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1.
I
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N
T
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s
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f
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m
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p
r
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s
s
[
1
-
5
]
.
A
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t
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p
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m
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
p
r
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to
co
l
(
T
C
P)
[6
-
9]
is
t
h
e
f
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s
t
an
d
m
aj
o
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p
r
o
t
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(
I
P
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to
b
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m
e
T
C
P
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P
[
10
-
12
]
.
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it
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p
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tag
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d
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[
13
-
15
]
.
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ac
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q
u
eu
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m
an
a
g
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m
en
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(
A
QM
)
[
1
6
-
20]
is
an
ef
f
icie
n
t
tech
n
iq
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to
r
ev
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ls
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s
[
21
-
23
].
Ma
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tech
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s
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A
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M
[
24
-
26
]
,
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ld
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e
is
r
an
d
o
m
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
(
R
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[
27
]
w
h
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
co
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d
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m
p
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t
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lg
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f
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ted
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to
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et
w
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[
28
]
.
T
h
e
R
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D
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
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u
s
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t
h
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T
C
P
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R
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tech
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d
th
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s
y
s
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d
y
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a
m
ics [
29
-
30
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
n
t J
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&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
2
2
5
-
6
2
3
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6226
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an
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[
31
-
34
]
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T
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d
ee
m
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
ef
u
l
co
n
tr
o
ller
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
u
tili
z
in
g
t
h
e
b
asics
o
f
n
at
u
r
alis
t
g
en
e
tic
s
y
s
te
m
s
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
a
u
n
i
v
er
s
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
i
s
i
te
id
ea
f
r
o
m
G
A
i
s
to
p
r
eser
v
e
a
p
o
p
u
la
tio
n
o
f
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
d
e
v
elo
p
s
an
d
ev
o
lv
es
w
it
h
ti
m
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
iv
al
r
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
ar
ian
ce
.
T
h
e
GA
h
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
e
ll
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
f
i
eld
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
o
d
elli
n
g
,
p
o
w
er
g
o
o
d
n
ess
e
v
al
u
atio
n
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
al
lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
tab
lin
g
s
y
s
te
m
,
etc
[
35
-
37
]
.
I
n
[
38
]
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
e
d
th
e
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
as
an
o
p
ti
m
i
za
tio
n
u
n
i
t
w
it
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
in
te
g
r
al
-
d
if
f
er
en
tia
l
(
P
I
D)
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
in
a
lar
g
e
-
d
elay
n
et
w
o
r
k
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
T
C
P
/A
QM
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
w
o
r
k
[
39
]
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
P
I
D)
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
co
n
g
est
io
n
o
f
T
C
P
/A
Q
M
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
a
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
h
as
g
i
v
e
n
g
o
o
d
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
to
co
n
g
esti
o
n
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
s
tab
le
q
u
eu
e
len
g
t
h
an
d
less
p
ac
k
et
d
r
o
p
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
SK
B
is
o
y
an
d
P
K
P
attn
ai
k
in
[
40
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
e
w
AQM
b
y
a
n
o
v
el
-
PD
-
t
y
p
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
r
eg
u
lat
e
th
e
q
u
eu
e
le
n
g
t
h
w
it
h
tin
y
o
s
c
illatio
n
.
I
n
[
41
]
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
F
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
w
i
th
G
A
as
tu
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
o
s
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
m
an
a
g
e
th
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
o
f
T
C
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
a
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
A
QM
o
f
T
C
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
G
A
to
g
et
an
o
p
ti
m
al
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
an
d
q
u
eu
e
le
n
g
t
h
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
A
QM
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
T
C
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
a
s
f
o
ll
o
w
s
.
Sectio
n
2
e
x
h
ib
it
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
escr
ip
tio
n
th
a
t
p
r
esen
ts
t
w
o
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
is
T
C
P
/A
QM
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
o
th
er
is
th
e
G
A
a
n
d
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
w
er
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
T
h
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
is
s
ec
t
io
n
5
in
cl
u
d
e
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
.
2.
SYST
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
tai
n
s
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
ar
ts
a
n
d
h
o
w
ea
ch
p
ar
t
w
o
r
k
s
u
ch
as
T
C
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
G
A
as a
n
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
to
o
l.
2
.
1
.
T
CP
/AQ
M
net
w
o
rk
Ma
n
y
p
iece
s
o
f
r
esear
c
h
ill
u
s
t
r
ated
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
T
C
P
n
etw
o
r
k
s
,
a
d
etailed
o
f
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
m
o
d
el
w
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
i
s
s
ec
t
io
n
d
ep
en
d
o
n
[
42
]
,
th
e
T
C
P
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
b
ased
o
n
a
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
f
lu
id
-
f
l
o
w
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
w
it
h
t
w
o
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
d
if
f
er
en
tial
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
th
e
y
s
h
o
w
th
e
w
o
r
k
d
y
n
a
m
ic
o
f
T
C
P
p
r
ec
is
el
y
w
it
h
th
e
r
ate
o
f
T
C
P
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
ize
an
d
t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
q
u
eu
e
len
g
t
h
.
"
̇
(
)
=
1
(
)
+
−
(
)
2
(
−
(
)
)
(
−
(
)
)
+
(
−
(
)
)
"
(
1
)
"
̇
(
)
=
{
−
+
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
(
)
>
0
{
0
,
−
+
(
)
(
)
+
(
)
}
(
)
=
0
"
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
r
ate
o
f
T
C
P
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
ize
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
p
ac
k
ets
)
;
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
f
u
ll
-
tr
ip
tim
e
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
an
d
eq
u
al
to
+
;
q
is
th
e
r
ate
o
f
q
u
eu
e
le
n
g
th
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
p
a
ck
ets);
is
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
th
e
lin
k
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
p
ac
k
ets/
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
;
is
th
e
No
,
T
C
P
lin
k
s
(
lo
ad
f
ac
to
r
)
;
is
th
e
p
r
o
m
u
lg
a
tio
n
d
ela
y
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
:
is
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
s
i
g
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
,
all
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
n
o
n
-
n
eg
a
tiv
e
an
d
it
is
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
u
t
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itt
in
g
r
ate
an
d
p
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
q
u
e
u
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
.
I
n
(
1
)
,
th
e
t
w
o
ter
m
s
1
/
(
ad
d
itiv
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e)
a
n
d
/
2
(
m
u
ltip
licati
v
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e)
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
e
v
alu
a
te
th
e
r
ate
o
f
w
i
n
d
o
w
s
iz
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
T
C
P
f
lo
w
,
w
h
ile
(
2
)
is
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
th
e
q
u
e
u
e
le
n
g
t
h
ac
c
u
m
u
lat
iv
e
as t
h
e
r
ate
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
r
id
es th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
v
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e
o
f
p
ac
k
et
s
ig
n
p
r
o
b
ab
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y
is
b
et
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lo
w
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o
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n
d
ar
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0
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d
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p
p
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th
e
n
o
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li
n
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ti
m
e
-
d
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s
ch
e
m
e
a
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d
a
s
at
u
r
ated
in
p
u
t a
r
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
(
1
)
as in
(
3
)
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(
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1
(
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2
(
−
(
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)
(
−
(
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+
(
(
−
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(
3
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(
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T
he
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o
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s
e
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t
h
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I
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P
I
C
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ates
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h
e
ter
m
u
(
t)
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
in
p
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t
i
n
(
3
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ar
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h
e
s
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n
o
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t
h
e
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in
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3
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.
Mo
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p
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
an
d
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
an
i
n
t
eg
r
al
an
d
ab
s
o
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te
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al
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e
o
f
er
r
o
r
(
)
is
u
ti
lized
as a
th
e
m
atic
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
s
in
(
6
)
.
=
∫
|
(
)
|
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0
(
7
)
As
a
ce
r
tain
f
ac
t,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
i
ll
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el
y
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n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
g
ain
s
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d
.
A
b
etter
P
I
C
d
esig
n
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
m
al
ler
v
al
u
e
o
f
.
I
n
a
p
r
ac
tical
f
ield
,
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
C
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
en
co
u
r
ag
es
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er
s
to
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ch
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d
it r
elies o
n
t
h
ei
r
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
.
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h
e
in
p
u
t o
u
tp
u
t tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
C
is
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
(
8
)
.
122
.
8
3
+
3299
2
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252
04
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+
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136
3
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14
2
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11
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26
+
9
9
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8
(
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Var
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u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
P
I
C
s
u
c
h
as
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic,
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
tim
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g
r
e
y
w
o
l
f
o
p
ti
m
izer
an
d
g
en
eti
c
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
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A
)
.
T
h
e
G
A
w
ill
b
e
ex
p
lo
ited
to
o
b
t
ain
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l
g
ai
n
o
f
P
I
C
.
G
A
is
a
s
y
n
th
etic
o
p
ti
m
izat
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ex
ec
u
ti
n
g
an
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
c
h
f
ield
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
o
r
f
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
g
lo
b
al
o
r
n
ea
r
-
g
lo
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al
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tio
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f
o
r
co
m
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lex
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m
p
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m
e
n
t
is
s
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e
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
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s
ea
r
ch
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
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ti
m
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
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th
e
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C
g
ain
s
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d
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th
e
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QM
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k
in
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e
T
C
P
s
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ch
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h
at
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
(
7
)
is
less
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
o
f
f
er
s
th
e
s
c
h
e
m
atic
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h
ap
e
f
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n
i
n
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o
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I
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p
ar
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eter
s
u
s
in
g
G
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
s
h
ap
e
o
f
P
I
C
tu
n
i
n
g
u
s
in
g
G
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
0
:
6
2
2
5
-
6
2
3
2
6228
I
n
a
p
r
ac
tical
f
ield
,
th
er
e
i
s
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
eq
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ir
e
m
en
t,
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
i
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
w
o
r
k
as
f
a
s
t
a
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
th
i
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
w
h
e
n
th
e
G
A
d
esi
g
n
w
it
h
a
s
m
all
s
ize
o
f
th
e
in
cip
ie
n
t p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
in
cip
ie
n
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
en
co
d
in
g
t
h
e
P
I
f
ac
to
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s
,
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
b
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ar
y
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n
ca
te
n
atio
n
d
ef
in
e
as
a
ch
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o
m
o
s
o
m
e.
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h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
a
co
n
ca
te
n
atio
n
r
elies
o
n
t
h
e
d
esire
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
w
h
ic
h
is
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o
u
t
4
m
a
ttre
s
s
e
s
.
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h
e
d
esire
d
b
its
s
er
ies is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
9
)
:
2
−
1
<
(
−
)
×
10
4
≤
2
−
1
(
9
)
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
,
an
d
ar
e
th
e
u
p
p
er
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o
u
n
d
s
an
d
l
o
w
er
b
o
u
n
d
s
o
f
P
I
f
ac
to
r
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
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ac
h
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
is
s
u
b
j
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t
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g
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ce
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s
to
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al
u
ate
it,
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ch
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
f
r
o
m
b
in
ar
y
s
tr
i
n
g
s
to
r
ea
l
v
alu
es
(
P
I
f
ac
to
r
s
v
alu
es)
an
d
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
te
in
to
a
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ea
ch
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
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s
d
o
n
e
b
y
(
1
0
)
:
=
+
(
)
×
(
−
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2
−
1
(
1
0
)
w
h
er
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is
th
e
r
ea
l
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
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I
f
ac
to
r
s
,
(
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
e
ci
m
al
v
al
u
es
o
f
b
it
s
er
ies
t
h
at
ca
lcu
late
i
n
(
9
)
.
W
h
o
le
f
it
n
es
s
v
alu
e
s
a
n
d
th
eir
co
n
g
r
u
o
u
s
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
ar
e
g
o
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
(
s
elec
tio
n
,
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
an
d
m
u
ta
tio
n
)
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
f
it
n
ess
,
th
e
g
r
ea
te
r
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
o
f
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
m
e
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
e
s
a
f
ter
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
ch
o
o
s
i
n
g
a
s
i
n
g
le
-
p
o
in
t
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
m
ati
n
g
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
es
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
c
h
o
s
e
n
o
n
e
c
u
t
-
p
o
in
t
a
n
d
i
n
ter
ch
a
n
g
e
th
e
r
i
g
h
t
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
p
ar
en
ts
to
cr
ea
te
p
r
o
g
en
y
.
T
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
o
p
er
atio
n
is
a
m
u
ta
tio
n
,
t
h
e
m
u
tatio
n
p
r
o
h
ib
its
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
r
o
m
f
alli
n
g
in
a
lo
ca
l
m
in
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
v
ar
iet
y
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
o
r
d
in
ar
il
y
,
a
m
in
i
m
al
m
u
tatio
n
r
ate
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
elec
te
d
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
m
ax
i
m
al
m
u
tati
o
n
r
ate
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
il
l
b
e
r
an
d
o
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Af
ter
f
in
i
s
h
in
g
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
t
h
e
n
e
x
t
g
en
er
atio
n
s
ta
r
tin
g
b
y
co
n
v
er
t
in
g
(
d
ec
o
d
e)
th
e
b
in
ar
y
co
n
ca
ten
atio
n
s
in
ev
er
y
c
h
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
i
n
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
t
o
r
ea
l
v
alu
es.
A
n
e
w
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
P
I
f
ac
to
r
s
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
P
I
C
s
y
s
te
m
to
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
n
e
w
v
al
u
e
o
f
f
it
n
ess
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
il
l
p
ass
t
h
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o
u
g
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e
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is
r
ep
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ch
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f
f
it
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ac
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ie
v
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at
th
e
clo
s
e
o
f
g
en
er
atio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
a
GA
[
43
].
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
a
G
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
GA
_
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
fo
r
s
ta
b
ilit
y
o
f TC
P
n
etw
o
r
k
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Qa
s
im
S
u
ltta
n
)
6229
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
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R
E
S
UL
T
S
I
n
t
h
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s
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tio
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,
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n
t
h
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f
ec
ti
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ass
u
m
ed
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-
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f
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it
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h
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P
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NC
E
S
[1
]
Af
a
n
a
s
y
e
v
,
A
le
x
a
n
d
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
"
Ho
s
t
-
to
-
ho
st
c
o
n
g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
T
CP
,
"
IEE
E
C
o
m
mu
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
su
rv
e
y
s
a
n
d
t
u
to
ri
a
ls,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
0
4
-
3
4
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
S
u
lt
tan
,
M
.
Q.
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
u
sin
g
i
n
f
in
it
y
-
n
o
rm
w
it
h
in
it
ial
ra
d
iu
s
o
n
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
S
D
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
M
IM
O sy
ste
m
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
C
o
mp
u
ter
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
15
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
6
8
57
-
6
8
6
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
M
,
Re
n
d
y
,
e
t
a
l.
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
tu
n
n
e
l
b
r
o
k
e
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
p
e
n
v
irt
u
a
l
p
riv
a
te
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
,
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l.
1
7
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
5
-
1
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
Rizz
o
,
L
u
ig
i.
,
"
P
G
M
CC
:
A
T
C
P
-
f
rien
d
ly
sin
g
le
-
ra
te
m
u
lt
ica
st
c
o
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g
e
stio
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sc
h
e
m
e
,
"
AC
M
S
IGCO
M
M
Co
mp
u
ter
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Rev
ie
w,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
8
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
S
u
lt
tan
,
M
.
Q.,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
K
-
Be
st
S
p
h
e
re
De
tec
ti
o
n
A
l
g
o
ri
th
m
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
M
I
M
O
S
y
ste
m
s,”
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
r
ies
:
M
a
ter
ia
l
s S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
1
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Ok
o
k
p
u
ji
e
,
K.,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
a
c
ti
v
e
q
u
e
u
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
v
a
r
y
in
g
w
irele
s
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
9
-
3
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
Nig
a
r,
N
.
,
a
n
d
Azim,
M
.
A
.
,
“
Fa
i
rn
e
ss
Co
mp
a
riso
n
o
f
T
CP
Va
ri
a
n
ts
o
v
e
r
Pro
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Rea
c
ti
v
e
R
o
u
ti
n
g
Pro
t
o
c
o
l
in
M
ANE
T
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
9
-
2
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
W
h
e
e
b
,
A.
H.,
“
Per
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
UD
P,
DCCP
,
S
CT
P
a
n
d
T
FR
C
fo
r
d
i
ff
e
re
n
t
tr
a
ff
ic
fl
o
w
i
n
wire
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
5
5
2
-
3
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
H
e
rti
a
n
a
,
S
.
N.,
K
u
rn
iaw
a
n
,
A
.
,
a
n
d
P
a
sa
rib
u
,
U.
S
.
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
ti
v
e
Ro
u
ter
A
ss
is
ted
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
C
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
S
DN
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
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g
(
IJ
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)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
4
6
7
-
4
4
7
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
S
a
ro
lah
t
i,
P
a
si,
M
.
K
o
jo
,
a
n
d
K.
Ra
a
ti
k
a
in
e
n
,
"F
-
RT
O:
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
re
c
o
v
e
r
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
T
CP
re
tran
sm
issio
n
ti
m
e
o
u
ts,
"
ACM
S
IGCO
M
M
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Rev
iew,
v
o
l.
3
3
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0
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[4
2
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Ho
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4
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