I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
5
7
~
2
5
6
3
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
8
i
4
.
p
p
2
5
5
7
-
2563
2557
J
o
ur
na
l
ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Dua
l Ba
nd t
o
Wi
deba
nd P
e
ntag
o
n
-
sha
ped P
a
t
ch A
n
tenna w
i
th
Frequen
cy
Recon
figura
bility
u
sing
EB
G
s
Ra
i
m
i D
ew
a
n
1
,
M
.
K
.
A.
R
a
him
2
,
M
.
R.
H
a
m
id
3
,
M
.
F
.
M
.
Y
us
o
f
f
4
,
H
.
A.
M
a
j
id
5
,
B
.
A.
F
.
E
s
m
a
il
6
1
,
2,
3,
4
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
;
5,
6
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
P
a
rit
Ra
ja,
J
o
h
o
r,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
A
p
r
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
J
u
l 1
2
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
J
u
l 1
9
,
2
0
1
8
A
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
to
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
b
le
p
e
n
tag
o
n
-
sh
a
p
e
d
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
EB
G
u
n
it
c
e
ll
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
.
A
m
in
i
m
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
w
o
EB
G
u
n
it
c
e
ll
is
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
to
re
a
li
z
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
.
B
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
th
e
sta
te
o
f
th
e
EBG
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
is
c
a
p
a
b
le
to
c
h
a
n
g
e
it
s
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
t
o
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
a
lt
e
rn
a
tel
y
.
T
h
e
re
a
r
e
th
re
e
c
a
s
e
s
th
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
d
,
f
irst
c
a
se
is
th
e
EBG
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
ted
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
id
e
a
l
a
n
d
se
c
o
n
d
is
w
it
h
th
e
a
c
t
iv
e
EB
G
.
S
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
tl
y
,
t
h
e
t
h
ir
d
c
a
se
s
is
th
e
f
a
b
rica
ted
id
e
a
l
EBG
in
c
o
rp
o
ra
te
d
a
n
ten
n
a
.
T
h
e
d
u
a
l
b
a
n
d
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
is
a
t
1
.
8
G
Hz
a
n
d
5
.
2
G
Hz
w
h
il
e
th
e
w
id
e
b
a
n
d
f
ro
m
1
.
6
G
Hz
to
2
.
3
7
G
H
z
(7
7
0
M
Hz
).
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
a
n
ten
n
a
is
su
it
a
b
le
t
o
be
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
f
o
r
L
T
E
(1
.
6
G
Hz
),
W
i
-
F
i
(5
.
2
G
Hz
),
W
iM
A
X
(2
.
3
G
Hz
)
a
n
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
:
Du
al
b
an
d
E
B
G
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
P
en
tag
o
n
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
W
id
eb
an
d
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
8
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
ai
m
i D
e
w
a
n
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i M
ala
y
s
ia
,
J
o
h
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
r
ai
m
id
e
w
an
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Me
ta
m
ater
ial
i
s
a
co
m
p
o
s
ite
m
ater
ial
t
h
at
is
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
ed
to
ex
h
ib
it
s
p
ec
if
ic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
n
o
t
f
o
u
n
d
in
n
atu
r
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
I
n
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
m
eta
m
ater
ial
is
a
m
a
ter
ial
t
h
at
ex
h
ib
iti
n
o
n
-
n
atu
r
al
l
y
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
ch
ar
ater
is
tic
s
at
i
ts
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
eta
m
ater
i
al
ab
ilit
y
in
m
an
ip
u
lati
n
g
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
b
eh
av
io
u
r
i
s
v
er
y
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
o
p
ti
m
ize
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
R
ad
io
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
(
R
F)
an
d
m
icr
o
w
av
e
d
ev
ice
s
,
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ad
d
in
g
t
h
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
d
esi
g
n
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
ic
es.
So
m
e
ex
a
m
p
les
o
f
m
eta
m
a
ter
ials
ar
e
s
p
lit
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
[
3
]
,
d
o
u
b
le
n
e
g
ati
v
e
m
ater
ials
,
m
eta
m
ater
ial
l
en
s
a
n
d
ab
s
o
r
b
er
,
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
b
an
d
g
ap
(
E
B
G)
[
4
]
-
[
6
]
.
E
B
G
is
a
m
eta
m
ater
ial
w
h
ic
h
ex
h
ib
it
b
an
d
g
ap
ch
ar
ater
is
tics
,
in
p
h
a
s
e
r
ef
lectio
n
[
7
]
an
d
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
B
an
d
g
ap
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
a
n
E
B
G
is
a
r
eg
io
n
at
w
h
ich
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
eti
c
w
av
e
(
E
MW
)
o
f
d
esig
n
ated
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
ci
es
ar
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
f
r
o
m
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
it
w
h
ile
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
d
er
E
MW
o
f
o
th
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
ca
n
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
e
b
an
d
g
ap
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
S
21
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
w
h
ic
h
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
d
ec
ib
el
(
d
B
)
s
ca
le.
I
n
p
h
ase
r
ef
lectio
n
is
an
o
t
h
er
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
ed
c
h
ar
ater
icst
ics
at
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
E
B
G
ex
h
ib
it
as
p
er
f
ec
t
m
ag
n
etic
co
n
d
u
cto
r
(
P
MC)
at
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ated
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
t
t
h
is
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
E
B
G
in
d
u
c
es
r
ef
lecte
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
E
MW
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
h
a
s
e
as
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Du
e
to
P
MC
is
n
o
t
n
at
u
r
all
y
e
x
is
ted
,
E
B
G
th
at
ex
h
ib
it
th
e
P
MC
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
is
ca
lled
as
A
r
ti
f
icia
l
Ma
g
n
etic
C
o
n
d
u
ct
o
r
(
A
MC).
A
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
at,
E
B
G
also
ex
h
ib
it
r
ea
l
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
at
its
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
s
o
m
eti
m
es
r
ef
er
r
ed
as
Hi
g
h
I
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
S
u
r
f
ac
e
(
HI
S).
I
n
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
b
an
d
g
ap
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
E
B
G
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
an
te
n
n
a
is
an
an
ten
n
a
th
a
t
ca
n
ch
a
n
g
e
its
p
r
o
p
er
ties
to
f
u
lf
illed
t
h
e
ev
e
r
-
ch
a
n
g
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t i
n
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
er
v
ice
s
(
W
C
S)
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
p
le
s
o
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
r
ad
iati
o
n
p
atter
n
,
an
d
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
T
y
p
ica
l
r
ea
lizatio
n
s
o
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
s
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
5
5
7
–
2
5
6
3
2558
b
y
i
m
p
le
m
en
tin
g
t
h
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
o
n
th
e
r
ad
i
atin
g
p
ar
t
o
r
o
n
th
e
f
ee
d
in
g
li
n
es
to
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
a
n
t
en
n
a
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
a
m
o
n
g
w
ir
e
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
er
v
ice
t
h
at
o
p
er
ate
at
s
i
m
ilar
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
b
y
tu
r
n
i
n
g
o
f
f
t
h
e
u
n
u
s
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
W
ith
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
r
ed
u
ce
s
,
th
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
s
ca
n
b
e
o
p
ti
m
ized
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
a
d
u
al
b
an
d
to
w
id
e
b
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
a
n
t
en
n
a
w
it
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
ll
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
o
p
er
ated
at
d
u
al
b
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
.
8
GHz
an
d
5
.
2
GHz
w
h
ile
w
id
eb
an
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
6
GHz
to
2
.
3
7
GHz
.
B
y
m
an
ip
u
l
atin
g
th
e
s
tate
o
f
t
h
e
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
lls
,
th
e
b
an
d
g
ap
i
s
v
ar
ied
w
h
ic
h
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
ch
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
en
tag
o
n
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
n
l
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
t
w
o
E
B
G
u
n
it c
ell
s
f
o
r
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
.
An
te
n
n
a
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
C
o
g
n
i
tiv
e
R
ad
io
(
C
R
)
,
L
o
n
g
T
er
m
E
v
o
l
u
tio
n
(
L
T
E
)
,
W
ir
eless
Fid
elit
y
(
W
i
-
Fi)
an
d
W
o
r
ld
w
id
e
I
n
ter
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
A
cc
e
s
s
(
W
iM
A
X)
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
2.
E
L
E
C
T
RO
M
AG
NE
T
I
C
B
A
ND
G
AP
(
E
B
G
)
UNI
T
CE
L
L
E
B
G
an
d
a
n
ten
n
a
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
o
n
lo
w
co
s
t
FR
4
d
ielec
tr
ic
w
it
h
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
,
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
lo
s
s
tan
g
e
t
an
d
co
p
p
er
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
.
6
m
m
,
4
.
3
9
,
0
.
0
1
9
an
d
3
5
µ
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
an
d
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
t
w
o
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
ll
s
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
E
B
G
at
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
at
t
h
e
b
ac
k
(
o
p
p
o
s
ite)
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
tr
ate
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
v
ia
s
.
Via
s
is
a
s
h
o
r
tin
g
p
in
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
lls
to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
S0
an
d
S1
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
is
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
w
o
VI
A
S to
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
B
o
th
S0
a
n
d
S1
ar
e
eith
er
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
t
u
r
n
ON
o
r
OFF,
w
h
ich
ar
e
S0
S1
=
1
1
o
r
S0
S1
=
0
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
OF
F
an
d
ON
s
tate
is
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
0
an
d
1
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
b
a
n
d
g
ap
ch
a
n
g
es
w
i
th
r
esp
ec
t
to
ch
an
g
e
s
i
n
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
S0
S1
.
W
h
en
E
B
G
s
tate
i
s
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
to
S0
S1
=
0
0
,
th
e
b
an
d
g
ap
o
f
th
e
E
B
G
is
ap
p
ea
r
ed
at
th
e
lo
w
er
b
an
d
o
f
2
.
3
1
to
2
.
5
GHz
.
B
a
n
d
g
ap
at
5
.
3
7
GHz
to
5
.
9
5
GHz
is
ap
p
ea
r
ed
w
h
en
S0
S1
=1
1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t a
n
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
T
w
o
E
B
G
u
n
it c
ell
w
i
th
O
N
=
1
o
r
OFF =
0
s
w
itc
h
e
s
lo
ca
ted
at
S0
an
d
S1
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
an
d
g
ap
,
S2
1
o
f
E
B
G
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
E
B
G
State
o
f
“
0
0
”
an
d
“
1
1
”
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Du
a
l B
a
n
d
to
W
id
eb
a
n
d
P
e
n
ta
g
o
n
-
s
h
a
p
ed
P
a
tch
A
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
F
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
…
(
R
a
imi D
ewa
n
)
2559
3.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
A
s
in
g
le
p
atc
h
a
n
ten
n
a
o
n
d
u
al
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
la
y
er
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
d
to
b
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
i
th
t
h
e
E
B
G
to
r
ea
lize
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
d
es
ig
n
ed
i
s
s
ep
ar
ated
in
to
t
w
o
ca
s
es: id
ea
l a
n
d
ac
ti
v
e
ca
s
e.
Firstl
y
,
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
a
n
t
en
n
a
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
id
ea
l
E
B
G
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
I
n
id
ea
l
ca
s
e,
th
e
OFF
an
d
ON
o
f
th
e
E
B
G
s
tate
i
s
v
ar
ied
b
y
r
em
o
v
al
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
c
o
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
an
ten
n
a
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
E
B
G
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
3
.
1
.
I
dea
l c
a
s
e
I
n
id
ea
l
ca
s
e,
th
e
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
o
f
0
0
an
d
1
1
is
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
s
.
T
h
e
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
e
r
f
ec
t
s
w
itc
h
as
th
e
r
e
m
o
v
a
l
an
d
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
id
ea
l
OFF
an
d
O
N
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
E
B
G.
C
o
p
p
e
r
is
a
g
o
o
d
c
o
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
ON)
as
co
n
d
u
cto
r
w
h
er
ea
s
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
i
s
a
g
o
o
d
in
s
u
lato
r
(
OFF).
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
en
tag
o
n
-
sh
ap
ed
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
o
n
th
e
to
p
FR
4
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
E
B
G
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
s
id
e
o
f
b
o
tto
m
Fr4
la
y
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
b
ac
k
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
la
y
er
w
it
h
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
0
0
an
d
1
1
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
(
a)
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
f
r
o
n
t v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
i
th
E
B
G
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
w
it
h
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
(
b
)
0
0
an
d
(
c)
1
1
3
.
2
.
Act
iv
e
ca
s
e
I
n
p
r
ac
tical,
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
l
e
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
elec
tr
o
n
icall
y
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
p
p
er
s
tr
ip
s
is
o
n
l
y
s
e
r
v
e
as
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
co
n
ce
p
t
w
h
ile
ac
tiv
e
s
w
itc
h
es
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
ea
lize
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
a
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
u
s
e.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
t
h
e
b
iasi
n
g
w
ir
es
at
t
h
e
b
ac
k
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
io
d
es,
w
h
ile
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
c)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
io
d
e
an
d
th
e
lu
m
p
ed
ele
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
e)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
OFF
an
d
ON
d
io
d
e
w
it
h
p
ar
asit
ic
e
f
f
ec
t c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
ac
tiv
e
E
B
G.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
w
it
h
ac
ti
v
e
E
B
G;
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
(
b
)
th
e
d
io
d
es (
c)
1
0
0
n
H
i
n
d
u
c
to
r
s
(
d
)
1
0
0
p
F
c
ap
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
(
e)
all
ac
tiv
e
an
d
lu
m
p
ed
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
5
5
7
–
2
5
6
3
2560
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
Sch
e
m
atic
Dia
g
r
a
m
f
o
r
D
io
d
e
in
(
a)
OFF
s
t
ate
an
d
(
b
)
ON
s
t
ate
w
it
h
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
p
ar
asit
ics
4.
F
AB
RICAT
I
O
N
AND
M
E
ASURE
M
E
NT
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
f
o
r
id
ea
l
ca
s
e
is
th
e
n
f
ab
r
icate
d
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
-
(
d
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
E
B
G
u
n
it
ce
ll
w
h
i
ch
is
at
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
la
y
er
.
T
h
e
v
ia
is
r
ea
lized
u
s
in
g
P
latet
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
Ho
le
(
P
T
H
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
ad
iati
n
g
p
atc
h
o
f
t
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
w
h
il
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
d
)
i
s
th
e
b
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
b
o
tto
m
F
R
4
la
y
er
w
it
h
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
0
0
an
d
1
1
r
esp
ec
t
iv
el
y
.
T
h
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ted
o
n
es.
Vec
to
r
Net
w
o
r
k
An
al
y
ze
r
(
VNA
)
is
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t d
e
v
ice
u
s
e
to
tak
e
r
ea
d
in
g
o
f
r
ef
l
ec
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
, S
11
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
(
a)
E
B
G
u
n
it c
ell
s
,
th
e
(
b
)
f
r
o
n
t
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
E
B
G
u
n
it c
ells
.
B
ac
k
v
ie
w
o
f
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
E
B
G
State
o
f
(
c)
0
0
an
d
(
d
)
1
1
5.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
to
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
e
f
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t,
S
11
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
E
B
G
o
f
v
ar
ied
s
tate
(
0
0
o
r
1
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
S
11
r
esu
lt
at
th
e
lo
wer
an
d
u
p
p
er
b
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
w
h
e
n
th
e
E
B
G
s
tate
is
0
0
.
A
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
l
y
o
p
er
ates
at
1
.
8
GHz
f
o
r
a
ll
th
r
ee
ca
s
es
o
f
id
ea
l
(
s
i
m
u
latio
n
)
,
ac
tiv
e
(
s
i
m
u
latio
n
)
a
n
d
id
ea
l
(
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t)
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
,
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
is
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
l
y
o
p
er
ated
at
5
.
2
GHz
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
o
f
b
o
th
id
ea
l
an
d
ac
tiv
e
c
ase.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lt
is
s
h
i
f
ted
to
th
e
r
ig
h
t.
T
h
is
co
u
l
d
b
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
m
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
in
h
u
m
an
er
r
o
r
w
h
i
le
in
f
ab
r
icatio
n
s
ta
g
e
s
,
an
d
m
is
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
t
h
at
co
u
ld
b
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
p
r
in
ted
d
esi
g
n
o
f
m
u
lti
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
la
y
er
.
An
y
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
f
ab
r
ic
atio
n
a
f
f
ec
t
u
p
p
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
lo
w
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
d
u
e
to
s
m
aller
w
a
v
ele
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
S
m
all
c
h
an
g
es
i
n
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
w
o
u
ld
ad
v
er
s
el
y
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
as o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
at
th
e
lo
w
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
e
g
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
S
11
r
esu
l
t
at
th
e
lo
wer
an
d
u
p
p
er
an
d
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
,
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
E
B
G
s
tate
is
1
1
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
is
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
o
p
er
ated
at
w
id
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
at
lo
w
er
r
eg
io
n
o
f
2
.
3
GHz
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c)
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
n
e
i
s
n
ar
r
o
w
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
b
o
th
id
ea
l
an
d
ac
tiv
e
ca
s
e.
A
t
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
r
eg
i
o
n
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
,
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
n
o
t
o
p
er
ated
at
5
.
2
GHz
as
d
esire
d
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
S
11
o
f
al
l
ca
s
es
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a)
to
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
,
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
at
1
.
8
GHz
a
n
d
5
.
2
GHz
w
h
e
n
th
e
E
B
G
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
a
t
th
e
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
0
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
to
F
ig
u
r
e
9
(
d
)
,
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
at
1
.
8
GHz
a
n
d
2
.
3
G
Hz
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
E
B
G
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Du
a
l B
a
n
d
to
W
id
eb
a
n
d
P
e
n
ta
g
o
n
-
s
h
a
p
ed
P
a
tch
A
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
F
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
…
(
R
a
imi D
ewa
n
)
2561
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
w
it
h
an
te
n
n
a
at
th
e
E
B
G
s
tate
o
f
1
1
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
r
ad
iates
in
al
m
o
s
t
o
m
n
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
atter
n
.
T
h
is
i
s
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
p
ar
tial g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
An
ten
n
a
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
,
S1
1
at
(
a)
l
o
w
er
an
d
(
b
)
u
p
p
e
r
b
an
d
w
it
h
E
B
G
St
ate
“
0
0
”.
An
te
n
n
a
r
ef
lectio
n
co
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
,
S1
1
at
(
c)
l
o
w
er
an
d
(
d
)
u
p
p
er
b
an
d
w
ith
E
B
G
s
tate
“
1
1
”
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
S
11
o
f
all
C
a
s
es
B
a
n
d
-
1
0
d
B
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
G
H
z
)
EB
G
st
a
t
e
0
0
EB
G
st
a
t
e
1
1
I
d
e
a
l
(
S
i
m)
A
c
t
i
v
e
(
S
i
m)
I
d
e
a
l
(
M
e
a
)
I
d
e
a
l
(
S
i
m)
A
c
t
i
v
e
(
S
i
m)
I
d
e
a
l
(
M
e
a
)
L
o
w
e
r
1
.
5
4
–
1
.
8
6
1
.
5
6
–
1
.
9
5
1
.
6
6
–
1
.
8
6
1
.
6
0
–
2
.
3
1
1
.
5
9
–
2
.
3
7
1
.
6
9
–
2
.
2
2
U
p
p
e
r
5
.
1
0
-
5
.
5
8
4
.
9
2
–
5
.
3
3
5
.
2
4
–
5
.
6
4
-
-
-
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
An
ten
n
a
r
ad
iatio
n
p
a
tter
n
s
w
it
h
E
B
G
s
tate
“
0
0
”
(
a)
H
-
fi
eld
an
d
(
b
)
E
-
f
ield
at
1
.
8
GHz
(
c)
H
-
f
ie
ld
an
d
(
d
)
E
-
f
ield
at
5
.
2
GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
201
8
:
2
5
5
7
–
2
5
6
3
2562
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
An
ten
n
a
r
ad
iatio
n
p
a
tter
n
s
w
it
h
E
B
G
S
tate
“
1
1
”
(
a)
H
-
fi
eld
an
d
(
b
)
E
-
f
ield
at
1
.
8
GHz
(
c)
H
-
f
ie
ld
an
d
(
d
)
E
-
f
ield
at
2
.
3
GHz
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
d
u
al
b
an
d
to
w
id
eb
an
d
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
p
en
tag
o
n
-
s
h
ap
ed
an
ten
n
a
w
i
th
E
B
G
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
B
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
E
B
G
th
e
an
ten
n
a
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
ch
an
g
e
it
s
d
u
al
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
to
w
id
eb
an
d
alter
n
atel
y
.
T
h
e
d
u
al
b
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
is
at
1
.
8
GHz
an
d
5
.
2
GHz
w
h
i
le
w
id
e
b
an
d
f
r
o
m
1
.
6
GHz
to
2
.
3
7
GHz
(
7
7
0
MH
z)
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
a
is
s
u
itab
le
to
be
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
L
T
E
(
1
.
6
GHz
)
,
W
i
-
Fi
(
5
.
2
GHz
)
,
W
iMA
X
(
2
.
3
GHz
)
an
d
co
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
n
ap
p
licatio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
Mi
n
is
t
r
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
MO
E
)
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
w
o
r
k
;
R
esear
c
h
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
C
e
n
tr
e
(
R
M
C
)
,
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
P
o
s
tg
r
ad
u
ate
St
u
d
ies
(
SP
S),
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t,
Fa
cu
l
t
y
o
f
E
lec
tr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
(
FKE)
,
an
d
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i
Ma
la
y
s
ia
(
UT
M)
J
o
h
o
r
B
ah
r
u
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
n
t
n
o
1
4
J
2
2
an
d
1
6
H0
8
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
also
li
k
e
to
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
all
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
o
f
AR
FM
R
G.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
De
w
a
n
,
M
.
K.
A
.
R
a
h
im
,
M
.
R
.
Ha
m
id
,
H.
A
.
M
a
ji
d
,
M
.
F
.
M
.
Yu
so
f
f
,
a
n
d
M
.
E.
Ja
li
l,
“
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le A
n
ten
n
a
u
sin
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
T
u
n
in
g
M
e
tam
a
t
e
rial
o
f
A
rti
f
icia
l
M
a
g
n
e
ti
c
C
o
n
d
u
c
to
r,
”
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
c
,
p
p
.
1
-
2.
[2
]
P
.
S
in
g
h
a
l
a
n
d
B.
G
a
r
g
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
m
p
a
c
t
M
icro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
Us
i
n
g
„
S
p
li
t
Rin
g
‟
S
h
a
p
e
d
M
e
tam
a
teri
a
l
S
tru
c
tu
re
.
,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tr.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
5
5
-
6
6
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
O.
A
b
u
S
a
f
ia,
L
.
Talb
i,
a
n
d
K.
He
tt
a
k
,
“
A
n
e
w
t
y
p
e
o
f
tran
s
m
i
ss
io
n
li
n
e
-
b
a
se
d
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
re
so
n
a
to
r
a
n
d
it
s
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
in
o
rig
in
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
M
a
g
n
.
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
6
8
-
9
7
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
G
.
L
u
b
k
o
w
s
k
i,
R.
S
c
h
u
h
m
a
n
n
,
a
n
d
T
.
W
e
il
a
n
d
,
“
Ex
trac
ti
o
n
o
f
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
s
b
y
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
f
it
ti
n
g
o
f
d
isp
e
rsiv
e
m
o
d
e
ls,
”
M
icr
o
w.
Op
t
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
L
e
tt
.
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
8
5
-
2
8
8
,
2
0
0
7.
[5
]
O.
Ay
o
p
,
M
.
K.
A
.
Ra
h
im
,
N.
A
.
M
u
ra
d
,
N.
A
.
S
a
m
su
ri,
a
n
d
R.
De
w
a
n
,
“
T
rip
le
b
a
n
d
c
ircu
lar
rin
g
-
sh
a
p
e
d
m
e
ta
m
a
t
e
rial
a
b
so
rb
e
r
f
o
r
x
-
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
Pro
g
.
E
lec
tro
ma
g
n
.
Res
.
M
,
v
o
l.
3
9
,
p
p
.
6
5
-
7
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
J.
P
.
T
u
rp
i
n
,
Q.
W
u
,
D.
H.
Wern
e
r,
B.
M
a
rti
n
,
M
.
Bra
y
,
a
n
d
E.
L
ier,
“
Ne
a
r
-
Z
e
ro
-
In
d
e
x
M
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
L
e
n
s
Co
m
b
in
e
d
W
it
h
A
M
C
M
e
tas
u
rf
a
c
e
f
o
r
Hig
h
-
Dire
c
ti
v
it
y
L
o
w
-
P
ro
f
il
e
A
n
ten
n
a
s,”
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
4
.
p
p
.
1
9
2
8
-
1
9
3
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
R.
De
w
a
n
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
rti
f
i
c
ial
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
c
o
n
d
u
c
to
r
f
o
r
v
a
rio
u
s
a
n
ten
n
a
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
,
”
In
t.
J
.
RF
M
icr
o
w.
Co
mp
u
t
.
E
n
g
.
,
p
.
e
2
1
1
0
5
–
n
/a,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
H.
L
iu
,
S
.
G
a
o
,
a
n
d
T
.
H.
L
o
h
,
“
Co
m
p
a
c
t
M
IM
O
A
n
ten
n
a
W
it
h
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
il
it
y
a
n
d
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
Ra
d
iatio
n
P
a
tt
e
rn
s,”
IE
EE
A
n
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
2
.
p
p
.
2
6
9
-
2
7
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
M
.
A
b
ri,
H.
Ba
d
a
o
u
i,
a
n
d
Z.
B
e
rb
e
r,
“
A
Bo
w
-
T
ie
Blu
e
to
o
th
/W
im
a
x
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
f
o
r
W
irel
e
ss
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
t.
J
.
I
n
f.
Ne
tw
.
S
e
c
u
r.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
7
-
2
1
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
M
.
A
h
a
m
e
d
,
K.
Bh
o
wm
ik
,
M
.
S
h
a
h
id
u
ll
a
,
M
.
S
.
Isla
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
“
Re
c
tan
g
u
lar
M
icro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
a
t
2
G
HZ
o
n
Diff
e
re
n
t
Die
le
c
tri
c
Co
n
sta
n
t
f
o
r
P
e
rv
a
siv
e
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
E
lec
tr.
Co
mp
u
t
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
1
7
-
4
2
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Du
a
l B
a
n
d
to
W
id
eb
a
n
d
P
e
n
ta
g
o
n
-
s
h
a
p
ed
P
a
tch
A
n
te
n
n
a
w
ith
F
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
…
(
R
a
imi D
ewa
n
)
2563
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ra
i
m
i
De
w
a
n
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
De
g
re
e
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
De
g
re
e
i
n
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
)
in
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
re
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
re
se
a
rc
h
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
in
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
sig
n
.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
K
a
m
a
l
A.
Ra
h
i
m
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
A
lo
r
S
e
tar,
Ke
d
a
h
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
1
9
6
4
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
S
trath
c
l
y
d
e
,
U.K.
in
1
9
8
7
a
n
d
M
.
E
n
g
.
f
r
o
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ne
w
S
o
u
th
W
a
les
,
A
u
stra
li
a
in
1
9
9
2
.
He
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
A
c
ti
v
e
A
n
ten
n
a
.
He
is
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
a
t
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
En
g
in
n
e
ri
n
g
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Ka
m
a
l
is
a
s
e
n
io
r
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IE
EE
sin
c
e
2
0
0
7
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
ls,
b
o
d
y
-
a
re
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le an
ten
n
a
s.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
Rija
l
H
a
m
i
d
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
,
J
o
h
o
r
Ba
h
ru
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
0
1
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
De
g
re
e
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
o
f
Birm
in
g
h
a
m
,
Bir
m
in
g
h
a
m
,
U.K.
in
2
0
1
1
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UTM
)
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(F
KE),
UT
M
,
sin
c
e
1
9
9
9
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
h
is
p
o
siti
o
n
is
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r.
His
m
a
jo
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
is
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
m
u
lt
im
o
d
e
w
irel
e
ss
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
He
w
a
s
a
w
a
rd
e
d
a
s
c
h
o
lars
h
i
p
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
to
f
u
rth
e
r
stu
d
y
in
th
e
U.K.
M
o
h
d
Fa
irus
M
o
h
d
Yuso
ff
is
a
g
ra
d
u
a
te
f
a
c
u
lt
y
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
la
y
sia
(UT
M
).
He
jo
in
e
d
UT
M
in
2
0
0
2
a
s a T
u
to
r.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
-
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
-
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s)
in
2
0
0
5
f
ro
m
U
n
iv
e
rsity
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
la
y
si
a
.
He
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
in
2
0
1
2
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Re
n
n
e
s
1
,
F
ra
n
c
e
in
a
re
a
o
f
S
ig
n
a
l
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
te
re
st
a
n
d
a
re
a
a
re
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
,
re
f
lec
tarra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
,
m
il
li
m
e
tre
wa
v
e
s an
d
m
icro
w
a
v
e
d
e
v
ice
s.
H
u
d
a
A
M
a
jid
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
i
n
2
0
0
7
.
He
th
e
n
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
M
.
En
g
in
2
0
1
0
a
n
d
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
i
n
2
0
1
3
,
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tu
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
si
a
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
t
h
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
d
e
sig
n
o
f
m
i
c
ro
strip
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
sm
a
ll
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
a
n
te
n
n
a
s,
m
e
ta
m
a
teria
ls
stru
c
tu
re
,
m
e
tala
teria
l
a
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
m
il
li
m
e
t
e
r
wa
v
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
o
v
e
r
5
0
a
rti
c
les
i
n
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
r
s.
B
a
sh
a
r
Ali
Es
m
a
il
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
th
e
B
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s)
w
it
h
h
o
n
o
u
rs
f
ro
m
Ib
b
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
-
Y
e
m
e
n
,
in
2
0
0
8
.
He
th
e
n
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
.
En
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
)
in
2
0
1
6
,
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
o
n
g
o
in
g
P
h
D
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lg
y
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lg
y
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
O
n
n
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
th
e
a
re
a
s
o
f
d
e
sig
n
o
f
M
T
M
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
m
il
im
ter
w
a
v
e
a
n
ten
n
a
a
n
d
p
a
tt
e
r
n
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le M
T
M
a
n
ten
n
a
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.