I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
9
,
p
p
.
941
~
9
4
9
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
9
i
2
.
pp
941
-
9
4
9
941
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Rea
l t
i
m
e
contro
l
a
nd
m
o
ni
toring
of grid po
w
er sy
stem
s usi
ng
clo
ud co
m
puting
Na
chi
k
et
K
ul
k
a
rni
1
,
S.
V.
N.
L
.
L
a
litha
2
,
Sa
nja
y
A.
Deo
ka
r
3
1
Ko
n
e
ru
L
a
k
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
V
a
d
d
e
sw
a
ra
m
,
G
u
n
tu
r
,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
In
d
ia
2
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
Ko
n
e
ru
L
a
k
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
I
n
d
ia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
17
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
Oct
3
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
No
v
2
,
2
0
1
8
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
g
rid
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
v
a
rio
u
s
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
lay
e
r
s
c
a
ll
e
d
a
s
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
s
y
ste
m
s.
Th
e
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
o
f
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
su
p
p
re
ss
e
d
th
e
p
ro
b
lem
s
f
a
c
e
d
b
y
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
g
rid
sy
ste
m
s
su
c
h
a
s
in
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
t
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
im
p
ro
p
e
r
c
o
n
tro
l
a
c
ti
o
n
s,
g
rid
f
a
u
lt
s,
h
u
m
a
n
e
rro
rs,
e
tc.
T
h
e
re
c
e
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
s
m
a
rt
g
r
id
p
ro
v
id
e
s
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
th
e
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
o
f
g
ri
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
b
id
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r,
th
e
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
is
y
e
t
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
re
g
a
rd
in
g
e
ff
ici
e
n
c
y
,
e
n
e
rg
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
re
li
a
b
il
i
ty
,
a
n
d
c
o
st
-
e
f
fe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
b
y
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
it
s
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
.
In
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
w
e
p
re
se
n
t
th
e
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
e
ff
icie
n
t
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
rid
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
tem
u
sin
g
th
e
re
m
o
te
c
lo
u
d
se
rv
e
r.
W
e
u
ti
li
z
e
d
t
h
e
re
m
o
te
c
lo
u
d
se
rv
e
r
to
f
e
tch
,
m
o
n
it
o
r
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
t
h
e
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
d
a
ta
to
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
u
n
iv
e
rsa
l
c
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
ti
m
e
.
Th
e
p
ro
p
e
r
h
a
rd
w
a
re
p
a
n
e
l
d
e
sig
n
e
d
a
n
d
f
a
b
rica
ted
to
e
sta
b
li
sh
th
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
w
it
h
th
e
g
rid
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
re
m
o
te
c
lo
u
d
u
se
rs.
T
h
e
a
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ted
c
lo
u
d
u
s
e
rs are
p
ro
v
isio
n
e
d
to
a
c
c
e
ss
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
th
e
g
rid
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
f
ro
m
a
n
y
w
h
e
re
se
c
u
re
l
y
.
F
o
r
th
e
u
se
r
a
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ti
o
n
,
w
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
t
h
e
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
to
se
c
u
re
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lete
s
m
a
rt
g
r
id
sy
ste
m
.
F
in
a
ll
y
,
we
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
th
e
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
th
e
g
rid
p
o
we
r
m
e
th
o
d
w
it
h
th
e
u
se
o
f
stru
c
tu
re
o
f
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
E
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Gr
id
s
y
s
te
m
HM
I
P
L
C
R
ea
l ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
S
m
ar
t
g
r
id
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Na
ch
i
k
et
k
ulk
a
r
ni
Nac
h
i
k
et
Ku
lk
ar
n
i
,
Ko
n
er
u
L
ak
s
h
m
aia
h
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Fo
u
n
d
atio
n
,
Vad
d
es
w
ar
a
m
,
Gu
n
t
u
r
,
An
d
h
r
a
P
r
ad
esh
,
I
n
d
ia
–
5
2
2
5
0
2
.
E
m
ail:
k
n
ac
h
i
k
et6
2
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
t
h
er
e
is
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
w
it
h
th
e
ai
m
o
f
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t,
ef
f
icie
n
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
i
s
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
v
ar
io
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical,
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
as
w
ell
as
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
&
th
e
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
(
I
C
T
)
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
r
eliab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
i
n
I
C
T
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
h
elp
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
an
d
m
atc
h
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
it
h
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
l
o
ad
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
o
tel
y
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
d
eli
v
er
ed
th
e
s
el
f
-
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
s
el
f
-
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
,
an
d
s
elf
-
h
ea
li
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
,
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
en
er
g
y
,
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
[
2
]
.
As
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
it
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
a
n
a
g
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
in
r
eli
ab
le,
ef
f
icie
n
t,
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
ten
d
t
h
eir
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
all
t
h
e
d
ata
o
v
er
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
d
is
tr
i
b
u
ted
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
r
ec
en
tl
y
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
ie
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
in
to
t
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
s
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
r
e
m
o
tel
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
9
:
9
4
1
-
9
4
9
942
s
to
r
e,
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
y
d
ata
f
r
o
m
an
y
p
lace
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
p
lay
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
n
e
x
t
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
m
et
h
o
d
.
Fo
r
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
h
elp
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
d
ata
r
em
o
tel
y
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
p
lace
an
d
an
y
t
i
m
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
ter
f
ac
es
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
.
Mo
r
e
,
h
er
e
w
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
k
e
y
f
ac
to
r
s
w
it
h
th
e
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
i
n
to
t
h
e
g
r
id
au
to
m
at
io
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
co
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices;
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
f
s
u
ch
d
ev
ice
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
r
e
m
o
tel
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
d
ata
ce
n
tr
es.
T
h
e
au
to
m
at
io
n
o
f
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
p
la
y
s
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
le
i
n
m
o
n
it
o
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
Su
c
h
s
y
s
te
m
s
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
ch
al
len
g
es.
Flex
ib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
ta
tio
n
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
ef
f
ici
en
t
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
o
f
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
r
e
m
o
tel
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
au
t
o
m
a
tio
n
lead
s
to
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
its
o
p
er
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
c
h
a
n
g
e
th
e
t
y
p
ica
l
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
elec
t
r
ical
d
ev
ices
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
ac
i
liti
es
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
ess
e
n
tial
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
i
n
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
a
u
to
m
a
tio
n
[
5
]
.
T
r
ad
it
io
n
all
y
,
th
e
elec
tr
ic
g
r
id
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
s
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ices,
b
u
t
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
w
it
h
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
w
h
ic
h
s
it
u
ated
at
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
i
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
is
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
p
o
w
er
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
r
o
le
as
t
h
er
e
i
s
t
h
e
e
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
,
en
tici
n
g
th
e
n
e
ed
o
f
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ilit
ies [
6
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
o
u
r
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
t
iv
e
is
to
d
esig
n
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
u
b
s
tati
o
n
p
o
w
er
d
ata
r
e
m
o
tel
y
i
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
icie
n
t,
s
ec
u
r
e
an
d
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
m
a
n
n
er
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
p
lace
a
n
d
an
y
ti
m
e.
As
p
er
t
h
e
r
ep
o
r
t
o
f
I
n
d
ia
n
Gr
id
f
ail
u
r
e
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
th
e
lead
in
g
ca
u
s
e
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
e
tr
ip
p
in
g
w
as
th
e
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
in
g
o
f
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
ea
s
ter
n
a
n
d
n
o
r
th
er
n
g
r
id
.
A
l
s
o
in
t
h
e
r
ep
o
r
t,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tated
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
id
s
ec
u
r
it
y
ag
a
in
s
t
s
u
c
h
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
tili
z
ed
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
s
tat
u
s
o
f
g
r
i
d
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
li
k
e
lo
ad
,
V
A
,
v
o
ltag
es,
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
ai
m
s
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
t
h
e
g
r
id
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
r
e
m
o
tel
y
a
n
d
th
e
n
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
t
h
e
o
v
er
d
r
a
w
li
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
alt
h
o
u
g
h
it is
t
h
e
i
n
itial
s
tep
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
esen
ted
as,
Sectio
n
2
,
th
e
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
is
d
escr
ib
ed
.
I
n
Sectio
n
3
,
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
d
esi
g
n
s
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
ef
f
icie
n
t
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
o
f
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
Sectio
n
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
d
etailed
d
e
s
ig
n
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
e
l
o
f
R
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
an
d
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
(
R
T
C
M)
Dev
ice.
I
n
Sectio
n
5
,
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
i
o
n
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fin
all
y
,
Sectio
n
6
g
i
v
es t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
I
n
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
k
n
o
w
n
as
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
&
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
is
m
ai
n
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
in
to
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
p
ar
t sh
o
w
s
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
r
ec
en
t
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
Min
g
C
h
e
n
et
a
l.
[
8
]
d
is
m
e
m
b
er
ed
th
e
n
ee
d
an
d
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
clo
u
d
f
ig
u
r
i
n
g
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
in
p
o
w
er
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
an
d
d
is
p
lay
ed
t
h
e
Dep
lo
y
m
en
t
Me
t
h
o
d
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
co
m
p
u
ter
izatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
clo
u
d
h
a
n
d
li
n
g
.
O
r
d
in
ar
y
s
y
s
te
m
atiza
tio
n
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
is
p
atc
h
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e;
f
a
s
t
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cu
tti
n
g
-
ed
g
e
li
m
its
;
a
n
d
h
u
g
e
ch
an
g
e
u
n
w
a
v
er
in
g
q
u
alit
y
o
f
I
T
f
r
am
e
w
o
r
k
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
u
tili
zi
n
g
clo
u
d
f
i
g
u
r
i
n
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
.
I
t
d
i
m
i
n
is
h
es
a
u
t
h
o
r
itativ
e
ex
p
en
s
e
s
,
an
d
it
tac
k
le
s
t
h
e
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t a
n
d
"
co
o
r
d
in
ated
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t"
in
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
eg
m
e
n
t.
I
n
[
9
]
,
s
cien
t
is
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clo
u
d
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
,
a
k
i
n
d
o
f
clo
u
d
en
r
o
llin
g
b
ased
g
e
n
er
al
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
ad
r
o
it
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
ce
n
tr
es.
T
h
e
clo
u
d
h
an
d
li
n
g
b
ased
la
y
er
ed
p
lan
co
n
s
o
lid
ates
(
1
)
P
h
y
s
ical
R
eso
u
r
ce
L
a
y
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ar
d
w
ar
e,
ar
r
an
g
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
a
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
o
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
S
C
A
D
A
,
E
MS,
T
MR,
W
A
R
MS,
(
2
)
Vir
tu
al
R
eso
u
r
ce
L
a
y
er
-
d
ep
ict
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
r
t
s
in
to
v
ir
t
u
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
(
3
)
C
lo
u
d
Ser
v
ice
la
y
er
-
g
r
o
u
p
s
v
ir
t
u
al
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
in
to
s
er
v
ices,
t
h
at
ar
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
s
,
(
4
)
C
lo
u
d
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
L
a
y
er
-
g
i
v
es
f
ac
ilit
ated
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
cl
o
u
d
s
er
v
ice
s
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
a
n
d
(
5
)
C
lo
u
d
A
cc
e
s
s
L
a
y
er
-
th
e
w
a
y
c
u
s
to
m
er
ac
ce
s
s
clo
u
d
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
.
I
t
j
o
in
s
th
e
p
r
esen
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
d
e
m
an
d
s
a
m
o
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
ce
n
tr
es,
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t a
n
d
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
co
s
t a
n
d
u
p
g
r
ad
es g
e
n
er
al
d
is
p
atch
i
n
g
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
li
m
it.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
p
r
escr
ib
ed
th
at
clo
u
d
s
ta
g
e
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
er
to
h
elp
i
m
m
en
s
e
d
ata
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
ll
y
-
h
eig
h
te
n
ed
,
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
o
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
C
lo
u
d
A
cc
es
s
L
a
y
er
k
ee
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
n
ee
d
s
to
p
ass
o
n
all
ar
o
u
n
d
.
T
o
ch
an
g
e
th
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
d
e
m
an
d
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
w
is
t
s
,
f
ast
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
an
d
ex
a
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
d
ata
th
at
s
tr
ea
m
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
av
v
y
m
eter
s
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
ad
ap
tab
le
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
s
tag
e.
T
h
u
s
i
n
s
u
ch
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
clo
u
d
s
ta
g
es
f
ill
in
a
s
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
p
ar
ts
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
i
s
tin
cti
v
e
f
av
o
u
r
ab
le
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
t
h
e
y
o
f
f
er
.
I
n
[
1
1
]
,
au
th
o
r
R
aj
ee
v
a
n
d
A
s
h
o
k
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
p
lan
n
i
n
g
clo
u
d
en
l
is
ti
n
g
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
f
o
r
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
as
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
le
s
,
f
o
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
s
y
s
te
m
,
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t,
an
d
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
les
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
tak
in
g
ar
r
an
g
i
n
g
an
d
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
i
n
g
c
h
air
m
e
n
cir
c
u
late
t
h
eir
s
er
v
ice
d
ep
ictio
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
R
ea
l time
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f g
r
id
p
o
w
er sys
tem
s
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
N
a
ch
iket
K
u
lka
r
n
i
)
943
m
o
d
u
le.
W
ith
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
clo
u
d
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
,
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
f
ig
u
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
s
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
w
i
t
h
th
e
i
n
ter
n
al
o
n
e
s
.
T
h
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
ei
n
f
o
r
ce
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
R
aj
ee
v
an
d
As
h
o
k
.
I
n
s
u
ch
a
w
a
y
,
j
o
in
in
g
v
ir
t
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
ith
th
e
p
r
esen
t
e
n
er
g
y
s
to
ck
p
ilin
g
d
ev
ice
s
an
d
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
s
e
g
m
en
t
ca
n
b
e
r
ef
in
ed
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
s
to
m
ee
t th
e
e
n
er
g
y
n
ec
ess
itie
s
f
r
o
m
p
u
r
ch
a
s
er
s
.
I
n
[
1
2
]
,
Vaz
g
u
ez
et
a
l.
ex
p
ec
t
ed
to
g
iv
e
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
d
is
cr
etio
n
ar
y
co
m
p
le
x
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
r
ea
d
y
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
th
e
r
eq
u
est
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
a
n
y
g
iv
en
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
,
ex
p
lo
iti
n
g
th
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
p
er
-
u
tili
ze
d
i
s
p
la
y
a
n
d
th
e
ap
p
ar
en
tl
y
b
o
u
n
d
les
s
li
m
it o
f
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
w
o
r
ld
v
i
e
w
.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
Mo
s
leh
i
et
a
l.
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
u
n
w
av
er
i
n
g
q
u
alit
y
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
r
ea
l
b
r
illi
an
t
latti
ce
ass
ets,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le,
r
eq
u
est
r
ea
ctio
n
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
T
h
e
y
w
atc
h
ed
th
at
a
p
er
f
ec
t
b
len
d
o
f
th
ese
as
s
ets
p
r
o
m
p
ts
a
co
m
p
li
m
e
n
t n
e
t r
eq
u
est t
h
at
i
n
th
e
lo
n
g
r
u
n
co
m
p
l
e
m
en
ts
u
n
w
a
v
er
i
n
g
q
u
a
lit
y
d
i
f
f
ic
u
lties
f
u
r
th
er
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
T
o
o
th
et
a
l.
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
c
lo
u
d
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
s
,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
c
lo
u
d
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
d
is
p
er
s
ed
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ated
r
e
g
is
te
r
in
g
an
d
clo
u
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
ac
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
a
b
asic
p
ar
t
in
r
ed
esig
n
in
g
th
e
ca
tacl
y
s
m
s
tatu
s
le
v
el
a
n
d
th
e
v
er
s
at
ilit
y
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
t
o
ca
tast
r
o
p
h
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
b
y
u
til
izin
g
c
lo
u
d
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
i
n
g
an
d
th
e
ex
ac
tn
e
s
s
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
te
m
b
eg
u
ile
m
e
n
t
ca
n
ex
p
an
d
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
Fan
g
e
t
a
l.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
ed
esig
n
is
s
u
e
o
f
u
til
izin
g
t
h
e
clo
u
d
an
ar
ea
to
less
e
n
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
d
at
a
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
in
t
h
e
S
G.
T
h
e
y
d
is
p
la
y
ed
a
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
SG
d
ata
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
a
clo
u
d
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
tr
ea
m
li
n
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
to
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
co
s
t
d
i
m
i
n
i
s
h
m
e
n
t
is
s
u
e
in
clo
u
d
-
b
ased
S
G
d
ata
s
to
ck
p
ilin
g
a
n
d
f
i
g
u
r
i
n
g
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
o
allev
iate
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
a
u
to
m
atio
n
is
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ea
r
lier
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
ab
o
u
t
o
v
er
all
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
&
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
g
iv
e
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
m
a
r
t
g
r
id
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
W
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
co
llect
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
d
ata
u
n
d
er
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
r
e
m
o
te
l
y
.
W
e
b
eliev
e
t
h
a
t
f
etc
h
in
g
e
v
er
y
m
in
u
te
elec
t
r
ic
al
d
ata
ca
n
h
elp
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t t
h
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t b
lack
o
u
ts
.
Usi
n
g
t
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
e
cr
itical
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ev
en
ted
b
y
r
e
m
o
te
o
p
er
atio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
an
d
i
m
m
ed
iate
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
W
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
o
v
el
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
a
n
el
d
esi
g
n
w
h
ic
h
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
t
h
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
g
r
id
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
lik
e
lo
ad
,
VA
,
v
o
lta
g
es
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
d
ev
ice
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
ter
f
ac
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
clo
u
d
s
to
r
ag
e
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
ac
t
u
al
m
i
n
u
te
to
m
i
n
u
te
elec
tr
ical
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
p
lace
an
d
an
y
w
h
er
e
b
y
t
h
e
au
th
en
ticated
u
s
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
As
f
o
r
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
au
t
h
en
ticated
u
s
er
lo
g
i
n
h
e
lp
s
to
p
r
ev
en
t
an
y
ille
g
al
ac
ti
v
ities
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
W
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
t
h
e
h
a
r
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
w
h
ich
ac
ts
a
s
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
b
et
w
ee
n
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
s
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
d
esig
n
i
n
g
o
f
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
is
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
.
I
n
co
m
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
w
e
elab
o
r
ate
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
e
d
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
Clou
d
I
n
t
e
r
f
ac
e
A
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
at
e
d
u
s
e
r
s
C
lou
d
s
t
or
age
d
e
vic
e
s
&
Gl
ob
al
d
at
a
G
r
i
d
au
t
om
at
i
on
Au
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
at
e
d
l
ogi
n
E
n
ab
l
e
gr
i
d
ac
c
e
s
s
E
n
ab
l
e
d
at
a ac
c
e
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
9
:
9
4
1
-
9
4
9
944
3
.
1
.
Desig
n o
f
ha
rd
w
a
re
pa
n
el
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
to
estab
li
s
h
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
b
e
t
w
ee
n
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
au
th
e
n
tica
ted
clo
u
d
u
s
er
s
an
d
p
o
w
er
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
o
ac
ce
s
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
id
d
ata
an
y
ti
m
e
an
d
an
y
w
h
er
e.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
is
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
t
w
o
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
f
e
ed
th
e
g
r
id
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
,
th
e
s
e
t
w
o
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
ar
e
f
ed
s
b
y
it
'
s
th
eir
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
a
p
r
o
j
ec
t is u
s
ed
to
is
o
late
t
h
e
g
r
id
lo
ad
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
it
u
atio
n
s
l
ik
e
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
l,
w
h
er
ea
s
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
co
n
tin
u
e
w
it
h
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
ea
l ti
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
p
o
w
er
u
s
i
n
g
c
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
T
h
e
lo
ad
m
an
a
g
er
s
en
s
es
t
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
s
u
c
h
a
s
v
o
ltag
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t,
KW
,
an
d
KV
A
.
T
h
e
lo
ad
m
an
a
g
er
s
in
ter
f
ac
ed
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
P
L
C
(
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
l
o
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
)
,
a
n
d
P
L
C
t
h
en
i
n
ter
f
ac
ed
w
it
h
Hu
m
an
Ma
c
h
i
n
e
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
H
MI
)
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
HM
I
s
y
s
te
m
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
u
p
lo
ad
in
g
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
elec
tr
ical
d
ata
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
to
ac
ce
s
s
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
m
o
te
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
P
C
o
r
L
ap
to
p
.
A
cc
es
s
to
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
ce
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
P
C
/
L
ap
to
p
)
h
av
i
n
g
a
u
t
h
en
t
icate
d
lo
g
i
n
id
an
d
p
ass
wo
r
d
.
W
ith
th
is
lo
g
in
th
e
u
s
er
ca
n
ed
it/ch
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
s
et/r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
al
u
es
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
in
P
L
C
-
C
P
U.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
lo
w
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
w
o
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
an
d
lo
ad
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ov
er
all
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
l
o
w
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
3
.
2
.
Aut
hentic
a
t
ed
clo
ud
inte
rf
a
ce
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
to
g
r
id
d
ata
m
is
u
s
e,
w
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
th
e
u
s
er
a
u
t
h
e
n
ticatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
ea
c
h
u
s
er
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
elec
tr
ical
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
clo
u
d
in
ter
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
en
d
clien
ts
n
ee
d
to
f
i
n
i
s
h
t
h
eir
v
er
i
f
icat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
er
v
ice
s
u
p
p
lier
at
w
h
a
tev
er
p
o
i
n
t
t
h
e
y
u
tili
ze
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
s
.
A
clie
n
t
r
e
g
is
ter
s
w
it
h
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
d
ata,
an
d
a
s
er
v
ice
s
u
p
p
lier
g
i
v
es
a
clien
t
's
d
is
t
in
g
u
is
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
o
f
an
d
a
v
alid
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
clien
t
co
n
f
ir
m
at
io
n
af
ter
en
r
o
l
m
en
t
i
s
f
i
n
i
s
h
e
d
.
A
t
th
at
p
o
in
t
t
h
e
clien
t
u
til
izes
th
e
I
D
an
d
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
R
ea
l time
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f g
r
id
p
o
w
er sys
tem
s
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
N
a
ch
iket
K
u
lka
r
n
i
)
945
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
w
o
r
k
th
e
clie
n
t
v
er
if
icatio
n
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
clie
n
t
ac
ce
s
s
e
s
to
u
tili
z
e
a
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
s
er
a
u
th
e
n
tic
atio
n
i
s
elab
o
r
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
r
ee
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
elo
w
f
o
r
ea
c
h
s
tep
s
u
c
h
as
u
s
e
r
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
lo
g
i
n
,
a
n
d
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
o
s
tar
t
th
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
u
s
er
h
as
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
id
en
t
if
ica
tio
n
d
et
ails
to
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
o
f
f
er
s
a
u
n
iq
u
e
to
k
e
n
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
b
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
l
v
ed
in
u
s
er
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
g
iv
e
n:
I
n
p
u
t
s
K
1
:
S
e
ss
i
o
n
k
e
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
ser
v
e
r,
K
2
:
S
e
s
si
o
n
k
e
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
ser,
M
1
:
Me
ss
a
g
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
se
rve
r
,
M
2
:
M
e
ssa
g
e
g
e
n
e
ra
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
se
r.
Al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
:
S
e
c
u
re
L
o
g
i
n
1.
U
e
n
t
e
rs
t
h
e
I
D
,
P
W,
x
,
T
.
2.
S
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
s T
1
=
h
[
I
D
{h
(
P
W)
h
(
x
)
}
]
3.
I
f
T
=
T
1
,
S
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
K
1
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
M
1
=
T
|
|
K
1
,
4.
e
l
se
T
e
rm
i
n
a
t
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss
.
5.
En
d
i
f
6.
S
U:M
1
7.
U
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
s
M
2
=
T
|
|
K
2
8.
U
S
:
M
2
9.
S
c
h
e
c
k
s
i
f
M
1
=M
2
t
h
e
n
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
f
o
r
u
s
e
r a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
au
th
e
n
ticat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
w
h
ich
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
n
f
ir
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
id
en
tit
y
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
er
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
th
e
s
er
v
er
in
th
e
clo
u
d
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
tep
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
u
s
er
au
t
h
e
n
ticatio
n
.
I
n
p
u
t
s
t
(
T
1
)
,
t
(
T
2
)
:
t
i
m
e
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
o
k
e
n
T
1
a
n
d
T
2
res
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
,
:
f
i
x
e
d
t
i
m
e
st
a
m
p
Al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
2
:
U
ser
Au
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
1.
S
c
h
e
c
k
s
i
f
t
(
T
1
)
-
t
(
T
2
)
.
2.
S
c
h
e
c
k
s
i
f
(
M
1
)
k1
=
(
M
2
)
k2
3.
I
f
(
st
e
p
1
a
n
d
2
)
U
ser
i
s
su
c
c
e
ssf
u
l
l
y
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
e
d
4.
El
se
U
ser
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
f
a
i
l
e
d
5.
En
d
i
f
4.
RE
A
L
T
I
M
E
CO
NT
RO
L
A
ND
M
O
NIT
O
RING
(
R
T
CM
)
DE
VIC
E
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
s
tep
s
th
at
co
n
d
u
cted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
ta
l
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
b
ef
o
r
e
d
is
cu
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
ac
h
iev
ed
.
F
ig
u
r
e
4
is
s
h
o
w
in
g
t
h
e
s
i
n
g
le
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
(
R
ef
.
to
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
ab
o
v
e)
o
n
HM
I
s
cr
ee
n
o
f
r
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
g
r
i
d
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sin
g
le
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
n
HM
I
s
cr
ee
n
o
f
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice
T
T
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
9
:
9
4
1
-
9
4
9
946
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
g
r
id
w
h
ich
i
s
p
ar
allel
co
n
n
ec
te
d
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
g
en
er
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
G3
an
d
G4
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
w
o
g
en
er
ato
r
s
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ic
g
r
id
to
p
r
o
tect
ag
a
in
s
t
t
h
e
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Gen
er
ato
r
s
G1
a
n
d
G2
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
w
o
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
th
a
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
p
r
o
tecte
d
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
l
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
L
1
an
d
L
2
ar
e
th
e
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
o
f
g
en
er
ato
r
s
G1
an
d
G2
w
h
ile
3
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e
g
r
id
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
g
r
id
lo
ad
s
to
b
e
is
o
lated
in
o
v
er
-
d
r
a
w
li
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
a
n
el
o
f
t
h
e
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice.
T
h
is
i
s
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice.
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
lab
eled
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
m
o
d
el
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
h
elp
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
th
e
e
x
ac
t d
esi
g
n
u
s
ed
to
f
o
r
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
i
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fab
r
icate
d
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice
(
a)
Fro
n
t in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
(
b
)
L
o
ad
g
en
er
ato
r
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
L
ab
eled
d
iag
r
a
m
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
o
f
R
T
C
M
Dev
ice
5.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
NT
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
As
p
er
d
esig
n
a
n
d
s
ett
in
g
s
d
i
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
Sectio
n
3
a
n
d
4
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
lt
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
w
as
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
an
d
tes
ted
u
s
in
g
HM
I
w
h
ic
h
u
s
es
E
XO
R
E
S
m
ar
t
(
7
-
i
n
ch
Me
d
iu
m
)
d
e
v
ice
a
n
d
J
Mo
b
ile
So
f
t
w
ar
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
at,
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
i
n
th
e
g
r
id
i
s
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
u
s
i
n
g
P
L
C
an
d
E
n
er
g
y
Me
ter
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
is
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
th
e
h
o
m
e
s
cr
ee
n
d
is
p
la
y
ed
at
HM
I
o
f
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
tab
s
g
iv
en
o
n
HM
I
s
cr
ee
n
in
o
r
d
er
f
etch
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
in
g
le
li
n
e
d
iag
r
a
m
(
SL
D)
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
in
s
ta
lled
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
P
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
tab
is
u
s
e
d
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
d
ata.
Fin
all
y
,
t
h
e
s
etti
n
g
s
tab
is
u
s
e
d
to
ch
an
g
e
t
h
e
s
ett
in
g
s
.
First,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
p
ar
a
m
ete
r
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
es
u
lts
.
Af
ter
th
e
co
m
p
lete
s
et
u
p
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
r
e
m
o
tel
y
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
t
h
er
e
is
p
ar
am
eter
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
o
n
HM
I
.
Usi
n
g
th
i
s
p
ar
am
eter
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
ter
f
a
ce
,
w
e
ca
n
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
i
n
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
al
u
es
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
ele
m
e
n
ts
li
k
e
a
A
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
,
R
ea
ctiv
e
P
o
w
e
r
,
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
es,
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
s
,
th
e
A
p
p
ar
en
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
lo
ad
s
o
f
Gr
id
1
an
d
Gr
id
2
.
A
f
ter
clic
k
in
g
o
n
S
L
D
tab
,
w
e
ca
n
g
et
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
3
p
h
ase
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
lin
e
g
r
id
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
w
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
g
en
er
a
t
io
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
b
ased
o
n
3
-
s
tag
e
o
n
l
y
.
T
h
e
o
p
tio
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
li
k
e
w
i
s
e
3
-
s
ta
g
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
cir
c
u
latio
n
to
a
d
ef
in
itiv
e
clie
n
t
m
ig
h
t
b
e
3
-
s
t
ag
e
o
r
s
i
n
g
le
-
s
tag
e
co
n
tin
g
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
i
ties
o
f
th
e
clie
n
t
s
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
s
etti
n
g
tab
elab
o
r
ated
in
b
el
o
w
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
I
n
itiall
y
,
i
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
s
et
th
e
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
R
ea
l time
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f g
r
id
p
o
w
er sys
tem
s
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
N
a
ch
iket
K
u
lka
r
n
i
)
947
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
th
e
i
n
itial
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
al
u
es
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
e
t
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
i
n
itial
p
ar
am
eter
v
al
u
es
o
f
g
r
id
1
an
d
g
r
id
2
.
T
h
en
w
e
ca
n
m
o
n
i
to
r
th
e
ac
t
u
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
an
d
th
u
s
ca
n
v
ar
y
th
e
s
et
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
o
i
n
t
as
p
er
o
u
r
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
in
b
o
t
h
th
e
g
r
id
s
Gr
id
1
an
d
Gr
id
2
.
W
e
ca
n
als
o
ch
an
g
e
th
e
d
ela
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
cir
cu
it
b
r
ea
k
er
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
s
cr
ee
n
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
is
s
h
o
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
af
ter
th
e
clo
u
d
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
h
ic
h
is
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
n
itial
s
et
v
al
u
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ho
m
e
s
cr
ee
n
o
f
to
u
c
h
o
n
HM
I
o
f
R
T
C
M
d
ev
ice
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
SL
D
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
o
n
HM
I
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
n
itial Setti
n
g
o
f
t
w
o
g
r
id
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
HM
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
201
9
:
9
4
1
-
9
4
9
948
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
C
ir
cu
i
t B
r
ea
k
er
3
b
y
P
L
C
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Op
er
atio
n
o
f
C
ir
cu
i
t B
r
ea
k
er
4
b
y
P
L
C
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
b
en
ef
its
o
f
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
clo
u
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
I
C
T
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
m
ar
t
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
o
f
e
lectr
ical
d
ev
ices
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
at
a
w
h
ic
h
is
co
llected
an
d
s
to
r
ed
at
th
e
c
lo
u
d
s
er
v
er
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
r
th
er
r
e
m
o
te
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
e
p
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
o
f
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
elec
tr
ical
d
ata
r
e
m
o
tel
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
.
W
e
d
esig
n
ed
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
p
an
el
w
h
ich
i
s
u
s
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
l
y
a
n
d
en
ab
le
th
e
au
th
o
r
ized
u
s
er
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
,
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
elec
tr
ic
al
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
er
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
W
e
b
eliev
e
th
at
h
elp
s
i
n
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
id
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
h
elp
to
d
etec
t
th
e
g
r
id
f
a
ilu
r
e
at
t
h
e
ea
r
lies
t a
n
d
b
y
v
er
i
f
y
in
g
th
e
u
s
er
au
t
h
e
n
ticatio
n
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
ca
n
co
n
tr
o
l o
r
p
r
ev
en
t
g
r
id
f
ai
lu
r
e
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
w
h
er
e
i
n
th
e
w
o
r
ld
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
o
u
r
i
n
itial
s
tep
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
p
r
esen
ted
,
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
it
w
ill
b
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
w
o
r
k
o
n
d
esig
n
i
n
g
e
f
f
icie
n
t e
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
w
er
d
eliv
er
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
“
Clo
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
:
A
S
u
rv
e
y
”
-
S
a
m
a
re
sh
Be
ra
,
S
u
d
ip
M
isra
,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E,
Jo
e
l
J.
P
.
C.
Ro
d
rig
u
e
s,
S
e
n
io
r
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E.
[2
]
J.
P
o
p
e
a
n
g
a
,
“
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
s,”
Da
ta
b
a
se
sy
ste
m j
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
7
-
6
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
R
ea
l time
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
mo
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f g
r
id
p
o
w
er sys
tem
s
u
s
in
g
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
N
a
ch
iket
K
u
lka
r
n
i
)
949
[3
]
QD
R
Q
2
0
0
6
Be
n
e
f
it
s
o
f
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
in
e
lec
tri
c
it
y
m
a
r
k
e
ts
a
n
d
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
c
h
iev
i
n
g
th
e
m
(US
A
:
U.S
.
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
En
e
rg
y
)
Ch
iu
,
I
p
a
k
c
h
i
A
,
C
h
u
a
n
g
A
,
Qiu
B,
Bro
o
k
s
D,
K
o
c
h
E
,
Z
h
o
u
J,
Zi
e
n
t
a
ra
M
,
P
re
c
h
t
P
a
n
d
Bu
rk
e
R
2
0
0
9
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
in
teg
ra
ted
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
(DR)
a
n
d
d
istr
ib
u
ted
e
n
e
rg
y
re
so
u
rc
e
s
(DER)
m
o
d
e
ls
N
A
ES
B
&
UC
A
Iu
g
.
[4
]
S
ian
o
P
2
0
1
4
De
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s
-
a
su
rv
e
y
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le an
d
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
Re
v
ie
w
s 3
0
4
6
1
–
78
[5
]
Kim
H,
Ki
m
Y
J,
Y
a
n
g
K
a
n
d
T
h
o
tt
a
n
M
2
0
1
1
Clo
u
d
-
b
a
se
d
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
:
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
d
istri
b
u
ted
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
P
ro
c
.
In
t
.
Co
n
f
.
o
n
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(S
m
a
rtG
rid
Co
m
m
)
(Bru
ss
e
l
s)
(USA
:
IEE
E)
398
–
40
3
.
[6
]
S
o
u
l
tan
is
N
L
,
P
a
p
a
t
h
a
n
a
sio
u
S
A
a
n
d
Ha
tzia
rg
y
rio
u
N
D
,
2
0
0
7
,
“
A
st
a
b
il
it
y
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
in
v
e
rter d
o
m
in
a
ted
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
d
L
V
m
icro
g
rid
s
,”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
2
2
2
9
4
–
3
0
4
.
[7
]
Ch
e
n
M
,
Ba
i
X
Z
h
u
Y
a
n
d
W
e
i
H
,
2
0
1
2
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
d
isp
a
tch
i
n
g
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,”
Pro
c
.
I
n
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
S
m
a
rt Grid
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
-
Asia
(
IS
G
T
Asia
)
(
T
ia
n
ji
n
)
(USA
:
IEE
E)
1
–
6
.
[8
]
L
ian
g
Z,
L
e
i
Z,
M
in
-
h
u
i
G
a
n
d
X
iao
-
li
a
n
g
B
,
2
0
1
1
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
-
b
a
se
d
p
o
w
e
r
d
isp
a
tch
i
n
g
IT
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
,”
Pro
c
.
Po
we
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
AP
PE
EC)
Asia
-
P
a
c
if
ic
(
W
u
h
a
n
)
(USA
:
IEE
E)
1
–
4
.
[9
]
Ya
n
g
C
T
,
Ch
e
n
W
S
,
H
u
a
n
g
K
L
,
L
iu
J
C,
Hs
u
W
H
a
n
d
H
su
C
H
,
2
0
1
2
,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
s
m
a
rt
p
o
w
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
se
rv
ice
sy
st
e
m
o
n
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
”
Pro
c
.
9
t
h
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f.
o
n
Ub
i
q
u
it
o
u
s
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
&
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Au
t
o
n
o
mic
&
T
ru
ste
d
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
(
UIC/AT
C)
(
Fu
k
u
o
k
a
)
(U
S
A
:
IEE
E)
9
2
4
–
9
.
[1
0
]
Ra
jee
v
T
a
n
d
A
sh
o
k
S
,
2
0
1
1
,
“
A
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
icr
o
g
rid
s
,”
Pro
c
.
In
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
S
m
a
rt Grid
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
-
In
d
ia
(
IS
GT
In
d
ia
)
(
Ko
ll
a
m,
K
e
ra
la
)
(USA
:
IEE
E)
4
9
–
52
.
[1
1
]
V
á
z
q
u
e
z
,
Co
n
sta
n
ti
n
o
,
Ed
u
a
rd
o
Hu
e
d
o
,
R
u
b
é
n
S
.
M
o
n
tero
,
a
n
d
Ig
n
a
c
io
M
.
L
lo
re
n
te,
“
On
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
c
lo
u
d
s
f
o
r
g
rid
re
so
u
rc
e
p
ro
v
isio
n
i
n
g
,
”
Fu
t
u
re
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
y
ste
m
s
V
o
l
.
2
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
0
0
-
6
0
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
2
]
M
o
sle
h
i,
Kh
o
sro
w
,
a
n
d
Ra
n
ji
t
K
u
m
a
r,
“
A
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
o
f
th
e
sm
a
rt
g
rid
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
ma
r
t
Gr
id
Vo
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
7
-
6
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
3
]
F
a
n
g
,
Ba
li
n
g
,
X
ia
n
g
Yin
,
Yi
T
a
n
,
Ca
n
b
i
n
g
L
i,
Yu
n
p
e
n
g
G
a
o
,
Yi
ji
a
Ca
o
,
a
n
d
Jia
n
li
a
n
g
L
i,
“
T
h
e
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
s
o
f
c
lo
u
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
sm
a
rt
g
r
id
,
”
Ren
e
wa
b
le
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le
En
e
r
g
y
Rev
iews
V
o
l
.
5
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
6
-
1
3
3
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
F
a
n
g
,
X
i,
De
j
u
n
Ya
n
g
,
a
n
d
G
u
o
li
a
n
g
X
u
e
,
“
Ev
o
lv
in
g
sm
a
rt
g
rid
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
lo
u
d
w
a
rd
:
A
c
lo
u
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
m
a
rt Grid
Vo
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
1
-
1
1
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
M
e
h
m
i,
S
a
n
d
e
e
p
,
Ha
r
sh
K.
V
e
r
m
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
L
.
S
a
n
g
a
l,
“
S
i
m
u
latio
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
u
sin
g
Clo
u
d
S
im
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
gy
Vo
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
9
-
1
7
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Na
c
h
i
k
e
t
K
u
l
k
a
r
n
i
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
Ko
n
e
ru
L
a
k
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
V
a
d
d
e
sw
a
r
a
m
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
,
In
d
ia
–
5
2
2
5
0
2
He
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
Bh
a
ra
ti
Vid
y
a
p
e
e
th
De
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
U
n
iv
e
rsity
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
P
u
n
e
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Clo
u
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
.
S.
V.
N.
L.
La
li
th
a
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D
f
ro
m
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
W
a
ra
n
g
a
l,
In
d
ia.
S
h
e
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
Ko
n
e
ru
L
a
k
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
V
a
d
d
e
s
w
a
r
a
m
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
A
n
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
s
h
,
In
d
ia
–
5
2
2
5
0
2
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
tr
a
n
s
m
issio
n
p
ricin
g
in
re
stru
c
tu
re
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s,
d
i
strib
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
re
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
s
m
a
rt
g
rid
s an
d
M
e
ta He
u
risti
c
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
a
p
p
li
e
d
to
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
.
S
a
n
ja
y
A.
De
o
k
a
r
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D
f
ro
m
S
GG
S
N
a
n
d
e
d
,
M
a
h
a
ra
sh
tra,
In
d
ia.
He
is
w
o
rk
in
g
a
s
a
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
ZE
S
’s
Zea
l
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
Na
rh
e
,
P
u
n
e
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts a
re
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
t
y
,
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
a
n
d
S
m
a
rt
G
rid
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.