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In
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,
I
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d
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esia.
E
m
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m
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p
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p
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ac
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id
1.
I
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co
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tec
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iq
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s
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ata
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t
y
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h
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p
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d
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s
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m
p
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ess
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f
ile
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ed
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ce
th
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eq
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ir
ed
s
to
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ca
p
ac
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a
m
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n
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m
u
m
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r
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l
y
t
o
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cc
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p
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a
s
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aller
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Fil
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co
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p
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m
a
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co
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tr
ib
u
te
to
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s
ize
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d
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a
n
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w
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k
m
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li
k
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ter
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et
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ased
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y
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d
at
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co
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p
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tech
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iq
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b
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p
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to
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d
f
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(
a)
s
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m
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g
e,
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b
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o
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p
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e,
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c)
tex
t
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al
d
ata
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d
(
d
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s
p
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ch
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
[
1
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.
T
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C
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m
p
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tech
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iq
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e
is
u
s
ed
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d
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c
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in
t
h
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d
ig
ital i
m
ag
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co
m
p
r
es
s
io
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[
2
]
,
[
3
]
:
1.
C
o
d
in
g
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
:
t
h
is
d
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is
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cc
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s
w
h
en
s
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m
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b
its
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it
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v
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ed
u
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d
an
t o
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s
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p
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lu
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s
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2.
I
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t
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p
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r
ed
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d
an
c
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s
p
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d
an
c
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h
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d
ata
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n
d
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c
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th
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co
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b
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w
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n
a
p
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w
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h
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s
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g
h
b
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in
g
p
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els
.
3.
P
s
y
c
h
o
v
is
u
al
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ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
:
d
at
a
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u
n
d
an
c
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i
g
n
o
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ed
b
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v
is
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al
in
f
o
r
m
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p
er
ce
p
tib
le
to
th
e
e
y
e
s
.
T
h
at
v
is
u
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
b
ec
au
s
e
i
t
w
ill
n
o
t
i
m
p
ac
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
o
n
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
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i
m
a
g
e
.
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is
co
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p
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s
s
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co
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ag
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o
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tr
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co
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m
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d
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ig
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m
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B
ased
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th
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in
f
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tech
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ar
e
u
s
u
all
y
o
n
e
s
i
g
n
o
r
ed
o
r
b
ey
o
n
d
t
h
e
r
ea
c
h
o
f
h
u
m
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s
e
n
s
e
s
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
y
w
ill
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
t
h
o
s
e
i
n
ter
ac
tin
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
m
.
T
h
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
lies
in
its
r
elati
v
el
y
h
ig
h
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
r
atio
,
t
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
d
in
g
,
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
q
u
an
tizat
io
n
[
4
]
.
A
p
er
tin
e
n
t
is
s
u
e
th
at
o
cc
u
r
s
in
th
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
d
ata
is
h
o
w
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
ef
f
ici
en
c
y
r
atio
an
d
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
d
ata
d
u
r
i
n
g
its
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
d
s
to
r
a
g
e
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
ex
ce
lle
n
t
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
m
eth
o
d
s
[
7
]
as
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
t
h
e
J
P
E
G
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
aim
s
a
t
id
en
ti
f
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
last
d
ec
ad
e
an
d
g
ai
n
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
es b
ei
n
g
w
o
r
k
ed
o
u
t to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
.
2.
I
M
AG
E
CO
M
P
RE
SS
I
O
N
T
E
CH
NI
Q
U
E
A
C
o
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
p
ar
ts
,
i.e
.
,
en
co
d
er
an
d
d
ec
o
d
er
[
8
]
.
E
n
co
d
er
w
o
r
k
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
co
m
p
r
es
s
ed
i
m
ag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
i
m
ag
e
f
(
x
,
y
)
,
a
f
te
r
b
ein
g
tr
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
h
an
n
el
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
i
m
a
g
e
e
n
ter
s
i
n
to
a
d
ec
o
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
r
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s
ed
i
m
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g
e
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ill b
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
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cted
to
p
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ce
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o
u
tp
u
t i
m
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g
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f
’
(
x
,
y
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
m
a
g
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
m
o
d
el:
(
a)
So
u
r
ce
e
n
co
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er
(
b
)
So
u
r
ce
d
ec
o
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er
Ma
p
p
er
w
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r
k
s
to
tr
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n
s
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m
th
e
in
p
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m
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ied
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o
r
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m
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v
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n
ter
p
ix
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l r
e
d
u
n
d
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y
.
T
h
is
o
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is
r
ev
er
s
ib
le,
m
ea
n
in
g
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h
at
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o
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m
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tio
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t
h
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cted
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m
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g
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s
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h
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s
a
m
e
as
th
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r
ig
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a
n
tizer
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r
k
s
to
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ed
u
ce
p
s
y
ch
o
-
v
is
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al
d
ata
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ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
.
T
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
d
o
es
th
e
q
u
an
t
i
za
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
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to
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ev
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u
s
s
ta
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e
.
I
ts
e
f
f
ec
t
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r
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s
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ich
m
ea
n
s
th
a
t
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m
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n
t
h
e
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ec
o
n
s
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cted
i
m
a
g
e
i
s
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
to
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
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l
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m
b
o
l
en
co
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er
w
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te
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g
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u
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a
s
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s
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es.
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h
e
r
esu
ltan
t c
a
n
th
u
s
g
et
r
id
o
f
ir
r
elev
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t d
ata
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d
ar
e
r
ev
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s
ib
le.
E
f
f
o
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ts
to
i
n
cr
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e
s
p
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d
,
r
atio
,
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
co
m
p
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d
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p
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s
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n
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e
m
ad
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s
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
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io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
at
i
s
,
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
lo
s
s
y
a
n
d
lo
s
s
les
s
co
m
p
r
ess
i
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
5
]
as
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
lo
s
s
y
co
m
p
r
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s
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n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
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p
r
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s
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
th
r
ee
g
r
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u
p
s
o
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m
et
h
o
d
,
i.e
.
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
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co
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W
av
ele
t
B
ase
C
o
d
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g
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d
E
m
b
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d
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er
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T
r
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o
f
W
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elet
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o
e
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f
icien
t
(
E
Z
W
)
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Qu
a
n
ti
f
icatio
n
p
r
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s
s
s
ta
g
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n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
w
o
g
r
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p
s
o
f
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
,
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.
,
s
ca
lar
q
u
a
n
tizatio
n
an
d
v
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to
r
q
u
an
tizat
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n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
H
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
.
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d
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Xp
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Dig
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Dir
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3
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ted
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6
).
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14
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[
1
5
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test
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lt
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th
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=
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8
.
5
5
)
.
4
.
2
.
E
m
be
dd
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Z
er
o
T
re
e
o
f
W
a
v
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icient
(
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Z
W)
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m
b
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d
ed
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er
o
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tr
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(
E
Z
W
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a
s
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m
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le
a
n
d
v
er
y
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ec
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iv
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m
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m
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ith
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y
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s
s
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alo
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g
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s
a
n
d
p
r
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u
ce
s
f
u
ll
y
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
co
d
e
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P
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
E
Z
W
is
m
ad
e
[
1
6
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2
0
]
to
a
d
d
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ess
em
er
g
i
n
g
p
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le
m
s
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n
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W
m
et
h
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d
:
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o
w
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m
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m
ize
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m
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er
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eq
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ir
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its
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i
m
ag
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ata.
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h
e
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m
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o
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n
te
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atin
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HT
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eth
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6
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[
1
7
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ls
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m
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ar
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e
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f
ec
t
o
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g
r
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lt
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s
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lt
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n
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d
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h
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et
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o
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al
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ilter
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5
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t
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ate
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io
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th
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g
o
n
al
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ilter
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e
r
ag
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SNR
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3
.
2
4
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.
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h
e
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g
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lt o
f
t
h
e
E
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W
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et
h
o
d
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er
f
o
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m
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n
ce
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m
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is
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n
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et
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ee
n
w
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v
elet
b
io
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
ilter
DW
T
9
/7
an
d
DW
T
5
/3
[
1
7
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in
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icate
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th
at
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T
5
/3
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ilter
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r
elativ
el
y
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etter
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ilter
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5
/3
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ca
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ab
le
o
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im
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r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
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m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
p
to
MSE
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7
.
5
an
d
P
SNR
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5
.
7
1
d
B
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h
er
ea
s
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T
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/7
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ilter
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r
o
d
u
ce
s
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6
.
9
an
d
P
SNR
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3
.
9
6
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
h
as
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SP
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n
tr
ib
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tes
to
th
e
i
m
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v
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m
e
n
t
o
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co
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io
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o
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m
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n
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d
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ased
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n
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
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in
d
ic
ates
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t
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e
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s
e
o
f
o
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th
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g
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n
al
f
ilter
p
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d
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ce
s
a
s
lig
h
tl
y
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etter
r
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l
t th
a
n
t
h
at
o
f
b
io
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
ilter
[
1
6
],
[1
7
].
T
h
e
test
in
g
r
es
u
lt o
f
I
m
p
r
o
v
ed
E
Z
W
(
I
E
Z
W
)
[
1
8
]
m
et
h
o
d
in
d
icate
s
th
at
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
r
atio
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
E
Z
W
o
r
ig
in
al
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er
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o
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m
an
ce
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o
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t
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2
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5
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g
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th
e
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alit
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o
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t
h
e
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cted
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m
ag
e
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n
o
t
s
o
g
o
o
d
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s
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ce
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0
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i
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2
7
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5
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f
f
o
r
ts
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m
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h
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r
m
an
ce
o
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ar
e
m
ad
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af
ter
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tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
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,
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y
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s
i
n
g
Or
th
o
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r
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o
r
m
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Nex
t,
t
h
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y
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w
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d
b
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u
an
t
izatio
n
a
n
d
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tr
o
p
y
co
d
in
g
[
1
9
].
T
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
es
u
lt
o
f
1
1
i
m
ag
e
s
o
f
2
5
6
x
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5
6
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
C
o
m
p
r
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io
n
r
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5
0
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n
d
icate
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av
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9
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h
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t t
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n
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d
E
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T
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e
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p
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W
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Dif
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R
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f
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ize
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1
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e
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SNR
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5
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4
7
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ea
s
th
e
q
u
alit
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
Mo
d
L
VQ
i
s
av
er
a
g
e
P
SNR
=3
5
.
36
%
,
an
d
SP
I
HT
is
av
er
ag
e
P
SNR
=3
5
.
3
2
%.
C
u
c
k
o
o
Sear
ch
(
C
S
)
q
u
a
n
tiza
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
[
2
3
]
is
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
m
eta
h
e
u
r
is
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
b
y
o
p
tim
izin
g
L
in
d
e
B
u
zo
Gr
a
y
(
L
B
G)
co
d
eb
o
o
k
w
ith
L
ev
y
f
l
ig
h
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
a
l
f
u
n
ctio
n
b
ased
o
n
Me
n
te
g
n
a
alg
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ich
d
o
es
n
o
t
u
s
e
Gau
s
s
ia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
L
B
G
is
a
lo
ca
l
d
esig
n
co
d
eb
o
o
k
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
u
s
ed
i
n
Vec
to
r
Qu
a
n
tiza
tio
n
(
VQ)
m
eth
o
d
.
Ot
h
er
t
h
a
n
L
B
G,
g
lo
b
al
d
esi
g
n
co
d
eb
o
o
k
s
u
s
in
g
Gau
s
s
ia
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
ar
e
Fire
f
l
y
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
(
F
A
)
,
P
ar
ticle
S
war
m
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
an
d
Ho
n
e
y
B
ee
Ma
tin
g
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
(
HB
MO
)
.
C
S
i
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
e
m
er
g
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
F
A
m
et
h
o
d
,
i.e
.
w
h
en
ap
p
lied
to
b
r
ig
h
ter
i
m
a
g
es;
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
in
v
er
s
el
y
b
l
u
r
r
ed
.
C
S
w
o
u
ld
also
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
o
f
P
SO
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
at
is
,
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
i
n
s
tab
ilit
y
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
m
b
in
atio
n
is
s
o
h
i
g
h
.
C
S a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
p
o
s
s
e
s
s
es
a
h
ig
h
P
SNR
an
d
a
b
etter
f
i
tn
e
s
s
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
p
o
in
t
t
h
an
L
B
G,
P
SO
-
L
B
G,
Q
u
an
t
u
m
P
SO
-
L
B
G,
HB
MO
-
L
B
G
a
n
d
FA
-
L
B
G
d
u
r
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
-
co
s
t c
o
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
ti
m
e.
.
4
.
4
.
Co
din
g
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
also
m
ad
e
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
lo
s
s
le
s
s
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
t
h
e
co
d
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
[2
4
]
-
[
28
]
.
Hy
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
DW
T
,
f
r
ac
tal
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
SP
I
HT
[2
4
]
w
o
r
k
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
al
d
ef
icit
f
r
o
m
h
u
m
an
v
i
s
u
al
s
i
g
n
a
l se
n
s
iti
v
it
y
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
r
ac
t
al
co
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
also
w
o
r
k
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
o
en
co
d
in
g
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
SP
I
HT
co
d
in
g
in
a
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
test
in
g
r
es
u
lt
o
f
2
i
m
ag
es
o
f
2
5
6
x
2
5
6
at
a
b
it
r
ate
o
f
0
.
2
5
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
a
v
er
ag
e
P
SNR
=2
9
.7
4
d
B
is
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
b
etter
i
f
it
o
n
l
y
u
s
es
SP
I
HT
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
er
e
P
SNR
is
2
9
.
63
d
B
,
w
h
er
ea
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
o
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
1
.
27
s
ec
o
n
d
is
litt
le
f
aster
if
it
o
n
l
y
u
s
e
s
SP
I
HT
m
eth
o
d
o
f
1
.
31
s
ec
o
n
d
.
A
s
i
m
i
l
ar
s
tu
d
y
h
as
also
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
R
a
w
at
a
n
d
Me
h
er
[2
5
]
,
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
ein
g
th
at
its
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
u
s
es
DC
T
an
d
q
u
an
tizatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
an
d
th
e
co
d
in
g
u
s
e
s
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
f
r
ac
tal
an
d
H
u
f
f
m
a
n
co
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
t
esti
n
g
r
es
u
lt
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
r
ela
tiv
el
y
g
o
o
d
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
i
m
a
g
e,
i.e
.
,
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
P
NSR
o
f
3
0
.
0
6
dB
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
J
P
E
G
m
et
h
o
d
w
it
h
its
P
SNR
v
al
u
e
b
ein
g
2
9
.
8
9
d
B
.
I
ts
c
o
m
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
r
atio
is
also
r
elativ
el
y
g
o
o
d
,
i.e
.
,
8
.
4
2
o
n
av
er
ag
e.
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
t
h
e
co
d
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
is
also
m
ad
e
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
[
5
]
,
[2
6
]
m
e
th
o
d
,
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
i
t
w
ith
th
e
f
r
ac
tal
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
co
m
b
i
n
es
DW
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
i
n
d
icate
s
th
a
t
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
b
etter
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
e
f
f
ec
t
th
a
n
t
h
at
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l n
e
u
r
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
o
r
J
P
E
G
m
et
h
o
d
.
A
d
ap
t
iv
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
DC
T
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
(
ASD
C
)
m
et
h
o
d
is
a
r
ef
i
n
e
m
en
t
o
f
co
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
[
2
7
]
.
I
t
co
m
b
i
n
es
DC
T
m
et
h
o
d
,
q
u
an
tizat
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
Q
5
0
q
u
an
tizer
,
an
d
zi
g
-
za
g
s
ca
n
n
i
n
g
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
A
S
DC
m
et
h
o
d
b
ef
o
r
e
its
f
i
n
al
co
d
in
g
o
f
H
u
f
f
m
a
n
m
e
th
o
d
.
T
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
esu
lt
o
f
all
i
m
ag
e
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
o
f
ab
o
u
t
8
9
-
9
6
%,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
MSE
is
9
.
5
3
an
d
av
er
ag
e
P
SNR
i
s
3
9
.
2
2
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
B
lo
ck
T
r
u
n
ca
tio
n
C
o
d
in
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(
B
T
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an
d
W
alsh
-
Had
a
m
ar
d
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
HT
)
[
28
]
aim
s
at
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
a
h
i
g
h
er
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
.
T
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r
es
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lt
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n
d
icate
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th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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eth
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m
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f
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u
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.
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aim
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ea
s
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
i
m
ag
e
i
s
b
etter
w
h
e
n
it
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
J
P
E
G
m
eth
o
d
.
Oth
er
th
a
n
ad
d
in
g
FMM
m
et
h
o
d
[
2
9
]
,
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
s
also
m
ad
e
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
s
e
v
er
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
(
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
)
.
Of
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
d
in
g
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
an
d
w
a
v
elet
b
ased
[
3
0
-
3
5
]
.
Hy
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
u
s
e
s
th
i
s
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
q
u
a
n
tizatio
n
an
d
co
d
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
li
k
e
en
tr
o
p
y
co
d
in
g
[
3
0
]
,
Hu
f
f
m
a
n
co
d
in
g
[
3
1
-
3
3
]
,
o
r
ar
ith
m
etic
co
d
in
g
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
e
s
u
lt
i
n
d
icate
s
t
h
at
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
g
o
i
n
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
f
it
is
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
Hu
f
f
m
an
co
d
i
n
g
i
n
s
tead
o
f
ar
ith
m
etic
o
r
en
t
r
o
p
y
co
d
in
g
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
also
ex
a
m
in
ed
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
es
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
On
e
s
u
ch
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
a
m
i
n
ed
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
D
is
cr
ete
W
av
elet
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
.
I
f
it
u
s
e
s
f
ilter
Db
4
an
d
L
W
T
[
3
6
]
,
it
c
an
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
test
ed
im
a
g
e
(
av
er
ag
e
P
SNR
=3
6
.
6
7
d
B
)
.
E
x
am
in
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
w
a
v
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
:
Dis
cr
ete
Har
tle
y
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DHT
)
-
Dis
cr
ete
C
o
s
in
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DC
T
)
,
DC
T
-
DHT
,
Dis
cr
ete
W
als
h
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
aT
)
-
DC
T
,
DC
T
-
DW
aT
,
DHT
-
DW
a
T
,
DW
aT
-
DHT
,
Dis
cr
ete
Ke
k
r
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DKT
)
-
DC
T
,
DC
T
-
DKT
[
3
7
]
in
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
b
est
r
esu
lt
i
f
it
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
in
g
le
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
E
x
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
u
s
in
g
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
Dis
cr
ete
W
alsh
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
aT
)
an
d
o
th
er
:
DC
T
,
Dis
cr
ete
Si
n
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
ST
)
,
DKT
,
R
ea
l
-
DF
T
(
Dis
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
i
er
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
)
,
Slan
t,
DW
T
[
3
8
]
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
r
es
u
lt
as
well.
DW
T
is
u
s
ed
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
g
lo
b
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
a
p
ictu
r
e.
DC
T
,
W
alsh
,
DST
,
Slan
t
a
n
d
R
ea
l
-
D
FT
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
to
d
escr
ib
e
lo
ca
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
an
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
b
est p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
m
p
r
ess
i
o
n
is
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
DW
T
an
d
DC
T
.
E
x
a
m
in
at
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
u
s
e
s
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
Haa
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
n
o
n
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
lik
e
W
als
h
,
Ke
k
r
e,
an
d
S
lan
t
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
g
lo
b
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
a
p
ict
u
r
e.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
h
o
w
e
v
er
s
elec
ted
as
lo
ca
l
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
b
y
Ke
k
r
e
et
al.
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
e
test
in
g
r
es
u
lt
i
n
d
i
ca
tes
th
at
t
h
e
b
est
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
is
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
Haa
r
-
S
la
n
t.
I
f
Haa
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
c
o
u
p
led
w
ith
D
C
T
,
DST
,
Haa
r
-
Har
tle
y
an
d
R
ea
l
-
DFT
[
4
0
]
,
t
h
en
th
e
b
est
h
y
b
r
i
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
Haar
-
DC
T
o
f
R
MSE
9
.
7
7
.
Sev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
also
test
ed
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
u
s
i
n
g
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
DC
T
,
ac
tin
g
as
b
ase
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
DW
T
,
Kek
r
e,
DKT
,
D
W
T
,
DH
T
,
W
al
s
h
,
Haa
r
,
Sin
e,
o
r
Slan
t
[
4
1
-
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
test
in
g
r
esu
lt
[
4
1
-
4
3
]
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
u
s
i
n
g
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
DC
T
-
Ke
k
r
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
[
4
2
]
is
ev
en
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
a
r
elati
v
el
y
g
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
(
P
SNR
=
6
3
.
4
d
B
,
MSE
=0
.
2
)
.
T
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
es
u
lt
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
w
h
en
ap
p
lied
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
lo
r
s
p
ac
es
[
4
4
]
,
[
4
5
]
,
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
D
C
T
-
Haa
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ai
n
tai
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
a
p
ictu
r
e.
H
y
b
r
id
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
d
e
v
elo
p
s
h
y
b
r
i
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
at
u
s
es
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
co
d
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
an
d
w
a
v
el
et
-
b
ased
m
e
th
o
d
.
A
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
Af
r
o
s
e
et
al.
[
4
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
j
o
in
t
o
f
3
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
:
S
in
g
u
lar
Val
u
e
Dec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
S
VD)
,
Dis
cr
ete
W
av
elet
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DW
T
)
an
d
Dis
cr
ete
C
o
s
i
n
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
D
C
T
)
.
Hav
in
g
u
s
ed
t
h
ese
t
h
r
ee
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
th
e
n
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
Q
u
a
n
tizatio
n
f
ac
to
r
an
d
en
tr
o
p
y
e
n
co
d
in
g
.
T
h
e
test
i
n
g
r
es
u
lt
i
n
d
icate
s
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
i
m
a
g
e
o
f
2
0
.
6
1
d
B
in
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
P
SNR
a
n
d
0
.
0
3
3
in
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
MSE
.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
i
n
cl
u
d
es
KFC
G
(
Kek
r
e
'
s
Fas
t
C
o
d
eb
o
o
k
Gen
er
atio
n
)
an
d
KM
C
G
(
Kek
r
e
's
Me
d
ian
C
o
d
eb
o
o
k
Gen
er
atio
n
)
[
4
7
]
q
u
an
tizat
io
n
m
eth
o
d
r
ef
i
n
e
m
en
ts
as
w
e
l
l.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
KF
C
G
an
d
KM
C
G
q
u
a
n
tizatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
f
aster
th
a
n
th
a
t
o
f
L
B
G
(
L
in
d
e
B
u
z
u
Gr
a
y
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
te
s
ti
n
g
r
es
u
l
t
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
o
f
K
FC
G
q
u
a
n
tizatio
n
a
n
d
H
y
b
r
id
W
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
least
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
a
r
elati
v
el
y
g
o
o
d
i
m
ag
e
q
u
a
lit
y
a
s
is
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
Stru
ct
u
r
al
Si
m
ilar
it
y
I
n
d
e
x
(
S
SIM
)
o
f
0
.
9
7
4
n
ea
r
ly
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
1
,
w
h
ic
h
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
elati
v
el
y
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
c
o
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
g
et
an
o
p
ti
m
al
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
r
atio
an
d
b
est
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
lo
s
s
y
an
d
l
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[1
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M
.
M
e
rd
iy
a
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
In
d
a
rto
,
“
Im
p
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l
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Ru
n
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th
,
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lf
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y
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d
a
n
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ffm
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n
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k
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m
p
re
si
F
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e
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e
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p
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e
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lo
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I
n
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rm
a
si 2
0
0
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S
NAT
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2
0
0
5
)
,
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
p
p
.
7
9
–
8
4
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
]
H.
M
e
sra
,
H.
T
jan
d
ra
sa
,
a
n
d
C.
F
a
ti
c
h
a
h
,
“
Ne
w
L
o
ss
le
ss
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
u
sin
g
Cy
c
li
c
Re
v
e
rsib
le
L
o
w
Co
n
tras
t
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
(CRL
CM
),
”
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ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
),
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
6
(
6
),
p
p
.
2
8
3
6
,
De
se
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[3
]
G
.
M
.
P
a
d
m
a
ja,
a
n
d
P
.
P
a
n
i
ru
p
a
m
a
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
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o
f
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rio
u
s
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
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e
c
h
n
iq
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e
s”
,
AR
P
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J
o
u
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o
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T
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y
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e
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2
(4
),
p
p
.
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7
1
–
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6
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2
0
1
2
[4
]
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M
a
lw
in
d
e
r,
a
n
d
K.
Na
v
d
e
e
p
,
“
A
L
it
re
a
tu
re
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
L
o
ss
les
s
I
m
a
g
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Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
:,
In
ter
n
a
ti
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a
l
J
o
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r
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l
o
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v
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n
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Res
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n
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m
p
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n
d
Co
mm
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n
ica
ti
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n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
AR
CCE),
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
4
(
3
),
p
p
.
4
9
1
–
4
9
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
A
.
W
a
n
g
,
:
A
n
I
m
a
g
e
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m
p
re
s
sio
n
M
e
th
o
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Ba
se
d
o
n
W
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v
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let
T
r
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n
sf
o
r
m
a
n
d
Ne
u
ra
l
Ne
t
w
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rk
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
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o
mm
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g
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n
d
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o
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tro
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l/
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e
:
1
3
(2
)
,
p
p
.
5
8
7
–
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9
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
S
.
Ya
d
a
v
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
in
g
h
,
“
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
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s”
,
In
ter
n
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ti
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J
o
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rn
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l
o
f
A
d
v
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Res
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rc
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in
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ter
En
g
in
e
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ri
n
g
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
AR
CET
)
,
v
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l
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
9
),
p
p
.
3
5
1
3
–
3
5
2
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
M
.
S
o
n
k
a
,
e
t
a
l,
“
I
m
a
g
e
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
a
n
a
ly
sis,
a
n
d
M
a
c
h
in
e
V
isio
n
”
.
T
h
ird
E
d
it
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o
n
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ter
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ti
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t
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d
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E
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it
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m
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rn
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P
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rt
o
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h
e
Th
o
m
so
n
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r
p
o
ra
ti
o
n
.
Un
it
e
d
S
tat
e
s o
f
Am
e
ric
a
,
2
0
0
8
.
[8
]
R.
C.
G
o
n
z
a
les
,
a
n
d
R.
E.
W
o
o
d
s,
“
Dig
i
tal
Im
a
g
e
P
ro
c
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ss
in
g
”
,
USA
:
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d
d
iso
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-
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e
sle
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P
u
b
li
sh
in
g
Co
m
p
a
n
y
In
c
,
2
0
0
8
.
[
9
]
M
.
M
.
H.
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
a
n
d
A
.
K
h
a
tu
n
,
“
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
Disc
r
e
te
W
a
v
e
let
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s (
IJ
CS
I
),
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
9
(
4
),
p
p
.
3
2
7
–
3
3
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
M
.
A
rh
a
m
i,
e
t
a
l.
“
T
h
e
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
Bio
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
a
n
d
Diff
e
re
n
t
Co
d
in
g
M
e
th
o
d
to
Qu
a
li
ty
o
f
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
s,
S
ta
ti
stics
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
2
0
0
8
(
IC
M
S
A
0
8
)
,
Ba
n
d
a
A
c
e
h
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
–
1
6
3
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
1
]
V
.
V
.
Ya
p
,
a
n
d
R.
C
o
m
le
y
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
W
a
v
e
let
-
Ba
se
d
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
S
y
ste
m
”
,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
T
h
ird
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
fo
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h
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.
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.
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.
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6
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.
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e
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“
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[
18
]
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iu
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d
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iu
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“
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p
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[1
9
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.
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0
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.
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.
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M
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,
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,
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p
.
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–
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7
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.
[2
2
]
P
.
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d
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mp
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,
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l/
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(3
),
p
p
.
2
0
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3
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0
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4
.
[2
3
]
K.
Ch
iran
jee
v
i,
a
n
d
U
.
R.
Je
n
a
,
“
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m
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se
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to
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n
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o
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p
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5
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0
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6
.
[2
4
]
C.
Jia
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
Yin
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
Im
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g
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Co
m
p
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ss
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n
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l
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m
B
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Hu
m
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m
”
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In
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A
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m M
o
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g
(
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M
2
0
1
0
)
.
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
V
9
-
1
7
0
-
V9
-
1
7
3
,
2
0
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0
.
[2
5
]
C.
S
.
Ra
w
a
t,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
h
e
r,
“
A
Hy
b
rid
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m
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g
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Co
m
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re
s
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n
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DCT
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n
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ra
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tal
Im
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g
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Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
”
,
T
h
e
In
ter
n
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l
Ar
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l/
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(6
),
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p
.
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5
3
–
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1
3
.
[2
6
]
M
.
V.
S
u
b
b
a
ra
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
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m
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g
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m
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re
ss
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sin
g
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T
a
n
d
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u
ra
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Ne
tw
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rk
s”
,
In
ter
n
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ti
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J
o
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l
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Ad
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l/
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:
5
3
,
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p
.
3
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–
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,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
7
]
N.K.
P
a
ti
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Tex
tu
re
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n
d
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r
F
e
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tu
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se
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g
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m
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re
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sio
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
m
a
rt S
tr
u
c
tu
re
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
-
ICS
S
S
’
1
3
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
8
2
–
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6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
28
]
S
.
E.
G
h
ra
re
,
a
n
d
A
.
R.
Kh
o
b
a
i
z
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
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n
u
sin
g
Blo
c
k
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n
d
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a
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Ha
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rd
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ra
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H
y
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rid
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e
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h
n
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e
”
,
In
ter
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ti
o
n
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l
C
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n
fer
e
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e
o
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Co
m
p
u
ter
,
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o
mm
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e
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,
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h
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la
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,
p
p
.
4
7
7
–
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8
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
29
]
A
.
Ja
s
si
m
F
,
“
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
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n
b
y
Em
b
e
d
d
in
g
F
iv
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M
o
d
u
l
u
s M
e
th
o
d
in
t
o
J
P
EG
”
,
S
ig
n
a
l
&
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
:
An
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
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rn
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l
,
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l/
issu
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:
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),
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p
.
3
1
–
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9
,
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0
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3
.
[3
0
]
E.
El
h
a
ra
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
Co
m
p
re
ss
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n
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e
th
o
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f
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r
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teg
ra
l
Im
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g
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u
sin
g
Disc
re
te
W
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v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
Disc
re
te Co
sin
e
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Disp
la
y
T
e
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h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l/
i
ss
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e
:
3
(3
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
1
–
3
2
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
1
]
H.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
“
H
y
b
r
id
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
DWT
,
DC
T
&
Hu
ffm
a
n
En
c
o
d
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
(1
0
),
p
p
.
3
0
0
–
3
0
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
2
]
R.
G
.
.
Ba
ra
n
iu
k
,
“
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
s
sio
n
u
sin
g
a
n
Ef
f
icie
n
t”,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
T
o
d
a
y
’s
Id
e
a
s
–
T
o
mo
rr
o
w’s
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
J
OTIT
T
)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
(
1
),
p
p
.
4
5
–
5
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
3
]
S
.
K.
Ay
y
a
p
p
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
si
n
g
Hy
b
rid
DCT
-
D
WT
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
AR
CS
S
E)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
5
(5
),
p
p
.
1
6
5
5
–
1
6
5
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
4
]
C.
S
.
Ra
ju
,
a
n
d
D.V
.
R
.
K.
Re
d
d
y
,
“
On
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
C
h
a
ra
c
teristics
o
f
W
h
it
e
Ba
n
d
a
n
d
Na
rro
w
Ba
n
d
Im
a
g
e
s
u
sin
g
H
y
b
rid
DCT
a
n
d
DWT
”
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
(
ICECS
2
0
1
5
)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
8
2
7
–
8
3
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
5
]
P
.
V.M
.
V
i
jay
a
b
h
a
sk
a
r,
a
n
d
N.
R.
Ra
a
jan
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
W
a
v
e
let
F
il
ters
in
Im
a
g
e
Co
d
in
g
u
sin
g
Hy
b
rid
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Eme
rg
i
n
g
T
re
n
d
s
in
V
L
S
I,
Emb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m,
Na
n
o
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m (
ICEV
ENT
)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
6
]
S
.
P
.
Ba
n
u
,
a
n
d
Y.
V
e
n
k
a
tara
m
a
n
i,
“
A
n
E
ff
ic
ien
t
H
y
b
rid
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
S
c
h
e
m
e
Ba
se
d
o
n
Co
rre
latio
n
o
f
P
ix
e
ls
f
o
r
S
to
ra
g
e
a
n
d
T
ra
n
sm
issi
o
n
o
f
I
m
a
g
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:1
8
(
3
),
p
p
.
6
–
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
7
]
B.
A
.
Ge
e
ta,
a
n
d
G
.
S
o
n
a
l,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
Be
tw
e
e
n
S
in
g
le
Ort
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
a
n
d
Hy
b
ri
d
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
S
to
rin
g
Co
lo
r
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
in
G
re
y
S
c
a
le
I
m
a
g
e
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Eme
rg
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ET
AE
)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
2
(
1
1
),
p
p
.
7
6
8
–
7
7
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
38
]
H.B.
Ke
k
re
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
Hy
b
rid
Wav
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
G
e
n
e
ra
ted
u
sin
g
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
s
o
f
Di
ffe
r
e
n
t
S
ize
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
S
CE)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
3
(
3
),
p
p
.
5
3
–
5
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[
39
]
H.B.
Ke
k
re
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
lo
r
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
H
y
b
rid
W
a
v
e
let
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
w
it
h
Ha
a
r
a
s
B
a
s
e
T
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
ti
fi
c
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l/
i
ss
u
e
:
4
(6
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
0
]
H.B.
Ke
k
re
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
C
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
Hy
b
rid
Ha
a
r
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
V
a
rio
u
s
L
o
c
a
l
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
s
in
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
Diff
e
r
e
n
t
Err
o
r
M
e
tri
c
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Im
a
g
e
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(
IJ
IP)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
8
(
4
),
p
p
.
1
8
6
–
2
0
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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J
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C
E
Vo
l.
7
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4
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u
g
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s
t
2
0
1
7
:
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2
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6
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2
1
4
2214
[4
1
]
S
.
D.
T
h
e
p
a
d
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
Eran
d
o
le,
“
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
T
il
in
g
in
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
&
H
y
b
rid
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
Co
sin
e
”
,
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Eme
rg
in
g
T
re
n
d
s
in
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Na
n
o
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICECCN
2
0
1
3
)
,
p
p
.
7
5
3
–
7
5
8
.
2
0
1
3
.
[4
2
]
T
.
De
e
p
a
,
a
n
d
H.
G
iri
sh
a
,
“
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
si
n
g
Hy
b
rid
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
T
h
e
ir
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Of
M
o
d
e
rn
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
IJ
M
ER
)
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
4
(
6
),
p
p
.
6
–
1
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
3
]
H.B.
Ke
k
re
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
S
u
p
e
ri
o
rit
y
o
f
H
y
b
rid
DK
T
-
DC
T
W
a
v
e
let
C
o
m
p
a
re
d
T
o
DK
T
,
D
CT
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
d
T
h
e
ir
W
a
v
e
lets
in
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
”
,
5
th
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
-
Co
n
fl
u
e
n
c
e
T
h
e
Ne
x
t
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
S
u
mm
it
(
Co
n
fl
u
e
n
c
e
)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
6
1
9
–
6
2
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
4
]
S
.
D.
T
h
e
p
a
d
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
Eran
d
o
le,
“
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
Ro
w
&
Co
lu
m
n
Co
si
n
e
H
y
b
rid
W
a
v
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
w
it
h
V
a
rio
u
s
Co
lo
r
S
p
a
c
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
fo
r
C
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
2
0
1
4
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
5
]
S
.
D,
T
h
e
p
a
d
e
,
a
n
d
J.H.
De
w
a
n
,
“
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
H
y
b
rid
Wav
e
let
T
ra
n
s
f
o
rm
w
it
h
V
a
r
y
in
g
P
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
s
o
f
Co
sin
e
,
Ha
a
r,
W
a
lsh
a
n
d
Ke
k
re
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
s
w
it
h
A
s
so
rted
Co
lo
r
S
p
a
c
e
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l,
In
stru
me
n
ta
t
io
n
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
ICCICCT
)
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
0
–
1
5
0
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
6
]
S.
A
f
ro
se
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
S
V
D
-
DWT
-
DC
T
Ba
se
d
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Im
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
a
n
d
Qu
a
li
ty
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
h
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
e
d
Im
a
g
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICEE
ICT
)
,
Ba
n
g
l
a
d
e
sh
:IE
EE
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
7
]
H.B.
Ke
k
re
HB,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
lo
r
I
m
a
g
e
Co
m
p
re
ss
io
n
u
sin
g
V
e
c
to
r
Qu
a
n
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Hy
b
rid
W
a
v
e
l
e
t
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
”
,
Pro
c
e
d
ia
C
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Un
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rc
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ield
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Dig
it
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