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t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
s
o
lel
y
ad
ap
tiv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
m
a
y
b
e,
m
u
l
ti
m
ed
ia
s
y
s
te
m
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
clea
r
to
a
n
y
m
ac
k
p
r
o
to
co
l.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
as
th
i
s
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
ass
u
m
es
th
a
t
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
p
r
o
v
id
es
n
e
w
r
o
u
te
s
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
I
f
e
n
o
u
g
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
o
n
't
s
ee
m
to
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
th
e
e
v
er
-
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
Qo
S
ap
p
licatio
n
i
s
also
d
o
wn
g
r
ad
ed
to
b
ase
Qo
S
o
r
p
er
h
ap
s
to
b
est
-
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
er
v
ice.
As
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
u
s
es
i
n
-
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
o
n
'
t
s
ee
m
to
b
e
r
eser
v
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
e
g
i
n
s
.
T
h
en
ce
b
ad
g
e
is
n
'
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
p
er
io
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
t
h
at
h
av
e
ti
g
h
t
Qo
S
n
ec
es
s
ities
.
D
.
Dh
ar
m
ar
aj
u
,
et
a
l
[
5
]
h
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
NORA
t
h
at
'
s
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
i
n
s
i
g
n
ia
i
n
th
is
it
w
il
l
s
ea
r
c
h
m
u
ltip
le
m
et
h
o
d
s
w
i
th
les
s
er
Qo
S
g
u
ar
an
tees.
I
t
u
s
es
th
e
b
ad
g
e
i
n
-
b
a
n
d
s
i
g
n
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
.
Sin
ce
n
o
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
ea
u
n
i
t
r
eser
v
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
e
g
i
n
s
a
n
d
s
i
n
ce
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ac
k
et
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
as
b
est
-
e
f
f
o
r
t
p
ac
k
ets
j
u
s
t
in
ca
s
e
o
f
ad
m
is
s
io
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m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
f
ail
u
r
e
at
th
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in
ter
m
ed
iate
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o
d
es,
th
i
s
m
o
d
el
m
i
g
h
t n
o
t b
e
ap
p
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p
r
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o
r
ap
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t
h
at
n
ee
d
lab
o
r
io
u
s
s
er
v
ice
g
u
a
r
an
tees.
H.
Ah
n
et
al
[
6
]
h
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SW
A
N
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
a
b
est
-
e
f
f
o
r
t
m
ac
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
n
o
t
cr
ea
tin
g
an
y
r
eso
u
r
c
e
r
eser
v
atio
n
.
I
t
u
s
es
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ased
m
o
s
tl
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
at
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
co
n
g
esti
o
n
with
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
As
b
est
-
ef
f
o
r
t
tr
af
f
ic
is
a
b
u
f
f
er
zo
n
e
f
o
r
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic,
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
d
o
esn
'
t
w
o
r
k
w
ell
in
e
v
e
n
t
u
alitie
s
w
h
er
ev
er
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
is
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
in
n
at
u
r
e.
E
v
e
n
i
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
i
s
cli
m
b
ab
le
(
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
d
o
n
't
m
ai
n
tai
n
an
y
p
er
f
lo
w
o
r
m
ix
t
u
r
e
s
tate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
g
iv
e
lab
o
r
io
u
s
Qo
S
g
u
ar
a
n
tees
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
lack
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
eser
v
atio
n
at
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es.
AN
ad
m
i
tted
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
f
lo
w
m
ig
h
t e
n
co
u
n
ter
p
er
io
d
ic
v
io
latio
n
s
in
it
s
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
n
ec
e
s
s
itie
s
.
V.
Viv
e
k
,
et
al
[
7
]
h
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
R
T
MA
C
th
a
t
'
s
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
h
ig
h
er
p
er
io
d
o
f
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
r
ep
air
d
if
f
e
r
en
tiatio
n
i
n
h
ig
h
q
u
al
it
y
A
W
Ns
r
e
m
i
n
is
ce
n
t
o
f
m
i
litar
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
f
a
s
h
io
n
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
co
m
b
at
v
e
h
icles,
f
leet
o
f
s
h
ip
s
,
f
leet
o
f
air
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cr
a
f
ts
w
h
er
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er
t
h
e
f
ac
il
it
y
r
eso
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r
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is
n
'
t
a
s
er
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s
co
n
ce
r
n
.
I
n
A
W
Ns,
f
a
s
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io
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e
d
b
y
lo
w
p
o
w
er
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n
d
r
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c
e
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f
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ted
h
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d
-
h
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d
ev
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s
,
h
a
v
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g
ass
o
ciate
d
eg
r
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o
th
er
ch
an
n
el
m
i
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h
t n
o
t
b
e
an
ec
o
n
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icall
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a
n
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er
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n
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is
ti
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Qo
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f
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k
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th
er
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i
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o
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it
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ec
h
a
n
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m
p
r
o
v
id
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w
h
ile
Secu
r
it
y
is
a
cr
itica
l
asp
ec
t
f
o
r
Qo
S
in
t
h
e
M
A
NE
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
C
r
o
s
s
la
y
er
Q
o
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ten
d
to
b
e
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
h
r
ea
ts
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n
d
attac
k
s
li
k
e,
o
v
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/u
n
d
er
-
r
ep
o
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tin
g
o
f
av
ailab
le
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
o
v
er
-
r
e
s
e
r
v
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n
,
s
tate
tab
le
s
tar
v
atio
n
,
Qo
S
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
in
f
o
r
m
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n
d
is
c
lo
s
u
r
e,
th
e
f
t
o
f
s
er
v
ices
ti
m
i
n
g
attac
k
,
f
lo
o
d
in
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attac
k
,
r
ep
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attac
k
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an
d
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o
f
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(
Do
S)
attac
k
,
attac
k
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in
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m
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n
tr
a
n
s
it
an
d
attac
k
s
ag
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s
t
r
o
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ti
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g
.
So
it
is
n
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es
s
ar
y
w
h
e
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
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o
r
Qo
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r
am
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w
o
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k
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th
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o
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Qo
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s
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p
r
esen
t a
s
o
n
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
ficien
t c
r
o
s
s
la
ye
r
(
S
P
C
L)
Qo
S
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
mo
b
ile
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
a
n
t
o
s
h
S
a
h
u
)
2605
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
E
m
p
ir
ical
o
r
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
i
s
-
te
s
ti
n
g
r
esear
c
h
d
esi
g
n
(
g
en
er
al
l
y
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
esear
ch
d
esi
g
n
)
is
u
s
ed
i
n
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esear
c
h
d
esi
g
n
ar
e
t
w
o
t
y
p
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I
n
f
o
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m
al
ex
p
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i
m
en
tal
d
esi
g
n
s
a
n
d
Fo
r
m
al
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
d
esig
n
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
w
e
u
s
ed
I
n
f
o
r
m
al
ex
p
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i
m
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tal
d
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n
s
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I
n
f
o
r
m
al
e
x
p
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m
e
n
ta
l
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
clas
s
i
f
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i
n
to
t
h
r
ee
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
(
i)
B
e
f
o
r
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-
an
d
-
a
f
ter
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
n
tr
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l
d
es
ig
n
.
(
ii)
Af
ter
-
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
co
n
tr
o
l d
esi
g
n
.
(
iii)
B
ef
o
r
e
-
an
d
-
a
f
ter
w
ith
co
n
tr
o
l d
esig
n
.
W
e
u
s
ed
B
ef
o
r
e
-
a
n
d
-
a
f
ter
w
it
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co
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tr
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l d
esi
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n
.
I
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r
esear
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p
r
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u
r
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b
o
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alg
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
p
s
eu
d
o
co
d
e
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
2
.
1
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
SPCL
Q
o
S f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
SP
C
L
i
s
a
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
p
r
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f
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t
cr
o
s
s
-
la
y
er
Qo
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f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
icien
t
cr
o
s
s
la
y
er
(
SP
C
L
)
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
ic
h
p
r
ev
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
t
h
r
ea
ts
a
n
d
attac
k
s
.
In
S
P
C
L
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
e
d
esig
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
Neig
h
b
o
u
r
No
d
e
S
u
r
v
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lan
c
e
R
ea
l
T
i
m
e
M
AC
(
NNSR
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-
M
AC
)
p
r
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to
co
l
at
MA
C
la
y
er
;
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y
n
a
m
ic
Sec
u
r
e
R
o
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t
in
g
(
DS
R
)
at
r
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ti
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g
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er
,
SP
C
L
I
n
-
b
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n
ali
n
g
f
o
r
Qo
S
S
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n
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m
.
A
co
m
p
lete
la
y
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e
d
d
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r
am
o
f
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
SP
CL
cr
o
s
s
-
l
a
y
er
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
Deta
il
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
ea
ch
la
y
er
is
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
C
L
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
2
.
1
.
1
.
Secure
re
a
l t
i
m
e
M
AC
(
NNSRT
-
M
AC)
I
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Qo
S
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
SP
C
L
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NNSR
T
-
MA
C
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
e
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
R
ea
l
T
im
e
M
AC
[
8
]
.
I
n
NNS
R
T
-
MA
C
W
h
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
es
h
av
e
p
ac
k
ets
to
s
en
d
th
e
n
i
t
s
to
r
e
t
h
at
p
ac
k
e
t
i
n
b
u
f
f
er
an
d
s
en
d
it.
Af
ter
s
en
d
i
n
g
a
p
ac
k
et
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
w
aits
f
o
r
a
f
ix
ed
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
to
o
v
er
h
ea
r
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e.
W
h
en
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
at
p
ac
k
et
to
n
e
x
t
h
o
p
e
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
p
ac
k
e
t
to
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
ed
p
ac
k
et
i
f
p
ac
k
et
is
s
i
m
ilar
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
is
t
h
e
tr
u
s
ted
n
o
d
e
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
in
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le.
I
f
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
d
o
n
‘
t
o
v
er
h
ea
r
t
h
e
s
e
n
d
p
ac
k
e
t
w
it
h
in
f
i
x
ed
i
n
ter
v
al
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
b
lac
k
h
o
le
o
r
w
o
r
m
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
an
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
n
w
h
o
le
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
n
o
d
e
is
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e.
I
n
NN
SR
T
-
M
AC
W
h
en
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
es
h
a
v
e
p
ac
k
e
ts
to
s
e
n
d
th
e
n
it
s
to
r
e
th
at
p
ac
k
et
i
n
b
u
f
f
er
a
n
d
s
en
d
it.
Af
ter
s
e
n
d
in
g
a
p
ac
k
et
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
w
ait
s
f
o
r
a
f
ix
ed
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
al
to
o
v
er
h
ea
r
t
h
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e.
W
h
en
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
at
p
ac
k
et
to
n
ex
t h
o
p
e
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
b
u
f
f
e
r
ed
p
ac
k
et
i
f
p
ac
k
et
is
s
i
m
ilar
t
h
en
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
t
h
e
tr
u
s
ted
n
o
d
e
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
in
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le.
I
f
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
d
o
n
‘
t
o
v
er
h
ea
r
th
e
s
en
d
p
ac
k
et
w
it
h
in
f
i
x
ed
in
te
r
v
al
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
ass
u
m
e
th
at
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
b
lack
h
o
le
o
r
w
o
r
m
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
an
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
a
m
es
s
ag
e
i
n
w
h
o
le
n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
n
o
d
e
is
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e.
W
h
en
t
h
i
s
m
es
s
ag
e
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
e
t
h
e
y
u
p
d
ate
o
w
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le
a
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
A
n
d
i
f
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e
ch
a
n
g
e
o
r
alter
th
e
f
ield
o
f
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
s
th
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
p
ac
k
e
t
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
an
d
a
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
i
s
m
alicio
u
s
o
r
s
elf
i
s
h
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
a
m
es
s
ag
e
t
h
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
n
o
d
e
is
m
a
licio
u
s
o
r
s
elf
i
s
h
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
NNS
R
T
-
MA
C
s
y
s
te
m
w
e
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
at
tack
s
l
ik
e
b
lack
h
o
le
attac
k
,
w
o
r
m
h
o
le
att
ac
k
[
9
]
,
Dr
o
p
p
in
g
A
ttac
k
s
etc.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
0
3
-
2613
2606
C
o
n
s
id
er
a
s
it
u
atio
n
w
h
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
its
el
f
a
b
lack
h
o
le
o
r
m
alici
o
u
s
n
o
d
e
t
h
en
h
o
w
NN
SR
T
-
M
AC
s
y
s
te
m
is
w
o
r
k
ed
.
A
t
t
h
i
s
s
it
u
atio
n
i
f
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
is
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
th
en
it
n
e
v
er
s
e
n
d
o
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et.
I
f
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
is
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e
th
en
it
ca
n
s
en
d
s
f
al
s
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
n
ex
t
h
o
p
e
n
o
d
e.
T
h
is
is
th
e
li
m
ita
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NNSR
T
-
MA
C
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
is
r
e
m
o
v
ed
i
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
la
y
er
in
w
h
ic
h
w
e
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
ec
u
r
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
l w
h
ich
w
i
ll b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ec
tio
n
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
S
s
en
d
th
e
p
ac
k
et
to
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
n
o
d
e
A
an
d
w
ait
f
o
r
f
ix
ed
ti
m
e
in
ter
v
a
l.
Sin
ce
n
o
d
e
A
is
als
o
th
e
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
o
f
n
o
d
e
S
s
o
n
o
d
e
S
also
lis
ten
th
e
p
ac
k
et
th
at
ar
e
s
e
n
d
o
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
b
y
n
o
d
e
A
.
No
w
n
o
d
e
S
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
b
u
f
f
er
ed
p
ac
k
et
w
i
th
o
v
er
h
ea
r
in
g
p
ac
k
et
if
p
ac
k
et
is
s
i
m
ilar
th
en
n
o
d
e
S
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
i
n
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o
le
n
et
w
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at
n
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e
A
is
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u
s
ted
n
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e.
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f
n
o
d
e
A
n
o
t
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r
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d
s
th
e
p
ac
k
et
t
h
en
n
o
d
e
S
n
o
t
o
v
er
h
ea
r
th
e
p
ar
tic
u
lar
p
ac
k
et
w
it
h
i
n
f
i
x
ed
ti
m
e
i
n
ter
v
a
l.
T
h
en
n
o
d
e
S
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
m
es
s
ag
e
th
at
n
o
d
e
A
i
s
b
lack
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
o
r
w
o
r
m
h
o
le
n
o
d
e
.
An
d
i
f
n
o
d
e
A
al
ter
th
e
p
ac
k
et
t
h
en
f
o
r
w
ar
d
it
th
en
n
o
d
e
S
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
d
is
s
i
m
ilar
an
d
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
a
m
es
s
ag
e
t
h
at
No
d
e
A
i
s
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
s
elf
i
s
h
n
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
“
N
NSR
T
-
M
AC
”
2
.
1
.
2
.
Dy
na
m
ic
s
ec
ure
ro
utin
g
W
h
en
a
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
h
av
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
s
e
n
d
.
B
ef
o
r
e
ac
t
u
al
d
ata
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
tr
an
s
m
it
a
tr
ia
l
d
ata
p
ac
k
et.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
s
ec
u
r
e
r
o
u
tin
g
f
i
n
d
s
a
v
ailab
le
p
at
h
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
An
d
cr
ea
te
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le,
ad
d
tr
u
s
t
f
ie
ld
in
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le.
I
n
i
tialize
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
ze
r
o
.
A
f
ter
f
i
n
d
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g
t
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e
p
at
h
s
;
s
to
r
e
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
p
at
h
i
n
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
.
L
et
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
elec
t
p
i
(S
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D)
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
as
an
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
p
ath
to
s
e
n
d
in
g
T
R
I
A
L
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
e
t.
E
ac
h
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
th
at
r
ec
ei
v
e
T
R
I
AL
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
et
ch
ec
k
th
at
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
h
o
p
e
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
t
w
o
h
o
p
e
th
en
it
s
e
n
d
b
ac
k
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
to
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
o
f
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e.
I
f
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
o
f
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
T
R
I
A
L
_
A
C
K
th
e
n
ch
ec
k
th
at
T
R
I
AL
_
AC
K
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
i
s
f
r
o
m
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
p
i
‘
s
n
o
d
e
an
d
is
th
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
o
f
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
n
o
d
e.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
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as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
S f
ir
s
t se
n
d
a
T
R
I
A
L
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
et
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ef
f
icie
n
t
p
ath
S
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D.
No
w
w
h
en
n
o
d
e
B
r
ec
eiv
ed
T
R
I
A
L
_
D
A
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A
p
ac
k
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h
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it
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k
s
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n
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m
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o
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a
p
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ter
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t
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it
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d
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R
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AC
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o
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A.
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h
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K
r
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m
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at
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ec
to
r
p
i
‘
s
n
o
d
e
an
d
is
f
r
o
m
n
o
d
e
B.
T
h
en
n
o
d
e
S
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
th
at
n
o
d
e
A
is
a
tr
u
s
ted
n
o
d
e
o
r
an
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
n
o
d
e.
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
ei
v
ed
f
lo
o
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
a
lu
e
b
y
o
n
e
in
r
o
u
ti
n
g
t
ab
le
o
f
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
I
f
No
d
e
S
r
ec
ei
v
ed
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
f
r
o
m
a
n
o
th
er
n
o
d
e
th
en
n
o
d
e
S
ass
u
m
es
t
h
a
t
n
o
d
e
A
is
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
s
elf
is
h
n
o
d
e
an
d
f
lo
o
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
t
h
at
n
o
d
e
A
is
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
u
n
au
t
h
o
r
i
ze
d
n
o
d
e.
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
eiv
e
f
lo
o
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
o
n
e
in
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
I
f
n
o
d
e
S
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ec
ei
v
e
a
n
y
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
w
it
h
i
n
ti
m
e
in
te
r
v
al
th
e
n
n
o
d
e
S a
s
s
u
m
e
s
th
at
n
o
d
e
A
is
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
u
n
au
t
h
o
r
ized
n
o
d
e.
A
ll
n
o
d
es
th
at
r
ec
eiv
e
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
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e
b
y
o
n
e
i
n
r
o
u
t
in
g
tab
le
at
co
r
r
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o
n
d
in
g
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e.
Fo
r
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SPCL In
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Sig
na
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Sy
s
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m
SP
C
L
I
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b
an
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SP
C
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m
is
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io
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co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
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le
,
SP
C
L
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v
a
tio
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m
o
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an
d
P
ac
k
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Sch
ed
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li
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Mo
d
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a.
SP
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d
m
is
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l M
o
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SP
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a
n
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ic.
A
cc
o
r
d
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h
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s
o
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r
ce
tr
af
f
ic
is
clas
s
if
ied
in
to
t
w
o
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te
g
o
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ies
lo
ca
l
g
e
n
er
ated
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
ca
r
r
y
f
o
r
w
ar
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ed
tr
af
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ic.
Ag
ai
n
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic
i
s
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
’
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est
ef
f
o
r
t
tr
a
f
f
ic
a
n
d
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
I
f
tr
a
f
f
ic
i
s
lo
ca
ll
y
g
en
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ated
a
n
d
b
est
ef
f
o
r
t
t
h
en
SP
C
L
ad
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
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ch
ed
u
li
n
g
m
o
d
u
le.
I
f
lo
ca
l g
e
n
er
ated
tr
a
f
f
ic
i
s
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
th
e
n
SP
C
L
ad
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
ca
lls
t
h
e
SP
C
L
r
eser
v
at
io
n
m
o
d
u
le
to
r
ese
r
v
e
th
e
p
ath
.
I
f
p
ath
is
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
t
h
e
n
SP
C
L
ad
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
t
h
e
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
l
in
g
m
o
d
u
le.
I
f
p
ath
i
s
f
r
ee
t
h
e
n
it t
r
an
s
m
its
t
h
e
r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
t
o
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ed
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t r
es
er
v
ed
p
ath
.
I
f
tr
af
f
ic
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
n
o
d
e
is
b
est
e
f
f
o
r
t
th
e
n
SP
C
L
ad
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
f
ir
s
t
c
h
ec
k
s
t
h
at
w
h
at
is
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
if
d
esti
n
atio
n
is
h
i
m
s
elf
t
h
en
it
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
s
.
Up
p
er
la
y
er
s
ta
k
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata
p
ac
k
et.
I
f
d
esti
n
atio
n
is
a
n
o
th
er
n
o
d
e
th
en
it
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
li
n
g
m
o
d
u
le.
I
f
tr
a
f
f
ic
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
e
is
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic;
it
f
o
llo
w
s
t
h
e
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
p
ath
th
a
t
w
as
r
eser
v
ed
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
o
f
r
e
al
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
t
h
en
SP
C
L
ad
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
n
ex
t
h
o
p
e
n
o
d
e.
I
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
n
o
d
e
is
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
th
e
n
it
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
to
th
e
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
s
.
Up
p
er
lay
er
s
ta
k
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
b.
SP
C
L
R
eser
v
a
tio
n
m
o
d
u
le
SP
C
L
r
e
s
er
v
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
to
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
p
at
h
i
n
s
ec
u
r
ed
m
an
n
er
.
T
o
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
p
ath
SP
C
L
r
eser
v
a
tio
n
m
o
d
u
le
s
e
n
d
s
th
e
M
A
X_
B
W
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
to
ea
ch
tr
u
s
ted
a
v
ailab
le
p
ath
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
es
o
f
tr
u
s
ted
a
v
ailab
le
p
at
h
m
en
t
io
n
o
w
n
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
v
ailab
le
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
in
t
h
e
M
AX_
B
W
m
es
s
ag
e
n
o
w
d
e
s
ti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
s
en
d
b
ac
k
AV
A
I
L
_
B
W
m
e
s
s
ag
e
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
o
f
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
No
w
SP
C
L
r
eser
v
atio
n
m
o
d
u
le
ca
l
cu
late
t
h
e
MI
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B
W
o
f
ea
c
h
av
ailab
le
p
at
h
.
Fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le
P
ath
P
1
MI
N_
B
W
=
MI
N
[
MA
X_
B
W
o
f
N
1
,
M
AX_
B
W
o
f
N
2,
…….
M
AX_
B
W
o
f
N
i,
…]
No
w
s
e
n
d
R
E
SE
R
V
A
T
I
ON
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
o
n
th
at
p
ath
w
h
ic
h
s
ati
s
f
ies
t
h
e
d
esire
d
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
r
ea
l
tim
e
tr
af
f
ic.
No
d
es
th
a
t
r
ec
eiv
e
d
R
E
SERV
A
T
I
ON
m
es
s
ag
e
c
h
an
g
e
o
w
n
s
tat
u
s
f
r
o
m
id
le
to
r
eser
v
e.
I
f
s
o
m
e
n
o
d
e
d
en
y
th
e
R
E
SERV
A
T
I
ON
th
en
it
f
o
llo
w
t
h
e
an
o
th
er
p
at
h
.
I
f
n
o
p
a
th
is
a
v
a
ilab
le
f
o
r
r
eser
v
at
io
n
t
h
e
n
it
wait
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ti
m
e
p
er
io
d
af
ter
t
h
at
it
r
etr
y
to
r
eser
v
e
th
e
p
at
h
.
A
f
ter
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
r
eser
v
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
cr
ea
te
r
eser
v
atio
n
tab
le.
No
w
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Mo
d
u
le
tr
an
s
m
its
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
u
s
i
n
g
r
eser
v
ed
p
a
th
.
T
h
e
r
eser
v
e
p
ath
m
a
y
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
o
r
n
o
t
b
u
t
it
i
s
s
ec
u
r
ed
.
c.
SP
C
L
P
ac
k
et
Sc
h
ed
u
lin
g
m
o
d
u
le
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
m
o
d
u
le
is
u
s
ed
m
ain
l
y
f
o
r
b
est
ef
f
o
r
t
tr
af
f
ic.
I
t
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
a
q
u
eu
e
f
o
r
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
m
o
d
u
le
as
s
ig
n
th
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
tr
a
f
f
ics
lik
e
g
iv
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
io
r
ity
to
lo
ca
l
r
ea
l
t
i
m
e
tr
af
f
ic
,
t
w
o
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
o
u
ts
id
e
r
e
al
ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic,
t
h
r
ee
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
lo
ca
l
b
est
e
f
f
o
r
t
tr
af
f
ic
,
f
o
u
r
p
r
io
r
ity
to
o
u
ts
id
e
b
est
ef
f
o
r
t
tr
af
f
ic
.
Af
ter
ass
ig
n
t
h
e
p
r
io
r
ity
u
s
e
“
p
r
io
r
it
y
b
ased
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
in
alg
o
r
ith
m
”
[
1
2
]
to
f
o
r
w
ar
d
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
ets o
r
r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
if
n
o
d
e
is
n
o
t r
eser
v
ed
.
I
f
n
o
d
e
is
r
eser
v
ed
th
e
n
w
ait
u
n
til
n
o
d
e
b
ec
o
m
e
f
r
ee
.
2
.
2
.
P
s
eudo
co
de
o
r
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
o
f
SPCL
Q
o
S f
ra
m
ew
o
r
k
2
.
2
.
1
.
Neig
hb
o
ur
no
de
s
urv
ei
lla
nce
re
a
l t
i
m
e
M
AC
(
NNSRT
-
M
AC)
Use
NNS
R
T
-
M
A
C
p
r
o
to
co
l a
t M
AC
la
y
er
.
a.
Sto
r
e
r
ec
en
tl
y
s
e
n
t
p
ac
k
ets
i
n
a
b
u
f
f
er
an
d
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
ea
c
h
o
v
er
h
ea
r
d
p
ac
k
et
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
in
th
e
b
u
f
f
er
to
s
ee
if
t
h
er
e
is
a
m
atc
h
.
I
f
y
es
; th
e
n
d
o
n
o
th
i
n
g
E
ls
e;
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
a
g
e
th
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e
is
s
el
f
i
s
h
n
o
d
e
o
r
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e
b.
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
ei
v
e
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
a
lu
e
b
y
o
n
e
i
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
c.
Af
ter
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
e
m
o
v
e
r
ec
e
n
tl
y
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
b
u
f
f
er
.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Dy
na
m
ic
s
ec
ure
ro
utin
g
(
DSR)
a.
L
et
as
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
So
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
S h
as tr
a
f
f
ic
to
s
en
d
b.
Firstl
y
s
o
u
r
ce
tr
an
s
m
it T
R
I
AL
_
DA
T
A
p
ac
k
et
b
e
f
o
r
e
ac
tu
al
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
th
e
d
est
in
atio
n
.
1.
No
w
T
R
I
AL
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
et
is
g
iv
e
n
to
“
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
m
o
d
u
le”.
2.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
r
o
u
ti
n
g
f
i
n
d
s
av
ailab
le
p
ath
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
An
d
cr
ea
te
r
o
u
tin
g
tab
le,
ad
d
tr
u
s
t
f
ield
in
r
o
u
t
in
g
tab
le.
I
n
itial
ize
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
b
y
ze
r
o
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
0
3
-
2613
2608
N
o
d
e
N
e
x
t
n
o
d
e
H
o
p
c
o
u
n
t
T
r
u
st
v
a
l
u
e
A
B
1
0
B
D
3
0
3.
Af
ter
f
in
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ath
s
s
to
r
e
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
p
at
h
in
p
at
h
v
ec
to
r
P
1
,
P
2
,
P
3
……….
p
n
lik
e
P
1
=
[
N
1,
N
2
,
N
3
……
N
i
…….
.
]
P
2
=
[
N
1,
N
2
,
N
3
……
N
i
…….
.
]
.
.
.
P
n
=
[
N
1,
N
2
,
N
3
……
N
i
………]
4.
L
et
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
elec
t p
i
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
as a
n
e
f
f
icien
t p
ath
to
s
en
d
i
n
g
T
R
I
AL
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
et.
5.
E
ac
h
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
th
a
t r
ec
eiv
e
T
R
I
AL
_
D
A
T
A
p
ac
k
et
c
h
ec
k
co
n
d
it
io
n
I
f
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
p
i
n
o
d
e
n
o
.
j
is
(
j>2
)
th
en
s
e
n
d
t
w
o
h
o
p
b
ac
k
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K.
6.
I
f
n
o
d
e
(
j
-
2
)
r
ec
eiv
es T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
t
h
en
c
h
ec
k
t
h
at
{
(
A
)
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
is
f
r
o
m
p
ath
v
ec
to
r
p
i
‘
s
n
o
d
e
n
o
j
o
r
n
o
t
(
B
)
I
f
y
es
; th
e
n
n
o
d
e
(
j
-
2
)
f
lo
o
d
m
ess
a
g
e
th
at
n
o
d
e
j
-
1
is
a
tr
u
s
te
d
n
o
d
e
o
r
an
au
th
o
r
ized
n
o
d
e.
(
C
)
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
eiv
e
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
tr
u
s
t
v
alu
e
b
y
o
n
e
i
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
tab
le
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
}
E
ls
e
{
(
A
)
No
d
e
(
j
-
2
)
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
t
h
at
n
o
d
e
j
-
1
is
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
n
o
d
e
(
B
)
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
ei
v
e
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
o
n
e
in
r
o
u
tin
g
ta
b
le
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
}
7.
I
f
n
o
d
e
(
j
-
2
)
d
o
es n
o
t r
ec
eiv
es
T
R
I
A
L
_
AC
K
t
h
en
(
A
)
No
d
e
(
j
-
2
)
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
t
h
at
n
o
d
e
j
-
1
is
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
e
o
r
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
n
o
d
e
(
B
)
A
ll
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
r
ec
ei
v
e
f
lo
o
d
m
es
s
ag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tr
u
s
t
v
al
u
e
b
y
o
n
e
in
r
o
u
tin
g
ta
b
le
at
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
d
e.
2
.
2
.
3
.
SPCL In
-
ba
nd
s
ig
na
li
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
SP
C
L
I
n
-
b
an
d
Si
g
n
alin
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
m
o
d
u
les;
SP
C
L
ad
m
is
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
u
le
,
SP
C
L
R
eser
v
a
tio
n
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
P
ac
k
et
Sch
ed
u
li
n
g
Mo
d
u
le.
a.
SPCL Ad
m
is
s
io
n Co
ntr
o
l M
o
du
le
1.
C
h
ec
k
s
t
h
at
i
s
tr
af
f
ic
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l g
en
er
ated
o
r
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
n
o
d
e.
2.
If
tr
af
f
ic
is
lo
ca
ll
y
g
e
n
er
ated
t
h
en
c
h
ec
k
s
t
h
at
Is
n
o
d
e
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
o
r
n
o
t
(
i)
I
f
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
t
h
en
r
ef
er
to
“
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
c
h
ed
u
lin
g
m
o
d
u
le”
(
ii)
I
f
n
o
; th
e
n
ch
ec
k
t
h
at
I
s
tr
af
f
ic
is
b
est e
f
f
o
r
t
o
r
r
ea
l tim
e
{
I
f
b
est ef
f
o
r
t t
h
en
{
(
a)
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le
”
s
elec
t sec
u
r
e
an
d
ef
f
ici
en
t p
ath
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata
p
ac
k
et.
}
I
f
tr
af
f
ic
i
s
R
ea
l ti
m
e
th
en
{
(
a)
R
ef
er
to
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le”
}
}
3.
I
f
tr
af
f
ic
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
n
o
d
e
th
en
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le”
ch
ec
k
s
t
h
at
(
i)
I
s
th
is
p
ac
k
et
is
o
w
n
o
r
n
o
t
I
f
y
e
s
; t
h
en
r
e
f
er
it to
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
s
.
Up
p
er
la
y
er
s
tak
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
tio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata
p
ac
k
et.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
ficien
t c
r
o
s
s
la
ye
r
(
S
P
C
L)
Qo
S
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
mo
b
ile
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
a
n
t
o
s
h
S
a
h
u
)
2609
(
ii)
I
f
n
o
; th
e
n
c
h
ec
k
t
h
at
I
s
tr
af
f
ic
i
s
b
est ef
f
o
r
t o
r
r
ea
l ti
m
e
{
(
A
)
I
f
b
est ef
f
o
r
t th
e
n
ch
ec
k
th
a
t
{
I
s
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
o
r
n
o
t
{
(
a)
I
f
y
e
s
; t
h
en
r
e
f
er
to
“
SP
C
L
p
ac
k
et
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
m
o
d
u
le”
(
b
)
I
f
n
o
; th
en
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
i
o
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le”
s
elec
t
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
t p
ath
to
s
e
n
d
d
ata
p
ac
k
et.
}
}
}
(
B
)
I
f
tr
af
f
ic
is
R
ea
l ti
m
e
th
e
n
c
h
e
ck
th
at
{
I
s
alr
ea
d
y
r
eser
v
ed
o
r
n
o
t
{
(
a)
I
f
y
es; t
h
en
d
e
n
y
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
o
r
r
eser
v
atio
n
(
b
)
I
f
n
o
; th
en
{
(
a)
R
ef
er
to
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le”
}
}
}
b.
SPCL Re
s
er
v
a
t
io
n M
o
du
le
1.
R
eser
v
e
th
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
tep
s
(
i)
Sen
d
M
A
X_
B
W
m
ess
a
g
e
e
n
d
-
to
-
e
n
d
to
ea
ch
av
ai
lab
le
p
ath
s
(
ii)
E
ac
h
n
o
d
es o
f
a
p
ath
r
et
u
r
n
o
w
n
av
ai
lab
le
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
in
t
h
e
M
A
X_
B
W
m
es
s
ag
e.
(
iii)
No
w
ca
lc
u
late
m
in
i
m
u
m
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
ea
ch
a
v
ailab
le
p
ath
s
lik
e
P
ath
P
1
MI
N_
B
W
=
M
I
N
[
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N
1
,
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N2
,
…….
MA
X_
B
W
o
f
N
i,
…]
P
ath
P
2
MI
N_
B
W
=
M
I
N
[
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N
1
,
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N2
,
…….
MA
X_
B
W
o
f
N
i,
…]
.
.
.
P
ath
P
n
MI
N_
B
W
=
M
I
N
[
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N
1
,
M
A
X_
B
W
o
f
N2
,
…….
MA
X_
B
W
o
f
N
i,
…]
2
.
Sen
d
R
E
SERV
A
T
I
ON
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
o
n
th
at
p
at
h
w
h
ich
s
atis
f
ies th
e
d
esire
d
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
3
.
A
f
ter
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
r
eser
v
atio
n
cr
ea
te
r
eser
v
atio
n
tab
le.
4
.
No
w
P
ac
k
et
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
u
le
tr
an
s
m
it d
ata
p
ac
k
et
to
u
s
i
n
g
r
eser
v
ed
p
ath
.
I
t
m
a
y
ef
f
icien
t o
r
n
o
t.
c.
SPCL P
a
c
k
et
Sched
uli
ng
M
o
du
le
1.
A
s
s
i
g
n
p
r
io
r
ities
to
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t tr
af
f
ics i
n
a
q
u
e
u
e
{
(
i)
Ass
i
g
n
o
n
e
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
lo
ca
l r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
(
ii)
Ass
i
g
n
t
w
o
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
lo
ca
l r
ea
l ti
m
e
tr
a
f
f
ic.
(
iii)
Ass
i
g
n
th
r
ee
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
lo
ca
l b
est ef
f
o
r
t tr
af
f
ic.
(
iv
)
Ass
i
g
n
f
o
u
r
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
o
u
ts
id
e
b
est tr
af
f
ic
.
}
2
.
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
c
h
ec
k
th
at
i
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
ec
o
m
e
f
r
ee
o
r
n
o
t
I
f
y
es;
{
(
a)
Use
“
p
r
io
r
it
y
b
ase
d
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
i
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
”
(
b
)
R
ef
er
tr
a
f
f
ic
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
io
r
it
y
to
“
SP
C
L
A
d
m
is
s
io
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l M
o
d
u
le”
}
3
.
I
f
n
o
;
{
W
ait
u
n
til r
eso
u
r
ce
b
ec
o
m
e
f
r
ee
}
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
2
6
0
3
-
2613
2610
2
.
3
.
Si
m
ula
t
io
n e
nv
iro
n
m
e
nt
D
ata
is
ac
q
u
ir
ed
b
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
s
i
m
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
s
u
s
in
g
f
ix
ed
s
o
m
e
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
v
ar
y
o
t
h
er
v
ar
iab
les.
SP
C
L
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
m
u
lato
r
NS
-
2
[
1
3
]
in
R
ed
h
at
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ed
itio
n
6
.5
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SP
C
L
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
it
h
ex
i
s
tin
g
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
[
1
4
]
,
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
er
y
r
atio
an
d
e
n
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
et
d
u
r
in
g
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
S
.
N
.
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
1.
S
i
mu
l
a
t
o
r
NS
-
2
.
3
5
2.
A
r
e
a
(
L
e
n
g
t
h
*
W
i
d
t
h
)
5
0
0
*
5
0
0
3.
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
t
y
p
e
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss C
h
a
n
n
e
l
4.
R
a
d
i
o
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
Tw
o
R
a
y
G
r
o
u
n
d
[
1
5
]
5.
I
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
q
u
e
u
e
T
y
p
e
D
r
o
p
T
a
i
l
/
P
r
i
Q
u
e
u
e
6.
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
O
mn
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
7.
M
A
C
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
N
e
i
g
h
b
o
u
r
N
o
d
e
S
u
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
R
e
a
l
T
i
me
M
A
C
(
N
N
S
R
T
-
M
A
C
)
8.
R
o
u
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
D
S
R
(
d
y
n
a
mi
c
se
c
u
r
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
)
9.
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
sy
st
e
m
S
P
C
L
I
n
-
b
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
0.
A
d
mi
ssi
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
mo
d
u
l
e
S
P
C
L
A
d
mi
ssi
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
mo
d
u
l
e
1
1
.
R
e
se
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
u
l
e
S
P
C
L
R
e
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
u
l
e
1
2
.
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
mo
d
u
l
e
S
P
C
L
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
M
o
d
u
l
e
1
3
.
P
a
c
k
e
t
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
i
n
g
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
b
a
se
d
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
i
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
4
.
Ty
p
e
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
C
B
R
[
1
6
]
1
5
.
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
i
me
3
0
0
se
c
1
6
.
N
o
.
o
f
N
o
d
e
s
60
1
7
.
N
o
d
e
S
p
e
e
d
,
M
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
y
p
e
3
0
m/
s
,
R
a
d
o
m (i
n
me
t
e
r
/
se
c
o
n
d
)
1
8
.
N
o
.
o
f
M
a
l
i
c
i
o
u
s
N
o
d
e
s
10
1
9
.
Q
o
S
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
S
P
C
L
,
I
N
S
I
G
N
I
A
,
I
N
O
R
A
,
P
R
T
M
A
C
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
W
e
h
av
e
d
esi
g
n
t
w
o
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
w
i
th
o
u
t
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
an
d
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
ten
m
al
ici
o
u
s
n
o
d
es.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
w
e
w
i
ll
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
SP
C
L
w
it
h
I
NSI
GNI
A
,
I
NO
R
A
,
a
n
d
P
R
T
MA
C
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
in
ter
m
s
o
f
m
etr
i
cs
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
e
n
d
to
en
d
d
ela
y
,
p
ac
k
et
d
eli
v
er
y
r
atio
an
d
av
er
ag
e
j
itter
b
y
p
lo
ttin
g
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
.
3
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
s
ce
na
rio
w
hen
m
a
licio
us
no
de
n
o
t
present
in t
he
net
w
o
rk
3
.
1
.
1
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
Fig
u
r
e
5
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
an
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
as
s
p
ee
d
o
f
a
n
o
d
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Her
e
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
al
l
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
ts
o
f
all
s
p
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
1
1
.
7
3
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
3
3
.
1
4
co
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NORA
a
n
d
4
8
.
7
7
co
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
E
nd
-
To
-
E
n
d De
la
y
Ma
x
i
m
u
m
E
n
d
-
To
-
E
n
d
Dela
y
ca
n
lead
to
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
M
A
NE
T
an
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
E
n
d
-
To
-
E
n
d
Dela
y
is
t
h
e
i
n
d
icatio
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
E
n
d
to
E
n
d
d
ela
y
i
n
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
E
n
d
to
E
n
d
d
elay
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
9
.
7
5
% c
o
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
1
9
.
0
7
% b
y
I
NOR
A
an
d
2
4
.
1
3
% b
y
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
ec
u
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
ficien
t c
r
o
s
s
la
ye
r
(
S
P
C
L)
Qo
S
fr
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
mo
b
ile
a
d
-
h
o
c
n
etw
o
r
k
(
S
a
n
t
o
s
h
S
a
h
u
)
2611
3
.
1
.
3
.
P
a
ck
et
deliv
er
y
ra
t
io
Deliv
er
y
r
atio
(
P
DR
)
is
th
e
p
ac
k
ets
t
h
at
ar
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
ll
y
d
eliv
er
ed
to
a
d
esti
n
atio
n
d
iv
i
d
e
b
y
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ac
k
e
t
s
e
n
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
g
r
ap
h
b
et
w
ee
n
P
DR
an
d
n
o
d
e
s
p
ee
d
.
P
DR
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
1
0
.
1
1
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
1
5
.
4
6
%
b
y
I
NOR
A
a
n
d
1
8
.
9
2
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
3
.
1
.
4
.
Av
er
a
g
e
j
it
t
er
J
itter
is
th
e
d
ela
y
v
ar
ia
n
ce
in
t
h
e
ti
m
e
b
et
w
ee
n
p
ac
k
e
ts
ar
r
iv
in
g
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
less
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Av
er
ag
e
j
itter
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
lo
w
e
r
th
a
n
o
t
h
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
.
Av
er
ag
e
j
itter
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
1
3
.
8
6
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
2
7
.
1
7
%
b
y
I
NO
R
A
a
n
d
3
8
.
4
7
%
b
y
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
R
ati
o
o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Av
er
ag
e
J
itter
o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
3
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
s
ce
na
rio
w
hen t
en
m
a
licio
us
no
de
present
in t
he
net
w
o
rk
3
.
2
.
1
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
e.
B
u
t
s
till
SP
C
L
h
as
b
etter
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
th
an
o
t
h
er
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
0
8
.
4
7
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
M
A
C
,
4
4
.
5
2
c
o
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NOR
A
an
d
5
5
.
2
8
co
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
E
nd
-
To
-
E
n
d De
la
y
As
w
e
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
e
n
d
to
en
d
d
ela
y
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
as
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
B
u
t
if
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
it
w
i
th
o
t
h
er
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
t
h
e
SP
C
L
h
a
s
co
m
p
ar
e
to
lo
w
er
en
d
to
en
d
d
elay
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
0
.
E
n
d
to
E
n
d
d
elay
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
7
.
6
6
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
0
6
.
2
2
%
b
y
I
NOR
A
an
d
1
8
.
6
8
% b
y
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t o
f
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
3
.
2
.
3
.
P
a
ck
et
deliv
er
y
ra
t
io
P
DR
also
a
f
f
ec
ted
b
y
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
P
DR
m
u
s
t
b
e
h
i
g
h
.
Her
e
P
D
R
o
f
SP
C
L
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
b
etter
f
o
r
v
ar
y
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
s
p
ee
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
1
.
P
DR
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
1
7
.
5
0
%
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
2
5
.
3
9
%
b
y
I
NOR
A
a
n
d
2
9
.
4
3
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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4
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Av
er
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it
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y
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ar
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p
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er
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f
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v
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r
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h
er
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S
f
r
a
m
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w
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r
k
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t
i
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w
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f
o
r
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o
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e
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ee
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w
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i
g
u
r
e
1
2
.
A
v
er
ag
e
j
itter
o
f
SP
C
L
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
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d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
1
1
.
1
6
%
co
m
p
ar
e
to
P
R
T
MA
C
,
2
8
.
0
7
%
b
y
I
NO
R
A
an
d
1
1
.
5
3
% b
y
I
NSI
GNI
A
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
P
ac
k
et
Deliv
er
y
R
a
tio
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
A
v
er
a
g
e
J
itter
o
f
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
SP
C
L
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
h
as
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
it
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
e
x
is
tin
g
Qo
S
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NNSR
T
-
M
A
C
la
y
er
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
d
etec
ts
th
e
m
al
icio
u
s
n
o
d
es,
p
r
ev
en
t
f
r
o
m
v
ar
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u
s
t
y
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o
f
th
r
ea
ts
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tack
s
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n
d
m
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tain
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h
e
p
er
f
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r
m
a
n
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o
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m
ed
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m
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e
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li
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le
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h
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s
e
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r
io
r
ity
b
ased
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
in
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o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
ac
k
ets.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
DSR
r
o
u
tin
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al
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o
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ith
m
f
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d
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th
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e
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ath
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ica
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u
r
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m
an
n
er
.
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h
e
SP
C
L
QOS
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
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tiv
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d
r
ea
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m
e
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e
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icie
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t
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n
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t
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o
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r
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a
m
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o
r
k
i
s
t
h
at
it
u
s
e
s
v
er
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m
p
le
m
et
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o
d
s
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o
r
s
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u
r
it
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ath
er
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h
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m
p
le
x
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o
r
ith
m
e
x
is
t
s
in
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
e
p
r
ev
en
t
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
attac
k
s
l
ik
e
o
v
er
-
r
eser
v
atio
n
,
s
tate
tab
le
s
tar
v
a
tio
n
,
o
v
er
/u
n
d
er
-
r
ep
o
r
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o
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v
ailab
le
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d
w
id
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h
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S
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eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
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m
p
er
s
o
n
atio
n
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e,
th
e
f
t
o
f
s
er
v
ice
s
ti
m
in
g
attac
k
,
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
,
r
ep
la
y
attac
k
,
a
n
d
d
en
ial
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Do
S)
attac
k
,
att
ac
k
s
o
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
tr
an
s
it
a
n
d
attac
k
s
a
g
ain
s
t r
o
u
t
in
g
.
SP
C
L
Qo
S f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
g
i
v
es
b
etter
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
p
ac
k
et
d
eliv
e
r
y
r
atio
a
n
d
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
d
ela
y
i
n
b
o
t
h
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
w
h
e
n
m
a
licio
u
s
n
o
d
e
p
r
esen
t a
n
d
ab
s
en
t i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
C.
K.
T
o
h
,
“
A
d
h
o
c
m
o
b
il
e
w
irele
ss
n
e
tw
o
rk
s: p
ro
to
c
o
ls a
n
d
sy
ste
m
s
,”
P
e
a
rso
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
]
T
.
B.
R
e
d
d
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Qu
a
li
t
y
o
f
s
e
rv
ice
p
ro
v
isio
n
i
n
g
in
a
d
h
o
c
w
ir
e
les
s
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s:
a
su
rv
e
y
o
f
issu
e
s
a
n
d
so
lu
ti
o
n
s
,
”
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
4
(1
),
pp.
83
-
1
2
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
]
M
c
Ne
rn
e
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
2
-
d
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
Q
o
S
p
ro
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
in
a
d
v
e
rsa
rial
m
o
b
i
le
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
5
th
ACM
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
,
a
n
a
lys
is
a
n
d
simu
l
a
ti
o
n
o
f
wire
les
s a
n
d
mo
b
il
e
sy
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
-
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
S.
B.
L
e
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
INSIG
NI
A
:
An
I
P
-
b
a
se
d
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
se
r
v
ice
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pa
ra
ll
e
l
a
n
d
Distri
b
u
ted
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
6
0
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
4
-
4
0
6
,
2
0
0
0
.
[5
]
D.
Dh
a
rm
a
r
a
ju
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
INO
RA
––
A
u
n
if
ied
sig
n
a
ll
in
g
a
n
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
Qo
S
su
p
p
o
rt
in
m
o
b
il
e
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
IC
PP
W
2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
8
6
-
93
,
2
0
0
2
.
[6
]
H.
A
h
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
u
p
p
o
r
ti
n
g
se
rv
ice
d
iff
e
re
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
a
n
d
b
e
st
-
e
ff
o
rt
traff
ic
in
sta
tele
ss
w
irele
ss
a
d
h
o
c
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
o
b
il
e
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
1
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
-
2
0
7
,
2
0
0
2
.
[7
]
V
.
V
iv
e
k
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
o
u
t
-
of
-
b
a
n
d
sig
n
a
li
n
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
re
a
l
t
im
e
su
p
p
o
rt
in
tac
ti
c
a
l
a
d
h
o
c
w
irele
ss
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
IEE
E
RT
A
S
2
0
0
4
,
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
B.
S
.
M
a
n
o
j
a
n
d
C.
S
.
R
.
M
u
rt
h
y
,
“
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
tra
ff
ic
su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
a
d
h
o
c
w
irele
ss
n
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
IEE
E
ICON 2
0
0
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
3
4
0
,
2
0
0
2
.
[9
]
S,
T
rip
a
th
i
a
n
d
A
.
K.
Ja
in
,
“
S
e
c
u
re
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
In
teg
ra
ted
UMT
S
a
n
d
WL
A
N
A
d
Ho
c
Ne
t
wo
rk
s
,”
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l/
iss
u
e
:
5
(
4
),
p
p
.
4
6
9
-
488
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
C.
Zo
u
rid
a
k
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
A
tt
a
c
k
s
a
n
d
De
fe
n
se
M
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
f
o
r
Qo
S
S
ig
n
a
li
n
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
in
M
A
NET
s
,”
W
ire
les
s In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
p
p
.
6
1
-
70
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
1
]
K.
P
e
lec
h
ri
n
is,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
n
ial
o
f
se
rv
ice
a
tt
a
c
k
s in
w
irele
s
s
n
e
tw
o
rk
s: T
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
ja
m
m
e
r
s
,”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
su
rv
e
y
s
&
tu
to
ria
ls
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
13
(
2
),
p
p
.
2
4
5
-
2
5
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
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