ic
rophone
te
rm
ina
l
ca
n
be
e
xec
ut
ed
a
t
the
sam
e
ti
m
e
.
The
proposed
s
ystem
was
ver
ifi
e
d
throug
h
the
m
ea
surem
ent
of
surfac
e
el
e
c
trom
y
ogra
m
using
discre
te
pa
rts
and
iOS.
Result
s
of
expe
riment
at
ion
,
the proposed
s
ystem was ope
ra
ting c
orre
ctl
y
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
AC/DC c
onve
r
te
r
Bi
olo
gical
si
gnal
Sign
al
c
onditi
onin
g
Sm
artph
one
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f
Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Ko
ic
hi Ta
nno
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
an
d
Syst
e
m
s En
gi
ne
erin
g,
In
sti
tute
of E
ducat
ion an
d
Re
search
for E
ng
i
neer
i
ng, Uni
ve
rsity
o
f
Mi
ya
zaki,
1
-
1 Ga
ku
e
nkib
anad
ai
-
Nis
hi,
Mi
ya
zaki 8
89
-
2192, Ja
pa
n.
Em
a
il
:
ta
nn
o@cc
.m
iy
azaki
-
u.ac
.jp
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
rece
nt
ye
ars
,
im
pr
ov
i
ng
t
he
qual
it
y
of
li
f
e
an
d
inc
reasi
ng
healt
hspa
n
is
beco
m
e
glob
al
co
nce
rn
and
c
halle
nge
s
[1
]
-
[
5].
F
or
this
reaso
n,
m
anag
em
ent
of
healt
h
on
a
daily
basis
is
ver
y
i
m
po
rta
nt,
an
d
m
easur
in
g
the
own
vital
data,
su
c
h
as
hear
t
beats,
pu
lse
s
e
tc
,
us
in
g
var
i
ous
e
qu
i
pm
ent
are
esse
ntial
.
On
t
he
oth
e
r
ha
nd
s
,
wear
a
ble
de
vices,
w
hich
ev
olv
es
at
a
rap
i
d
pace,
a
re
on
e
of
the
eq
uipm
ent
to
m
eas
ur
e
th
e
bio
lo
gical
si
gnal
.
I
n
t
he
fu
t
ure,
own
he
al
th
m
anag
em
ent
would
beco
m
e
al
m
os
t
equ
al
to
m
anag
em
ent
by
per
s
onal
trai
ne
rs
by
analy
zi
ng
m
easur
ed
da
ta
us
in
g
AI
an
d
deep
le
ar
ning
[6
]
,
[
7].
H
oweve
r,
it
is
dif
ficult
t
o
reali
ze
th
e
above
syst
e
m
becau
se
the
syst
em
req
uires
the
m
any
fu
nctio
ns
an
d
the
cos
t
will
beco
m
e
high
.
Ther
e
f
or
e
popula
rizat
ion o
f
t
he weara
ble
de
vices is
delay
ed.
On
t
he
othe
r
ha
nds,
bi
ologica
l
sign
al
s,
s
uch
as
Ele
ct
ro
m
yogr
am
(EMG)
,
Ele
ct
ro
oc
ul
ogr
a
m
(EO
G
),
Ele
ct
ro
e
nceph
al
ogram
(EEG
),
Ele
ct
ro
ca
r
dio
gram
(ECG)
,
are
well
known
as
the
vit
al
data.
In
ge
ner
al
,
KH
z
).
I
n
order
to
i
m
ple
m
ent
t
he
bi
ologica
l
sign
al
m
easur
em
e
nt
syst
e
m
,
no
t
on
ly
an
a
nalo
g
ci
rcu
it
s
uch
a
s
the
a
m
plifie
r,
filt
er,
A
nalo
g
to
D
igit
al
(A
/D)
c
onve
rter,
but
al
so
a
dig
it
al
ci
rc
uit
su
ch
as
pro
cesso
r
an
d
m
e
m
or
y
are
re
quire
d.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n,
t
he
ge
ner
al
weara
ble
de
vices
a
re
co
ns
ist
s
of
a
m
easur
e
m
ent
te
rm
inal,
a
di
sp
la
y
te
rm
inal,
and
a
wireless
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
bloc
k,
et
c.
T
hat
is
to
say
,
these
ki
nd
o
f
syst
em
s
beco
m
e
com
pl
ex
a
nd
high c
os
t.
In
this
re
searc
h,
in
order
to
reali
ze
the
syst
e
m
si
m
p
ly
and
re
du
ce
t
he
cost,
a
ne
w
arc
hitec
ture
f
or
bio
lo
gical
m
e
asur
em
ent
syst
e
m
us
ing
a
s
m
artphon
e
is
pro
po
se
d.
T
he
propose
d
sys
tem
con
sist
s
of
a
n
instru
m
entat
ion
am
plifie
r,
a
filt
er
and
an
A
C/
DC
conver
te
r
an
d
these
ci
r
cuits
are
supp
li
ed
the
powe
r
thr
ough
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4157
-
4163
4158
the
earph
one
te
rm
inal
of
the
s
m
artphon
e
.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
t
he
propose
d
sys
tem
no
re
quir
e
the
batte
ries
.
The
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
was
reali
zed
by
us
i
ng
disc
r
et
e
par
ts
a
nd
ve
rified
t
hroug
h
the
m
easur
em
ent
of
s
urface
EMG
(s
-
EM
G). T
he e
xp
e
rim
ental
r
esults are
sho
w
n
in
this
pa
per
.
2.
CONVE
NTI
ONAL
MEASURE
MENT
S
YS
TE
M
Figure
1
s
ho
ws
e
xam
ple
of
t
he
sta
ti
on
ary
ty
pe
m
ea
su
rem
ent
syst
e
m
.
The
sta
ti
on
a
ry
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
is
const
ru
ct
ed
by
an
al
og
fro
nt
e
nd
(
AF
E
),
a
nd
PC.
I
n
a
ddit
io
n,
AFE
a
nd
P
C
are
connecte
d
by
US
B,
there
f
or
e
,
this
syst
em
is
one
of
the
wi
red
syst
em
.
AF
E
c
on
sist
s
of
an
am
plifie
r,
a
filt
e
r
and an
A
/
D
c
onve
rter.
The
sta
ti
onary
ty
pe
m
easur
e
m
ent
syst
e
m
i
s
oft
en
us
e
d
f
or
m
edical
,
and
this
syst
em
has
so
m
e
adv
a
ntage
s;
this
syst
e
m
has
hig
h
accu
racy
and
m
ulti
inp
ut
channels
an
d
can
be
m
on
it
or
e
d
m
easur
ed
da
ta
on
real t
i
m
e. O
n t
he othe
r han
ds
,
this
syst
em
h
as an
d
isa
dv
a
nta
ge of
lo
w porta
bili
ty
.
Figure
1
.
Stat
ion
a
ry ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent syst
e
m
Figure
2
s
hows
exam
ple
of
the
wear
a
ble
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
.
The
wear
able
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
con
sist
s
of
AFE,
PC,
m
e
m
or
y,
com
m
un
ic
at
or
an
d
batte
ry.
A
nd
this
syst
e
m
is
on
e
of
the
wir
el
ess
m
easu
rem
ent
s
yst
e
m
.
The
adv
anta
ge
of
the
wear
a
ble
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
s
yst
e
m
is
hig
h
portabil
it
y,
howeve
r
,
it
r
eq
uires
m
any functi
on a
nd
high c
os
t.
Figure
2
.
W
ea
r
able ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent syst
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Simple
Me
as
ur
emen
t
Syste
m
f
or
Bi
ological
Si
gnal
U
sin
g a Sm
ar
tp
ho
ne
(
R
yoichi Miy
au
c
hi
)
4159
3.
PROP
OSE
D MEAS
U
REM
ENT S
YS
TE
M
3.1.
S
ys
te
m
A
rchi
tectu
re
Figure
3
is
pro
posed
m
eas
ur
em
ent
syst
em
,
and
we
c
al
l
this
syst
em
Sig
na
l
C
onditi
on
er
.
T
he
pro
po
se
d
syst
em
con
sist
s
of
three
ci
rcu
it
blo
ck
s;
the
i
ns
tr
um
entat
ion
am
plifie
r
(IA),
t
he
filt
er
a
nd
A
C/
DC
conv
e
rter.
The
IA
is
am
plifie
d
in
put
sig
na
l
from
sensor
because
the
a
m
pl
it
ud
e
of
bi
ologica
l
sig
nals
ve
ry
sm
a
ll
.
In
t
his
syst
e
m
,
we
a
dopte
d
t
he
IA,
wh
ic
h
has
ve
r
y
high
i
nput
i
m
ped
ance
a
nd
CM
RR
.
F
ur
t
he
rm
or
e,
gain
of
the
I
A
can
be
c
hoos
e
by
the
sel
ect
in
g
a
resist
or.
T
he
lo
w
pass
filt
er
(L
PF)
is
ad
op
te
d
in
this
s
yst
e
m
for
el
i
m
inati
ng
the
noise
ot
her
tha
n
the
t
arg
et
sig
nal.
Be
cause
the
f
r
equ
e
ncy
of
th
e
bio
lo
gical
sign
al
is
relat
ively
low
in
ge
ner
al
,
t
he
cutoff
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
of
the
L
PF
is
le
ss
than
10
00
Hz
in
t
his
syst
e
m
.
The
A
C/
DC
conve
rter
of
th
e
la
st
blo
ck
is
us
e
d
for
ge
ne
r
at
ing
the
DC
powe
r
supp
li
es
.
The
a
ud
i
o
sign
al
s
,
w
hich
a
re
the
sinu
s
oid
al
wa
ves,
a
re
gen
e
r
at
ed
by
the
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
pr
ogram
in
the
s
m
artphon
e
,
an
d
the
ge
ner
at
e
d
a
ud
i
o
sign
al
s
a
re
out
pu
tt
ed
t
hro
ugh
earph
on
e
te
rm
i
nal
of
the
sm
artphon
e
.
A
nd
th
en,
the
se
au
dio
(sinuso
i
dal)
si
gn
al
s
are
c
onver
te
d
t
o
DC
by
t
he
A
C/
DC
co
nv
e
rte
r.
T
his
DC
sig
nals
are
us
e
d
f
or
t
he
powe
r
s
ources
for
ope
rati
ng
the circ
uits in t
he pr
opos
e
d sy
stem
.
Com
par
ing
the
conve
ntion
al
sta
ti
on
ary
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
sh
own
in
Fig
ure
1
,
th
e
propose
d
syst
e
m
can
re
m
ov
e
the
A/
D
conve
rter
beca
us
e
t
he
sm
artph
one
ca
n
recei
ve
a
nalo
g
si
gnal
directl
y
t
hro
ugh
t
he
m
ic
ro
phone
te
rm
inal,
and
t
he
A/D
co
nvert
er
is
im
ple
m
ented
in
t
he
sm
artp
hone.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
c
om
par
ing
t
he
conve
ntion
al
wear
a
ble
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
,
the
pr
opose
d
syst
em
can
rem
ov
e
th
e
A/D
c
onver
t
er,
the
com
m
un
ic
at
or
and the
batte
ry
.
Figu
re
3
.
Pro
pose
d
m
easur
e
m
ent syst
e
m
3.2. Sys
tem
Reali
z
at
ion
Figure
4
sho
w
s
the
syst
em
re
al
iz
at
ion
us
in
g
discrete
pa
rts.
R
G
is
resist
or
for
sel
ect
ing
t
he
gain
of
IA
wh
ic
h
is
giv
e
n
by
eq
uatio
n
1.
I
n
e
qu
at
io
n
1
is
c
on
sta
nt
value
w
hich
dep
e
nds
on
th
e
de
vice
(
dec
i
ded
by
reg
ist
er
n
et
wor
k
in
IA)
, a
nd s
el
ect
ing
sm
al
l
R
G
can
be o
btained hig
h gai
n i
f
we
n
ee
d.
=
1
+
(1)
R
F1
and
C
F1
co
ns
ti
tute
of
t
he
LPF,
a
nd
t
his
LPF
is
necessa
ry
for
re
duci
ng
the
noise
in
this
syst
e
m
.
The
m
ai
n
no
is
e
in
this
syst
e
m
is
the
rip
ple
wh
ic
h
is
occurre
d
f
r
om
AC/
DC
co
nverter
,
and
the
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
this
no
ise
is
m
or
e
tha
n
a
fe
w
kH
z.
In
the
a
ct
ual
reali
zat
ion
,
we
a
dopte
d
a
first
order
LPF
with
the
cut
-
off
fr
e
qu
e
ncy is a
ppr
oxim
a
te
ly
6
00
Hz
.
AC/DC
co
nv
e
r
te
r
sh
ow
n
in
F
ig
ure
4
is
the
sinu
s
oid
al
wa
ve
to
DC
conve
r
te
r
with
volt
age
double
r
,
wh
ic
h
outp
uts
bo
th
po
sit
ive
and
ne
gative
vo
lt
ages
.
In
t
he
bio
l
og
ic
al
sign
al
m
easur
e
m
ent
syst
e
m
,
analog
ci
rcu
it
blo
c
ks
need
posit
ive
and
neg
at
i
ve
vo
lt
age
so
urces
be
cause
the
bias
vo
lt
ages
is
no
t
add
ed
t
o
the
input
sign
al
from
senso
r.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e
,
the
outp
ut
volt
age
from
the
ear
phone
t
erm
inal
is
no
t
ge
ner
al
ly
s
o
high,
therefo
re
we
e
m
plo
ye
d
the AC
/DC co
nv
e
rte
r
wit
h vo
lt
age
double
r
i
n orde
r
to
operate
al
l ci
rcu
it
b
l
ocks.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4157
-
4163
4160
D
1
an
d
C
2
c
onsti
tute
the
well
-
kn
own
half
-
w
ave
recti
fie
r
ci
rcu
it
[
8]
[
9]
.
T
he
AC/DC
co
nverter
wit
h
vo
lt
age
do
ub
le
r
ca
n
be
reali
z
ed
by
ad
ding
t
o
D
2
an
d
C
1
.
By
add
i
ng
D
2
a
nd
C
1
,
t
he
neg
at
ive
hal
f
cy
cl
e
of
t
he
input
sig
nal
from
the
earp
ho
ne
te
rm
inal
char
ge
C
1
a
nd
th
e
nex
t
po
sit
ive
half
cy
cl
e
cha
rg
e
C
2
with
a
ddin
g
th
e
vo
lt
age
of
C
1
.
As
t
he
resu
lt
s,
the
posit
ive
vo
lt
age
do
ub
le
r
c
an
be
ac
hieve
d.
I
n
t
he
sam
e
way,
the
ci
rc
ui
t
of
the
bo
tt
om
side
in
AC/DC
co
nv
e
r
te
r
sh
ow
n
in
Fi
g
ure
4
al
s
o
op
erates
as
the
ne
gative
volt
age
doub
le
r
beca
use
the
ci
rcu
it
h
as
c
omplem
entary structu
re
of
uppe
r
side
one.
Figure
5
s
how
s
act
ivit
y
diagra
m
of
pro
pose
d
syst
em
.
This
syst
e
m
has
to
execu
te
in
put
and
outp
ut
at
the
sam
e
tim
e.
In
ad
diti
on,
in
pu
t
pr
ogram
a
nd
ou
t
pu
t
program
a
lway
s
hav
e
to
w
ork
c
onti
nu
ously
.
T
he
refor
e
,
that i
s r
eal
iz
ed
us
in
g
m
u
lti
-
thr
ead
pro
gr
am
m
i
ng. An
d, so
m
e b
utto
n
is
r
e
qu
i
r
ed fo
r user
inte
rf
ace
(UI).
Figure
4
.
Syste
m
r
eal
iz
a
ti
on
Figure
5
.
A
ct
iv
it
y diagr
am
o
f pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
E
X
PE
RIME
NTAL
AND CO
MP
AR
I
S
ON RES
ULTS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Simple
Me
as
ur
emen
t
Syste
m
f
or
Bi
ological
Si
gnal
U
sin
g a Sm
ar
tp
ho
ne
(
R
yoichi Miy
au
c
hi
)
4161
Figure
6
a
nd
Table
1
s
how
ph
otogra
ph
of
ov
e
rall
of
the
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
and
exp
e
rim
ental
conditi
on,
res
pe
ct
ively
.
From
Fig
ur
e
6,
it
is
cl
ear
t
hat
sm
a
rtp
hone
a
nd
t
he
sig
nal
co
ndit
ion
e
r
a
re
c
onne
ct
ed
on
ly
one
wire
.
Gain
of
IA
a
nd
cut
-
off
freq
ue
ncy
of
LP
F
are
co
nf
ig
ur
ed
51
ti
m
es
and
60
5
Hz,
res
pect
ively
.
And,
the
outp
ut
sign
al
s
of
t
he
ear
phone
te
rm
inal
con
sist
s
of
the
am
plitu
de
of
1.5
V
with
the
f
requ
ency
of
10 kHz.
Figure
6
.
P
ho
t
ogra
ph of
ov
e
r
al
l of
t
he pr
opose
d
syst
em
Table
1
. E
xper
i
m
ent Condit
ion
Ite
m
Valu
e
S
m
artph
o
n
e
I
pod
to
u
ch
4th
Ge
n
.
Ins
tru
m
en
tatio
n
A
m
p
lif
ier
INA11
8
[
1
0
]
D
1
–
D
4
1
N4
1
4
8
[
1
1
]
C
1
–
C
4
4
.7
F
R
G
1
k
R
F1
560
C
F1
0
.47
F
In
this
e
xperi
m
ents,
we
em
plo
ye
d
the
s
-
E
MG
sig
nal
as
t
he
bio
l
og
ic
al
s
ign
al
.
Fig
ur
e
7
an
d
Ta
ble
2
sh
ow
res
ults
of
s
-
EM
G
m
easur
em
ent.
I
n
Fig
ur
e
7
,
wa
vefor
m
,
w
hich
are
viewe
d
on
the
dis
play
of
the
sm
artph
on
e
,
s
hows
re
su
lt
s
of
the
FFT
a
na
ly
sis
fo
r
the
m
easur
ed
s
-
E
MG
sign
al
.
From
Figu
re
7
,
we
can
confirm
that
t
he
wa
vefor
m
s
in
the
case
of
neu
t
ral,
pro
nat
ion
an
d
gr
ip
a
re
dif
fer
e
nt.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e,
w
e
cou
ld
confirm
that
FFT
res
ults
we
r
e
cha
ng
e
d
acc
ordi
ng
as
m
ov
in
g
the
a
rm
.
And
,
Table
2
s
how
s
ex
per
im
ental
resu
lt
for
eac
h
ex
am
i
nee,
a
nd
it
is
ind
ic
at
ed
that
t
he
propose
d
sy
stem
cou
ld
us
e
ge
ner
al
ly
.
F
rom
these
ex
per
i
m
ental
resu
lt
s,
the
pro
po
s
ed
syst
em
c
an be
op
e
rated
correct
ly
.
Figure
7
.
P
ho
t
ogra
ph of
ov
e
r
al
l of
t
he pr
opose
d
syst
em
Table
2
. E
xper
i
m
ent
al
Result
f
or Eac
h
E
xam
inee
Exa
m
in
ee
Rig
h
t Ar
m
Left
Ar
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4157
-
4163
4162
A
○
○
B
○
○
C
○
○
D
○
○
E
○
○
Table
3
sho
ws com
par
ison res
ult betwee
n
th
e
p
r
opos
e
d
a
nd
conve
ntion
al
s
yst
e
m
s.
Fr
om
Table
3
, th
e
pro
po
se
d
syst
e
m
cou
ld
rea
li
ze
batte
ry
-
le
ss
an
d
lo
w
costs.
Howe
ve
r,
c
om
par
ing
the
wea
rab
l
e
ty
pe
m
easur
e
m
ent
syst
e
m
,
po
rta
bili
ty
is
decr
easi
ng
by
us
in
g
wir
ed
co
nnect
io
n.
And
c
om
par
in
g
the
sta
ti
onar
y
ty
pe
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
the
num
ber
of
c
ha
nn
el
s
is
only
o
ne
in
this
sit
uatio
n.
H
owe
ver,
this
d
isa
dva
ntage
will
be
able to
overc
om
e the sig
nal
m
ul
ti
plexing techn
i
qu
e
s, w
hich were
prop
os
e
d
in
the
past
[12]
,
[
13]
.
Table
3
. C
om
par
iso
n
Re
s
ult
Ite
m
Prop
o
sed
Statio
n
ary
W
ea
rable
Co
n
n
ectio
n
ty
p
e
wired
wired
wireless
Battery
n
o
t r
eq
u
ire
n
o
t r
eq
u
ire
requ
ire
Co
sts
(
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
Ite
m
)
Low
Hig
h
Hig
h
Po
rtability
Mid.
Low
Hig
h
Res
o
lu
tio
n
d
ep
en
d
s o
n
sm
artp
h
o
n
e
Hig
h
Mid.
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
chan
n
els
1
*
m
u
lti
1
*
T
h
e nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
h
an
n
els can ex
p
an
d
by
u
sin
g
the sig
n
al
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N AND F
UT
U
RE W
ORKS
In
t
his
pa
per,
ver
y
sim
ple
and
batte
ry
-
le
ss
bio
lo
gical
m
e
asur
em
ent
syst
e
m
,
wh
ic
h
co
nsi
sts
of
IA,
filt
er
and
AC/
DC
co
nverter
,
has
be
en
pro
pose
d.
We
co
ul
d
co
nf
i
rm
ed
that
the
pro
po
se
d
m
easur
em
ent
syst
e
m
op
e
rated
co
rr
e
ct
ly
through
t
he
e
xp
e
rim
ent
with
im
ple
m
ented
syst
e
m
us
in
g
t
he
discrete
pa
rts
a
nd
th
e
sm
artph
on
e
. C
om
par
ing t
he
c
onve
ntion
a
l
syst
e
m
s,
the prop
os
e
d
syst
em
h
as ad
van
ta
ges w
hich
a
re
batte
r
y
-
le
ss
and
lo
w
costs
.
In
su
m
m
ary,
the
propose
d
s
yst
e
m
can
be
achieve
d
the
adv
a
ntage
s
by
us
in
g
i
m
ple
m
e
nted
functi
on
s
of
the
sm
artph
one
po
sit
ively
.
T
he
f
uture
w
orks
are
as
fo
ll
ow
s;
1)
e
xpan
ding
th
e
nu
m
ber
of
channels,
2)
im
ple
m
enting
the
integ
rated
c
ircuit
of
the
si
gn
al
co
ndit
ione
r
by
us
in
g
re
f
eren
ces
[14]
-
[
16
]
,
a
nd
3) com
par
in
g
a
nd ev
al
uatin
g
t
he pr
opos
e
d sy
stem
w
it
h
m
ark
et
ed p
rod
ucts.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
Unite
d
Nat
ions,
''
Popula
ti
on
Di
vision
(2017),''
World
Popul
ation
Prospec
ts:
The
2017
Revisio
n
,
W
orking
Pap
er
No.E
SA
/P/WP
/2
48.
[2]
D.
Madha
vi
,
B.
V.
Ramana,
''
D
e
-
Ide
nt
ifi
ed
Pe
r
sonal
Hea
l
th
C
are
S
y
st
em
Us
ing
Hadoop'',
IA
ES
Inte
rnat
iona
l
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
,
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,
no
.
6
,
De
c.
2015
.
[3]
T.
Pra
y
oga
,
J.
Abraha
m
,
''
B
eh
avi
ora
l
Inte
n
ti
o
n
to
Us
e
IoT
H
ea
l
th
Device:
T
he
Role
of
Pe
rc
ei
ved
Us
efu
ln
ess,
Faci
litated
Appr
opria
ti
on
,
Big
Five
Personali
t
y
Tr
ai
ts
,
and
Cult
ura
l
Va
lue
Orien
tations'',
I
AE
S
Inte
rnat
ion
al
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of
Elec
t
rical
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Eng
i
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ring
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6
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g.
2016
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[4]
J.W
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Lee,
et
al.,
''
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er
Ana
l
y
s
is
Mec
hani
sm
s
base
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Mobile
Fitne
ss
S
y
st
em''
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S
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te
rnati
onal
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f
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e
ct
rica
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and
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omputer
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n
e
ering
,
vo
l. 6, no. 6, Dec.
2016
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A.
Seti
abudi,
e
t
al
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,
''
CMO
S
Te
m
per
at
ur
e
Se
nsor
with
Prog
ramm
abl
e
Te
m
per
at
ur
e
Range
for
Biom
edi
cal
Applic
a
ti
ons'',
I
AE
S
In
te
rnation
al
Journal
of
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ct
rical and
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pute
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ng
ine
erin
g
,
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,
no
.
2
,
April
2018.
[6]
A.
Kaz
ant
sev
,
e
t
al
.
,
''
Deve
lop
m
ent
of
e
-
healt
h
net
work
for
i
n
-
hom
e
pre
gnan
c
y
surve
il
l
ance
base
d
on
art
if
ici
al
int
ellige
n
ce'',
20
12
IEEE
-
EM
BS Inte
rnational
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nfe
renc
e
on
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o
medic
al
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alt
h
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82
-
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2012
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[7]
Z.
Che
,
Y.
L
iu,
''Dee
p
Learni
ng
S
olut
ions
to
Com
puta
ti
on
al
Pheno
t
y
p
ing
in
Hea
lt
h
Care''
,
2017
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EEE
Inte
rnationa
l
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renc
e
on
Data
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ini
ng
Wo
rkshops
,
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110
0
-
1109,
2017
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[8]
T.
L
ehmann,
Y.
Moghe,
''
On
-
C
hip
Acti
ve
Pow
er
Rectifiers
for
Biom
edi
ca
l
Ap
pli
c
at
ions,
''
I
EEE
Inte
rnationa
l
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ircui
ts and
System
s
,
Vol.
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pp.
5
24
-
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[9]
D.
Karol
ak
,
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al
.
,
''
Design
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m
par
ison
of
Low
-
Pow
er
Rec
ti
fi
ers
Dedic
a
te
d
t
o
RF
Ene
rg
y
H
arv
esti
ng
,
''
IE
E
E
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Elec
tronic
s,
C
ircui
ts,
and
Syst
ems
,
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.
524
-
527
,
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.
[10]
INA
118,
Prec
isi
on,
Low
Pow
er
Instrum
ent
ation
Am
pli
fie
r,
Te
x
as
Instrum
ent
s
Inc
.
,
Dallas,
Sep
.
2000[Onlin
e]
,
ava
i
la
bl
e
from
h
tt
p://ww
w.t
i.co
m
/produc
t/
in
a11
8
,
a
ccess
ed
on
Marc
h
5
,
2018
.
[11]
1N4148,
High
Conduct
an
ce
Fa
st
Diode,
On
S
emiconduc
tor
In
c.
,
Phoenix
,
June
2015[Online
]
,
ava
i
la
bl
e
from
htt
p://ww
w.onsem
i.
com/Pow
erSolut
ions/product.
do
?
id=
1N4148
,
ac
c
essed
on
Ma
r
ch
5,
2018.
[12]
K.
R.
Moghadd
am,
et
al.,
''
A
24
-
cha
nne
l
impl
ant
ab
le
n
eur
al
r
ec
ording
base
d
on
ti
m
e
and
fre
quency
-
div
ision
m
ult
ipl
exi
ng
'',
A
nalog
Int
egrate
d
Circui
ts
and
Sig
nal
Proc
essing
,
Vol.
79
,
Iss
ue
3
,
pp.
493
-
506
,
Jun
e,
2014
.
[13]
X.
Zha
o,
e
t
al.,
''Analog
Signal
Com
pre
ss
ion
and
Multi
ple
x
ing
Techni
ques
for
Hea
lt
h
ca
re
Int
ern
e
t
of
Thi
ngs'',
IE
E
E
Inte
rnational
Co
nfe
renc
e
on
Mob
il
e
Ad
Ho
c
and
S
ensor Sy
stems
,
p
p.
398
-
406
,
201
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Simple
Me
as
ur
emen
t
Syste
m
f
or
Bi
ological
Si
gnal
U
sin
g a Sm
ar
tp
ho
ne
(
R
yoichi Miy
au
c
hi
)
4163
[14]
Y.
Rao,
D.P
.
Arnold,
''
An
AC/
DC
Volta
ge
Do
uble
r
with
Conf
igura
bl
e
Pow
er
Suppl
y
Schemes
for
Vibra
tional
Ene
rg
y
Ha
rve
sti
ng''
,
IE
EE A
ppl
i
ed
Pow
er
E
le
c
tronic
s Conf
ere
nc
e
and
Ex
posi
ti
on
,
pp
.
2844
-
2851
,
2013.
[15]
Z.
Abidin,
e
t
a
l.
,
''
Low
Com
mon
-
Mode
Gain
Instrum
ent
at
ion
Am
pli
fie
r
Archi
tectur
e
Insens
it
ive
to
Resisto
r
Mism
at
che
s
'',
I
A
ES
Int
ernati
onal
Journal
o
f El
e
ctr
ic
al
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
,
vol.
6,
no.
6,
Dec
.
2016
.
[16]
Z.
Abidin,
e
t
al.
,
''
A
New
Instrum
ent
at
ion
Am
pli
fie
r
Archi
te
c
tur
e
Based
on
Diffe
ren
t
ia
l
Diffe
ren
ce
Am
pli
fie
r
for
Biol
ogical
Sign
a
l
Proce
ss
ing
''
,
I
AE
S
Int
ernati
o
n
al
Journal
o
f
E
l
ec
tri
cal
and
Co
mputer
Engi
ne
e
ring
,
vol
.
7,
no
.
2,
April
2017.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
was
born
in
Kagoshim
a,
Japa
n,
o
n
Marc
h
3rd,
19
86.
He
recei
ved
B.
E.
and
M.
E.
degr
ee
s
from
Facul
t
y
of
En
gine
er
ing,
Univ
ersity
o
f
Mi
y
a
za
ki
,
Mi
y
azaki
,
Japa
n,
in
2008
and
2010,
respe
ctively
.
H
e
is
cur
ren
tly
stu
d
y
ing
to
ge
t
Dr.
Eng.
degr
ee
a
t
Univer
sit
y
of
M
i
y
azaki
.
From
2010
to
2015,
h
e
joi
ned
the
Hi
tac
hi
ULSI
S
y
stem
s
Co.
,
L
td.,
T
ac
h
ika
wa,
Japa
n
.
He
was
enga
g
ed
in
developm
ent
of
appl
i
cation
software
for
W
i
ndows
and
deve
lopment
of
vo
i
ce
re
cognition
s
y
stem
for
ca
r
navi
ga
ti
on
s
y
ste
m
.
His
rese
ar
ch
intere
sts
are
b
iol
ogical
signal
m
ea
surem
ent
s
y
stem a
nd
an
alog i
nt
egr
ated cir
cui
t
.
was
born
in
Mi
yaz
ak
i,
Jap
an,
on
April
22,
1967
.
He
recei
ved
B.
E.
and
M.
E
.
d
e
gre
es
from
the
Facul
t
y
of
En
gine
er
ing,
Univ
ersity
o
f
Mi
y
a
za
ki
,
Mi
y
azaki
,
Japa
n,
in
1990
and
1992,
respe
ctively
,
and
Dr.
Eng.
degr
ee
from
Gradua
te
School
of
Scie
n
ce
and
T
ec
hno
lo
g
y
,
Kum
amoto
Univer
sit
y
,
Ku
m
amoto,
Japa
n,
in
1999.
From
1992
to
1993,
he
joi
ned
th
e
Microe
l
ec
tron
ic
s
Products
Deve
lo
pm
ent
La
bora
tor
y
,
Hi
ta
ch
i,
L
td.,
Yokoham
a,
Japa
n.
He
was
enga
ged
in
rese
ar
ch
on
low
-
volt
age
and
low
-
power
equa
l
iz
er
for
re
a
d
cha
nnel
LSI
o
f
har
d
disk
drive
s.
In
1994,
he
joi
ned
Univ
ersity
of
Mi
y
a
z
aki
,
where
he
is
cur
r
en
tly
a
Profess
or
in
the
D
epa
rtme
nt
of
Elec
t
rical
and
S
y
st
ems
Engi
nee
r
ing.
His
m
ai
n
res
ea
rch
inte
rests
are
in
an
alog
int
egr
ated
c
ir
cui
t
d
esign
and
m
ult
ipl
e
-
v
al
ued
logi
c
ci
r
cui
t
desi
gn.
Dr.
T
anno
is
a
m
ember
of
IE
EE
.
rec
e
ive
d
the
B.
E.
and
M.
E
.
d
e
gre
e
from
Mi
y
a
za
ki
Univer
sit
y
in
1998
and
200
0,
respe
ctively
.
From
2000
to
2
001,
He
was
an
Engi
ne
er
in
As
ahi
Kasei
Corpora
ti
on
,
Japa
n.
In
2001,
He
joi
ned
To
y
ama
Univer
sit
y
,
To
y
ama
,
J
apa
n,
wh
ere
He
was
a
Techni
c
al
Offic
ia
l
in
Depa
rtment
of
Inte
llec
tua
l
Info
rm
at
i
on
S
y
stem
s.
In
2006,
He
joi
ned
Mi
y
a
za
k
i
Univer
sit
y
,
Mi
y
a
za
k
i,
Jap
an,
where
He
was
a
n
As
sistant
Profess
or
in
Depa
rt
m
ent
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Elec
tronic
Engi
n
ee
r
ing.
I
n
2012,
He
is
cur
ren
tly
a
Profess
or
in
the
Depa
r
tment
of
Envi
ro
nm
ent
al
Roboti
cs.
His
m
ai
n
rese
arc
h
int
er
est
s
are
Neura
l
Net
works
and
Optimiza
ti
on
Proble
m
s.
In
rec
ent
y
e
ars,
He
has
the
int
er
est
in
Biom
edi
c
al
Sign
al Proce
ss
ing
using S
oft
Com
puti
ng.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.