I
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t
io
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l J
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urna
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f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
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ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
,
p
p
.
3
2
0
7
~
3
2
1
6
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
ec
e.
v
7
i
6
.
pp
3
2
0
7
-
3216
3207
J
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ur
na
l ho
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ttp
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Driv
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De
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1
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cc
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a
c
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CC)
w
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teristi
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s
o
f
lo
a
d
a
n
d
tran
sf
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e
rs
is
p
re
se
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ted
.
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h
e
d
if
f
e
re
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c
e
is
th
a
t
o
n
e
c
ircu
i
t
h
a
s
P
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m
o
to
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d
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e
s
a
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d
th
e
o
th
e
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d
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s
n
o
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m
.
In
th
e
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,
a
p
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c
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th
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d
b
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teriz
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)
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n
d
c
u
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(T
HD
I),
in
d
iv
id
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a
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
isto
rti
o
n
(I
V
D),
i
n
d
iv
i
d
u
a
l
c
u
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n
t
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
(ICD)
a
n
d
K
-
F
a
c
to
r
is
a
p
p
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e
d
.
A
s
re
su
lt
,
it
w
a
s
o
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se
rv
e
d
th
a
t
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e
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te
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g
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
m
a
in
l
y
o
f
f
i
f
th
a
n
d
se
v
e
n
th
o
rd
e
r
w
it
h
v
a
lu
e
s
th
a
t
e
x
c
e
e
d
li
m
it
s
e
sta
b
li
sh
e
d
b
y
sta
n
d
a
rd
s
in
b
o
th
c
ircu
it
s.
W
it
h
th
e
se
v
a
lu
e
s,
th
e
o
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e
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ti
o
n
o
f
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m
e
n
ts
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c
h
a
s
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs,
m
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o
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a
n
d
tran
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a
n
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ffe
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ted
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th
e
w
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e
m
o
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stra
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a
t
i
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ics
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s p
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:
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lectr
ical
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d
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ial
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te
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Har
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tatis
tical
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al
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s
Co
p
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rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
7
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
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.
Al
l
rig
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.
C
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p
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A
uth
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:
Her
n
an
Her
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án
d
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Her
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,
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ical
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Dep
ar
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o
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Un
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e
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C
o
s
ta,
C
alle
5
8
No
.
5
5
-
6
6
,
B
ar
r
an
q
u
illa,
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o
lo
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.
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m
ail:
h
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d
1
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@
c
u
c.
ed
u
.
co
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
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p
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tech
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t
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ated
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elec
tr
o
n
ics
in
th
e
n
ea
r
f
u
tu
r
e
[
1
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.
I
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
t
h
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is
a
w
id
e
s
p
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u
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o
f
m
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u
p
p
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f
r
o
m
s
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al
t
y
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o
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s
tate
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–
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
VSD
s
)
[
2
]
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese,
th
e
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
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(
P
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m
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to
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h
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m
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m
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tag
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
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ar
io
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s
o
th
er
VSDs
[
3
]
.
Hig
h
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eliab
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y
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
,
lo
w
co
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t,
an
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f
ic
ien
t
an
d
f
ast
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d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
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co
n
tr
o
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i
n
m
a
n
y
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u
to
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ated
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n
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
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s
an
d
th
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o
s
s
ib
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f
s
av
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g
u
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to
6
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er
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y
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ar
e
th
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m
ai
n
r
ea
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s
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o
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th
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ten
s
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v
e
u
s
e
o
f
P
W
M
m
o
to
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r
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es
[
4
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-
[
6
]
.
Ho
w
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er
,
t
h
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er
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n
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
P
W
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m
o
to
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d
r
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an
d
its
elec
tr
o
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ic
co
m
p
o
s
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n
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
is
to
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n
o
n
v
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e
an
d
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r
r
en
t
w
av
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it
h
ab
u
n
d
an
t
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
[
7
]
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
v
o
ltag
e
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
m
ag
n
etic
co
r
e
lo
s
s
e
s
i
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
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m
er
s
,
w
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h
ar
m
o
n
ics
cu
r
r
en
t i
n
cr
ea
s
e
lo
s
s
e
s
i
n
w
i
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
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o
f
m
o
s
t o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
elec
tr
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s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
ese
lo
s
s
e
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ca
u
s
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
a
n
d
li
f
e
-
s
p
a
n
r
ed
u
ctio
n
[
8
]
.
So
m
e
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
h
a
v
e
s
t
u
d
ied
th
e
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f
ec
ts
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
r
o
d
u
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b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
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es
o
r
b
y
o
th
er
s
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
d
ev
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o
n
elec
tr
ical
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
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y
s
te
m
s
ele
m
en
ts
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
m
o
to
r
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
an
d
ca
p
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r
b
an
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s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
0
7
–
3
2
1
6
3208
I
n
[
2
]
,
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
P
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in
v
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s
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n
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0
%.
I
n
[
1
]
,
[
9
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,
a
cu
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o
s
t
h
ar
m
f
u
l
f
o
r
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
a
1
0
0
h
p
m
o
to
r
s
u
p
p
lies
w
it
h
6
%
o
f
I
VD
o
f
f
if
th
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ic,
r
ed
u
ce
d
its
m
o
to
r
li
f
e
i
n
1
8
%.
I
n
[
1
2
]
,
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
t
h
e
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
3
%,
i
n
a
1
.
5
k
W
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
o
f
f
if
t
h
a
n
d
s
ev
e
n
t
h
o
r
d
er
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
s
al
s
o
h
a
v
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
th
e
o
s
cillat
io
n
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
Stu
d
ies
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
a
t
w
it
h
t
y
p
ical
v
al
u
es
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
lev
el
s
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
alan
ce
allo
w
ed
b
y
[
1
4
]
,
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
lev
el
s
u
n
d
er
w
h
ich
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
is
n
o
t
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
b
ea
r
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
P
W
M
d
r
iv
er
s
in
m
o
to
r
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
o
f
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
,
ca
u
s
e
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
r
ict
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
r
ac
es
an
d
r
o
lls
an
d
d
am
a
g
e
o
f
b
ea
r
in
g
in
a
s
h
o
r
t
ti
m
e.
Ot
h
er
s
t
u
d
ies
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
in
ad
eq
u
at
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
o
f
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
atio
(
M)
a
n
d
s
w
i
tc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
f
c)
o
f
P
W
M
d
r
iv
er
s
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
t
h
e
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
s
s
es
o
f
m
o
to
r
s
,
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
it
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
L
o
s
s
es
a
n
d
li
f
e
e
x
p
ec
tan
c
y
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
an
d
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
lo
ad
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
[
8
]
,
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
co
r
e
lo
s
s
es
co
u
ld
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
p
to
1
5
%
in
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
d
u
e
to
ef
f
e
cts
o
f
h
i
g
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics c
u
r
r
en
t p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
d
o
m
e
s
tic
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
K
-
Facto
r
i
s
a
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
lo
s
s
es
a
n
d
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
t
h
e
lif
e
ex
p
ec
tati
v
e
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
K
-
Facto
r
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
h
ea
ti
n
g
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
en
t
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
K
-
Facto
r
is
u
s
ed
i
n
[
2
1
]
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
lif
e
-
s
p
a
n
.
Fo
r
a
2
5
k
VA
p
o
le
-
t
y
p
e
o
il
-
i
m
m
er
s
ed
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
w
o
r
k
in
g
w
it
h
(
K
-
Facto
r
=1
2
)
,
r
elativ
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
i
n
6
.
6
C
in
th
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
r
e.
I
n
[
2
2
]
is
an
al
y
s
ed
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
ad
j
u
s
tab
le
-
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es
i
n
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
ar
e
t
h
e
p
r
em
at
u
r
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ics,
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
an
d
r
u
s
tli
n
g
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
b
an
k
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
[
2
3
]
,
is
s
h
o
w
th
a
t e
ac
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
o
r
d
er
af
f
ec
t
s
i
n
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
w
a
y
to
ca
p
ac
ito
r
d
iel
ec
tr
ic,
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
ese,
t
h
ir
d
-
o
r
d
er
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
h
ar
m
f
u
l
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
f
ail
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
o
n
lo
w
v
o
lt
ag
e
p
o
w
er
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
d
u
e
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
eso
n
an
c
e
ef
f
ec
ts
is
an
a
l
y
s
ed
in
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
2
5
b
an
k
s
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
w
i
th
T
HD
v
o
ltag
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
5
% c
a
u
s
ed
th
at
5
6
% o
f
th
e
b
an
k
s
h
ad
a
u
s
ef
u
l li
f
e
o
n
l
y
u
p
to
4
m
o
n
t
h
s
[
2
4
]
.
Du
e
to
th
e
is
s
u
es
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
,
th
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
n
elec
tr
ical
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
id
en
ti
f
y
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
ce
o
f
h
i
g
h
le
v
els
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
ta
k
e
ac
tio
n
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
its
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
m
o
to
r
s
,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
d
e
v
ices [
2
5
]
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
q
u
alit
y
in
t
w
o
-
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
f
t
w
o
b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
i
n
a
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
I
n
[
8
]
,
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
al
it
y
i
n
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
th
a
t
f
ee
d
s
a
r
esi
d
en
tial
p
o
w
er
g
r
id
is
an
al
y
s
ed
.
I
n
[
2
6
]
,
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
in
an
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
it
w
it
h
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
m
p
u
ter
s
a
r
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
s
u
g
ar
ce
n
tr
if
u
g
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
n
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
o
f
a
s
u
g
ar
in
d
u
s
tr
y
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
is
s
tu
d
ied
i
n
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
g
en
er
ated
b
y
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
in
r
esid
en
t
ial,
co
m
m
er
cial
an
d
o
f
f
ice
lo
ad
s
ar
e
s
t
u
d
ied
in
[
2
8
]
.
Un
li
k
e
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
ab
o
v
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
ev
alu
ates
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
i
n
an
e
lectr
ical
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
a
w
h
ea
t
f
lo
u
r
m
ill
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
I
n
Sect
io
n
I
I
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
,
s
tati
s
tical
to
o
ls
,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
u
s
ed
,
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
.
I
n
Sectio
n
I
I
I
,
r
esu
lts
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
o
f
ev
a
lu
at
io
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
d
is
t
o
r
tio
n
g
en
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
i
n
t
w
o
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
cir
c
u
its
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
C
ir
cu
i
ts
h
av
e
s
i
m
ilar
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
lo
ad
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
an
d
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
li
n
g
(
P
C
C
)
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
is
t
h
at
o
n
e
cir
cu
it h
a
s
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
d
o
es n
o
t i
n
c
lu
d
e
it.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
H
a
r
m
o
nic D
i
s
t
o
rt
io
n P
a
ra
m
et
er
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
lied
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
izi
n
g
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
:
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
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o
f
v
o
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g
e
(
T
HDV)
,
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tal
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
d
is
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n
o
f
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r
r
en
t
(
T
HDI
)
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in
d
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is
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tio
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(
I
VD)
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in
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al
c
u
r
r
en
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
I
C
D)
an
d
K
-
Facto
r
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
T
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V,
T
HDI
,
I
VD
an
d
I
C
D
ar
e
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
th
e
I
E
E
E
Std
-
1159
-
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
[
1
4
]
as
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
Ha
r
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Gen
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to
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in
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lectrica
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la
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3209
(
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(
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(
3
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(
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W
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ip
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ar
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ip
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ax
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1
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d
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at
P
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;
t
h
e
l
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I
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an
d
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C
D
ar
e
o
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s
er
v
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
[
1
4
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
i
m
it
s
o
f
T
HDV,
T
H
DI
,
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an
d
I
C
D
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
L
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mi
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s (%)
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V
5
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H
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15
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V
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3
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C
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12
K
-
Facto
r
is
a
h
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ic
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ar
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eter
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h
at
co
n
s
i
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er
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th
e
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ar
m
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ics
c
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en
t
ef
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ec
t
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tr
an
s
f
o
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m
er
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
it is
d
e
f
in
ed
as [
2
4
]
:
(
5
)
T
h
e
ad
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itio
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al
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ea
tin
g
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
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ar
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o
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ic
lo
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cu
r
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t
s
an
d
th
e
s
q
u
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th
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h
ar
m
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ic
o
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d
er
is
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
t
h
at
d
o
m
i
n
ate
s
p
r
e
m
a
tu
r
e
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
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er
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
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g
n
o
n
-
s
in
u
s
o
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u
r
r
en
ts
,
d
u
e
to
ab
n
o
r
m
al
w
i
n
d
in
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
is
e
[
2
1
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
K
-
Facto
r
co
n
s
id
er
s
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
it
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
s
e
f
u
l
m
et
h
o
d
to
esti
m
a
te
n
o
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l
in
ea
r
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h
ar
m
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n
ic
co
n
te
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
d
r
y
-
t
y
p
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
[
2
2
]
.
2
.
2
.
Sta
t
is
t
ic
a
l To
o
ls
f
o
r
H
a
rm
o
n
ics Ana
ly
s
is
Fiel
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
in
d
icate
t
h
at
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
cu
r
r
en
t
ar
e
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
ia
n
t
d
u
e
to
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ch
an
g
es
in
s
y
s
te
m
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
Var
iatio
n
s
o
f
te
n
o
cc
u
r
r
ap
id
ly
in
a
n
o
n
-
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
o
r
r
an
d
o
m
f
o
r
m
,
s
o
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
u
s
e
s
tatis
tica
l
to
o
ls
to
q
u
an
ti
f
y
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
le
v
el
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e,
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
T
HDV
an
d
T
HDI
,
ar
e
s
tatis
tical
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
ap
p
lied
m
eth
o
d
.
Av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
T
HDV,
T
H
DI
,
I
VD,
I
C
D
an
d
K
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Facto
r
,
ar
e
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
b
et
w
ee
n
ar
ea
s
a
n
d
w
it
h
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
li
m
it
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
ia
tio
n
i
n
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
b
eh
av
io
u
r
,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
v
al
u
e
is
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
,
s
o
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
g
i
v
es
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
all
th
e
i
n
ter
v
al
s
i
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
ex
ce
ed
s
a
ce
r
tain
lev
el,
e.
g
.
t
h
e
li
m
it
s
et
b
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
to
o
l
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
w
ith
t
h
e
h
e
lp
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
ical
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
"
d
f
itt
o
o
l"
o
f
Ma
tlab
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elati
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
T
HDV
an
d
T
HD
I
allo
w
s
a
n
al
y
s
i
n
g
b
o
th
,
th
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
c
u
r
r
en
t
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
s
o
n
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
f
ee
d
er
s
an
d
th
e
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
d
is
to
r
ted
v
o
ltag
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
n
t
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
i
n
cir
c
u
its
[
2
9
]
.
100
V
V
T
HD
V
2
2
k
2
k
1
100
I
I
T
H
DI
2
2
k
2
k
1
100
V
V
I
V
D
1
k
1
0
0
I
I
I
C
D
1
k
2
2
1
k
1
k
k
I
I
F
a
c
t
o
r
K
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
0
7
–
3
2
1
6
3210
2
.
3
.
M
e
t
ho
d
T
h
e
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
ap
p
lied
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
e
v
al
u
atio
n
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es o
n
elec
tr
ical
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e:
1
.
Selectin
g
o
f
t
w
o
ar
ea
s
f
ed
f
r
o
m
t
w
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
w
it
h
eq
u
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
co
u
p
li
n
g
(
P
C
C
)
.
A
r
ea
s
h
a
v
e
m
o
to
r
s
w
it
h
s
i
m
i
lar
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
o
p
er
atin
g
r
e
g
i
m
e.
I
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ar
ea
,
m
o
to
r
s
u
s
e
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es,
w
h
i
le
in
t
h
e
o
th
er
ar
ea
d
o
es n
o
t h
av
e
P
W
M.
2
.
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
a
n
al
y
s
er
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
t
h
e
elec
tr
i
ca
l
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
m
ai
n
l
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
:
T
HDV,
T
HDI
,
I
VD,
I
C
D
an
d
K
-
Facto
r
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
p
er
i
o
d
is
d
ef
in
ed
as a
co
m
p
lete
wo
r
k
in
g
c
y
cle
[
1
4
]
.
3
.
Statis
t
ical
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
o
f
T
HDV,
T
HDI
,
I
VD,
I
C
D
an
d
K
-
Facto
r
.
4
.
E
v
alu
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
[
1
4
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
3
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
Study
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
g
e
n
e
r
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
wer
e
s
tu
d
ied
in
t
w
o
ar
ea
s
o
f
a
wh
ea
t
f
lo
u
r
m
ill
co
m
p
a
n
y
.
I
n
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
,
all
t
h
e
m
illi
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
w
o
eq
u
a
l
i
n
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
d
r
y
-
t
y
p
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
o
f
1
5
0
0
k
VA
s
u
p
p
l
y
e
n
er
g
y
to
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
t
w
o
cir
cu
it
s
ar
e
clo
s
e
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
an
d
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
P
C
C
.
T
h
e
to
tal
lo
ad
o
f
ea
ch
ar
ea
is
s
i
m
ilar
,
w
it
h
1
2
0
3
k
W
o
f
in
s
talled
p
o
w
er
,
an
d
1
3
0
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
1
8
k
W
to
1
1
0
k
W
ea
c
h
o
n
e.
T
h
e
m
ain
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
in
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
:
I
n
A
r
ea
A
,
th
er
e
ar
e
5
0
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
o
f
s
ix
an
d
t
welv
e
p
u
ls
e
s
w
it
h
a
to
tal
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
1
5
9
.
6
k
W
in
s
ta
lled
in
t
h
e
m
ai
n
m
o
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
m
ill
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
ac
h
m
i
ll
r
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6
Fo
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F
ig
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u
r
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,
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
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I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Ha
r
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Gen
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3211
Fig
u
r
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2
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n P
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Fig
u
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2
s
h
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e
b
eh
a
v
io
u
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o
f
T
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T
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d
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r
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ter
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d
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Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
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in
th
e
cir
cu
it
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m
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ted
(
A
r
ea
A
)
,
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e
T
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is
g
r
ea
ter
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h
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c
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it
w
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th
o
u
t
P
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M
m
o
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es
(
A
r
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B
)
.
T
h
e
T
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v
al
u
es
in
A
r
ea
A
,
ex
ce
ed
1
5
%,
th
e
li
m
i
t
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
I
E
E
E
Std
1
1
5
9
-
2
0
0
9
[
1
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
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t
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at
i
n
b
o
th
cir
cu
i
ts
t
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e
T
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h
a
s
a
v
ar
iab
le
b
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d
s
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m
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n
b
o
th
ca
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e
s
,
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h
e
T
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s
n
ea
r
an
d
less
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h
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5
%;
o
n
l
y
s
o
m
e
p
o
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ts
e
x
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ed
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is
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i
m
it.
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h
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
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d
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to
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th
e
c
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r
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en
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w
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f
o
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m
in
a
cir
cu
it
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s
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
s
e
q
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o
f
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m
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s
ed
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r
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s
in
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af
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n
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ted
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e
s
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er
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c
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as i
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t h
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n
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Var
iatio
n
o
f
(
a)
T
H
DI
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d
(
b
)
T
HDV
in
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
r
ap
h
s
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
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d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
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ct
io
n
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r
r
esp
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n
d
in
g
to
r
eg
is
ter
s
o
f
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an
d
T
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p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
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b
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er
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ed
.
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
allo
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s
s
p
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if
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n
g
t
h
at
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A
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8
1
.
7
4
%
o
f
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ata
ar
e
a
b
o
v
e
1
5
%,
lim
it
estab
li
s
h
ed
b
y
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
T
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.
I
n
A
r
ea
B
,
all
v
al
u
es
o
f
T
HDI
ar
e
lo
w
er
th
a
n
1
5
%.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
in
A
r
ea
B
,
o
n
l
y
4
.
5
6
% o
f
d
ata
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
l
i
m
it o
f
5
%
s
et
b
y
[
1
4
]
f
o
r
T
HDV;
in
A
r
ea
A
,
th
i
s
v
al
u
e
is
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
ed
.
Nev
er
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s
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ta
k
en
4
%
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ef
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e
n
ce
o
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T
HDV,
it
is
o
b
s
er
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ed
th
at
in
A
r
ea
A
,
in
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
T
HDV
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
in
A
r
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B
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
all
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d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
is
b
elo
w
t
h
e
li
m
it
o
f
5
%.
I
t
is
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m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
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te
t
h
a
t
alth
o
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g
h
i
n
A
r
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A
t
h
e
T
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d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
th
e
li
m
its
s
e
t
b
y
[
1
4
]
,
th
e
T
H
DI
g
en
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
h
as
h
ig
h
v
a
lu
e
s
th
at
e
x
ce
ed
th
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
li
m
it
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
0
7
–
3
2
1
6
3212
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
P
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
(
a)
T
HDI
an
d
(
b
)
T
HDV
in
b
o
th
ar
ea
s
T
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
w
ee
n
T
HDI
an
d
T
HDV,
a
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
ar
ea
w
ith
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
li
n
ea
r
f
i
t
w
as
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
A
r
ea
A
,
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
is
o
n
l
y
0
.
0
2
3
6
,
in
d
icatin
g
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
i
s
n
o
s
i
m
p
le
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
T
HDI
an
d
T
HDV.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
T
HDI
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
it
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
T
HDV
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
A
r
e
a
B
,
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
is
0
.
8
6
8
4
.
I
n
th
is
cir
cu
it,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
t
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
ele
m
e
n
ts
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
h
i
g
h
co
r
r
elatio
n
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
T
HDI
is
a
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
T
HDV
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
u
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
t
all
y
to
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
is
to
r
tio
n
g
en
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
o
f
A
r
ea
A
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Scatter
p
lo
t o
f
T
HDI
as f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
T
HDV,
(
a)
ar
e
a
A
,
(
b
)
ar
ea
B
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
s
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
b
ec
a
u
s
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h
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o
f
h
ar
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ic
ac
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d
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s
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e
n
ce
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a
d
if
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er
en
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m
p
a
ct
o
n
th
e
ele
m
en
ts
an
d
d
ev
i
ce
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
its
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
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o
f
I
VD
a
n
d
I
C
D
in
b
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ea
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ted
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Fi
g
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5
i
n
b
ar
g
r
ap
h
s
.
I
n
th
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it
o
f
A
r
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A,
b
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s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
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ese
n
ce
o
f
P
W
M
m
o
to
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t
h
e
I
C
D
o
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ir
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,
w
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e
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ar
e
n
o
t
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m
o
to
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es.
I
n
th
e
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it
o
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ea
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,
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e
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v
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ag
e
o
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D
o
f
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i
f
t
h
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h
o
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
t
h
e
P
C
C
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
d
ep
en
d
m
ai
n
l
y
o
f
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
lo
ad
s
p
r
esen
t
i
n
th
e
cir
cu
it
th
at
g
en
er
at
es
th
o
s
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
.
R
es
u
lt
s
al
s
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
in
t
h
i
s
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
it
i
s
n
ec
ess
a
r
y
to
ta
k
e
ac
tio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
t
h
e
i
n
s
tal
latio
n
o
f
ac
t
iv
e
f
i
lter
s
to
m
iti
g
ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
g
en
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
,
m
ai
n
l
y
t
h
e
f
i
f
t
h
an
d
s
e
v
e
n
t
h
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
o
r
d
er
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
s
o
f
ar
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
a
t
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
estab
li
s
h
in
g
t
h
e
al
lo
w
ab
le
le
v
el
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
in
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
it
s
m
it
ig
atio
n
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
i
n
e
lectr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
es
r
e
m
ain
a
n
o
n
g
o
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
te
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
tak
i
n
g
i
n
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
e.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
a
n
al
y
s
ed
,
it
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
th
e
T
HDV
w
a
s
b
elo
w
th
e
e
s
ta
b
lis
h
ed
li
m
it
s
b
y
I
E
E
E
Std
1
1
5
9
-
2
0
0
9
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
T
HDI
,
I
VD,
I
C
D
an
d
K
-
Facto
r
,
r
ev
ea
led
th
e
ex
i
s
ten
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
t
h
at
ca
u
s
in
g
d
a
m
a
g
es o
n
elec
tr
ical
d
ev
ices.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
R.
M
o
v
a
h
e
d
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
su
latio
n
li
f
e
o
f
in
v
e
rter
-
fe
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
rs,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ic &
Dr
iv
e
S
y
ste
m
s
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
PE
DS
T
C)
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
3
3
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
G
.
K.
S
in
g
h
,
“
A
re
se
a
rc
h
su
rv
e
y
o
f
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
w
it
h
n
o
n
-
s
i
n
u
so
id
a
l
su
p
p
ly
w
a
v
e
f
o
rm
s,”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
75
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
2
0
0
-
2
1
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Ha
r
mo
n
ic
Dis
to
r
tio
n
E
va
lu
a
tio
n
Gen
era
ted
b
y
P
W
M Mo
to
r
Dri
ve
s
in
E
lectrica
l
....
(
V
la
d
i
mir
S
o
u
s
a
)
3215
[3
]
G
.
S
u
re
sh
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
e
ff
e
c
t
o
f
f
e
e
d
e
r
c
a
b
le
o
n
th
e
st
a
to
r
w
in
d
in
g
v
o
lt
a
g
e
stre
ss
in
a
P
W
M
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
El
e
c
trica
l
In
s
u
la
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
1
9
9
7
,
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
M
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
rin
g
&
Co
il
W
in
d
in
g
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
4
0
7
-
4
1
2
,
1
9
9
7
.
[4
]
M
.
C.
Di
P
iaz
z
a
a
n
d
M
.
P
u
c
c
i.
“
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
P
W
M
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s,”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
2
7
0
-
2
8
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
M
.
Ch
ir
in
d
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
n
o
n
i
n
tr
u
siv
e
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
e
s
ti
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
in
v
e
rter
-
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
63
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
7
4
1
-
7
4
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
C.
J.
R.
Krie
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
v
a
riab
le
sp
e
e
d
d
riv
e
s
o
n
e
lec
tri
c
m
o
to
r
o
p
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
s
,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
I
n
d
u
stria
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
me
rc
ia
l
Us
e
o
f
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
ICUE),
p
p
.
1
-
6,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
R.
M
a
y
u
ri
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
d
d
y
c
u
rre
n
t
l
o
ss
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
in
tra
n
sf
o
rm
e
r
iro
n
lo
ss
e
s
o
p
e
ra
ted
b
y
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter,”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
s,
Dr
ive
s
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(
PE
DES
)
&
2
0
1
0
Po
we
r
I
n
d
ia
,
2
0
1
0
J
o
in
t
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
on
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[8
]
M
.
Dig
a
lo
v
sk
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
c
u
rre
n
t
h
ig
h
o
rd
e
r
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
to
c
o
re
l
o
ss
e
s
o
f
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
tran
sf
o
r
m
e
r,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
.
EU
ROCON
,
p
p
.
1
5
3
1
-
1
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
H.
Ora
e
e
,
“
A
q
u
a
n
tativ
e
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
e
stim
a
t
e
th
e
li
f
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
o
f
m
o
to
r
in
su
latio
n
sy
st
e
m
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Die
lec
trics
a
n
d
E
lec
trica
l
In
s
u
la
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
7
9
0
-
7
9
6
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
A
.
In
a
n
a
n
d
F
.
A
tt
a
r,
“
T
h
e
li
f
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
a
n
a
l
y
sis
f
o
r
a
n
e
le
c
tri
c
m
o
to
r
d
u
e
to
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
El
e
c
tro
tec
h
n
ica
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
M
EL
ECON
9
8
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
9
9
7
-
9
9
9
,
1
9
9
8
.
[1
1
]
J.
P
.
G
.
d
e
A
b
re
u
a
n
d
A
.
E.
Em
a
n
u
e
l,
“
In
d
u
c
t
io
n
m
o
to
r
th
e
rm
a
l
a
g
in
g
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
v
o
lt
a
g
e
d
isto
rti
o
n
a
n
d
im
b
a
lan
c
e
:
lo
ss
o
f
u
se
f
u
l
li
fe
a
n
d
it
s
e
sti
m
a
ted
c
o
st,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
In
d
u
st
ria
l
a
n
d
Co
mm
e
rc
ia
l
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
pp.
1
0
5
-
1
1
4
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
2
]
V.
S
.
S
a
n
to
s
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
ro
c
e
d
u
re
f
o
r
d
e
term
in
in
g
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
w
o
rk
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
d
ist
o
rted
g
rid
v
o
lt
a
g
e
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
o
n
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
30
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
3
1
-
3
3
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
P
.
Do
n
o
l
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Vo
lt
a
g
e
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
a
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
isto
rti
o
n
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
n
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
p
o
we
r,
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
v
ib
ra
ti
o
n
s,”
E
lec
tric P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
4
0
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
8
6
6
-
8
7
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
“
IEE
E
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
P
ra
c
ti
c
e
f
o
r
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
,
”
IEE
E
S
tan
d
a
rd
1
1
5
9
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
5
]
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
b
e
a
rin
g
c
u
rre
n
ts
o
f
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter
-
f
e
d
V
F
i
n
d
u
c
t
io
n
m
o
to
r,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
2
0
1
4
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
t
io
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
siti
o
n
,
S
h
a
n
g
h
a
i
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
8
-
1
4
3
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
Y.
W
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
d
isc
h
a
rg
in
g
b
e
a
rin
g
c
u
rre
n
ts
o
f
P
W
M
i
n
v
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v
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f
re
q
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c
y
in
d
u
c
ti
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m
o
to
r,
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in
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c
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d
i
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lec
trica
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ms
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5
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9
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9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
B.
Zh
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ef
fe
c
ts
o
f
th
e
in
v
e
rter
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
n
th
e
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y
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u
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n
t
lo
ss
e
s
in
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n
d
u
c
ti
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n
m
o
to
r
f
e
d
b
y
P
W
M
in
v
e
rter,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
E
lec
trica
l
M
a
c
h
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n
e
s a
n
d
S
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ste
ms
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0
0
8
,
p
p
.
4
2
4
0
-
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2
4
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
8
]
A
.
S
tran
d
t,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
No
-
lo
a
d
p
o
w
e
r
lo
ss
e
s
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n
d
m
o
to
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o
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e
rh
e
a
ti
n
g
e
ffe
c
ts
v
e
rsu
s
P
W
M
sw
it
c
h
in
g
fre
q
u
e
n
c
ies
,
”
in
Pro
c
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e
d
in
g
s
Ren
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
R
e
se
a
rc
h
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n
d
Ap
p
li
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ti
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n
(
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R
A)
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
8
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
D.
M
.
S
a
id
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
tran
sf
o
rm
e
r
lo
ss
e
s
a
n
d
li
f
e
e
x
p
e
c
tan
c
y
u
sin
g
m
e
a
su
re
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
a
ta,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
1
4
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ha
rm
o
n
ics
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n
d
Qu
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li
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y
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f
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r
-
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P
2
0
1
0
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p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
0
]
G
.
W
.
M
a
ss
e
y
,
“
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m
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ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
tra
n
sf
o
r
m
e
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
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(
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)
,
p
p
.
4
8
5
-
4
8
9
,
1
9
9
4
.
[2
1
]
M
.
T
.
Bish
o
p
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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a
lu
a
ti
n
g
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
-
in
d
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e
d
tran
sf
o
rm
e
r
h
e
a
ti
n
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l
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ss
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e
:
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(
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
-
3
1
1
,
1
9
9
6
.
[2
2
]
L
.
W
.
P
ierc
e
,
“
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
d
e
sig
n
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
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c
o
n
sid
e
r
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
n
o
n
si
n
u
so
id
a
l
lo
a
d
c
u
rre
n
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stry
A
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p
li
c
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ti
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n
s
,
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l
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ss
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e
:
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)
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p
p
.
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3
-
6
4
5
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9
6
.
[2
3
]
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.
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
Z.
Ch
e
n
g
,
“
A
n
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
stu
d
y
o
f
th
e
d
a
m
a
g
in
g
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
in
p
o
w
e
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
o
n
th
e
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
d
iele
c
tri
c
s
,”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
S
e
c
o
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Pro
p
e
rties
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
645
-
6
4
8
,
1
9
8
8
.
[2
4
]
C.
Bo
o
n
se
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
F
a
il
u
re
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
d
iele
c
tri
c
o
f
lo
w
v
o
lt
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g
e
p
o
we
r
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
d
u
e
to
re
late
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
re
so
n
a
n
c
e
e
ffe
c
ts,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Po
we
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
o
c
iety
W
in
ter
M
e
e
ti
n
g
,
2
0
0
1
.
IEE
E,
Co
l
u
m
b
u
s
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
3
-
1
0
0
8
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
5
]
A
.
S
o
u
li
a
n
d
A
.
He
ll
a
l
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
Co
m
p
u
ter
Co
d
e
T
o
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lu
a
te
th
e
I
n
f
lu
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n
c
e
o
f
th
e
Ha
rm
o
n
ics
i
n
t
h
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
vol
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
6
8
1
-
6
9
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
6
]
M.
J.
H.
Ra
wa
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
a
p
e
rso
n
a
l
c
o
m
p
u
ter
b
a
se
d
o
n
IEE
E
1
4
5
9
-
2
0
1
0
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
E
lec
tro
ma
g
n
e
t
ic Co
mp
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ti
b
i
li
ty
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
-
6
7
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
7
]
P
.
A
ra
m
wa
n
id
a
n
d
I.
B
o
o
n
y
a
ro
o
n
a
te,
“
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
a
c
t
stu
d
y
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
p
o
we
r
e
ff
ica
c
y
in
su
g
a
r
in
d
u
stry
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
/E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Co
mp
u
ter
,
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
8
]
M
.
J
.
G
h
o
r
b
a
n
i
a
n
d
H.
M
o
k
h
tari,
“
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
a
n
d
L
o
ss
e
s
in
P
o
w
e
r
Distrib
u
t
io
n
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
6
6
-
1
7
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
9
]
Y.
Ba
g
h
z
o
u
z
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
ime
-
v
a
r
y
in
g
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
.
I
.
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
in
g
m
e
a
su
re
d
d
a
ta
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
io
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r
De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
13
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
9
3
8
-
9
4
4
,
1
9
9
8
.
[3
0
]
A
.
E.
Ema
n
u
e
l
a
n
d
J.
A
.
Orr,
“
S
ix
-
p
u
lse
c
o
n
v
e
rter
a
t
y
p
ica
l
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
c
a
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se
d
b
y
s
e
c
o
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
v
o
lt
a
g
e
,
”
in
Pro
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e
d
in
g
s
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
1
0
th
In
t
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rn
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ti
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n
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l
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n
d
Qu
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f
Po
we
r
,
p
p
.
3
4
0
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4
6
,
2
0
0
2
.
[3
1
]
C.
Co
ll
o
m
b
e
t
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
d
istu
rb
a
n
c
e
s
in
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
a
n
d
th
e
ir
trea
t
m
e
n
t
,
”
Ca
h
ier
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
M
e
rlin
Ge
rin
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
1
(
1
5
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
31
,
1
9
9
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
7
:
3
2
0
7
–
3
2
1
6
3216
B
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e
rsid
a
d
d
e
Cien
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cu
b
a
,
in
2
0
0
6
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
is
w
it
h
G
IOP
EN
o
f
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
o
f
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
d
e
la
Co
sta
(CUC).
Ba
rra
n
q
u
il
la.
Co
l
o
m
b
ia.
His
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s ap
p
li
e
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
ici
e
n
cy
.
En
riq
u
e
C.
Qu
isp
e
(M
´
9
5
.
S
M
’
1
2
)
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
L
ima
,
P
e
rú
,
o
n
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
,
1
9
5
6
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
Na
c
io
n
a
l
d
e
In
g
e
n
iería
,
P
e
rú
in
1
9
8
0
.
M
.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
M
.
E
n
g
.
in
In
d
u
strial
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
h
D.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
d
e
l
V
a
ll
e
,
C
o
l
o
m
b
ia
in
1
9
9
4
,
1
9
9
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
1
,
r
e
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
S
in
c
e
1
9
9
2
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
A
u
tó
n
o
m
a
d
e
Oc
c
id
e
n
te,
Ca
li
,
C
o
l
o
m
b
ia,
wh
e
re
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
n
ics
a
n
d
th
e
Dire
c
to
r
o
f
t
h
e
En
e
rg
y
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s,
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
.
He
is
a
n
IEE
E
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r.
P
e
rc
y
R.
V
ieg
o
F
e
li
p
e
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Cien
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cu
b
a
o
n
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
,
1
9
4
4
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
r
sid
a
d
Ce
n
tral
d
e
Las
V
il
las
,
S
a
n
ta
Clara
,
Cu
b
a
,
in
1
9
6
5
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
Dr.C.
(P
h
.
D.)
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Ce
n
tral
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
P
a
rti
c
i
p
a
te
d
in
a
p
o
std
o
c
to
ra
l
sc
h
o
lars
h
ip
o
n
sin
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
se
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
e
sig
n
a
t
t
h
e
L
a
p
p
e
e
n
ra
n
ta
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
F
in
lan
d
,
in
1
9
9
4
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
is
w
it
h
th
e
Ce
n
ter
o
f
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
S
tu
d
ies
(CEE
M
A
),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
d
e
Cie
n
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cu
b
a
Ju
li
o
R
.
G
ó
m
e
z
S
a
rd
u
y
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
1
9
6
3
in
Cien
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cu
b
a
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
Ce
n
tral
d
e
L
a
s
V
il
las
,
S
a
n
ta
Clara
,
Cu
b
a
,
in
1
9
8
6
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
sid
a
d
Ce
n
tral
d
e
L
a
s
V
il
las
,
S
a
n
ta
Clara
,
Cu
b
a
,
in
1
9
9
6
,
f
ro
m
th
e
re
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
0
6
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
is
w
it
h
th
e
Ce
n
ter
f
o
r
th
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
En
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
(CEE
M
A
).
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsid
a
d
d
e
Cien
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cien
f
u
e
g
o
s,
Cu
b
a
.
His
a
re
a
o
f
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
s,
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
in
in
d
u
strial
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s.
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