Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
,
pp.
3588
~
35
95
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
10
i
4
.
pp3588
-
35
95
3588
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Wate
r moni
toring
and an
alyt
i
c ba
sed Thin
gSpeak
Ab
b
as
Hussie
n M
ir
y
,
Gre
gor A
le
xan
der
A
ramice
Depa
rtmen
t
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
Mus
ta
nsir
i
y
ah
Univer
si
t
y
,
I
raq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
ul
15
, 2
019
Re
vised
Jan
2
0
,
20
20
Accepte
d
Fe
b 2
, 2
020
Disea
ses
associ
at
ed
wi
th
bad
wate
r
h
ave
l
arg
ely
rep
or
te
d
cas
es
annual
l
y
le
ad
ing
to
d
eaths,
th
ere
for
e
th
e
wate
r
qu
alit
y
m
onit
oring
b
ec
om
e
n
ec
essar
y
t
o
provide
safe
wate
r
.
Tra
d
it
ion
al
m
onit
oring
inc
lude
s
m
anua
l
gat
her
ing
of
sam
ple
s
from
d
iffe
ren
t
point
s
on
the
distri
bu
t
ed
site,
and
then
te
sting
in
la
bora
tor
y
.
Thi
s
proc
edur
e
has
prove
n
tha
t
it
i
s
ine
ffe
ctive
be
ca
use
it
is
la
borious,
l
ag
tim
e
and
la
cks
on
li
ne
resul
ts
to
en
hanc
e
pro
ac
t
ive
response
to
wate
r
poll
ut
ion.
Emerge
nce
of
th
e
Inte
rne
t
of
Things
(IoT
)
and
st
ep
towar
ds
the
sm
art
li
fe
po
ses
the
suc
ce
ss
ful
using
of
IoT.
Thi
s
pap
er
pr
ese
nts
a
wa
te
r
qual
ity
m
onit
or
i
ng
using
IoT
base
d
Thi
ngSpe
ak
pla
tform
that
provide
s
an
aly
t
ic
tool
s
an
d
visual
i
za
t
ion
u
sing
MA
TL
AB
progra
m
m
ing.
T
he
proposed
m
odel
is
used
t
o
te
st
wa
te
r
sa
m
ple
s
using
sensor
fusion
te
chn
ique
such
as
TDS
and
Turbi
dity
,
and
the
n
upl
oadi
ng
data
online
to
Thi
ngSpe
a
k
pla
tform
to
m
onit
or
and
a
naly
z
e.
Th
e
s
y
st
em
noti
fie
s
aut
h
orit
ie
s
when
th
er
e
are
wat
er
qual
ity
par
ameters
out
of
a
pre
de
fine
d
set
of
norm
al
val
ues.
A
w
arn
ing
wil
l
be
not
ifi
ed
to
user
b
y
IFTTT pro
toc
ol
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Ardu
i
no
IoT
Plat
fr
om
ThingS
pea
k
Water
qual
it
y
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Abbas H
us
sie
n M
iry
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Mustansiriy
ah
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
Ba
ghda
d,
Ir
a
q
.
Em
a
il
:
abb
asm
iry
83@uom
us
ta
ns
iriy
ah.
e
du.i
q
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Hu
m
an
so
ci
et
y
dev
el
opm
ent
had
gr
eat
e
f
fects
on
our
env
i
ronm
ent,
and
e
ve
ry
effor
t
has
be
en
seekin
g
to
im
pr
ove
it
s
prese
r
vation.
E
nv
i
ronm
ent
qu
al
it
y
m
on
it
or
ing
is
on
e
of
these
i
m
po
rtant
effo
r
ts
that
hav
e
al
l
ow
e
d
t
he
m
on
it
or
in
g
of
dif
fer
e
nt
physi
cal
par
am
et
ers
to
li
m
it
t
he
m
or
e
pro
gress
of
en
vir
on
m
ental
degra
dation.
C
ollec
ti
ng
e
nvir
on
m
ental
data
m
anu
al
ly
as
a
tradit
ion
al
m
on
it
or
i
ng
m
et
ho
d
is
ineff
ect
ive
,
since
of
weak
a
bili
ty
of
wa
rn
i
ng
i
n
so
m
e
env
ir
onm
enta
l
sp
eci
al
cases
su
ch
a
s
(polluti
on).
A
pe
rio
d
ag
o,
dig
it
al
inf
or
m
at
ion
re
corder
s
we
re
presente
d
to
e
nhance
acc
urac
y
of
surr
oundi
ng
e
nviro
nm
ent
m
on
it
or
in
g,
but
eve
n
this
is
sti
ll
la
cked
as
on
li
ne
data
analy
sis
[
1
]
.
I
n
t
he
la
st
ye
ars,
e
nergy
ge
ner
at
e
d
f
r
om
e
nv
iro
nm
entall
y
fr
ie
ndly
, rene
w
able, clea
n
a
nd eff
ic
ie
nt
sourc
es b
ec
om
es o
ne
of the
im
po
rtant en
gin
e
erin
g researc
h
a
rea
s
.
On
e
of
t
he
im
portant
e
nv
ir
onm
ental
m
on
ito
ri
ng
iss
ues
to
be
m
on
it
or
ed
is
water
diseas
es,
w
hich
ar
e
beco
m
ing
the
m
ai
n
chall
enge
to
ou
r
healt
h.
The
re
fore,
to
guara
ntee
be
st
water
qu
al
it
y
is
crit
ic
a
l
t
o
kee
p
a
sta
ble
li
fe
f
or
al
l.
W
at
e
r
qu
a
li
ty
is
disti
ng
ui
sh
e
d
f
r
om
it
s
a
ppr
opriat
eness
to
a
giv
e
n
a
ppli
cat
ion
based
on
it
s
bio
lo
gical
,
c
he
m
ic
al
pr
operti
es.
Water
qual
it
y
m
on
it
or
in
g
inclu
des
t
he
detect
ion
of
c
har
act
erist
ic
a
nd
their
com
par
ison
wi
th
sp
eci
fic
sta
nd
a
r
ds
an
d
pr
edef
i
ned
value
s.
W
at
er
acce
ptabili
ty
is
us
ually
determ
in
ed
by
ob
ey
in
g
t
he
in
te
nd
e
d
us
e
c
rite
ria.
F
or
m
or
e
accur
acy
an
d
reli
able
a
naly
sis,
it
is
i
m
po
r
ta
nt
to
c
ollec
t
m
or
e
sam
ples
fo
r
be
tt
er
m
on
it
or
i
ng
Ma
nu
al
te
c
hn
i
qu
e
intr
oduces
gr
eat
c
om
plexity
and
it
is
co
ns
ide
red
inef
fi
ci
ent
com
par
ing t
o r
eal
-
ti
m
e
m
on
ito
ri
ng to get
qu
i
ck war
ning i
n order
to
e
nsure
f
ast
water
poll
ution res
ponse
[1
]
.
On
li
ne
m
on
it
ori
ng
poses
c
hal
le
ng
es
for
per
s
on
w
ho
ha
ve
m
anu
al
ly
get
the
wate
r
qual
it
y
par
am
et
ers
thr
ough
sam
pli
ng
a
nd
te
sti
ng
at
the
te
sti
ng
c
enter.
IoT,
w
hi
ch
is
a
co
nn
ec
te
d
intel
li
gen
t
dev
ic
e
that
se
nse
s,
interp
rets
an
d
interact
s
with
t
he
en
vir
on
m
en
t
becau
se
of
th
e
com
bin
at
ion
of
the
In
te
rn
et
and
the
i
nteg
r
at
ed
sens
or
syst
em
.
In
the
twenty
-
first
centu
ry,
the
higher
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
and
stron
g
crit
erion
s
the
(
I
oT).
In
thi
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Water
monitori
ng an
d analyt
ic
base
d
T
hing
Speak
(
Ab
bas
H
us
sie
n Mi
ry
)
3589
netw
ork,
daily
op
e
rati
on
of
obj
ect
s
beco
m
es
par
t
of
t
he
netw
ork
du
e
to
the
co
nnect
ivit
y
and
c
ompu
ti
ng
capab
il
it
ie
s,
w
hich
i
nclu
de
th
e
dig
it
al
opera
ti
on
of
t
he
tra
ns
cei
ve
r
a
nd
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r.
T
he
netw
ork
m
od
el
cov
e
rs
high
sta
bili
ty
and
al
lo
ws
for
un
i
fied
colla
borati
on
be
tween
dif
fer
e
nt
de
vice
ty
pes
su
c
h
as
survei
ll
ance
ca
m
eras,
e
nv
ir
on
m
ental
sens
or
s
an
d
ap
plica
ti
on
s
i
n
var
i
ous
m
edical
fiel
ds
.
Be
ca
us
e
of
this
goal
,
i
nt
ern
e
t
obj
ect
s
ha
ve
de
velo
ped
e
xtra
desig
n
in
m
any
sit
es
su
ch
as
“po
ll
utio
n
m
onit
or
in
g
sys
te
m
s
”
and
“
water
qual
ity
m
anag
em
ent
syst
e
m
s
.
”
It
inc
lud
es
m
any
ch
eap
se
nsors
in
the
s
urrou
nd,
tho
se
s
upport
the
public
vi
a
ne
w
qu
al
it
y
m
on
it
or
in
g
se
rv
ic
es
a
nd
fee
dback
re
port
wit
hout
a
ny
bur
de
n
at
a
nytim
e
and
a
ny
wh
e
re.
Also
it
can
be
consi
der
e
d
as
exp
li
ci
t
ly
adv
a
nce
as
a
qu
al
i
ty
of
hu
m
an
li
fe
[2
]
.
S.
Ge
et
ha
and
S
.
G
ou
t
ham
i
[3
]
,
presen
t
a
sim
pler
so
lut
ion
t
o
water
qual
it
y
m
on
it
or
i
ng
in
pip
e
s
ba
s
ed
on
I
oT.
T
he
de
velo
ped
m
od
el
wa
s
use
d
to
te
st
water
sam
ples
then
uploa
d
t
his
data
onli
ne
to
be
a
naly
zed.
T
heir
sy
st
e
m
pr
ovides
a
warnin
g
al
a
r
m
fo
r
the
rem
ote
co
ntr
ol
us
e
r,
w
he
n
the
re
a
re
qual
it
y
of
wate
r
par
am
et
ers
de
viati
on
f
ro
m
a
prede
fine
d
s
et
of
sta
nd
a
rd
val
ue
s.
T
he
data
t
ha
t
is
sent
f
rom
this
syst
e
m
was
up
l
oa
ded
in
the
cl
oud
"Ub
i
do
ts"
t
hat
offers
a
platfo
rm
fo
r
us
er
t
o
capt
ur
e
data
an
d
co
nv
ert
it
to
us
ef
ul
inf
or
m
at
ion
.
M.
Param
eswar
i
an
d
M.
Mos
es
[2
]
,
us
e
a
qu
a
ca
re
Io
T
t
o
m
on
it
or
the
qu
al
it
y
of
water
.
T
he
inf
or
m
at
ion
col
le
ct
ed
from
the
sens
or
syst
e
m
was
log
ic
al
ly
i
m
ple
m
ented
acr
oss
the
netw
ork
.
They
de
velo
pe
d
t
hi
s
syst
em
basi
ng
on
an
em
bed
de
d
sy
stem
,
log
ic
al
address
and
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
ap
plica
ti
on
f
ro
m
In
te
r
net
obj
ect
s.
P.
Bok
in
gk
it
o
and
O.
Lla
ntos
b
[4
]
,
wer
e
devel
ope
d
a
real
-
ti
m
e
s
yst
e
m
to
m
on
i
tor
wate
r
te
m
p
eratur
e
on
a
m
ob
il
e
that
is
capab
le
of
reducin
g
dep
e
ndence
on
the
c
ontro
l
sit
e
wo
r
kfor
ce
t
o
re
du
ce
costs
a
n
d
evaluate
fish
fa
rm
ing
syst
e
m
.
The
im
ple
m
en
ta
ti
on
of
t
he
syst
e
m
le
d
to
m
on
it
or
the
w
at
er
tem
per
at
ure
fro
m
the
m
ai
n
co
ntro
l
un
i
t
on
li
ne.
It
al
so
pro
vid
e
s
the
syst
e
m
a
nd
disp
la
ys
inf
or
m
at
ion
that
inclu
des
sta
ti
cal
ly
value
resu
lt
s.
Chen
a
nd
H
an
[
5],
at
the
Brist
ol
port,
they
us
e
d
dif
fer
e
nt
pa
r
a
m
et
er
to
m
on
it
or
water
qu
al
it
y
,
wh
ic
h
has
su
ccessf
ully
pro
ved
the
feasibil
it
y,
gathe
r
water
qual
it
y
data
on
li
ne
an
d
disp
la
y
on
the
I
nter
net
.
They
us
ed
a
nothe
r
m
et
ho
d
that
is
base
d
on
im
age
processi
ng
f
or
water
qual
it
y
m
on
it
or
in
g.
Stat
ic
al
ly
m
o
dels
an
d
m
achine
le
arn
i
ng
use
d
t
o
decide
t
he
qua
li
ty
par
a
m
et
ers
of
water
f
or
i
nput
im
age
vid
eo
.
K
.
Sa
ravanan
et
.
al
,
[
6]
,
pro
pose
(
SC
ADA)
syst
e
m
wh
ic
h
integ
rates
wit
h
(
I
oT)
to
m
on
i
tor
water
qu
al
it
y
in
real
ti
m
e.
It
was
ai
m
to
identify
wate
r
po
ll
utio
n,
le
a
ka
ge
in
the
pip
e
li
ne,
as
well
as
autom
at
ic
m
e
asur
em
ent
of
pa
ram
et
ers
su
ch
as
flow,
te
m
p
eratur
e
and col
or sens
or
s
in o
nline
w
it
h
Atm
ega 36
8
a
nd GSM
M
odule.
The
syst
e
m
w
as im
ple
m
ented
at
Tir
unel
veli.
The
ai
m
of
this
pap
e
r
is
to
pro
po
s
e
an
ef
fecti
ve
onli
ne
wate
r
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
e
m
in
real
-
ti
m
e
that
can
help
healt
h
m
on
it
ors
t
o
im
p
rove
the
m
on
it
or
in
g
op
e
rati
on.
I
n
ge
ner
al
,
the
syst
em
pro
vid
es
i
nform
at
ion
includi
ng
nor
m
al
,
m
axi
m
u
m
,
m
ini
m
u
m
and
ave
ra
ge
sta
ti
sti
cal
values
f
or
dif
fere
nt
water
cha
racteri
sti
cs,
al
s
o
com
par
es
bet
w
een
diff
e
re
nt
sit
es
an
d
di
ff
e
re
nt
days
f
or
sa
m
e
ci
ty
,
resu
lt
s
obta
ine
d
f
rom
colle
c
te
d
se
ns
or
t
hat
pro
vid
e
decisi
on
s
upport
to
help
an
d
gu
ide
people
in
the
ci
ty
to
avo
i
d
wate
r
us
a
ge
for
dri
nk
i
ng.
Fu
rt
her,
the
sy
stem
can
dis
pl
ay
the
wate
r
c
har
act
erist
ic
s
t
hat
are
co
ntin
uous
ly
m
on
it
ore
d
on
li
ne
di
rectl
y
on
sm
art p
hone.
2.
INTER
NET
OF THI
NGS (
I
o
T)
Io
T
is
a
m
od
e
rn
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
m
od
el
in
the
near
f
utur
e
in
wh
ic
h
da
il
y
li
fe
ob
j
ect
s
wh
ic
h
a
re
pro
vid
e
d
with
m
ic
ro
con
tr
ollers,
di
gital
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
transm
it
te
rs
and
recei
ver
s
,
are
co
ntr
olled
via
appr
opriat
e
protoc
ols
m
aking
a
kind
of
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
ne
twork
with
each
oth
e
r
an
d
with
us
e
rs,
a
nd
that
is
go
i
ng
to
m
ake
it
as
an
i
ntegr
a
l
par
t
of
th
e
I
nt
ern
et
.
T
he
I
oT
co
ncep
t
ai
m
s
to
m
ake
the
I
nt
ern
et
m
or
e
fa
m
ou
s.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
by
m
aking
easy
interact
ion
wi
th
a
wide
ra
nge
of
dev
ic
es
s
uch
a
s,
hom
e
app
li
cat
io
n,
C
CTV,
su
r
veill
ance
se
ns
ors,
e
ngines
,
m
on
it
or
s
,
ve
hi
cl
es,
et
c.
[7,
8]
.
The
I
oT
m
od
el
is
tr
uly
app
li
cable
i
n
di
ff
e
ren
t
areas
(
ho
m
e,
industrial
aut
om
at
ion
,
m
edic
al
assist
ance,
m
ob
il
e
healt
h
care,
el
de
rly
assist
ance,
sm
art
power
m
anag
em
ent,
intel
li
gen
t
networks,
cars
a
nd
m
or
e)
[
9].
At
pr
ese
nt,
this
concept
is
increasin
gly
bein
g
exp
la
ine
d
as
th
e
env
ir
o
nm
ent
of
interc
onnect
ed
pe
op
le
with
obj
ect
s,
not
only
M2M,
the
Io
T
is
ab
ou
t
hum
an
and m
achine c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
base
d
c
omm
on
servic
es
.
This
ty
pe
of
ne
twork
c
onsist
s
of
sm
art
devi
ces,
sta
nd
-
al
one
de
vices
tha
t
are
able
to
m
on
it
or
thei
r
su
r
rou
nd
i
ngs
or
interact
w
it
h
them
.
Moreo
ve
r,
"sm
art"
te
r
m
m
eans
that
these
obj
ect
s
are
c
apab
le
of
ob
ta
i
ni
ng
data
from
the
su
r
rou
nd
i
ng
e
nvir
on
m
ent,
then
process
them
and
com
m
un
ic
at
e
(sh
are
)
the
m
with
oth
er
obj
ect
s
,
and
i
nteract
ind
e
pe
nd
e
ntly
with
the
e
nv
ir
on
m
ent
that
reli
es
on
data
that
exp
l
oits
em
bed
ded
el
ect
ronic
s
,
so
ft
war
e
se
ns
ors,
an
d
act
uat
or
s
,
an
d
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
capab
il
it
ie
s.
In
a
no
t
her
w
ords
,
these
s
m
art
obj
ect
s,
that are d
ist
ri
bute
d
in t
he
surr
oundin
g
en
vir
onm
ent an
d
inte
gr
at
e
d
into
different c
on
te
xts, c
an
great
ly
i
m
pro
ve
peo
ple inte
racti
on
with t
heir
e
nv
i
ronm
ent, crea
ti
ng
a
pp
li
cat
ion
s
a
nd servic
es in a
ny
par
t
[
10, 1
1].
Du
e
t
o
the
wi
des
pr
ea
d
of
I
oT
,
m
any
platfor
m
s
hav
e
bee
n
dev
el
op
e
d
to
li
nk
hete
roge
ne
ous
obj
ect
s
ov
e
r
the
In
te
rnet
. th
e pro
vid
e
r
o
f Io
T
so
l
utio
ns
for
dif
fer
e
nt
s
m
art thing
s
from
m
any
m
anu
fact
ur
e
rs
is di
ff
ic
ult
du
e
to
t
he
la
c
k
of
sta
ndar
ds
su
c
h
as
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
pr
oto
c
ols
a
nd
in
te
rconn
ect
io
n.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
it
ha
s
bee
n
pro
po
se
d
a
ne
w
dev
el
opm
ent
m
od
el
that
de
pends
on
t
he
cl
oud
us
e
r
i
nt
erf
ace.
The
re
are
m
any
platf
or
m
s
de
vel
op
e
d
for
the
business
com
m
un
it
ie
s
s
uch
as
Xively
,
w
hich
al
lo
w
com
pan
ie
s
to
ta
ke
ad
van
ta
ge
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
35
88
-
3595
3590
the
In
te
r
net
f
eat
ur
es
to
sec
ur
el
y
co
nn
ect
their
product
s
with
their
us
ers
,
m
anag
e
their
data
im
pr
ov
e
the
sat
isfact
io
n
of
pa
rtners
a
nd
cust
om
ers,
and
m
ake
new
source
of
revenu
e
.
Ma
ny
ot
her
sourc
es,
s
uch
a
s
ThingS
pea
k,
a
ll
ow
us
e
r
to
m
anag
e
data
i
n
dif
fer
e
nt
for
m
at
s
and
sh
ar
e
their
data
from
diff
eren
t
so
urces
[12,
13]
.
It
is
an
op
e
n
-
sour
ce
data
platform
based
on
cl
oud
te
ch
no
l
ogy
.I
t
al
lows
onli
ne
data
gat
her
i
ng,
MATLAB
an
al
ysi
s
and
act
ivati
on
us
i
ng
an
op
e
n
API.
W
it
h
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
a
nd
ext
ensio
ns
,
m
on
it
or
in
g,
MATLAB
vis
ualiz
at
ion
,
store
data,
a
nd
inte
gr
at
e
t
he
use
r
data
with
a
va
r
ie
ty
of
thir
d
pa
rty
platfo
rm
s,
inclu
de
le
ading
IoT
pl
at
fo
rm
s
su
ch
a
s
(Arduin
o,
i
oB
rid
ge,
T
wili
o,
Twitt
er,
T
hing
HTTP
a
nd
MATL
AB).
Sensor
data
are
gathe
re
d
in
each
cha
nn
el
con
ta
ini
ng
8
fi
el
ds
that
can
hold
di
ff
e
ren
t
ty
pe
of
data,
on
e
sta
tus
fiel
d
an
d
thre
e
sit
e
fiel
ds
.
Vari
ou
s
a
ppli
cat
ion
s
s
uc
h
as
Ti
m
eC
on
trol
(pe
rfor
m
act
ion
s
autom
at
ic
ally
at
pr
eset
ti
m
es
us
in
g
the
Thi
ngSp
ea
k
ap
plica
ti
on),
Tw
eet
Co
ntr
ol
(list
ening
t
o
T
witt
erv
er
se
an
d
real
-
ti
m
e
inter
act
ion),
Re
act
(r
eact
s
wh
e
n
c
ha
nn
el
data is c
om
patib
le
w
it
h s
om
e
conditi
ons), Ta
lkBac
k
Re
act
io
n
m
easur
es,
[1
4].
3.
METHO
DOL
OGY
The
water
qu
al
it
y
pr
oble
m
ca
n
be
analy
ze
d
in
real
ti
m
e
mainly
us
in
g
data
analy
sis
te
ch
niques
s
uc
h
as
MATL
AB
in
Thi
ngSp
e
ak
platfo
rm
.
To
analy
ze
diff
e
re
nt
water
qual
it
y
par
am
et
ers,
the
data
is
con
ti
nu
ou
sly
colle
ct
ed
us
in
g
sensors
that
c
onnected
t
o
Ardu
i
no,
a
nd
the
n
uploa
d
them
to
the
ThingS
peak
for
m
on
it
or
i
ng
and
a
naly
sis
pu
r
poses.
T
hing
Sp
ea
k
co
ntinuou
sly
rea
ds
the
up
loa
de
d
data
and
pe
rfor
m
a
custom
able
st
at
ist
ic
s
by
us
i
ng
M
A
TLAB
c
od
e
s
uch
cal
c
ulate
s
aver
a
ge,
m
ini
m
u
m
and
m
axim
u
m
value
for
ente
red
data,
com
par
ison
be
tween
diff
e
re
nt
ci
ti
es
or
betw
een
di
ff
e
ren
t
ti
m
e
fo
r
sam
e
city,
et
c.
the
res
ult
art
can
be
vi
ewe
d
with
diff
e
re
nt for
m
su
ch
b
a
r
c
har
t,
h
ist
og
ram
, cag
e
, etc.
The
ste
ps
of ou
r
m
et
ho
d
is
sum
m
arized as:
Re
ad
the
w
at
e
r
quali
ty
v
al
ues on
li
ne
usi
ng, T
urbid
it
y an
d T
DS
se
nsor
Up
l
oad
the
dat
a to T
hingS
pea
k plat
form
An
al
yz
e the
str
ea
m
d
at
a colle
ct
ed
usi
ng
different c
odes
of
MATLAB
Finall
y display
the
resu
lt
s
of the a
naly
sis i
n Thin
gSpea
k
M
ATL
AB
4.
SY
STE
M AR
TCHITE
CT
U
RE LA
YER
S
Desig
n
the
la
ye
red
str
uctu
re o
f
a
gl
obal
network,
w
hich
in
cl
ud
es h
et
er
ogeneous n
et
w
orks,
is
a
m
ajor
chall
enge
m
iss
ion
t
hat
re
quir
es
the
i
den
ti
fic
at
ion
a
nd
ef
fec
ti
ven
ess
of
a
si
m
il
ar
gr
ou
p
functi
on
an
d
el
e
m
ents
of
netw
orks
as
a
cl
ass.
T
he
pro
posed
I
oT
w
at
er
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
em
layers
fr
am
ework
c
on
sist
s
of
f
our
la
ye
rs,
It
is
the
Pe
rce
ption
la
ye
r
(
D
evices
a
nd
sen
so
r
in
ph
ysi
cal
w
or
ld
),
t
he
N
et
work
la
ye
r
(
Ether
net
s
hield
a
nd
router
),
the
S
erv
ic
e
Ma
nage
m
ent
la
ye
r
(
Ma
ng
e
t
he
c
ol
le
ct
ed
inf
or
m
at
ion
)
,
an
d
t
he
A
pp
li
cat
ion
la
ye
r
(U
se
r
i
nterf
ace
).
Eac
h
la
ye
r
bel
ow
is
d
esc
rib
ed
as:
4.1.
Perce
pt
io
n l
ayer
This
la
ye
r
c
onta
ins
of
s
ome
cl
os
el
y
inte
gr
at
e
d
se
nsors
that
are
inte
gr
at
e
d
with
t
he
ph
ysi
cal
env
i
ronm
ent.
Sensor
m
odules
are
com
pact
dev
ic
es
us
e
d
f
or
physi
cal
m
on
it
ori
ng
c
ondi
ti
on
or
chem
i
stry
of
the
sens
or
obje
ct
in
real
tim
e
[15],
The
prim
ary
resp
onsi
bili
ty
of
the
la
ye
r
is
to
gathe
r
inf
or
m
at
ion
about
the
water
qual
it
y,
and
the
de
vices.
T
he
la
ye
r
is
al
so
res
pons
i
ble
for
da
ta
transfo
rm
a
ti
on
an
d
tra
nsport
of
the
awar
e
d
at
a
to
the
Network
la
ye
r,
al
so
colle
ct
and
dis
ti
ng
uis
h
inf
orm
at
ion
captur
e
d
in
a
cost
-
ef
f
ect
ive
m
ann
er
[16
]
.
Di
ff
ere
nt se
nsors
are use
d
in
s
uc
h:
Turbidity
Se
nsor:
T
he
tu
r
bid
i
ty
can
be
def
i
ne
d
as
reducin
g
the
tra
ns
pa
re
nc
y
of
t
he
wate
r
cause
d
by
the
pr
e
sence
of
an
unres
olv
e
d
su
s
pe
nded
s
ub
sta
nce.
T
he
or
i
gin
of
m
olecules
f
ound
in
water
can
be
m
inerals
or
org
anic.
H
oweve
r,
tu
rb
i
dity
is
not
a
direc
t
m
easur
e
of
s
us
pe
nde
d
par
ti
cl
es
in
water,
bu
t
it
is
a
m
easur
e
of
the
eff
ect
of
sc
at
te
ring
of
the
li
gh
t.
T
his
sen
so
r
m
easur
es
t
he
am
ou
nt
of
li
gh
t
dif
f
us
ed
by
su
sp
e
nded
s
ol
ids
in
water.
As
the
a
m
ou
nt
of
s
uspen
de
d
s
olids
increase
s
in
wa
te
r,
the
water
t
urbidity
le
vel
increase
s.
T
he
un
it
of
tur
bid
it
y i
s N
T
U
(
Ne
p
he
lom
e
tric
Turb
i
dity
U
nits)
[1
7,
18]
.
TDS
Se
nsor:
TDS
(To
ta
l
Di
s
so
lve
d
S
olids
)
refe
rs
to
t
he
nu
m
ber
of
m
illi
gr
am
s
of
so
l
ub
le
s
olids
in
on
e
wate
r
li
te
r.
I
n
gen
e
ral,
t
he
high
val
ue
of
the
T
DS
ref
e
rs
to
t
he
m
or
e
s
ol
ub
le
s
olids
we
re
in
the
water
,
an
d
the
water
was
le
ss
cl
ean.
Hen
ce,
the
TD
S
value
can
be
use
d
as
a
m
eas
ur
e
o
f
water
cl
eanli
ness.
T
DS
pen
is
widely
us
e
d
for
m
easur
ing
th
e
value
of
TD
S,
but
it
is
un
able
to
trans
fer
data
to
the
co
nt
ro
l
syst
e
m
fo
r
real
tim
e
m
on
it
or
ing
to
co
nduct
s
om
e
water
qu
a
li
ty
analy
s
is.
The
TD
S
sens
or
kit
is
hig
hly
accurate
an
d
ca
n
sen
d
data
to
the
co
ntr
ol
syst
e
m
.
It
com
patible
with
A
rduin
o,
plu
g
a
nd
pla
y,
easy
to
us
e.
TDS
un
it
is
pp
m
(p
a
rts
per
m
il
lio
n)
[17].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Water
monitori
ng an
d analyt
ic
base
d
T
hing
Speak
(
Ab
bas
H
us
sie
n Mi
ry
)
3591
4.2.
Net
w
or
k l
ay
er
The
netw
ork
l
ay
er
transf
e
rs
the
data
betwee
n
the
de
vice
and
the
m
any
layers
to
achieve
the
sh
arin
g
of
data
res
our
ces,
inclu
ding
data
pac
ket
r
outi
ng
an
d
syst
e
m
top
ol
og
y.
This
la
ye
r
cl
as
sifie
s
an
d
ag
gr
egates
the sig
nal
data
gathe
red an
d
t
r
ansf
e
rs
it
to
the
ser
ver
s
[1
5].
4.3.
Service m
ana
gemen
t
la
yer
This
is
the
m
i
nd
of
I
oT
w
hi
ch
is
respo
ns
i
ble
f
or
sto
rin
g
the
in
form
at
i
on
f
ro
m
bo
tt
om
la
ye
rs
and,
process
it
wit
h
a
naly
zi
ng
,a
nd
m
aking
de
ci
sion
s
base
d
on
ou
r
a
naly
sis.
It
c
onside
r
s
as
a
n
i
nform
at
ion
m
anag
em
ent
c
enter
w
he
re
pr
ocessin
g
a
nd
a
naly
sis
te
chnolog
ie
s
a
nd
t
he
exp
e
rt
syst
em
are
key
ope
rati
on
a
l
com
po
ne
nts [1
2].
4.4.
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n la
yer
This
la
ye
r
re
presents
the
sm
a
rt
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
The
m
ai
n
fu
nc
ti
on
of
this
la
ye
r
is
prov
i
ding
intel
li
gent
serv
ic
es
to
e
nd
us
ers
s
uch
as
inf
or
m
at
ion
visu
al
iz
at
ion
an
d
s
m
art
no
ti
ficat
ion
base
d
on
intel
li
gen
t
an
d
nette
r
analy
sis
of
in
f
or
m
at
ion
proc
essed
by
the
s
erv
ic
e
la
ye
r.
T
hingS
peak
pro
vid
e
m
or
e
appl
ic
at
ion
in
this
la
ye
r
su
c
h
A
naly
ti
cs (
a
naly
sis an
d visuali
zat
ion )
and A
ct
io
n (T
hi
ng
T
weet
,
Re
a
ct
an
d T
hingHT
TP).
5.
SY
STE
M
I
M
PLE
MENT
A
TION
Im
ple
m
entation
of
our
m
et
ho
d
ca
n
be
div
i
ded
i
nto
tw
o
m
ai
n
par
ts:
ha
rdwar
e
im
plem
entat
ion
an
d
so
ft
war
e
.
The
hard
war
e
in
cl
ud
e
m
ic
ro
con
t
ro
ll
er,
t
urb
idit
y
and
T
D
S
sens
ors,
a
nd
Ether
net
sh
ie
ld
.
The
m
ic
ro
co
nt
ro
ll
er
p
ro
ces
se
s
the
data
ca
ptured
by
t
he
tur
bid
it
y
an
d
TD
S
se
nsor
then
sen
ds
t
he
data
ThingS
pea
k
Pl
at
fo
rm
us
in
g
t
he
Ethe
r
net
shi
el
d.
A
rduin
o
Uno
is
us
e
d
a
s
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
ol
le
r.
Fig
ure
1,
sh
ow
the
ha
rdwa
re
c
om
po
ne
nt
of
t
he
our
syst
em
.
Ba
sic
al
ly
,
the
hard
war
e
was
pro
g
ram
m
ed
by
us
in
g
A
r
du
i
no
I
DE
so
ft
war
e
,
w
riti
ng
the
co
de
a
nd
up
l
oad
i
ng
i
t
to
the
Ar
dui
no
bo
a
r
d.
I
n
so
ft
war
e
pa
rt
the
colle
ct
ed
da
ta
are
ob
ta
ine
d
f
ro
m
the
hardw
a
re
pa
rt
are
up
l
oad
e
d
in
database
on
li
ne
throu
gh
Thing
peak
platfo
rm
.
It
can
up
loa
d
the
data
t
o
the
cl
oud
from
any
dev
ic
e
t
hat
s
upports
t
he
I
nt
ern
et
.
I
n
our
work
the
ne
w
channel
is
c
rea
te
d
in
ThingS
pea
k plat
fo
rm
as sho
w
n
in
Fig
ure
2.
Figure
1. Im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
t
he pr
opos
e
d sy
stem
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, No
.
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,
A
ugus
t
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3592
Fig
ure
2.
Thi
ngS
peak cha
nne
l of p
rop
os
e
d
s
yst
e
m
6.
RESU
LT
S
The
res
ult
of
our
wor
k
is
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
c
ur
ve
that
ge
ner
a
te
d
by
Thi
ngSp
ea
k
for
the
pur
pose
of
m
on
it
or
ing.
Di
ff
e
ren
t
c
urve
a
re
use
d
t
o
m
on
it
or
t
he
water
co
nd
it
io
n
s
uc
h
T
DS
a
nd
tu
r
bid
it
y
for
dif
f
eren
t
places an
d d
if
f
eren
t
days fo
r on
e
p
la
ce t
o
co
m
par
ison
. T
he
r
e are ca
ge
m
eter
s is
us
ed
to v
ie
w
the c
urre
nt w
at
er
par
am
et
er v
al
ue
. F
ig
ure
3,
s
hows
the
TDS
f
or d
if
fer
e
nt
pla
ces.
Figure
3. TD
S
m
on
it
or
ing
f
or
diff
e
re
nt p
la
ce
s
Now
a
ThingS
peak
visu
al
iz
at
ion
ap
plica
ti
on
is
create
d
wit
h
MATL
AB
cod
i
ng
to
com
pa
re
the
TD
S
and
tu
rb
i
dity
between
the
pla
ces
fo
r
sam
e
day,
as
sh
own
in
Fig
ur
e
4
.
Th
e
TDS
an
d
tur
bid
it
y
com
par
ison
for
sam
e
place
wi
th
dif
fer
e
nt
da
ys
is
per
f
or
m
ed,
as
s
how
n
i
n
Fig
ure
5.
T
o
anal
yz
e
the
water
qu
al
it
y
a
new
visu
al
iz
at
ion
is
create
d
that
use
the
m
ean
value
f
or
T
DS
a
nd
t
urbidity
of
la
st
five
sens
ors
val
ue
an
d
de
ci
des
the
water
is
dr
ink
a
ble
or
no
w.
Fig
ure
6,
s
hows
this
visua
li
zat
ion
.
T
hingVie
w
is
a
sm
art
ph
on
e
a
pp
l
ic
at
ion
us
es
a
gr
a
ph
ic
al
form
at
to
see
sens
or
data
store
d
in
Thi
ngSp
ea
k.
It
le
ts
you
see
T
hin
gSpea
k
c
ha
nnel
s
in
an
easy
way
by
entering
t
he
channel
I
D.
Fig
ure
7,
sho
ws
this
ap
plica
ti
on
in
ou
r
w
ork.
All
the
cu
rv
es
a
re
consi
der
e
d
as
m
on
it
or
ing, to m
ake th
e syst
em
w
ork
as sm
a
rt,
al
ert syst
e
m
d
iffe
ren
t ap
plica
ti
on
is us
ed
. I
n
this
work
it
re
qu
ire
d
to
react
to
th
e
TDS
val
ue
of
the
water
,
s
o
we
will
sen
d
an
em
ai
l
wh
en
the
value
is
great
er
than
30
0
ppm
.
To
do
so
,
we
need
T
hingS
pe
ak
ser
vices,
Thing
HTTP
a
nd
T
hingS
pea
k
Re
act
,
al
so
IF
TTT
Applet
.
IF
T
TT
is
a
W
eb
ser
vi
ce
that
al
lows
you
to
create
sm
a
ll
app
li
cat
i
on
s
th
at
work
in
respo
ns
e
to
oth
e
r
act
ion
s.
It
can
us
e
the
IF
T
TT
Webh
ooks
se
r
vice
to
create
Web
requests
to
trig
ger
an
act
ion
su
c
h
SMS
,
e
m
ail
m
essage,
et
c.
The
inc
om
ing
act
ion
is
an
H
TTP
re
qu
e
st
to
the
web
se
rver
,
an
d
the
outg
oi
ng
act
io
n
is
an
e
-
m
a
il
m
essage.
At f
ir
st IFTTT
ap
plet i
s cr
eat
ed
as s
how
n
in Fig
ure
8
,
to
act
ivate
t
he
eve
nt o
n
I
F
TTT Th
in
gHT
TP is
us
e
d
with
URL
o
f IFTT
T appl
et
. W
e no
w
ne
ed
an
a
ppli
cat
ion
t
hat interact
s w
it
h ou
r
rea
di
ng
se
nsor valu
e and
runs
the
Thi
ngHTTP
a
pp
li
cat
ion
.
T
his
can
be
done
in
T
hin
gSpea
k
us
i
ng
the
Re
act
app
li
cat
ion
as
sh
own
i
n
Figure
9.
T
he
syst
e
m
can
be
i
m
pr
oved
usi
ng
s
war
m
op
t
i
m
iz
ation
te
ch
inques
as
in
[
19,
20
]
,
f
uzzy
log
ic
con
t
ro
l as
in [
21]
, Arti
f
ic
al
I
nt
el
lgent as i
n [22
,
23
]
an
d usin
g wirele
ss se
snor
n
et
wok
as
[24,
25
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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t J
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om
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g
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Water
monitori
ng an
d analyt
ic
base
d
T
hing
Speak
(
Ab
bas
H
us
sie
n Mi
ry
)
3593
Figure
4
.
TD
S
and T
urbidity
com
par
ison f
or d
if
fer
e
nt
places
Figure
5. TD
S
and T
urbidity
com
par
ison f
or d
if
fer
e
nt
days
Figure
6.
W
at
e
r
sta
te
d
eci
si
on
Figure
7.
Thi
ngvie
w
a
pp
li
cat
ion
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t J
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C
om
p
En
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V
ol.
10
, No
.
4
,
A
ugus
t
2020
:
35
88
-
3595
3594
Fig
ure
8. IFTT
T apple
t
Figure
9. Thi
ngH
TTP a
nd Re
act
ap
plica
ti
on
s sett
ing
7.
CONCL
US
I
O
NS
The
pap
e
r
ai
m
s
to
i
m
pr
ove
a
n
intel
li
gen
t
m
on
it
ori
ng
syst
e
m
of
water
qu
al
it
y
fo
r
dif
fere
nt
places.
The
pro
pose
d
syst
e
m
was
su
ccess
fu
ll
y
im
ple
m
ented
in
ha
rdwar
e
a
nd
program
m
ed
us
i
ng
T
hingS
peak
platfo
rm
.
The
syst
e
m
can
be
m
on
it
or
ed
t
hro
ugh
PC
an
d
s
m
art
phone
a
ppli
cat
ion
with
a
sm
art
al
ert
t
hro
ugh
ThingS
pea
k
ac
ti
on
a
pp
li
cat
io
n
an
d
IF
TT
T.
I
t
prov
i
des
qu
ic
k
an
d
easy
m
on
it
or
i
ng
of
tu
r
bid
it
y
an
d
T
D
S
le
vel
to
e
ns
ure
cl
ea
n
water
is
m
a
intai
ned
co
ntinuo
us
ly
.
T
hingS
peak
has
prov
i
ded
a
su
it
a
ble
env
ir
onm
e
nt
f
or
analy
zi
ng
a
nd
com
par
ing
the
sens
or
data
a
s
obser
ve
d
in
gr
a
phic
s
an
d
s
m
art
al
erts.
Ba
sed
on
the
sp
e
ci
fie
d
values
,
the
rea
ct
app
li
cat
ion
inf
or
m
s
the
use
r
th
rou
gh
em
ai
l
m
essage.
Accor
ding
to
t
he
ob
ta
ine
d
re
su
lt
s,
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
yst
e
m
can
be
c
on
si
ders
as
su
i
ta
ble
water
qu
al
it
y
m
on
it
or
in
g
syst
em
.
It
can
be
us
e
d
this
syst
e
m
to anothe
r
a
ppli
cat
ion
in
h
eal
t
hcar
e
and a
nother
syst
em
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
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g
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20
88
-
8708
Water
monitori
ng an
d analyt
ic
base
d
T
hing
Speak
(
Ab
bas
H
us
sie
n Mi
ry
)
3595
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
aut
hors
w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
th
ank
M
us
ta
ns
iri
ya
h
Un
i
ver
sit
y
(
w
ww
.
uom
us
ta
ns
iri
ya
h.
e
du.i
q
)
Ba
gh
dad
–
I
raq f
or it
s suppo
rt in
t
he pre
sent
work.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
M.
Pule,
A.
Y
ah
y
a
and
J.
Chum
a
,
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ire
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ess
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A
Surve
y
on
Monit
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at
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ie
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epor
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l
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base
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empera
t
ure
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ng
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em
,
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d
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Y.
Chen
and
D.
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a
te
r
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ual
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tori
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art
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ity:
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n
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[6]
K.
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v
ana
n,
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.
Anus
u
y
a
,
R
.
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m
ar
and
L
.
Son
,
"Rea
l
-
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ime
W
ater
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ity
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t
oring
using I
n
te
r
net
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Thi
ngs
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AD
A
,
"
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ironmental
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[7]
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ne
ll
a
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el
l
ani
,
L.
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li
sta
an
d
M.Z
orz
i
,
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of
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ngs
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r
Sm
art
Cit
ie
s,"
IEE
E
Int
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