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n
s
f
o
r
m
ac
h
i
n
es
’
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
to
s
atis
f
y
th
e
m
o
b
il
it
y
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
d
e
n
s
it
y
d
ev
ices,
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
lo
w
laten
c
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
E
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
k
e
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
b
o
o
s
t
5
G
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
al
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
8
-
1
2
]
.
ME
C
is
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
o
th
er
k
e
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
5
G,
en
ab
li
n
g
So
f
t
w
ar
e
De
f
i
n
ed
Net
w
o
r
k
(
SDN
)
[
1
3
]
an
d
Net
w
o
r
k
Fu
n
ctio
n
Vir
t
u
aliza
tio
n
(
NFV
)
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
ap
p
ly
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
b
y
u
tili
zi
n
g
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
v
ir
t
u
al
m
ac
h
in
e
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
e
n
d
-
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
v
ar
io
u
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
De
liv
er
y
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
s
(
C
DNs)
i
s
t
h
e
in
s
p
ir
atio
n
f
o
r
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
,
s
u
ch
th
a
t
th
e
to
o
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
ac
ce
s
s
ed
web
co
n
ten
ts
ar
e
p
r
e
-
f
etc
h
ed
to
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
th
at
ar
e
clo
s
er
to
en
d
-
u
s
er
d
ev
ices.
E
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ex
te
n
d
s
th
is
i
d
ea
to
u
s
e
it
in
clo
u
d
’s
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e,
s
u
ch
th
a
t
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
o
r
clo
u
d
lets
e
x
ec
u
te
th
e
co
d
e
in
s
tead
o
f
t
h
e
clo
u
d
o
n
l
y
i
f
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
ca
ch
e
s
,
d
ata
p
r
e
-
f
etc
h
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
in
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
m
a
n
n
er
[
1
5
]
,
w
h
er
e
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
s
u
c
h
th
at
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
er
v
ices b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
’
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e.
E
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
also
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
co
p
in
g
w
it
h
in
ter
n
et
s
h
i
f
t
u
s
a
g
e
m
o
d
el,
m
o
v
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
h
o
s
t
-
ce
n
tr
ic
d
esig
n
,
w
h
ich
u
s
e
s
r
o
u
ti
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
to
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
-
C
e
n
tr
ic
Net
w
o
r
k
in
g
(
I
C
N)
d
esi
g
n
[
1
6
]
,
b
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
a
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
w
il
l
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
,
lead
i
n
g
to
a
f
ast in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
r
etr
iev
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
clo
s
est lo
ca
tio
n
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
e
x
p
lo
itin
g
ed
g
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
e
f
f
i
cien
tl
y
;
esp
ec
ial
l
y
,
t
h
ese
d
a
y
s
th
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ar
e
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
ap
id
l
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
o
lv
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
w
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
-
h
i
er
ar
ch
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
ex
ec
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
’
m
o
d
u
les
b
et
wee
n
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
i
n
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
m
an
n
er
u
s
i
n
g
ed
g
e
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
tili
za
t
io
n
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
o
s
itio
n
s
’
f
o
r
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
es c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
clo
u
d
(
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
)
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
s
t
u
d
ie
d
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Sect
io
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
o
u
r
m
ain
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
I
n
Sectio
n
3
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
Sectio
n
4
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
-
h
ie
r
ar
ch
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
b
as
ed
o
n
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
S
ec
tio
n
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
l
ts
an
d
t
h
ei
r
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
Sectio
n
6
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
c
o
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
CO
NT
RIB
U
T
I
O
N
S
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
ar
e
m
ai
n
l
y
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as
f
o
l
lo
w
s
:
a.
A
m
o
d
u
le
p
lace
m
e
n
t
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
s
u
ch
th
at
m
o
d
u
les
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
co
o
p
er
ativ
el
y
b
et
w
ee
n
n
eig
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es b
y
u
t
ilizi
n
g
t
h
eir
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
r
at
h
er
th
a
n
u
s
i
n
g
f
ar
t
h
er
clo
u
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
b.
S
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
u
s
i
n
g
iFo
g
S
i
m
to
o
lk
i
t,
in
o
r
d
er
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
c.
S
tu
d
y
in
g
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
e
f
f
ec
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
’
o
f
th
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
g
n
o
d
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
clo
u
d
(
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
d
is
ta
n
ce
)
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
u
le
s’
p
lace
m
e
n
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
r
es
u
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
ed
g
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
d
ela
y
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
en
m
o
d
u
le
s
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
its
el
f
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
t
h
at
g
o
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
r
e
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
clo
u
d
an
d
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
us
er
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
by
d
eliv
er
i
n
g
a
f
aster
s
er
v
ice.
3.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
E
x
ten
s
i
v
e
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
t
h
as
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
ch
allen
g
in
g
i
s
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
ep
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
s
u
c
h
as
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
l
y
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
e
d
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
h
a
s
t
w
o
m
a
in
m
o
d
els
:
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
b
ased
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
-
b
a
s
ed
.
T
o
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
g
eo
-
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ed
g
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
to
h
a
n
d
le
p
ea
k
lo
ad
s
a
t
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
t
ier
s
i
n
t
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
.
T
h
e
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
eir
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
d
esig
n
w
it
h
a
f
lat
-
ed
g
e
clo
u
d
d
esig
n
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
r
es
u
lt
s
t
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
d
es
ig
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
2
5
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
e
x
ec
u
ti
o
n
d
ela
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
f
lat
-
ed
g
e
clo
u
d
d
esi
g
n
.
J
ar
ar
w
eh
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
in
teg
r
ated
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
d
esig
n
o
f
clo
u
d
l
et
s
er
v
er
s
d
ep
lo
y
ed
clo
s
e
to
e
n
d
u
s
er
s
w
it
h
th
e
ME
C
s
er
v
er
s
at
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
t
h
e
li
m
ited
co
v
er
ag
e
ar
ea
p
r
o
b
le
m
o
f
W
i
-
Fi
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
ts
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
clo
u
d
let.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
ta
s
k
s
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
lo
ca
l
clo
u
d
let
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
i
n
s
tead
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
ME
C
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
d
el
t
y
p
e
o
f
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
ased
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
296
-
307
298
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
th
eo
r
etica
l
-
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
e
d
b
ased
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
eir
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
teg
r
ate
s
m
o
b
ile
-
ed
g
e
s
er
v
er
s
w
it
h
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
la
y
e
r
s
.
B
o
th
lay
er
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
ith
m
u
ltip
le
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
u
n
its
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
e
n
tit
ies,
s
to
r
ag
e,
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
d
ata
ag
g
r
eg
a
tio
n
an
d
an
I
o
T
u
n
it
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
I
o
T
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
ac
tu
ato
r
s
.
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
lo
ca
l
la
y
er
s
er
v
e
s
ti
m
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
d
o
m
a
in
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
la
y
er
s
er
v
e
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
a
t r
eq
u
ir
e
d
ata
ag
g
r
e
g
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
e
v
er
al
m
o
b
il
e
ed
g
e
s
er
v
er
s
.
Du
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
ap
p
licatio
n
-
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ME
C
p
latf
o
r
m
t
h
at
o
p
ti
m
ize
s
t
h
e
Mo
b
ile
Vir
tu
a
l
Net
w
o
r
k
Op
er
ato
r
s
(
MV
NOs)
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
ef
in
e
d
d
ata
p
lan
e
p
ar
ad
ig
m
.
A
u
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
2
2
]
in
teg
r
ate
ME
C
w
it
h
t
h
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
So
f
t
w
ar
e
De
f
in
ed
Net
w
o
r
k
(
SDN)
a
n
d
Net
w
o
r
k
F
u
n
c
tio
n
s
Vir
tu
aliza
t
io
n
(
NFV)
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
ed
g
e
a
n
d
I
o
T
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
te
x
t,
R
a
v
i
n
d
r
an
et
a
l
.
[
2
3
]
m
er
g
ed
SD
N,
NFV
an
d
I
C
N
to
d
esig
n
an
a
r
ch
itect
u
r
e
f
o
r
ed
g
e
-
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
au
th
o
r
s
i
n
[
2
4
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
tin
g
s
c
h
e
m
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
o
r
d
in
ar
y
an
d
e
m
er
g
e
n
t
d
ela
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
I
o
T
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
co
m
b
i
n
es
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
d
e
f
in
ed
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
An
o
th
er
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
co
m
b
i
n
e
s
SDN
w
i
th
ME
C
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
ag
ilit
y
,
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
e
s
s
,
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
e
h
ic
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
5
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ta
g
e,
C
h
an
n
el
State
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
C
SI)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
y
[
2
6
]
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
ch
e
m
e
s
i
n
ME
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
tak
in
g
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
e
f
f
ec
ts
,
e.
g
.
;
f
ad
in
g
,
on
w
ir
ele
s
s
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate,
w
h
ic
h
af
f
ec
ts
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ata
r
ate,
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
allo
w
ed
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
late
n
c
y
an
d
s
u
i
tab
ilit
y
o
f
c
h
a
n
n
el
s
tate
f
o
r
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
p
aid
a
n
atte
n
tio
n
to
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
an
d
ed
g
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
’
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
,
Hu
et
a
l
.
[
2
7
]
ex
a
m
in
e
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
co
m
p
u
tat
io
n
i
m
p
ac
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
to
ed
g
e
’s
n
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
e
x
s
iti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
o
f
f
lo
ad
task
s
’
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
i
ce
s
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
o
f
f
lo
ad
i
n
g
d
i
s
tan
ce
.
Au
th
o
r
s
in
[
2
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
er
v
ice
s
m
i
g
r
atio
n
p
o
lic
y
i
n
m
o
b
il
e
ed
g
e
-
clo
u
d
s
,
u
s
in
g
a
d
is
ta
n
ce
-
b
ased
Ma
r
k
o
v
Dec
is
io
n
P
r
o
ce
s
s
(
MD
P
)
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ates
u
s
er
’
s
m
o
b
ilit
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
i
n
2
-
D
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
ey
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
f
t
h
eir
m
o
d
el
an
al
y
ticall
y
a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tall
y
o
v
er
v
ar
io
u
s
b
aseli
n
e
m
o
d
el
s
,
s
u
c
h
as:
n
o
m
i
g
r
ati
o
n
,
al
w
a
y
s
m
ig
r
ate,
an
d
m
y
o
p
ic.
In
[
2
9
]
,
a
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
atac
en
ter
s
,
i
n
w
h
ich
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
en
t
is
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
b
ased
o
n
u
s
er
s
’
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
t
y
p
e
o
f
s
er
v
ice,
an
d
p
r
ice.
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
3
0
]
,
its
g
o
al
is
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
f
o
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
tili
za
t
io
n
.
A
h
ier
ar
ch
al
-
f
o
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
er
v
ice
s
in
b
o
th
th
e
clo
u
d
a
n
d
th
e
f
o
g
.
I
n
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
f
o
g
co
lo
n
y
h
as
a
s
et
o
f
f
o
g
ce
ll
s
,
m
o
d
u
les
o
f
I
o
T
,
an
d
o
n
e
f
o
g
-
co
n
tr
o
l
n
o
d
e.
I
t
h
as
t
h
r
ee
la
y
er
s
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
h
as
m
u
ltip
le
f
o
g
co
lo
n
ie
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
la
y
er
h
as
a
f
o
g
-
co
n
tr
o
l
n
o
d
e
th
at
o
r
ch
es
tr
atin
g
an
d
co
n
n
ec
t
s
f
o
g
co
lo
n
ies
to
g
eth
er
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
lay
er
h
as
th
e
f
o
g
-
clo
u
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
id
d
lew
ar
e
th
at
co
n
tr
o
ls
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ices
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
n
o
d
es
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
clo
u
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
eir
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
also
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
en
d
-
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ested
s
er
v
ice
an
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
it
to
a
h
ig
h
er
n
et
w
o
r
k
le
v
el.
Kap
s
alis
et
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
f
o
g
p
latf
o
r
m
t
h
at
h
as
f
o
u
r
la
y
er
s
:
Firs
t
la
y
er
,
o
r
th
e
lo
w
e
s
t
la
y
er
,
co
n
tain
s
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
.
T
h
e
s
e
co
n
d
la
y
er
co
n
tain
s
g
ate
w
a
y
s
n
a
m
ed
h
u
b
la
y
er
th
a
t
co
n
n
e
cts
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
f
ir
s
t
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
lay
er
is
th
e
f
o
g
la
y
er
th
at
h
as
a
f
o
g
b
r
o
k
er
an
d
f
o
g
s
er
v
er
s
th
at
m
an
a
g
es
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
la
y
er
is
t
h
e
clo
u
d
la
y
er
.
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
-
b
ala
n
ce
r
m
o
d
u
le
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
th
e
f
o
g
b
r
o
k
er
,
its
r
o
le
is
to
b
ala
n
ce
f
o
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
tili
za
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
b
atter
ie
s
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices,
laten
c
y
,
a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
u
til
izatio
n
.
A
Me
s
s
a
g
e
Qu
e
u
i
n
g
T
elem
etr
y
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
t
(
MQ
T
T
)
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
in
W
SN
s
[
3
2
]
,
w
h
er
e
e
x
ch
a
n
g
ed
m
e
s
s
a
g
es
co
n
tain
a
co
d
e
th
at
w
il
l
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
,
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
ata
,
an
d
m
e
ta
d
ata
th
at
s
p
ec
i
f
y
tas
k
s
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
t
i
cs.
T
h
e
MQ
T
T
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SDN
-
b
ased
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
[
3
3
]
.
A
cu
s
to
m
ized
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
ed
g
e
s
w
itc
h
es
,
n
a
m
ed
f
o
g
n
o
d
es
,
w
it
h
SD
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
a
MQ
T
T
b
r
o
k
er
is
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
.
Fo
g
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
MQ
T
T
m
as
s
ag
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
es
t
h
eir
d
ata
w
ith
a
ce
r
tain
to
p
ic
,
o
r
ty
p
e.
Af
ter
th
a
t
,
th
e
f
o
g
n
o
d
e
tr
an
s
m
its
t
h
e
m
es
s
ag
e
to
d
ev
ices
r
eq
u
esti
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
t
y
p
e
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
a
n
al
y
tic
al
a
n
al
y
s
is
in
t
h
e
S
DN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
u
c
h
th
at
it a
ct
s
as th
e
ce
n
tr
al
n
o
d
e.
A
d
d
r
ess
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
,
au
t
h
o
r
s
o
f
[
3
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
task
s
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
in
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
-
m
o
b
ile
-
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
co
r
e
s
in
m
o
b
ile
cl
o
u
d
s
th
at
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
to
tal
en
er
g
y
co
s
t
u
s
in
g
c
y
b
er
-
en
ab
led
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
f
o
r
g
r
ee
n
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
3
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
to
p
r
ev
en
t
e
n
er
g
y
w
a
s
ti
n
g
i
n
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
s
w
h
ile
u
s
in
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
i
s
b
ased
o
n
clo
u
d
let
s
la
y
er
b
et
w
ee
n
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
i
ce
s
an
d
t
h
e
clo
u
d
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
ea
r
c
h
to
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
e
x
p
er
i
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
s
an
d
th
e
clo
u
d
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
au
t
h
o
r
s
i
n
[
3
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
er
g
y
a
war
e
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
an
d
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ch
ica
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a
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g
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p
p
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ch
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Ma
h
a
A
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a
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)
299
s
m
ar
t
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
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g
b
ased
o
n
f
o
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p
lat
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R
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g
ar
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g
s
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cu
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it
y
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a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
f
[
3
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
i
n
o
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d
er
to
m
a
x
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m
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s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ac
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le
v
el
s
f
or
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
,
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
a
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
w
it
h
i
n
a
g
i
v
en
ti
m
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
u
s
in
g
m
u
lti
-
ch
a
n
n
el
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
4.
O
UR
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AP
P
RO
ACH
T
h
e
m
ai
n
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ed
g
e
s’
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
t
ilizatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
-
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
:
(
a)
A
n
ed
g
e
-
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
t
h
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ed
g
e
’s
e
n
titi
e
s
.
(
b
)
A
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
i
t
h
a
p
o
l
y
n
o
m
ial
-
ti
m
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
p
r
e
-
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
m
o
d
u
le
s
b
et
w
ee
n
ed
g
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
4
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
a
rc
h
it
ec
t
ure
I
n
th
i
s
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
ed
g
e
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
4
.
1
.
1
.
P
la
t
f
o
rm
f
o
r
e
dg
e
c
o
m
pu
t
in
g
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
,
as
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
co
n
s
is
t
s
t
h
e
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
t
h
r
ee
la
y
er
s
:
(
1
)
-
E
n
d
la
y
er
,
(
2
)
-
E
d
g
e
la
y
er
,
(
3
)
-
Cl
o
u
d
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
e
n
d
la
y
er
i
s
t
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t
la
y
er
th
at
h
as
m
o
b
ile
an
d
I
o
T
d
ev
ices,
e.
g
.
; se
n
s
o
r
s
,
w
it
h
p
o
o
r
o
r
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
e.
g
.
; c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
w
h
er
e
n
o
d
e
s
in
th
is
la
y
er
ca
n
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
ta
s
k
s
w
it
h
a
h
ea
v
y
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
.
A
b
o
v
e
th
e
e
n
d
la
y
er
is
t
h
e
ed
g
e
la
y
er
,
o
r
th
e
m
id
d
le
la
y
er
,
th
at
h
as
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
icall
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
m
e
m
o
r
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
a
clo
s
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
it
y
to
th
e
e
n
d
la
y
er
d
ev
ices.
T
h
is
la
y
er
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
tas
k
s
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
l
y
,
a
n
d
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
p
r
e
-
d
ef
i
n
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
eh
al
f
o
f
th
e
lo
w
er
la
y
er
,
o
r
th
e
en
d
lay
er
,
d
ev
ices
in
a
f
a
s
t
m
a
n
n
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
la
ten
cy
,
a
n
d
also
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
ass
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
clo
u
d
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
u
p
p
er
lay
er
is
n
a
m
ed
clo
u
d
lay
er
,
w
h
ic
h
is
th
e
f
ar
t
h
es
t
la
y
er
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
s
-
d
e
v
ices
i
n
th
i
s
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Du
e
to
th
is
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
n
at
u
r
e,
th
is
w
o
r
k
g
o
al
is
to
m
in
i
m
ize
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
clo
u
d
la
y
er
an
d
o
th
er
la
y
er
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
e
n
d
an
d
ed
g
e
lay
er
s
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
o
u
ti
n
g
r
eq
u
est
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt,
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
a
m
o
u
n
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
u
s
ed
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
an
d
co
n
g
e
s
tio
n
ar
e
al
l
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
clo
u
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
as
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
f
o
r
a
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
to
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
in
d
ep
th
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
if
ed
g
e
-
n
o
d
es
’
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
n
o
t
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
ex
ec
u
ti
n
g
s
o
m
e
tas
k
s
,
th
u
s
,
th
e
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
ese
h
ea
v
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ta
s
k
s
’
r
eq
u
e
st
s
to
th
e
clo
u
d
as a
f
in
a
l r
eso
r
t.
4
.
1
.
2
.
E
d
g
e
n
o
d
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
E
ac
h
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
o
w
n
s
s
to
r
ag
e
,
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
w
a
y
,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
to
th
e
clo
u
d
to
a
ce
r
tain
ex
te
n
t,
w
h
er
e
le
s
s
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
clo
s
er
to
en
d
d
e
v
ices.
M
ov
i
n
g
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
en
d
d
ev
ices,
t
h
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
ailab
le
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
as
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
i
n
d
etai
ls
i
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
S
u
b
s
ec
t
io
n
4
.
2
.
T
ask
s
a
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
s
u
c
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lig
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ile
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eq
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ts
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e
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p
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lev
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eso
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as s
h
o
w
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i
n
Fi
g
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r
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2
.
E
d
g
e
n
o
d
es
m
i
g
h
t
v
ar
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i
n
t
h
eir
av
ailab
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r
e
s
o
u
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s
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a
n
d
h
en
ce
d
ep
en
d
in
g
on
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
ta
s
k
’
s
r
eq
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ir
e
m
en
ts
,
th
e
s
u
i
tab
le
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
is
s
elec
ted
.
E
d
g
e
n
o
d
es
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
h
ea
v
y
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
s
er
v
ices,
s
u
c
h
as
g
a
m
i
n
g
o
r
au
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lit
y
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
w
i
th
m
o
r
e
r
eso
u
r
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s
t
h
an
n
o
d
es
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
li
g
h
t
-
co
m
p
u
tatio
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s
er
v
ices.
T
h
i
s
d
esig
n
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
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ed
co
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e
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ativ
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-
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ier
ar
ch
ical
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
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g
.
;
if
a
n
o
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e
w
it
h
lig
h
t
r
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i
s
f
lo
o
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ed
w
it
h
tas
k
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
an
d
h
as
a
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
th
at
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
h
at
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
ar
e
u
n
d
er
u
tili
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ed
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As
a
r
e
s
u
l
t,
s
o
m
e
tas
k
s
ar
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
th
is
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
r
ath
er
th
a
n
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
th
e
m
f
ar
to
th
e
clo
u
d
la
y
er
.
C
lear
l
y
,
th
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
s
tr
af
f
ic
i
n
th
e
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
w
h
en
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
w
id
e
r
eg
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n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
a
s
m
ar
t
d
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iv
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n
g
ass
is
tan
ce
,
t
h
e
y
ca
n
b
en
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f
it
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
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ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
W
h
en
s
ev
er
al
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
r
eq
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e
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ted
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r
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y
m
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g
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d
is
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to
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a
f
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s
a
m
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if
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ar
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s
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h
en
e
m
p
lo
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o
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ap
p
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ter
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t
h
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is
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ce
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em
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ate
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S
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b
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4
.
2
.
2
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
it
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s
ass
u
m
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at
ea
ch
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g
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n
o
d
e
also
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a
n
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g
e
-
o
r
c
h
estra
tio
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n
o
d
e
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
t
h
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ed
g
e
n
o
d
e.
T
h
is
n
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b
u
f
f
er
s
in
f
o
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m
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ab
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r
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c
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u
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o
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t
h
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cu
r
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tate
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g
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o
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es a
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d
th
e
clo
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d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
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2
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8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
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&
C
o
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
296
-
307
300
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
d
e
n
a
m
ed
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
th
at
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
m
a
k
i
n
g
d
ec
i
s
io
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
e
x
ec
u
t
in
g
tas
k
s
o
n
its
n
o
d
e
’
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
o
r
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
t
h
is
ta
s
k
t
o
a
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
o
r
ev
en
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
it to
th
e
clo
u
d
la
y
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
latf
o
r
m
w
i
th
clo
u
d
an
d
ed
g
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
s
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
d
g
e
n
o
d
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
4
.
2
.
O
ur
pro
po
s
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ch
des
cr
iptio
n
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
ed
g
e
-
n
o
d
e
r
eso
u
r
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s
u
ti
lizatio
n
,
a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
-
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
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in
o
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to
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te
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t
e
ap
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les b
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w
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ei
g
h
b
o
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-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es.
4
.
2
.
1
.
Appl
ica
t
io
n
An
ap
p
licatio
n
to
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
ed
g
e
’s
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
e
-
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
in
to
m
o
d
u
les
; su
c
h
th
at
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le
co
n
d
u
cts
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
a
r
titi
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
b
u
t
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
en
ti
t
y
,
e.
g
.
;
co
m
p
i
ler
,
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
or
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
in
to
m
o
d
u
le
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
R
A
M
s
ize
,
r
eq
u
ir
ed
C
P
U
ti
m
e
,
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
s
ize.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
d
ir
ec
ted
g
r
ap
h
,
a
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
d
ata
f
lo
w
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
[
38]
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
ed
by
a
v
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t
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d
d
ata
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ec
tio
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et
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m
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4
.
2
.
2
.
Alg
o
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h
m
f
o
r
m
o
du
le
s
pla
ce
m
e
nt
T
h
e
p
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-
p
ar
titi
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ed
ap
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licatio
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m
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d
u
les
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r
ec
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b
y
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e
e
d
g
e
-
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
n
e
ed
s
o
f
m
e
m
o
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
e
b
aselin
e
m
o
d
u
le
p
lace
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
,
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at
u
s
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i
n
iFo
g
S
im
s
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u
lato
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p
an
n
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g
t
h
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co
n
s
tr
u
cted
g
r
ap
h
f
r
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t
h
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b
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tto
m
to
th
e
t
o
p
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
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ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
,
th
at
is
s
ea
r
ch
i
n
g
f
o
r
a
s
u
itab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
to
as
s
ig
n
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
i
f
t
h
e
r
e
ar
e
n
o
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
a
tis
f
y
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
n
ee
d
s,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
will
b
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
I
n
[
3
0
]
,
a
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
h
as
u
tili
z
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an
d
late
n
c
y
m
etr
ic
s
f
o
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t
h
e
r
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o
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r
ce
s
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
n
o
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e
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
u
til
izatio
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an
d
t
h
e
d
ela
y
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
es
a
r
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
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.
I
n
t
h
is
p
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p
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s
ed
w
o
r
k
,
t
h
e
p
l
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o
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m
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s
p
an
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h
o
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n
ta
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ea
r
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h
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f
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r
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tab
le
r
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in
n
ei
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h
b
o
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g
n
o
d
es,
as
ass
i
g
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
to
t
h
e
clo
u
d
is
t
h
e
la
s
t
r
eso
r
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
m
o
d
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le
’s
p
lace
m
en
t i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
t
h
e
b
elo
w
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t,
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
an
d
is
ex
p
lain
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
I
n
th
e
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e,
t
h
e
o
r
ch
es
tr
atio
n
n
o
d
e
k
ee
p
s
leaf
-
to
-
r
o
o
t
p
ath
s
f
o
r
th
e
h
o
s
t
s
,
also
it
k
ee
p
s
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
P
U
u
tili
za
t
io
n
(
b
u
s
y
ti
m
e)
of
ea
c
h
h
o
s
t.
T
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
ti
o
n
n
o
d
e
r
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r
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id
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g
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n
o
d
e
b
y
a
tr
ee
s
tr
u
c
t
u
r
e
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
o
w
er
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
t
h
e
least
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
h
o
s
t
s
ar
e
th
e
lea
v
es
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
h
o
s
t
is
t
h
e
r
o
o
t.
A
p
p
ar
en
tl
y
,
a
leaf
-
to
-
r
o
o
t
p
ath
h
a
s
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
h
o
s
t
s
o
f
ex
ec
u
t
in
g
a
m
o
d
u
le;
w
h
er
e
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
v
is
i
ts
ea
c
h
p
ath
f
r
o
m
lea
f
-
to
-
r
o
o
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
m
o
d
u
le
s
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
h
o
s
t
s
w
ith
le
s
s
p
o
w
er
,
if
t
h
e
y
s
a
tis
f
y
m
o
d
u
les
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
th
at
clo
s
er
to
en
d
d
ev
ices,
b
ef
o
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
lev
el
in
o
r
d
er
to
lo
o
k
f
o
r
a
v
ailab
le
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
2.
T
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
s
ch
e
d
u
les
t
h
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
e
x
ec
u
t
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
les
in
t
h
e
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
m
,
e.
g
.
; a
m
o
d
u
le
m
a
y
n
ee
d
s
o
m
e
m
o
d
u
les r
es
u
lts
a
s
in
p
u
t d
ata
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
o
p
era
tive
h
iera
r
ch
ica
l b
a
s
e
d
ed
g
e
-
c
o
mp
u
tin
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
f
o
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
llo
ca
tio
n
o
f
...
(
Ma
h
a
A
lja
r
a
h
)
301
3.
T
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
v
i
s
it
s
l
ea
f
-
to
-
r
o
o
t
p
ath
s
o
f
h
o
s
ts
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
o
d
u
le
,
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
f
ea
s
ib
il
it
y
o
f
ex
ec
u
ti
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
o
n
t
h
i
s
h
o
s
t,
e.
g
.
; i
f
a
v
ailab
le
C
P
U
ti
m
e
is
e
n
o
u
g
h
.
4.
I
f
t
h
e
h
o
s
t
is
ab
le
to
ex
ec
u
t
e
t
h
is
m
o
d
u
le,
t
h
er
eb
y
t
h
e
o
r
ch
e
s
tr
atio
n
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
u
le
to
t
h
is
h
o
s
t
an
d
also
it
u
p
d
ates it
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t CP
U
’s
lo
ad
f
or
th
is
h
o
s
t a
n
d
t
h
is
m
o
d
u
le.
5.
E
ls
e,
if
t
h
e
h
o
s
ts
i
n
th
i
s
le
v
e
l
(
lo
w
e
s
t
le
v
el)
alo
n
g
t
h
e
p
at
h
d
o
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
en
o
u
g
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
t
o
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
m
o
d
u
le,
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
ch
ec
k
s
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
lev
el
f
o
r
o
th
er
ca
p
ab
le
h
o
s
ts
,
if
e
x
is
t
.
6.
T
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
ch
ec
k
s
all
le
v
el
s
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e,
an
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
e
x
ec
u
t
in
g
it
o
n
a
n
eig
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
o
r
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
.
I
f
th
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
is
u
n
ab
le
to
ex
ec
u
te
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
e
in
s
id
e
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ed
g
e
-
n
o
d
e,
d
u
e
to
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
'
s
ex
ce
s
s
i
v
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
,
e.
g
.
;
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
o
w
er
,
w
h
ic
h
is
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
u
n
av
a
ilab
le
at
h
o
s
ts
i
n
s
id
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
e
o
r
ch
es
tr
atio
n
n
o
d
e
w
ill
s
o
r
t
its
n
e
ig
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
an
d
th
e
clo
u
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
e
s
ti
m
ated
d
ela
y
to
r
ea
ch
ea
ch
o
f
t
h
e
m
.
7.
T
h
e
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
s
tar
ts
w
it
h
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
th
at
h
a
s
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
-
r
ea
ch
a
b
ilit
y
esti
m
ate
d
d
elay
,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
it
s
a
r
eq
u
est
f
o
r
ex
ec
u
t
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
to
t
h
is
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e.
8.
In
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
o
n
e
lev
el
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
is
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
,
e.
g
.
;
if
t
h
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
-
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
a
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
it
ch
ec
k
s
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
m
o
d
u
le
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
n
l
y
at
its
h
ig
h
e
s
t le
v
el
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
9.
I
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
-
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
eig
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e,
it
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
al
l
r
eq
u
ir
ed
d
ata
f
o
r
ex
ec
u
tin
g
t
h
i
s
m
o
d
u
le
to
t
h
is
n
eig
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e.
10.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
i
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
-
o
r
ch
estra
tio
n
n
o
d
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
n
eig
h
b
o
r
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
w
il
l
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
i
s
m
o
d
u
le
to
th
e
clo
u
d
as th
e
las
t r
eso
r
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
le
p
lace
m
e
n
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
A
p
p
ar
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
th
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
in
ti
m
e,
w
h
ich
i
s
O(
M
*
P
*
N)
,
w
h
er
e
M,
P
,
N
ar
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
les,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
at
h
s
w
it
h
in
th
e
ed
g
e
n
o
d
e
its
el
f
,
a
n
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
-
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
0
:
296
-
307
302
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
S RE
SU
L
T
S
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
-
Hier
ar
ch
ica
l
b
ased
E
d
g
e
-
C
o
m
p
u
tin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
le
s
-
p
lace
m
en
t
a
g
ain
s
t
a
b
aselin
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
iFo
g
S
im
s
im
u
latio
n
i
s
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
[
3
8
]
w
h
ich
is
a
C
lo
u
d
Si
m
ex
ten
s
io
n
[
3
9
]
f
o
r
f
o
g
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g.
5
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n
s
ce
na
rio
s
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
[
3
8
]
is
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
f
o
r
o
u
r
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
,
wh
ich
is
a
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
f
o
r
E
lectr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
ap
h
y
(
E
E
G)
o
n
l
in
e
T
r
ac
t
o
r
B
ea
m
Ga
m
e,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
ea
ch
p
la
y
er
w
ea
r
s
elec
tr
o
en
ce
p
h
alo
g
r
a
m
h
ea
d
s
e
t
th
at
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
i
th
a
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
tr
an
s
m
i
t
u
s
e
r
’
s
b
r
ain
s
tate
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
’
s
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
o
w
s
all
p
la
y
er
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
an
o
b
j
ec
t,
s
u
ch
th
at
ea
ch
p
la
y
er
tr
ies
to
p
u
ll
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
to
w
ar
d
h
i
m
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t’
s
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
le
v
el
o
f
ea
ch
p
la
y
er
;
co
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
la
y
er
t
h
at
h
as
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
le
v
el
w
il
l
s
u
cc
ee
d
to
p
u
ll
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
to
w
ar
d
h
i
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
le
s
:
(
1
)
-
C
lien
t,
(
2
)
-
C
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ca
lcu
lat
o
r
,
(
3
)
-
C
o
o
r
d
in
ato
r
.
T
h
e
c
lien
t
m
o
d
u
le
r
ec
eiv
es
E
E
G
s
e
n
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
an
d
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es t
h
e
m
,
an
d
t
h
en
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
th
e
m
to
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
-
ca
l
cu
lato
r
m
o
d
u
le.
Ne
x
t,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
-
ca
lcu
lato
r
m
o
d
u
le
f
in
d
s
t
h
e
v
alu
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th
e
p
la
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co
n
ce
n
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at
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n
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it
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e
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ac
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o
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Af
ter
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lien
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ce
n
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atio
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-
ca
lc
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lat
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an
s
m
its
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h
e
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lt
s
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er
i
o
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ically
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e
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o
r
d
in
ato
r
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o
d
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w
h
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r
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le
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o
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al
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g
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tate
s
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.
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cc
o
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g
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la
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ed
g
lo
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al
s
tate
o
f
th
e
g
a
m
e
is
u
p
d
ated
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Fig
u
r
e
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
an
d
d
ata
f
lo
w
b
et
w
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n
E
E
G
-
g
a
m
e
m
o
d
u
le
s
[
3
8
]
.
T
u
p
les
ar
e
th
e
task
’s
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
a
n
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
r
e
d
b
etw
ee
n
m
o
d
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les
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at
u
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o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
m
o
d
u
le.
E
ac
h
t
u
p
le
h
as
a
t
y
p
e,
in
o
u
r
s
ce
n
a
r
io
,
tu
p
les
ar
e
s
en
t
b
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
to
th
e
clie
n
t
m
o
d
u
l
e
ar
e
E
E
G
ty
p
e
th
at
co
n
tain
E
E
G
-
s
e
n
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
W
h
ile
t
u
p
les
th
at
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
f
r
o
m
th
e
clie
n
t
to
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
-
ca
lc
u
lato
r
m
o
d
u
le,
an
d
th
at
af
ter
co
n
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u
cti
n
g
s
en
s
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-
p
r
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ce
s
s
in
g
,
h
a
v
e
t
h
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en
s
o
r
t
y
p
e
an
d
s
o
o
n
,
as
ill
u
s
tr
a
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ge
n
er
all
y
,
e
ac
h
t
u
p
le
t
y
p
e
h
a
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
task
’
s
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ec
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tio
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e
,
d
ata
s
ize
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b
y
te
s
b
ef
o
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e
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ec
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tio
n
,
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d
o
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r
eq
u
ir
ed
ch
ar
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ter
is
t
ics
th
at
n
ee
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ed
to
ex
ec
u
te
t
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e
t
ask
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
EEG
-
T
r
ac
to
r
B
ea
m
Ga
m
e
m
o
d
u
les [
3
8
]
W
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
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n
t
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th
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co
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es,
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ch
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atio
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er
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ices
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er
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n
t
s
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r
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m
1
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0
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d
ev
ices.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ed
g
e
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co
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p
lat
f
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e
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r
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h
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tio
n
n
o
d
es
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d
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
d
ela
y
b
et
w
ee
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s.
I
t
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
u
s
in
g
iFo
g
S
im
to
o
lk
it.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
p
latf
o
r
m
w
it
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es
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o
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m
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r
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i
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r
at
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ar
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cter
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ical
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303
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
E
d
g
e
-
co
m
p
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ti
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g
d
ev
elo
p
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latf
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o
u
r
p
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ap
p
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;
(
b
)
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co
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p
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ti
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g
d
e
v
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ed
p
latf
o
r
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w
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t o
r
ch
estr
at
i
o
n
n
o
d
es (
b
aselin
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
)
5
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
m
et
rics
T
o
e
va
l
ua
te
o
ur
pr
o
p
os
e
d
a
p
pr
oa
c
h,
w
e
i
nt
r
o
du
c
e
d
t
he
f
o
ll
o
w
i
ng
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
:
1.
T
ot
a
l
de
l
a
y:
i
s
t
he
t
ot
a
l
t
i
m
e
de
l
a
y
t
ha
t
r
e
qu
i
r
e
d
f
or
e
xe
c
ut
i
n
g
al
l
t
u
pl
e
s
(
t
a
s
ks
)
i
nc
l
u
di
n
g
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
at
i
on
de
l
a
y,
d
ue
t
o
t
he
f
a
ct
t
ha
t
t
he
s
e
t
u
pl
e
s
t
r
a
ve
l
f
r
o
m
on
e
m
o
d
ul
e
t
o
a
no
t
he
r
o
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ho
s
t
s
a
n
d/
or
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
e
dg
e
n
od
e
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
t
he
t
ot
a
l
t
i
m
e
de
l
a
y
i
nc
l
u
de
s
ne
t
w
or
k
c
o
m
m
un
i
c
a
ti
on
,
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
,
c
on
ge
s
ti
o
n,
a
n
d
c
ol
li
s
i
on
t
i
m
e
.
2.
T
hr
o
u
gh
p
ut
:
i
s
t
he
t
ot
al
n
u
m
be
r
of
da
t
a
t
u
pl
e
s
e
xe
c
ut
e
d
pe
r
t
i
m
e
u
ni
t
.
I
t
i
s
e
va
l
ua
t
e
d
b
y
us
i
ng
(
1)
,
w
he
r
e
T
de
n
ot
e
s
t
ot
a
l
n
u
m
be
r
of
t
he
e
xe
c
ut
e
d
t
up
l
e
s
a
nd
D
de
n
ot
e
s
t
he
t
ot
al
de
l
a
y.
(
1
)
3.
N
e
t
w
or
k
l
oa
d:
i
s
t
he
a
m
o
un
t
of
da
t
a
t
u
pl
e
s
t
ha
t
t
r
a
ve
l
s
i
n
t
he
ne
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
oc
c
up
i
e
s
it
f
or
a
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
a
m
ou
nt
of
t
i
m
e
.
I
t
i
s
e
va
l
ua
te
d
b
y
us
i
n
g
(
2)
,
w
he
r
e
N
d
i
de
no
t
e
s
t
he
t
ot
al
de
l
a
y
of
t
he
i
th
t
u
pl
e
a
n
d
Nw
i
de
n
ot
e
s
t
he
i
th
t
up
l
e
s
iz
e
.
∑
(
2
)
N
ot
ic
e
t
ha
t
t
he
ne
t
w
or
k
l
o
a
d
i
nc
l
u
de
s
c
on
ge
s
t
i
on
a
n
d
c
ol
li
s
i
o
ns
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
ne
t
w
or
k
l
oa
d
r
e
du
c
t
i
on
l
ea
ds
t
o
r
e
du
c
e
c
o
ll
i
s
i
o
ns
a
nd
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
c
o
ng
e
s
t
i
o
n.
A
s
ab
o
v
e
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
in
v
er
s
el
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
to
tal
d
elay
,
w
h
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
l
o
ad
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
v
er
all
d
ela
y
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
i
n
S
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
3
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
at
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
is
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
to
tal
d
ela
y
f
o
r
tu
p
les
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
.
Fo
r
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
,
t
h
ese
m
e
tr
ics
a
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
fo
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tu
p
les
e
x
ec
u
ted
in
b
o
th
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
:
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
th
e
b
aseli
n
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
as
th
eir
ar
ch
itect
u
r
es
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
I
n
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
,
w
h
e
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ev
ice
s
i
n
ed
g
e
n
o
d
es
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
clea
r
l
y
,
m
o
r
e
tu
p
les
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
an
d
h
e
n
ce
,
t
h
e
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
v
alid
it
y
f
o
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
is
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
.
5
.
3
.
S
i
m
ula
t
io
n r
es
ults a
nd
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
-
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
p
lace
m
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
all
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
s
h
av
e
s
a
m
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
allo
w
s
t
h
e
m
to
ex
ec
u
te
o
n
l
y
t
h
e
clie
n
t
s’
m
o
d
u
le
s
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
ed
g
e
s
er
v
er
s
h
av
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
s
o
m
e
s
er
v
er
s
c
an
ex
ec
u
te
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
-
ca
lc
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I
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I
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10
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1
,
Feb
r
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2
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2
0
:
296
-
307
304
1)
A
n
e
xt
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ns
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ve
s
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ul
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ti
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c
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a
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v
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ce
s
in
t
h
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2)
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xt
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pe
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e
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c
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m
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.
3)
M
o
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e
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ve
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,
t
hi
s
w
or
k
de
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
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.
3
.
1
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Av
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Dela
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g
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ed
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ec
r
ea
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m
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s
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h
at
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ir
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r
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r
eq
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ir
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m
en
ts
.
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h
er
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o
r
e,
s
o
m
e
tu
p
les
ar
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f
o
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w
ar
d
ed
to
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eig
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ed
g
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d
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in
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s
.
Fu
r
t
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er
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Fig
u
r
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6
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3
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2
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
Fig
u
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p
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es t
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r
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ap
p
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es t
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e
t
h
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o
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g
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p
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t
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n
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f
ica
n
tl
y
.
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t is
in
t
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esti
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g
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o
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ee
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h
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t
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e
p
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ce
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.
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l
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,
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h
e
n
th
e
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u
m
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er
o
f
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e
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ices
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es,
m
o
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tu
p
le
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ated
,
a
n
d
t
h
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s
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r
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n
h
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n
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d
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r
ad
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.
A
n
i
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ter
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er
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is
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o
tic
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,
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
ev
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i
n
c
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ea
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es,
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
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t
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c
h
es
a
s
at
u
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el.
E
v
e
n
w
it
h
t
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is
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atu
r
atio
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,
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p
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p
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ap
p
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tp
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m
s
th
e
b
asel
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ap
p
r
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ac
h
.
5
.
3
.
3
.
Net
w
o
rk
l
oad
Net
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
en
h
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
m
ea
n
s
r
ed
u
ct
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n
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n
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et
w
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k
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n
g
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tio
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n
d
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llis
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s
.
As
p
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,
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e
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r
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ases
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e
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b
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et
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F
ig
u
r
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8
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s
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ates
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h
at
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cti
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w
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v
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n
t
h
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p
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m
.
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n
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te
w
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o
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t
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et
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th
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t
d
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r
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u
e
to
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m
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les
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ated
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w
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Fig
u
r
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6
.
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Fig
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r
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.
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d
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et
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ei
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h
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o
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ed
g
e
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o
d
es,
w
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th
is
ap
p
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o
ac
h
h
as
a
p
o
l
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ial
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ti
m
e
co
m
p
le
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it
y
.
Als
o
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th
i
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
th
at
f
ac
ilit
a
tes
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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et
w
ee
n
ed
g
e
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o
d
es.
In
s
i
m
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
,
iFo
g
S
im
to
o
lk
it
[
3
8
]
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
u
le
p
lace
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en
t
a
lg
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h
m
is
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ted
o
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l
y
d
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r
i
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g
ap
p
licatio
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d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
p
h
a
s
e.
Si
m
u
la
tio
n
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
ad
o
p
tin
g
th
e
p
r
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ed
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p
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latf
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m
p
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m
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ce
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y
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d
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cin
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th
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o
v
er
all
laten
c
y
,
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ed
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c
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et
w
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k
c
o
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tio
n
,
a
n
d
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m
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t
h
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o
u
g
h
p
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t.
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r
eo
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,
t
h
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n
d
-
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
.
As
a
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
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k
,
w
e
p
lan
to
s
t
u
d
y
ca
s
e
s
w
it
h
a
d
y
n
a
m
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m
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o
f
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h
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en
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ir
o
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m
e
n
t,
an
d
h
o
w
th
is
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
s
e
n
d
-
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
F
ra
n
c
is
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
Clo
u
d
Ex
e
c
u
ti
o
n
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
F
o
g
,
Ed
g
e
,
a
n
d
Clo
n
e
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
4
6
4
6
-
4
6
5
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
Y.
P
ra
d
h
a
n
a
n
g
a
a
n
d
P
.
Ra
jara
jes
wa
ri
,
“
T
iarra
h
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
T
h
e
Ne
x
t
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
4
7
-
1
2
5
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
P.
P
ra
k
a
sh
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
o
g
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
Iss
u
e
s,
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
F
u
tu
r
e
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
3
6
6
9
-
3
6
7
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
K.
Qa
d
d
o
u
m
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
El
a
stic
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
lo
a
d
p
re
d
ictio
n
i
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
g
rid
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9,
pp.
1
2
0
1
-
1
2
0
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
K.
S
u
m
a
lath
a
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
A
n
b
a
ra
si
,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
o
n
v
a
rio
u
s
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
o
f
re
so
u
rc
e
p
ro
v
isi
o
n
i
n
g
in
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
6
2
9
-
6
3
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
F
.
Bo
n
o
m
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
o
g
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Its
Ro
le
in
t
h
e
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
fi
rs
t
e
d
it
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
M
CC wo
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
M
o
b
il
e
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
F
i
n
lan
d
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
M
.
S
a
ty
a
n
a
ra
y
a
n
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
Ca
se
f
o
r
V
M
-
Ba
se
d
Clo
u
d
lets
in
M
o
b
i
le
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
Per
v
a
siv
e
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l.
8
,
2
0
0
9
.
[8
]
S
.
L
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
5
G
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s: A
su
rv
e
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
d
u
stri
a
l
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
In
te
g
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
J.
Ch
e
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
In
d
u
strial
Io
T
in
5
G
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
to
wa
rd
s
s
m
a
rt
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
d
u
stria
l
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
Y.
C.
Hu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
-
b
il
e
-
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
-
in
tro
d
u
c
to
ry
tec
h
n
ica
l
w
h
it
e
p
a
p
e
r,
”
W
h
it
e
P
a
p
e
r,
M
o
b
il
e
-
e
d
g
e
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
(
M
EC)
in
d
u
stry
i
n
it
i
a
t
ive
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
Y.
C.
Hu
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
o
b
il
e
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
A
k
e
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
w
a
r
d
s 5
G
,
”
ET
S
I
W
h
it
e
Pa
p
e
r,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
S
h
i
W
.
a
n
d
Du
st
d
a
r
S
.
,
“
T
h
e
p
ro
m
is
e
o
f
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
3
]
C.
Y.
Ch
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
EC
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
ra
l
im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
LT
E/
LT
E
-
A
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s,”
in
Pro
c
.
ACM
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
o
n
M
o
b
il
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
Evo
lvi
n
g
I
n
ter
n
e
t
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
(
M
o
b
iA
rc
h
)
,
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
S.
K.
S
h
a
rm
a
a
n
d
X.
W
a
n
g
,
“
L
iv
e
Da
ta
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
s
w
it
h
Co
ll
a
b
o
ra
t
iv
e
Ed
g
e
a
n
d
Cl
o
u
d
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
in
W
irele
ss
Io
T
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
5
]
T.
H.
L
u
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
o
g
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
:
F
o
c
u
sin
g
o
n
M
o
b
il
e
Us
e
rs at t
h
e
Ed
g
e
,
”
a
rXiv p
re
-
p
ri
n
t
tec
h
n
ica
l
re
p
o
rt,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
M
.
G
rit
ter an
d
D.
R.
Ch
e
rit
o
n
,
“
An
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
f
o
r
c
o
n
ten
t
ro
u
ti
n
g
su
p
p
o
rt
in
t
h
e
In
tern
e
t,
”
US
ENIX
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s (
US
IT
S
)
,
S
a
n
F
ra
n
c
isc
o
,
2
0
0
1
.
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