Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
,
No.
6
,
D
ece
m
ber
201
8
, pp.
5134
~
51
43
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
51
34
-
51
43
5134
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
A Minia
turized
Patch A
ntenn
a Designe
d and M
anufa
cture
d
Using Sl
ot's Te
ch
niq
ue fo
r RFI
D UHF
Mobi
le App
lications
Y
ounes
El
Hac
himi
, Yassin
e
Gmih,
El
Mostaf
a
M
ak
r
oum,
Ab
delm
aji
d
Farc
hi
La
bora
tor
y
of
E
ngine
er
ing, Indu
stria
l
M
ana
geme
nt
and
Innova
ti
o
n
Univer
sit
y
Hass
an
1st,
Facu
lty
o
f
Scie
n
ce
s
and T
ec
hn
olog
ie
s,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
4
, 201
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
19
,
201
8
Accepte
d
J
ul
22
, 2
01
8
In
thi
s
rese
arc
h
work,
a
novel
compac
t
ant
en
na
with
rec
t
ang
ula
r
slots
is
pre
sente
d
for
r
a
dio
fre
quen
c
y
id
ent
ifica
ti
on
(RFI
D)
handl
ed
app
l
ic
a
ti
ons
in
the
ult
r
ahi
gh
fre
quency
(UH
F)
band
tha
t
ca
n
be
m
anuf
ac
ture
d
an
d
int
egr
a
te
d
int
o
RF
ID
readers
without
d
iffi
cu
lt
.
A
p
ro
toty
pe
d
emons
tra
ti
ng
the
afo
rement
ion
ed
feature
s
was
construc
t
ed
and
m
ea
sured.
Th
e
proposed
ant
enn
a
is
f
ed
b
y
50
-
Ω
coa
x
ial
c
abl
e
and
pr
in
te
d
on
a
1
.
6m
m
thi
ck
FR
4
subs
tra
te
which
has
a
sm
al
l
size
and
occ
upi
es
a
volume
of
68×66
×1.
6m
m
3
.
The
p
at
ch
,
th
e
f
ee
d
-
l
ine
and
gro
und
pla
n
e
ar
e
m
ade
of
PEC
(Per
fec
t
Elec
tr
i
c
Conduct
or)
with
a
thi
ckne
ss
of
0
.
035
m
m
.
Mea
sured
result
s
indi
c
at
e
that
the
proposed
ant
en
na
has
a
good
impedanc
e
m
a
tching
cha
r
acte
ris
ti
c
r
angi
n
g
from
889
to
939
MH
z,
which
cov
ers
the
US
A RFI
D
-
band
(
902
–
928MH
z),
the
Chine
se
RF
ID
-
o
per
ating
-
band
(
920
–
924.
5MH
z),
and
th
e
Kore
a
and
Jap
an
RF
ID
-
band
(917
–
923.
5MH
z).
Th
ese
resul
ts we
re ac
hi
eve
d
b
y
the i
nserti
on
o
f
slots
in
th
e
com
pac
t
stru
ct
ur
e
of
the
ant
enn
a.
Th
e
elec
tromagneti
c
sim
ula
tors
HF
S
S
(High
Freque
nc
y
stru
ct
ur
e
sim
ula
tor)
and
CS
T
(Com
pute
r
Sim
ula
ti
on
Te
chno
log
y
)
m
i
cro
wave
stud
io
were
used
for
the
d
esign,
m
odel
ing
and
sim
ula
ti
on
of
th
e
antenna
.
Th
e
f
ocus
of
the
stud
y
of
our
an
te
nna
was
on
the
par
amete
rs
of
ret
urn
loss,
ba
ndwidth,
Voltage
Standi
ng
W
ave
Rat
io
(VS
W
R),
input
i
m
peda
nce a
nd
g
ai
n.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Ba
ndwidt
h
Com
pact anten
na
Gain
Inp
ut I
m
ped
an
ce
R
e
turn loss
RFIDU
HF
rea
de
r
S
lots
VSW
R
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ute of
Ad
v
ance
d
Engi
ne
eri
ng
and
Sc
ie
n
ce
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
You
nes
El
Hac
him
i,
Lab
or
at
ory
of
En
gin
eeri
ng, I
ndus
tria
l M
a
na
gem
ent an
d I
nnovat
io
n
,
Faculty
of S
ci
e
nces a
nd Tec
hnol
og
ie
s
, S
et
ta
t
-
Mo
ro
cc
o
,
Unive
rsity
H
assa
n 1
st
,
Road
of Casa
bl
anca,
Ma
il
Bo
x: 57
7,
Km
3
, Set
ta
t
-
Mor
occ
o.
Em
a
il
: el
hach
im
i.y
ou
nes
1@
gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
ra
dio
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
i
den
ti
f
ic
at
ion
te
ch
no
log
y
(RFID)
i
s
the
c
urre
nt
do
m
inati
ng
te
chnolo
gy
i
n
wireless
c
ommun
ic
at
io
n
bec
a
us
e
it
pro
vid
es
a
m
uch
m
or
e
flexible
way
of
non
-
c
onta
ct
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
.
As
of
la
te
,
RFID
syst
e
m
s
hav
e
bee
n
receivin
g
an
i
ncr
easi
ng
am
ou
nt
of
inte
rest
[1
]
-
[
2]
both
from
the
sci
entifi
c
a
nd
industrial
com
m
un
it
ie
s.
These
syst
e
m
s
are
fou
nd
e
d
on
sa
ving
an
d
extra
ct
ing
wireless
data
that
con
c
ern
th
e
obj
ect
to
ide
ntify.
T
he
inte
rchang
e
of
data
a
nd
inf
orm
ation
is
done
by
us
i
ng
ra
diofr
e
que
ncy
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
fiel
ds
.
A
n
RFI
D
syst
e
m
gen
e
rall
y
con
ta
ins
a
read
er
,
a
ta
g,
an
d
a d
at
a
proc
essing
syst
em
.
Figure
1
e
xh
i
bits
the
functi
onin
g
of
the
RFI
D
syst
e
m
[3
]
.
T
he
e
nergy
is
tra
nsm
itted
by
the
r
eader
(f
it
te
d
w
it
h
an
a
nten
na)
to
the
RFID
Tag
by
t
he
way
of
r
adio
-
f
reque
ncy
waves.
T
his
energy
is
use
d
to
act
ivate
th
e
ta
g
by
se
nding
a
n
inf
or
m
at
ion
re
qu
e
st
to
w
hich
the
ta
g
locat
e
d
withi
n
it
s
m
a
gn
et
ic
fiel
d
res
ponds
[
4],
[
5].
The
r
eade
r
is
usual
ly
connecte
d
t
o
a
ho
st
data
proces
sin
g
syst
e
m
that
e
m
bo
dies
the
inf
orm
at
ion
of
the
identified
it
em
and
com
m
un
ic
at
es w
it
h othe
r
rem
ote d
at
a
proce
s
sing sy
ste
m
s [
6].
In
ref
e
ren
ce
t
o
the
ISO
(Inter
national
Sta
ndard
iz
at
io
n
O
rganizat
ion)
sta
ndar
d,
the
RF
I
D
f
reque
ncy
bands
are
t
he
LF
(
Lo
w
F
re
quency
)
at
125
kH
z
[
7],
the
H
F
(
High
F
re
quency)
ba
nd
at
13.56MHz
[
8],
the
UHF
band
f
ro
m
860
to
960MHz
,
[
9],
an
d
2.4
5GHz
[
10
]
an
d
5.
8GHz
ba
nds
[
11
]
,
[
12]
.
Be
cause
of
the
ad
va
ntages
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
ize
d Patc
h
A
nten
na
Desig
ne
d and M
anuf
acture
d Usin
g Slot
'
s
Tech
nique
…
(
Youn
es
El
Ha
c
himi
)
5135
of
l
onger
rea
di
ng
distance,
f
ast
read
in
g
s
pe
ed
an
d
la
r
ge
inf
or
m
at
ion
stora
ge
ca
pab
il
it
y,
[13],
U
HF
-
RFID
sys
tem
has
been
acq
uiri
ng
an
incre
asi
ng
po
pu
la
rity
for
m
any
ind
us
tria
l
ser
vices
su
c
h
as
in
ven
t
ory
m
anag
em
ent,
trackin
g,
s
upply
chai
n,
and
bio
e
ngin
eerin
g
ap
plica
ti
on
s.
Howe
ver
a
nd
des
pite
the
aforem
entione
d
ISO
sta
nd
a
rd,
li
censed
UHF
RFID
operati
ng
f
reque
ncy
b
a
nd
s
a
re
al
locat
ed
withi
n
the
860
t
o
960
MHz
ba
nd
,
dep
e
n
ding
on
the
geo
gra
ph
i
cal
reg
io
n,
as
f
or
exam
ple,
ETSI
ba
nd
(86
5
-
868
MHz
)
in
Euro
pe,
FCC
band
(
902
-
928
MHz
)
in
N
or
t
h
an
d
S
ou
t
h
Am
erica,
920.5
-
924.5M
Hz
in
Chin
a,
a
nd
917
-
92
3.5
MHz
in
Korea a
nd also
Jap
a
n
[14].
The
RF
ID
rea
der
a
nten
na
is
one
of
the
es
sentia
l
co
ns
ti
tuent
el
em
ents
of
a
n
RF
I
D
sy
stem
and
it
s
capaci
ty
will
sp
eci
fy
the
perf
or
m
ance
of
en
ti
re
syst
e
m
[1
5].
T
he
pe
rfo
r
m
ance
of
su
c
h
syst
e
m
s
is
directl
y
li
nk
ed
to
t
he
ta
rg
et
a
pp
li
cat
ion
'
s
ty
pe
an
d
to
th
e
ante
nna'
s
char
act
e
risti
cs
(sh
a
pe,
dim
ension
s,
ty
pe
of
m
et
al
l
iz
at
ion
,
et
c.).
Eac
h
of
t
hese
c
har
act
eri
sti
cs
dep
e
nds
on
pa
ram
et
ers
li
ke
resona
nt
f
reque
ncy,
ba
ndwi
dth,
gain,
a
nd
direc
ti
vity
.
The
dim
ensio
ning
of
th
e
RFID
a
nten
na
sh
ould
ta
ke
into
acc
ount
th
e
i
ntend
e
d
usa
ge
an
d
the
desire
d
re
so
na
nt
f
reque
ncy
[7
]
.
H
ow
ever,
the
nee
ds
for
sm
a
ll
a
nten
na
pro
vid
i
ng
s
uffici
ent
ov
e
rall
perform
ance
is
gr
owin
g
due
to
the
increasi
ng
dem
and
for
s
m
al
l
co
m
pact
wireless
de
vic
es
with
high
da
ta
rate
trans
fer
ca
pa
bi
li
ti
es, low
-
pr
ic
e an
d no det
rim
ental
eff
ect
s
on hum
an
heal
th.
The
m
ic
ro
-
stri
p
patch
ante
nna,
bei
ng
one
of
t
he
m
os
t
sign
ific
a
nt
devel
op
m
ents
in
anten
na
a
nd
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
histo
ry,
c
ons
ti
tutes
a
via
ble
so
l
ution
to
th
e
nee
d
for
i
nc
reasin
gly
com
pact
a
nten
na.
It
has
at
tract
ed
co
ns
i
der
a
ble
interes
t
du
e
t
o
their
l
ow
fa
br
ic
at
io
n
cost,
lo
w
prof
i
le
,
ease
of
fa
br
ic
at
ion
,
li
ght
w
ei
gh
t,
and
c
om
patibilit
y
with
pr
inted
ci
rcu
it
s
[16],
[1
7].
D
ue
to
these
ad
van
ta
ge
s,
m
ic
ro
-
strip
patch
anten
na'
s
us
es
include
portab
le
de
vices
s
uc
h
as
m
ob
il
e
phones
,
la
pt
op
s
et
c
[
18
]
.
T
he
reducti
on
in
si
ze
that
the
se
de
vices
hav
e
know
n
in
the
pa
st
dec
ade
is
dr
i
ving
the
fo
c
us
on
s
m
al
le
r
m
or
e
com
pact
m
ic
ro
-
strip
patc
h
ant
enn
a
s,
placi
ng this iss
ue
at
the
frontl
ine
of interest
f
or v
a
rio
us
rese
arch
e
rs [19]
.
Ma
ny
m
et
ho
ds
of
m
iniat
ur
iz
at
ion
ha
ve
bee
n
e
m
plo
ye
d
su
c
h
as
short
-
ci
rc
uiti
ng
betwee
n
the
patch
and
the g
r
ound
plane
[
20
]
,
the
aug
m
entat
ion
of
the
relat
ive d
ie
le
ct
ric
con
st
ant
of
the
s
ubstrat
e
[
21]
,
the
use
of
fr
act
al
struct
ure
[22],
the
use
of
m
et
a
m
at
e
rial
s
[23]
and
rem
od
el
ing
or
introd
ucin
g
of
slots
in
the
patch
(D
MS
)
or
the
gro
und
plane
(
DGS)
(S
lots
te
chn
i
qu
e
)
[
24]
.
In
t
his
w
ork,
w
e
us
e
d
the
slot
te
chn
iq
ue.
It
c
on
sist
s
of
t
he
c
reati
on
of
va
rio
us
res
on
a
nt
str
uctu
re
s
into
a
n
a
nten
na
th
rou
gh
cut
ti
ng
sl
ots
of
diff
e
r
ent
ge
om
etr
ic
al
sh
a
pes.
T
his
te
chn
i
qu
e
al
l
ow
s
to
m
iniat
ur
iz
e
the
ante
nn
a
a
nd
to
im
pr
ove
hi
s
band
width.
Seve
ral
stud
ie
s
ha
ve
recently
exp
l
ored
dif
fer
e
nt
ge
om
et
ric
design
con
fi
gurati
ons
fo
r
the
pur
pos
e
of
ba
ndwidt
h
en
han
cem
ent
and
siz
e reducti
on
[25
]
-
[
26]
.
Figure
1. Pr
i
nc
iple o
f
a
n
RF
I
D
syst
em
o
perat
ion
[
3
]
In
this pa
per,
a
com
pact
an
d
l
ow
-
pr
of
il
e n
e
w
patch
ante
nna
str
uctur
e
w
it
h
rectan
gu
la
r
slots fo
r
RF
I
D
UHF
rea
der
i
s
propose
d.
T
he
m
ai
n
pu
r
po
se
of
this
w
ork
is
to
desi
gn
a
m
iniat
ur
e
anten
na
with
go
od
char
act
e
risti
cs.
The
com
pactn
ess
was
ac
hiev
ed
by
usi
ng
the
slots
te
chn
i
que.
The
a
nten
na
’s
desi
gn
w
as
s
ta
rted
with the use of
a r
ect
an
gu
la
r s
lot i
n
the p
at
c
h t
o
achieve a
da
ptati
on
. T
he
n,
t
o
im
pr
ov
e
rad
i
at
ion
ch
a
racter
ist
ic
s
su
c
h
as
ret
urn
loss,
band
widt
h,
a
nd
gai
n,
w
e
ha
ve
integ
rat
ed
s
ub
se
quent
geo
m
et
rical
sl
ots
to
the
patc
h.
T
he
anten
na
is
co
nst
it
uted
by
a
f
eed
li
ne
a
nd
a
patch
th
at
co
m
pr
ise
s
nu
m
ero
us
ge
om
et
ric
al
slots.
A
para
m
et
ric
stud
y
was
em
plo
ye
d
to
opti
m
iz
e
the
fin
al
de
sign.
The
obta
i
ned
resu
lt
s
of
the
pro
po
se
d
a
nten
na
we
re
ta
lked
ov
e
r. The
last
par
t
of the
pa
pe
r pr
ese
nts a c
om
par
ison bet
ween o
ur a
nten
na
a
nd o
t
her struct
ur
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5134
-
5143
5136
2.
AN
TE
NNA D
ESIGN
The
str
uctur
e
of
the
propose
d
anten
na
an
d
it
s
var
ious
para
m
et
ers
are
descr
ibe
d
in
Fig
ur
e
2.
It
ha
s
dim
ension
s
of
68
×
66
×
1.6
m
m
3
with
com
p
act
siz
e
and
operates
in
UHB
band.
It
is
s
upplied
by
a
50
O
hm
m
ic
ro
-
strip
li
ne
with
a
le
ngth
of
L
f
=
25
m
m
and
wi
dth
of
Wf
=
4.2
m
m
.
The
ra
diati
ng
el
e
m
ent
and
th
e
feed
-
li
ne
are
P
ECs
(
Perf
ect
Ele
ct
ri
c
Cond
ucto
r)
0.0
35
m
m
thick.
A
ph
otog
raph
of
t
he
fa
b
ricat
ed
a
nten
na
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
8
.
T
he
ante
nn
a
wa
s
m
anu
fact
ur
e
dem
plo
yi
ng
an
FR4
s
ub
st
rate
with
a
relat
iv
e
per
m
it
t
ivit
y
of
4.
4,
loss
ta
ngent
of
0.025,
a
nd
th
ic
kn
ess
of
h=
1.6
m
m
.
The
anten
na
is
co
nst
it
uted
by
a
fe
ed
-
li
ne
,
a
patc
h
that
c
om
pr
ise
s
se
ve
ral
ra
diati
ng
slots
of
dif
fere
nt
s
hap
e
s
a
nd
a
gr
ound
plane.
Dim
ension
s
of
the
patch,
slots
,
gro
und
pla
ne
and
s
ubstrat
e
ar
e
reg
r
oupe
d
in
the
Table
I.
T
he
desi
gn
proc
ess
can
be
di
vid
ed
int
o
three
ste
ps
with d
if
fer
e
nt an
te
nna co
nfig
ur
at
io
ns
which
are il
lustrate
d
in
Fig
ure
3
as A
nt 1, A
nt 2
a
nd
Ant 3(t
he
pro
posed
anten
na),
res
pe
ct
ively
.
All
Th
ese
anten
nas
a
re
pri
nte
d
on
F
R4
substr
at
es
with
the
sam
e
vo
l
um
e
and
wi
th
the
sam
e
gr
ou
nd
plane.
For
the
purpose
of
r
each
the
e
xact
resona
nt
fr
e
quency
a
nd
t
o
ri
se
the
ret
urn
loss,
si
m
ulati
on
s w
e
re carrie
d o
ut i
n 3 iterat
io
ns
,
re
flect
ing
t
he gr
adu
al
i
ns
erti
on of slots
in
t
he a
nten
na.
In
A
nt
1,
t
he
a
nten
na
desig
n
sta
rts
with
a
re
ct
angular
sl
ot
t
hat
wa
s
intr
od
uced
in
t
he
pat
ch
to
ac
hieve
adap
ta
ti
on,
bu
t
the
i
m
ped
anc
e
m
at
ching
wa
s
poor
a
nd
the
anten
na
was
no
t
ad
apte
d
to
the
desire
d
re
so
na
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
I
n
An
t
2,
we
have
m
od
ifie
d
the
sh
ape
of
the
r
ect
angular
slot
to
H
-
s
ha
ped
s
lot
to
at
ta
in
the
exact
resona
nt
f
requ
ency.
It
e
xhibit
ed
a
good
im
ped
ance
m
at
chi
ng
cha
racteri
st
ic
,
ref
le
ct
io
n
c
oeffici
ent
le
ss
than
10
dB w
it
h
a retu
r
n
loss of
-
21
dB
at 91
7
MHz
and
a ban
dw
i
dt
h
of 53 MHz f
r
om
8
90
to
84
3
MHz. Howeve
r,
the
return
lo
ss
m
us
t
be
im
pr
ov
e
d.
The
refor
e
,
in
An
t
3,
our
pro
po
s
ed
a
nten
na,
sever
al
sl
ots
ha
ve
bee
n
em
bed
de
d
to
the
patch
a
nd
a
ge
om
et
ri
cal
m
od
ific
at
i
on
of
the
wi
dt
h
of
the
fee
d
-
li
ne
has
bee
n
done
to
boos
t
the
char
act
e
risti
cs
of
the
a
nten
na
and
i
n
orde
r
to
obta
in
a
good
ada
ptati
on.
As
a
res
ult,
th
e
return
los
s
S
11
has
been inc
rease
d.
An
im
ped
ance
ba
ndwidt
h
of
43
M
Hz
ra
ng
ing
from
894
to
93
7
M
Hz
was
ac
hieve
d
in
the
cent
e
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
of
916.6MHz
with
a
su
it
able
re
flect
ion
coe
ff
i
ci
ent
of
-
45.69
dB.
T
hese
r
eflect
ion
coe
ffi
ci
ents
si
m
ulati
on
ch
aracte
risti
cs
of
the
th
ree
ste
ps
we
re
a
naly
zed
us
in
g
th
e
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
si
m
ulator
CS
T
Mi
cro
wa
ve
St
ud
i
o.
I
n
orde
r
to
validat
e
thes
e
resu
lt
s,
we
c
arr
ie
d
ou
t
the
s
tud
y
with
an
ot
her
sim
ulator
(
HF
S
S)
.
Fig
ure
3
s
hows
the r
et
urn
loss
o
f
the evoluti
on o
f our str
uctur
e
. Th
e ret
urn
loss
is im
pr
oved; it
ch
ang
es from
-
13.74
dB
at
983MHz
to
-
45.
69
dB
at
91
6MHz
by
usi
ng
CST
an
d
f
ro
m
-
13.5
dB
at
1G
Hz
to
–
28.
89
dB
at
920MHz
b
y
u
s
ing
HFSS.
(a)
(b)
Figure
2
.
The
pro
po
se
d
a
nten
na
c
onfigu
rati
on: (a
)
to
p view
and (
b) bott
om view
Table
1.
Dim
e
ns
io
ns
of the
prop
os
ed
an
te
nna
Para
m
eters
L
W
Lp
Wp
Lf
Wf
Di
m
en
sio
n
s (
m
m
)
68
66
58
42
25
4
.2
Para
m
eters
Lg
Wg
U1
U2
U3
U4
Di
m
en
sio
n
s (
m
m
)
66
1
24
43
7
.5
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
ize
d Patc
h
A
nten
na
Desig
ne
d and M
anuf
acture
d Usin
g Slot
'
s
Tech
nique
…
(
Youn
es
El
Ha
c
himi
)
5137
Figure
3
.
Sim
ulate
d
retu
r
n
los
s for
A
nt 1,
Ant 2 a
nd Ant
3 f
or both
sim
ulato
r
(HFS
S a
nd
CST)
3.
PARA
METR
IC
ST
U
DY
T
o
unde
rsta
nd
the
eff
ect
s
of
va
rio
us
pa
ram
eter
s
on
the
pro
pose
d
anten
na
pe
rfor
m
ance,
a
par
am
et
ric
stud
y
is
being
e
m
plo
ye
d
to
optim
iz
e
the
final
design
.
T
he
rad
ia
ti
ng
e
leme
nt
has
two
ke
y
par
am
et
ers:
“U1
”
,
the
widt
h
of
t
he
H
-
s
ha
ped
slo
t'
s
rectang
le
w
hich
ca
n
fi
ne
-
t
un
e
t
he
op
e
r
at
ing
fr
e
quen
cy
and
“
Wf”,
the
width
of
the
fee
d
-
li
ne
w
hich
i
nf
l
ue
nces
t
he
ref
le
c
ti
on
c
oeffici
ent
an
d
ca
n
im
pr
ove
it
.
Eac
h
phy
sic
al
at
tribu
te
of
the
anten
na
is i
nd
e
pende
ntly
v
ari
ed,
with all
othe
r param
et
ers
bein
g kep
t
unc
hange
d.
3.1.
Th
e Ef
fec
t of
U
1,
th
e
W
idth Of
th
e
H
-
Shaped
Slot’s
Rectan
gle,
on
th
e
Return L
oss
The
widt
h
of
the
H
-
s
hap
e
d
slot'
s
rectang
l
e
(U1
)
is
op
ti
m
iz
ed
because
it
aff
ect
s
the
res
on
a
nce
fr
e
qu
e
ncy.
T
he
first
ste
p
i
n
ou
r
desi
gn
is
t
o
c
hoos
e
t
he
ap
pr
opriat
e
widt
h
U1
t
o
sta
rt w
it
h.
W
he
n
U1
in
creases
from
18
t
o
26
m
m
,
the
res
onance
f
re
qu
e
nc
y
will
be
sh
if
te
d
do
wn
to
a
lowe
r
fr
e
quen
cy
and
the
re
flect
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt
S
11
im
pr
oves.
A
s
sho
wn
in
Fig
ure
4,
the
bet
te
r
res
ult
was
ob
s
er
ved
w
he
n
the
value
of
U1
was
24
m
m
. Th
e c
orrespo
nd
i
ng
f
re
qu
e
ncy
value
was 916.
4
M
H
z.
Figure
4
.
Sim
ulate
d
retu
r
n
los
s
of the
pr
opose
d
a
nten
na wit
h vari
ou
s
U1
3.2.
Th
e Ef
fec
t of
th
e
Feed
-
li
ne Widt
h W
f on the
Re
tu
rn
Loss
Af
te
r
ch
oosin
g
the v
al
ue
of
U
1,
t
he
width
of the
H
-
s
hap
e
d
s
lot'
s
rectang
le
, it
is
now
feasib
le
to
stu
dy
the
eff
ect
of
Wf,
the
fe
ed
-
li
ne'
s
width,
on
the
ref
le
ct
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt.
Fi
g
ure
5
dem
on
s
trat
es
the
infl
ue
nce
of
Wf
on
t
he
ret
urn
loss
.
It
ca
n
be
cl
early
obser
ve
d
f
ro
m
t
he
sim
ulate
d
resu
lt
s
that
the
i
m
ped
ance
m
at
chin
g
i
m
pr
oves
a
nd
t
he
resona
nce
f
reque
ncy
was
sh
ifte
d
sli
ghtl
y
to
a
highe
r
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
with
i
nc
reasin
g
th
e
width
of
the
fee
d
-
li
ne
from
3
to
4.
4
m
m
.
Starti
ng
fr
om
W
f=
4.6
m
m
,
the
retu
r
n
los
s
decr
ease
.
T
he
refor
e
,
a
widt
h
of
4.2
m
m
is sele
ct
ed
as the
opti
m
u
m
v
al
ue
of
Wf
with a
retu
rn lo
ss of
-
45 at t
he reso
na
nt freq
ue
ncy of
916 M
Hz.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5134
-
5143
5138
Figure
5
.
Sim
ulate
d
retu
r
n
los
s
of the
pr
opose
d
a
nten
na wit
h vari
ou
s
Wf
4.
RESU
LT
S
AND DI
SCUS
S
ION
The
go
al
of
t
his
stud
y
i
s
to
de
sign
a
ne
w
ant
enn
a
with
c
ompact
an
d
lo
w
pro
file
struct
ur
e
for
ty
pical
UHF
-
RF
ID
ba
nd
s
with
a
good
ret
urn
loss
by
us
in
g
the
slots
te
chn
iq
ue.
The
pro
po
se
d
antenn
a
sim
ulati
on
s
wer
e
exac
uted
util
iz
ing
CST
Mi
c
ro
wa
ve
St
ud
i
o
a
nd
HF
S
S
el
ect
ro
m
agnet
ic
si
m
ulat
or
s.
The
fir
st
one
e
m
plo
ys
the
Finit
e
In
te
gr
at
io
n
Me
t
hod
(F
IM
)
.
The
seco
nd
one
is
base
d
on
the
Finit
e
Ele
m
ent
Me
thod
(F
E
M).
T
o
validat
e
the
co
ncep
t
propose
d
ab
ove,
an
a
nten
na
operati
ng
at
0.9
18
MHz
is
fabric
at
ed
on
a
1.6
m
m
FR
4
su
bst
rate
as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gur
e
6
.
4.1.
Ret
u
rn L
os
s
Fig
ure
6
sho
w
s
sim
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d
return
l
os
s
S11
a
s
a
functi
on
of
fr
e
que
ncy.
W
e
noti
ce
that
the
si
m
ulate
d
r
et
urn
loss
r
eac
hes
a
val
ue
of
-
45.
69
dB
at
916.6
M
Hz
wit
h
a
ba
ndwi
dth
of
43
M
Hz
ra
ng
i
ng
from
89
4
t
o
93
7
MHz
i
n
CST
,
w
hile
in
H
FS
S,
it
reac
hes
a
value
of
-
28.89
dB
with
a
ba
ndwidt
h
of
42
MHz
from
89
8
to 94
0
MHz
in
the
c
enter f
re
quenc
y
of
92
0
MHz
.
The
m
easur
ed
retu
rn
loss
at
ta
ins
a v
al
ue
of
-
17.
06
dB
at
918MHz
with
a
band
width
of
40
MHz
exten
ding
fro
m
88
9
to
939
MHz
co
ver
in
g
a
ty
pical
UH
F
RFI
D
bands
(
USA
B
a
nd
(
902
–
928M
Hz)
,
the
C
hi
nese
a
nd
T
haila
nd
ba
nd
(92
0
–
92
5MHz
),
a
nd
the
K
orea
a
nd
Ja
pa
n
band (
917
–
92
3.5MHz
)). T
hes
e v
al
ue
s ar
e
les
s tha
n
-
10
dB,
t
his r
e
flect
s the
anten
na
a
da
ptati
on
.
Accor
ding
to
t
his
res
ult,
m
ea
su
re
d
a
nd
sim
ulate
d
ret
urn
losses
a
re
in
good
a
gr
eem
ent.
The
sli
ght
diff
e
re
nces
bet
ween
t
hem
ar
e
du
e
to
t
he
eff
ect
of
SM
A
(Su
bMiniat
ur
e
ver
si
on
A
)
co
nn
ect
or
s
ol
der
in
g,
su
bst
rate
loss
e
s,
an
d
m
easur
e
m
ent
ci
rcu
m
st
ances.
The
m
e
asur
e
d
res
ult
justi
fies
a
nd
va
li
dates
the
sim
ulate
d
on
e
s a
nd the at
ta
ined
im
ped
an
ce ba
ndwidt
h o
f
the
prop
os
e
d anten
na
is
40
MHz (
889 t
o 9
39 MHz
).
Figure
6
.
Sim
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d retu
rn los
s of the
pr
opose
d
a
nten
na
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
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IS
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88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
ize
d Patc
h
A
nten
na
Desig
ne
d and M
anuf
acture
d Usin
g Slot
'
s
Tech
nique
…
(
Youn
es
El
Ha
c
himi
)
5139
4.2.
Vo
l
tage
Stand
ing W
ave
Rati
o (V
S
WR
) an
d In
p
ut
Impe
da
nce
(Z
in)
To
st
ud
y
how
well
the
a
ntenn
a
is
im
ped
ance
m
at
ched
to
t
he
ra
dio
or
t
ran
sm
issi
on
li
ne
it
i
s
connecte
d
to,
a
n
im
po
rtant
pa
ram
et
er
has
be
en
sim
ulate
d:
the
Vo
lt
age
Sta
nd
i
ng
W
a
ve
R
at
io
(
VSW
R
).
It
is
a
m
easur
e of ho
w
ef
fici
ently
r
adio
-
f
reque
ncy p
owe
r
is t
ran
s
m
itted f
r
om
a
powe
r
source
, t
hroug
h
a trans
m
issi
on
li
ne,
i
nto
a
l
oa
d.
Fi
g
ure
7
sho
ws
the
sim
ulate
d
V
S
W
R
of
our
a
nten
na.
It
is
le
ss
than
2
(
VSW
R
<
2)
over
t
he
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
rang
e
of
892
-
93
8
MHz
a
nd
reac
hes
a
va
lue
of
1.01
at
916.6
MHz
i
n
CS
T,
wh
il
e
,
in
HF
S
S,
it
ca
n
be
obser
ve
d
th
at
the
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
band
ra
nges
from
89
7
to
941
MHz
an
d
r
eaches
a
value
of
1.07
at
920
MH
z
wh
ic
h
dem
on
st
rates
that
the
a
nten
na
is
ada
pt
ed.
Anothe
r
pa
ram
et
er
can
prov
e
t
he
ada
pta
ti
on
of
the
a
nt
enn
a:
the
input
im
pe
dan
ce
.
It
is
cl
early
seen
from
Fig
ure
8
that
i
t
is
equ
al
to
Zin
=
(
49.59+
0.
31j)
Ω
at
916.6
MHz
resona
nt freq
ue
ncy in C
ST a
nd equal t
o Zi
n = (
47.
23 +
2.1
2j)
Ω
at 9
20 M
Hz
in
HFSS
.
Figure
7
.
Sim
ulate
d
V
oltage
Stand
i
ng
W
a
ve
Rat
io
Figure
8
.
Sim
ulate
d
input i
m
ped
ance
of t
he p
rop
os
ed
an
te
nna (a) in C
ST a
nd
(b)
in
HFSS
4.3.
Radiat
i
on
Pa
t
tern
The
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
descr
i
be
s
how
the
a
ntenn
a
rad
ia
te
s
e
nergy
out
over
long
distances
in
diff
e
re
nt
sp
at
ia
l
directi
ons.
Fi
g
ure
9
re
pr
ese
nts
2D
ra
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
in
CST
and
H
FSS
in
the
tw
o
plans
E
(φ=0
)
and
H
(φ=9
0)
of
the
pr
op
os
e
d
ant
enn
a
at
the
s
ever
al
ty
pical
fr
eq
ue
ncies
(90
5MHz
-
915M
Hz
-
92
0MHz
).
I
t
is
bid
irect
io
nal in
the tw
o plan
s
for
the
th
ree fr
equ
e
ncy.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5134
-
5143
5140
905MHz
915MHz
920MHz
(a)
(
b)
Figure
9
.
G
ai
n patt
ern
s
at di
ffe
ren
t
res
on
a
nt
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
(905
-
915
-
920 M
Hz) i
n b
oth
E
-
and H
-
planes (
a) in
CST an
d (
b)
H
FSSS
In
order
to
c
om
ple
te
the
stud
y
of
the
pro
pose
d
anten
na,
a
cal
culat
ion
of
the
gai
n
va
riat
ion
over
t
he
op
e
rati
ng
f
requen
cy
band
is
perform
ed
through
the
far
fiel
d
by
us
in
g
the
two
sim
ulators
.
The
gr
a
ph
res
ults
i
n
Fig
ure
10
sho
w
that
the
pro
po
s
ed
a
nten
na
pro
vid
es
a
pea
k
ga
in
fluctuat
ed
betwee
n
1
dB
an
d
1.7
6
dB
from
894
to
937
M
HZ
in
CS
T,
w
hile,
in
H
FSS
i
t’s
ar
ound
1.5
4
dB
an
d
2.1
dB
from
89
8
to
940
MHz
.
T
he
values
of
1.7
3
dB
a
nd
2.06
dB
we
re
ob
se
r
ved
at
915M
Hz
i
n
CST
an
d
HFS
S
res
pecti
vely
.
This
res
ult
re
m
ai
ns
acce
ptable
for t
he
ef
fecti
ve fu
nctioni
ng of t
he
an
te
nna.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
ize
d Patc
h
A
nten
na
Desig
ne
d and M
anuf
acture
d Usin
g Slot
'
s
Tech
nique
…
(
Youn
es
El
Ha
c
himi
)
5141
Figure
10
. Pea
k gain
of the
pr
opos
e
an
te
nn
a
4.
4
.
C
ompari
s
on
In
ord
er
t
o
e
m
ph
asi
ze
the
i
m
po
rtance
of
m
iniat
ur
iz
at
ion
,
a
c
om
par
ison
be
twee
n
th
e
pro
pose
d
anten
na
with
so
m
e
oth
er
de
sign
e
d
ante
nnas
in
te
r
m
s
of
anten
na
siz
e,
return
loss
f
reque
ncy
band
,
and
corres
pondin
g gain a
re e
xhibi
te
d
in
Table
2,
resp
ect
ively
.
T
ab
le
2.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n t
he pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
a
nd an
t
enn
a
s in
[
23
-
25
]
An
ten
n
as
Di
m
en
sio
n
s (
m
m
3
)
Retu
rn lo
ss
(
d
B)
Frequ
en
cy
and
Ba
n
d
wid
th
(
MHz)
Gain
(
d
Bi)
[
2
7
]
1
0
7
×5
7
×
1
2
.8
-
1
7
.8
916
-
9
3
0
(
1
4
MHz)
1
.8 (92
5
MHz)
[
2
8
]
8
7
×8
7
×4
.5
7
2
-
19
888
–
9
2
3
(
3
5
MHz)
4
.55
(
9
1
1
Hz)
[
2
9
]
8
1
×5
8
×1
.6
-
16
905
–
9
3
0
(
2
5
MHz)
2
.96
(
9
1
5
MHz)
Prop
o
sed
anten
n
a
6
8
×6
6
×1
.6
-
17
889
-
9
3
9
(
4
0
MHz)
1
.73
(
9
1
5
MHz)
The
com
par
at
ive
ta
ble
sh
ows
that
the
di
m
e
ns
io
ns
of
the
pro
posed
slott
e
d
anten
na
are
sm
a
ll
er
than
the
oth
e
r
ones
wh
ic
h
m
ean
that
ou
r
a
nten
na
has
the
la
rgest
com
pactness
with
res
pect
to
conven
ti
on
al
RFID
UHF
a
nten
na
dim
ension
.
I
n
f
act
,
the
res
ults
sh
ows
that
t
h
e
return
loss
is
a
l
m
os
t
si
m
il
ar
t
o
th
e
oth
e
r
a
ntenn
a
s
.
Our
anten
na
al
so
offe
rs
the
be
tt
er
i
m
ped
anc
e
bandw
i
dth
c
om
par
ed
to
the
oth
ers
.
Eve
n
thou
gh
it
has
th
e
s
m
al
l
gain,
due
t
o
t
he
siz
e,
it
r
e
m
ai
ns
a
good
gain
an
d
acc
eptable
for
R
FI
D
U
HF
ap
pl
ic
at
ion
s.
T
he
p
r
opos
e
d
anten
na
in
this
inv
est
igati
on
is
si
m
ply
fab
ri
cat
ed
us
in
g
th
e
low
-
c
os
t
FR4
substrat
e
with
a
com
pact
si
ze,
a
good
i
m
ped
a
nc
e
bandw
i
dth
and
a
go
od
gai
n.
It
can
be
ea
sil
y
integrated
with
oth
e
r
de
vi
ces
and
it
is
s
uitable
for
RF
ID U
HF ha
nd
li
ng a
ppli
cat
ion
s.
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
w
ork,
a
new
c
om
pact
anten
na
with
re
ct
angular
sl
ots
for
U
HF
RFI
D
hand
held
rea
de
r
has
bee
n
pro
po
se
d,
c
ons
tructed
,
an
d
te
ste
d.
T
he
slot
t
echn
i
qu
e
al
lo
wed
us
to
ha
ve
a
m
iniat
ur
e
patch
a
nten
na
that
can
op
e
rate
in
the
UHF
RFI
D
ba
nd.
The
a
nten
na
con
fi
gurati
on
,
con
ce
ptio
n,
si
m
ula
te
d
and
m
easur
e
d
res
ults
hav
e
been
well
ar
gue.
Ba
sed
on
t
he
se
res
ults,
the
pro
po
se
d
a
ntenn
a
has
a
n
op
e
rati
ng
fr
e
quenc
y
band
ra
ngin
g
from
889
t
o
939
M
Hz
with
a
ba
ndwi
dth
of
40M
Hz
a
nd
has
a
good
perf
or
m
ance
in
the
ta
rge
te
d
RF
ID
U
HF
bands
(U
S
A
ba
nd,
Chinese
ba
nd
an
d
K
orea
a
nd
Japa
n
ba
nds)
.
T
he
gr
a
dual
intr
oducti
on
of
slots
br
ing
s
a
n
enh
a
ncem
ent
of
anten
na
feat
ure
an
d
al
lows
reducin
g
he
r
siz
e.
The
ad
va
ntage
of
our
ant
enn
a
li
es
in
th
e
fact
that
it
is
co
m
pact
and
has
a
low
p
r
of
il
e.
Hi
s
siz
e
is
red
uc
ed
ab
ou
t
60%
com
par
ed
with
conven
ti
onal
RFID
UHF
a
nten
na.
This
a
nten
na
ha
s
a
c
om
pact
siz
e
(68×
66
×
1.6
m
m
3)
,
lo
w
c
os
t
a
nd
can
be
easi
ly
fab
ricat
e
d
a
nd
integrate
d
with
oth
e
r
de
vices.
Sim
ulate
d
an
d
e
xp
e
rim
ental
res
ults
in
dicat
e
that
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
c
ou
l
d
la
y hands
on it
s appli
cat
ion
i
n m
ob
il
e U
HF
RFID rea
der s
yst
e
m
s.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
F.
Pare
des,
G.
Z
amora,
S.
Zuff
a
nel
li,
J.H
.
Mart
i
nez
,
F.
Mar
ti
n
a
nd
J.
Bona
che
,
"
Free
-
spac
e
and
on
m
et
al
du
al
b
a
nd
ta
g
for
UH
F
-
RF
ID
appl
i
ca
t
ions
in
Europ
e
and
US
A"
,
Progress
In
Elec
tromagnetics
Re
search
,
vol
141,
pp.
577
–
590,
2013
.
[2]
W
.
Ziy
ang
,
L
.
Ji
nhai
,
L. Hui
and
Y.
Ying
-
Ze
ng
,
"
A UHF
RF
I
D A
nte
nna
Us
ing
Do
uble
-
Tu
n
ed
Im
peda
nc
e
Mat
chi
n
g
for
Bandwidt
h
E
nhanc
ement"
,
Progress
In
Elec
tr
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
Letters
,
vol
70,
pp.
59
–
66,
2
017.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
87
08
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
5134
-
5143
5142
[3]
I.
T
aba
kh
,
M.
Jorio,
N.
E
l
Am
ran
i
El
Idr
issi
an
d
T.
Maz
ri
,
"D
e
sign
and
Optimi
za
t
ion
of
a
Ne
w
Slott
ed
Pa
tch
Antenna
for
R
FID
Applic
at
i
o
ns"
,
Inte
rnatio
nal
Journal
o
n
Comm
unic
ations
Ant
enna
a
nd
Propagati
o
n
(
I.
Re
.
C.
A.P.
)
,
vo
l
6,
Iss
ue
1
,
Febr
uar
y
2016.
[4]
D.
Pare
t
,
RF
ID
e
n
ult
r
a et
supe
r
h
aut
es
fr
éque
n
ce
s
UH
F
-
SHF T
héo
rie
et m
ise
en
œuvre,
Co
llection
Dunod 2008.
[5]
B.
Carbun
ar,
M.
K.
Ramanat
h
an,
M.
Ko
y
uturk,
C.
Hoffm
ann
an
d
A.
Gram
a,
"Redunda
nt
-
R
ea
de
r
El
imin
at
ion
i
n
RF
ID
Sy
stems
",
2005
Sec
ond
Annual
IE
EE
Comm
unic
ati
o
ns
Soci
ety
Con
fe
renc
e
on
Sen
sor
and
Ad
H
oc
Comm
unic
ati
ons and
Ne
tworks,
I
EE
E
SECON
,
Se
pte
m
ber
2005
,
p
p.
176
-
184
.
[6]
S.
Neha
and
K.
Vijay
,
"M
ic
rostr
ip
Patc
h
Antenn
a
with
cro
ss
-
slot
for
UH
F
RF
ID
Handhe
ld
R
ea
de
r
Applicati
ons"
,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
&
El
ec
tronic
s
Engi
n
e
ering
(
IJE
EE
)
,
vo
l
1
,
Iss
ue
4,
pp.
30
-
33
Augus
t
2014.
[7]
Z.
Ha
ife
ng
and
L.
Xi
ao
y
an
,
"A
nte
nna
ci
r
cuit
d
esign
and
sim
ul
at
ion
for
th
e
r
eader
of
125
kHz
RF
ID"
,
Int.
Con
f.
Computer
Scien
ce
and
Serv
ice
S
yste
m,
N
anj
ing
,
pp.
507
–
510
,
20
12.
[8]
J.
Numm
el
a,
L.
Ukkonen,
L.
Sy
danh
ei
m
o,
M.
Kivikoski,
"13.5
6
MH
z
R
FID
a
nte
nna
for
ce
l
l
phone
int
egr
at
e
d
rea
der
"
,
I
EE
E
A
nte
nnas and Propagation
So
ci
e
ty Int
.
Symp
,
pp
.
1
088
–
1091,
2007
.
[9]
S.
Neha
,
A.K.
Gauta
m
and
B.
K.
kana
u
jia,
"Circ
ula
r
l
y
polarize
d
squar
e
sl
ot
m
ic
rostrip
a
nte
nna
for
RF
I
D
appl
i
ca
t
ions",
In
te
rnational
Jour
nal
of
Mic
rowav
e
and
W
ireless
Technol
og
ie
s
,
pp.
1
of
6
.
[10]
L.
B
err
i
ch
and
L.
Ze
nkou
ar,
"
Micror
uban
Dip
ole
Ant
enna
f
or
RF
ID
Applic
a
t
ions
at
2.
45
G
Hz",
Int
ernati
on
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t
rical
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ual
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te
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a
y
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li
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n
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bl
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c
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urnal
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ic
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a
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F
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I
D
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gs:
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turiza
ti
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rnationa
l
Journal
of
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ec
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cal
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at
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y
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atus
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ang,
"A
Com
pac
t
Anten
na
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HF
R
FID
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ca
t
ions",
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ec
tromagnetics
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sis
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I
-
Slott
ed
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t
angul
ar
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rostrip
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h
Antenna
for
W
ire
les
s
Applic
ation"
,
Inte
rnational
Jo
urnal
of El
e
ct
ri
c
al
and
Comput
er
Engi
n
ee
ring
(
IJE
CE)
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t
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pac
t
m
ulti
fre
qu
ency
strip
loa
d
e
d
m
ic
rostrip
pat
ch
ant
enna
with
spur
-
li
nes",
Inte
rn
ati
onal
Journal
of
Mic
rowave
a
nd
Wirel
ess
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ogie
s
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Z.
N.
,
Ant
enna
s for
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le
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ice
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W
il
e
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td,
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est
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ar.
D,
Biswas.
S,
Sarka
r.
P.P,
Gupta.
B,
Yasu
m
oto.
K,
"Reduc
ed
size
sm
al
l
dual
and
m
ult
i
-
fre
quency
Micro
strip
an
te
nna"
,
Mic
row.
Opt
.
Te
chnol
.
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H.
W
u,
F
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W
e
i,
X.W.
Shi,
and
W
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T.
Li.,
“
A
c
om
pac
t
quad
ba
nd
-
notc
hed
UW
B
m
onopole
an
t
enna
loa
ded
one
la
t
era
l
l
-
shap
ed
s
lot
”
,
Progress
in
Elec
tromagnet
i
cs
Re
search
,
vo
l
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15,
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Ferc
hic
h
i,
a
nd
A.
Gharsal
lah.
“
A
Circ
uit
Model
to
an
E
ncoc
he
Cop
la
na
r
Antenna
for
a
Radi
o
Frequ
e
n
c
y
Ide
nti
f
ic
a
ti
on”
,
I
nte
rnational
Jou
rnal
of El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
and
Comput
er
Engi
ne
ering
(
IJ
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), 2013, pp.
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M.
Iha
m
ji
,
E.
Abdelmounim
,
H.
Benni
s,
M.
Hefna
wi,
and
M.
La
tr
ac
h
,
“
Design
of
Com
pac
t
Tr
i
-
Band
Fra
ct
a
l
Antenna
for
RF
I
D
Rea
der
s”
,
Inter
nati
onal
Journ
al
of
Elec
tric
al
and
Computer
Engi
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E.
Ahm
ed,
and
E.
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ce
r
,
“
Minia
turiza
ti
on
of
a
print
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d
ip
ole
antenna
usin
g
m
et
amate
ri
al
s
for
RF
ID
U
HF
te
chno
log
y
"
,
20
18
IEE
E
Int
ernati
on
al
Conf
ere
nce
on
Ad
vanc
e
d
Comm
unic
ation
Technol
ogie
s
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Net
workin
g
(
Com
mNet)
,
17
Ma
y
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Marr
ake
ch
,
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co.
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hi
chi
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la
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“
A
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al
l
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nski
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enna
s”.
Inte
rnat
ional
Journal
o
f
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tri
cal
a
n
d
Computer
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n
ee
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p
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[25]
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W
.
S
and
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Ku,
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rej
e
ct
ed
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ed
o
pen
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enn
a
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LA
N/W
iMAX
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at
ion",
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E
Tr
ans.
Antennas P
ropag
.
,
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–
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[26]
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uri,
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th
enha
n
ce
m
ent
of
m
ic
rostrip
l
i
ne
and
cpw
-
fe
d
as
y
m
m
et
rical
slot
an
te
nnas",
Pro
gress
In
El
e
ct
ro
magneti
cs
Re
sea
rch
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–
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,
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012.
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Le
rtsakwima
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Phongchar
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n
ic
h
an
d
T.
Fukus
ako,
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ula
rl
y
Polarize
d
Low
-
Profile
Antenn
a
for
Radi
ating
Para
llel
to
Ground
Plane
for
RF
ID
Rea
der
Appl
ic
a
t
ions",
Inte
rnati
onal
Journal
of
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on
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cul
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l
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Arrow
hea
d
-
Shape
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ed
Mic
rostrip
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E
Antennas
and
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on
Le
tt
er
s
,
vol
13
,
2014
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[29]
Bing
W
ang,
"A
Com
pac
t
Anten
na
Design
for
U
HF
R
FID
Appli
ca
t
ions",
Progress
In
El
ec
tromagnetics
Re
searc
h
Lett
ers
,
vo
l
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,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
& C
om
p
Eng
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
A Miniat
ur
ize
d Patc
h
A
nten
na
Desig
ne
d and M
anuf
acture
d Usin
g Slot
'
s
Tech
nique
…
(
Youn
es
El
Ha
c
himi
)
5143
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Younes
El
Hac
himi
was
born
in
1990.
He
re
c
ei
ved
the
m
ast
e
r
degr
e
e
in
Aut
om
at
ic
,
Signal
proc
essing,
Indu
stria
l
Com
puti
n
g
from
Univer
sity
Hass
an
first
,
Settat,
Moroc
co,
i
n
2014.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
a
PhD
student
in
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
In
dustria
l
Mana
g
ement
and
Inn
ovat
i
on
rese
arch
La
bora
tor
y
,
Fa
c
ulty
of
Scie
n
ces
&
Te
chnol
og
y
,
H
assan
first
Univer
sit
y
,
wi
th
a
the
sis
on
Contri
buti
on
to
t
he
design
of
RF
ID
ant
enna
s.
Hi
s
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
inc
lude
an
te
n
nas,
UH
F
and
m
ic
rowave
r
adi
o
fre
quency
id
ent
i
fic
a
ti
on
(RFID
).
Yass
ine
Gm
ih
w
as
born
in
1991.
He
rec
e
ive
d
th
e
m
aste
r
degr
ee
in
Autom
at
ic
,
Sig
nal
proc
essing,
Industria
l
Com
puti
ng
from
Univ
ersity
H
asn
first,
Sett
a
t,
Morocc
o,
in
2014.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
a
PhD
student
in E
ngine
er
ing,
Indu
stria
l
Man
age
m
e
nt
and
Inno
vatio
n
rese
ar
ch
L
abor
at
or
y
,
Facult
y
of
Scie
nc
es
&
T
ec
hnolog
y
,
Hass
an
first
Univ
ersity
,
with a
th
esis
on
Contri
buti
on
t
o
the
d
esign
of
RF
ID
ant
enna
s.
His
rese
arc
h
in
te
rests
inc
lud
e
a
nte
nnas,
UH
F
a
nd
m
ic
rowave
r
adi
ofre
qu
ency
ide
nti
f
icati
on
(R
FID
)
.
El
Mos
ta
fa
Ma
kroum
i
s
Profess
or
in
the
fa
c
ulty
of
th
e
sci
e
nce
s
and
techn
olog
y
of
Settat,
Morocc
o.
He
r
e
ce
iv
ed
his
M.S.
degr
ee
in
2007
f
rom
the
Mohammadia
School
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Univer
sit
y
Moham
m
ed
V,
Raba
t,
Moroc
co.
H
e
recei
ved
h
is
Ph.D.
degr
e
e
in
Com
pute
rs
and
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
at
ions
from
the
Hi
gher
Nati
ona
l
School
of
El
e
ct
r
icit
y
and
Mec
h
anics,
Univer
si
t
y
Hass
an
II,
C
asa
b
la
nc
a,
Moro
cc
o
.
His
cur
ren
t
rese
arc
h
concerns
R
FID
ant
enna
s,
pr
opaga
t
ion
and
EMC
proble
m
s
.
Abdelmaji
d
Far
chi
Ing
PhD
in
Elec
tron
is
and
Telec
om
m
unicati
ons
Chi
efs
of
rese
ar
ch
te
am
Signal
s
and
S
y
stems
in
La
bora
tor
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Industri
al
Mana
gement
a
nd
Innova
ti
on.
Educ
a
ti
ona
l
per
son
responsible
of
the
c
y
cle
engi
ne
er
Telec
o
m
m
unic
at
ions
and
Embedde
d
S
y
stems
to the
f
ac
ul
t
y
of
the sci
e
n
ce
s a
nd
t
ec
hnol
og
y
of
Set
ta
t
,
M
oroc
co.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.