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s
h
o
w
a
h
ig
h
er
Q
v
al
u
e
t
h
an
p
iezo
elec
tr
ic
-
b
ased
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
a
n
d
lase
r
o
p
tical
f
ib
er
[
1
0
].
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
is
to
d
esig
n
a
m
ag
n
etic
ac
tu
a
to
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th
at
ha
s
m
icr
o
ca
n
tile
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er
,
t
wo
m
a
g
n
et
s
an
d
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il
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
C
o
m
s
o
l
a
n
d
An
s
y
s
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ts
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
th
at
a
r
e
f
if
t
y
t
u
r
n
s
co
il,
Ni
ca
n
tile
v
er
an
d
t
w
o
m
a
g
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ts
.
T
h
e
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o
ltag
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is
ap
p
lied
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th
e
co
il
to
p
r
o
d
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ce
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
w
h
e
n
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
il
m
a
g
n
e
tic
f
ield
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Af
ter
th
at
m
ag
n
et
ic
f
ield
ap
p
lies
f
o
r
ce
o
n
Ni
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f
er
r
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
m
ater
ial)
m
icr
o
ca
n
tile
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er
.
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h
is
f
o
r
ce
ca
u
s
ed
to
d
ef
o
r
m
th
e
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
[
1
1
]
,
m
icr
o
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
t
h
at
u
s
e
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
atio
n
to
u
til
iz
e
as
m
a
s
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
f
o
r
b
io
-
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
.
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h
e
m
icr
o
ca
n
t
il
ev
er
s
ar
e
m
ad
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
p
lated
co
b
alt
–
n
ick
el
t
h
at
h
as
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
ese
ar
e
lo
w
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
s
a
tu
r
atio
n
m
ag
n
eti
s
atio
n
.
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n
s
tead
,
th
e
m
icr
o
ca
n
tilev
er
s
ar
e
s
ti
m
u
lated
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
f
ield
s
(
E
,
H)
[
1
2
]
.
Op
tical
f
ib
er
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
,
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
le
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
t
h
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
,
o
p
tical
f
ib
er
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
as
an
e
x
tr
in
s
ic
o
r
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic.
I
n
a
n
ex
t
r
in
s
ic,
t
h
e
f
ib
er
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
to
ca
r
r
y
li
g
h
t to
an
d
f
r
o
m
a
n
e
x
ter
n
a
l o
p
tical
d
ev
ice
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
en
s
i
n
g
tak
e
s
p
lace
.
A
l
s
o
,
f
ib
er
is
w
o
r
k
as
a
lead
er
to
d
eliv
er
l
ig
h
t
to
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
in
g
p
o
s
itio
n
.
Desp
ite
t
h
e
f
ac
t
i
n
a
n
i
n
tr
in
s
ic
ca
s
e,
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
f
ib
er
s
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
in
g
to
c
h
an
g
e.
T
h
ese
c
h
an
g
es
ar
e
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
f
ib
er
to
ch
a
n
g
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
o
f
th
e
li
g
h
t d
i
s
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
i
n
g
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
m
ain
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
m
ag
n
etic
ac
tu
a
to
r
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
a
co
il
,
m
a
g
n
et
ic
p
h
y
s
ical,
an
d
a
p
o
r
tab
le
m
e
m
b
r
an
e
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
in
g
p
r
in
c
ip
le
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
in
liter
at
u
r
e
is
th
at
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
s
u
s
e
f
u
l
to
th
e
co
il,
th
en
a
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
w
h
ic
h
in
ter
ac
ts
w
it
h
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
iel
d
o
f
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
f
o
r
ce
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
ce
ac
ts
o
n
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
th
er
eb
y
ca
u
s
in
g
it
to
d
ef
le
ct.
T
h
e
d
ef
l
ec
tio
n
p
r
im
ar
il
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
il
an
d
th
e
m
a
g
n
et,
an
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
to
r
in
g
f
o
r
ce
o
f
th
e
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
E
lectr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
ac
tu
a
to
r
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ticall
y
ca
n
b
e
w
o
r
k
e
d
at
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
l
y
s
m
aller
v
o
ltag
es
b
u
t
m
i
g
h
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
lar
g
er
d
r
iv
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
ts
.
Op
tica
l
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
t
y
p
ic
all
y
w
o
r
k
d
ep
en
d
o
n
e
m
itt
in
g
lig
h
t
to
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
t
h
e
ca
n
tile
v
er
w
i
th
a
la
s
er
an
d
a
n
al
y
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
t
io
n
o
f
r
ef
lec
ted
li
g
h
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
b
ea
m
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t [
1
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
p
tical
d
etec
tio
n
f
o
r
ca
n
tile
v
er
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
x
tr
in
s
ic
an
d
in
tr
in
s
i
c
f
ib
er
o
p
tic
s
en
s
o
r
s
[
1
3
]
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Op
tical
d
etec
tio
n
f
o
r
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
[1
6
]
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
s
ev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
u
tili
zin
g
m
u
lt
ip
lex
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
d
etec
to
r
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
ta
n
ce
,
in
2
0
1
2
a
s
et
ad
v
an
ce
d
a
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
ei
g
h
t
ca
n
t
ilev
er
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
at
in
v
o
lv
e
s
o
f
8
Ver
tical
-
ca
v
it
y
s
u
r
f
ac
e
-
e
m
itti
n
g
laser
an
d
o
n
e
p
h
o
to
d
etec
to
r
.
A
ls
o
,
it
is
p
r
o
b
ab
le
to
u
s
e
o
n
e
C
C
D
i
m
a
g
e
s
cr
ee
n
as
a
d
etec
to
r
f
o
r
w
h
o
ll
y
b
io
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
Yu
e
et
al.
u
tili
s
e
o
n
e
co
lli
m
ated
b
ea
m
as
a
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
1
0
0
o
f
ca
n
ti
lev
er
s
a
n
d
d
is
ti
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u
i
s
h
t
h
eir
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
ce
w
it
h
a
C
C
D
p
la
n
e
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
h
a
v
i
n
g
h
ig
h
s
e
n
s
iti
v
it
y
an
d
g
o
o
d
d
eter
m
i
n
atio
n
,
a
n
o
th
er
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
o
p
tical
laser
d
etec
tio
n
i
s
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
g
o
in
g
to
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
w
ith
a
n
o
p
tical
laser
s
etu
p
.
Fo
r
an
y
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
en
s
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r
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th
er
e
ar
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t
w
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o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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I
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&
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r
eso
n
an
ce
p
ea
k
[
1
8
,
1
9
]
.
B
u
t,
s
in
ce
d
etec
tio
n
in
t
h
ese
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
w
ill
b
e
co
m
p
leted
d
ep
en
d
o
n
li
g
h
t’
s
r
e
f
lectio
n
f
r
o
m
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
it i
s
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
to
h
av
e
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
a
v
o
id
lig
h
t scatter
i
n
g
[
2
0
]
.
No
w
th
at
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
it
y
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
a
g
n
ets
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
ag
n
et
ic
an
al
y
s
i
s
ca
n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
h
o
w
m
u
ch
v
o
ltag
e
is
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
g
en
er
ated
w
it
h
t
h
e
ch
o
s
e
n
w
i
n
d
in
g
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
v
o
l
ta
g
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
a
co
il
is
t
h
e
d
er
iv
a
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
f
l
u
x
lin
k
a
g
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
ti
m
e
[
2
1
]
.
T
o
n
ar
r
o
w
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
,
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
ets
an
d
t
h
e
co
il
s
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
f
ir
s
t.
T
h
e
s
i
m
p
lest
w
a
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
is
to
u
s
e
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
ag
n
et.
An
o
th
er
w
a
y
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
is
to
u
s
e
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ag
n
e
ts
t
h
at
ar
e
attac
h
ed
s
id
e
-
by
-
s
id
e
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
t
is
e
v
id
en
t t
h
at
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
g
e
n
er
ate
lar
g
e
d
ef
lectio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
Ut
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
etic
m
icr
o
ac
tu
ato
r
s
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
u
n
t
il
n
o
w
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
r
elu
ctan
ce
p
r
in
cip
le
an
d
u
s
e
s
o
f
t
m
a
g
n
et
ic
m
ater
ia
ls
[
2
3
]
.
Nev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
h
ar
d
m
a
g
n
et
ic
m
ater
ials
ar
e
d
ee
m
ed
a
s
d
esira
b
le
ac
t
u
ato
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
f
a
v
o
u
r
ab
le
s
ca
li
n
g
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
p
o
ten
t
ial
f
o
r
lar
g
er
f
o
r
ce
s
a
n
d
lar
g
er
d
ef
lectio
n
s
,
ap
p
licab
le
to
m
i
lli
-
s
ca
le
ac
t
u
ato
r
s
.
P
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
m
icr
o
ac
tu
ato
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
eith
er
u
s
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
id
ass
e
m
b
led
,
co
m
m
er
ciall
y
av
a
ilab
le
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
ets
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
.
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
b
io
-
s
en
s
i
n
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
le
d
to
in
a
g
r
ea
t
in
ter
est
in
ca
n
tile
v
er
-
b
ased
m
icr
o
-
r
eso
n
a
to
r
s
.
D
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
s
en
s
in
g
is
t
y
p
icall
y
f
a
v
o
u
r
ed
as
it
m
a
k
es
av
ai
lab
le
a
h
ig
h
e
r
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
i
n
m
as
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tatic
d
ef
lect
io
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
[
2
4
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DS
Fab
r
icatio
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
m
icr
o
-
ac
t
u
ato
r
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
b
in
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
m
icr
o
m
ac
h
in
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
“
s
ac
r
i
f
icial
la
y
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
”.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tag
e
s
ar
e
e
le
ctr
o
p
latin
g
,
s
cr
ee
n
p
r
in
tin
g
a
n
d
la
m
in
a
tio
n
.
Mic
ro
-
f
ab
r
icatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
Mic
r
o
-
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
i
s
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
t
w
o
lith
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
ta
g
es:
E
lectr
o
p
latin
g
s
tag
e
a
n
d
Sacr
if
icial
la
y
er
etch
i
n
g
s
ta
g
e,
as s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Stag
es o
f
th
e
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Step
s
o
f
f
ab
r
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
b
alt
-
n
ic
k
el
m
icr
o
-
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
w
a
s
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
y
KO
H
etc
h
i
n
g
o
f
a
s
ilico
n
w
a
f
er
[
2
6
]
: L
P
C
V
D
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
o
f
s
i
lico
n
n
itrid
e;
Sp
in
o
n
,
ex
p
o
s
e
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
r
esis
tan
ce
;
P
las
m
a
et
ch
es
s
ilico
n
n
itrid
e;
E
li
m
i
n
at
e
r
esis
t
an
d
T
i
m
ed
K
OH
etch
i
n
g
o
f
s
i
lico
n
w
a
f
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
es,
as s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
eso
n
a
n
ce
fr
eq
u
e
n
cy
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f la
s
er o
p
tica
l fib
er b
a
s
ed
o
n
micro
ca
n
tilever
(
Mo
h
a
n
a
d
A
l
ja
n
a
b
i
)
3093
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
w
as
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
y
KOH
etc
h
in
g
o
f
a
s
ilico
n
w
a
f
er
w
it
h
co
il
A
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
eti
c
ac
tu
ato
r
[
23
]
:
1
)
E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
atio
n
h
as
t
h
e
b
en
ef
it
o
f
co
n
ta
ctles
s
m
o
v
e
m
en
t;
2
)
T
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
d
r
o
p
p
in
g
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
i
n
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
s
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
tili
z
in
g
h
ig
h
r
atio
co
ils
v
ar
ieties
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
an
g
o
o
d
-
lo
o
k
in
g
o
p
ti
m
al
o
f
d
r
iv
in
g
o
p
in
io
n
;
an
d
3
)
Nec
ess
ar
y
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
in
g
o
f
h
av
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
lar
g
e
f
o
r
ce
s
w
h
ic
h
a
g
r
ee
s
o
n
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
d
ev
ices
w
it
h
lar
g
e
d
e
f
lectio
n
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
C
o
m
s
o
l
Mu
l
tip
h
y
s
ics
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
t
ilized
to
g
et
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
o
l
an
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
ea
s
to
d
esig
n
m
i
cr
o
ca
n
tilev
er
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
is
s
t
u
d
i
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
it
s
b
asics
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
a
s
c
u
l
m
in
ated
w
i
th
d
esi
g
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
.
A
t
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
ic
ac
tu
ato
r
w
a
s
d
r
a
w
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
o
m
s
o
l
to
o
l
to
ca
lcu
late
c
u
r
r
en
t,
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
an
d
f
o
r
ce
o
f
co
il
o
n
th
e
ca
n
tile
v
er
[2
6
]
.
1.
First,
th
e
Ma
g
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
as Fig
u
r
e
6
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
is
cr
ea
ted
an
d
d
r
aw
n
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
C
o
m
s
o
l to
o
l.
2.
Sp
ec
if
ied
ele
m
en
t
t
y
p
e
o
f
d
e
v
ice
an
d
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
;
Y
o
u
n
g
’
s
Mo
d
u
l
u
s
a
n
d
P
o
is
s
o
n
R
atio
,
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ili
t
y
,
r
elati
v
e
p
er
m
itti
v
it
y
,
a
n
d
co
n
d
u
cti
v
it
y
f
o
r
Ni
ca
n
tile
v
er
,
as T
ab
le
1
an
d
T
a
b
l
e
2
.
3.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
al
s
o
en
ter
ed
o
th
er
m
a
ter
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
co
il
an
d
m
a
g
n
et
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
First p
ar
t o
f
s
ea
r
ch
w
ith
(
f
o
r
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
)
El
e
me
n
t
s
Y
o
u
n
g
’
s M
o
d
u
l
u
s (P
a
)
P
o
i
sso
n
R
a
t
i
o
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
me
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
mi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
S
/
m)
A
i
r
(
a
l
l
s
y
st
e
m)
-
-
1
1
-
N
i
c
a
n
t
i
l
e
v
e
r
2
1
9
e
9
0
.
3
1
1
0
0
1
1
3
.
8
e
6
M
a
g
n
e
t
5
0
0
0
1
si
g
ma(T
[
1
/
K
]
)
[
S
/
m
]
C
o
i
l
1
1
3
.
7
e
7
T
ab
le
2
.
Seco
n
d
p
a
r
t o
f
s
ea
r
ch
w
it
h
(
f
o
r
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
)
El
e
me
n
t
s
Y
o
u
n
g
’
s
M
o
d
u
l
u
s
(
P
a
)
P
o
i
sso
n
R
a
t
i
o
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
me
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
P
e
r
mi
t
t
i
v
i
t
y
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
S
/
m)
A
i
r
(
a
l
l
s
y
st
e
m)
-
-
1
1
-
N
i
c
a
n
t
i
l
e
v
e
r
2
1
9
e
9
0
.
3
1
1
0
0
1
1
3
.
8
e
6
M
a
g
n
e
t
5
0
0
0
1
si
g
ma(T
[
1
/
K
]
)
[
S
/
m
]
C
o
i
l
1
1
6
e
7
T
h
e
b
asic e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
ic
an
d
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
;
∇
∙
J
=0
(
1
)
∇
×
=
(
2
)
=
+
(
3
)
=
−
∇
(
4
)
=
∇
×
(
5
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
1
9
:
3
0
9
0
-
3099
3094
T
h
e
b
asic e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
Am
p
er
e’
s
L
a
w
a
n
d
C
u
r
r
e
n
t Co
n
s
er
v
a
tio
n
;
∇
×
(
μ
0
−
1
μ
r
−
1
B
)
−
σ
v
×
B
=
J
e
(
6
)
B
=
∇
×
A
(
7
)
∇
∙
J
=
0
(
8
)
D
=
ϵ
0
ϵ
r
E
(
9
)
T
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
Ma
g
n
et
ic
an
d
E
lectr
ic
I
n
s
u
latio
n
;
n
×
A
=
0
(
1
0
)
n
∙
J
=
0
(
1
1
)
Fo
r
ce
C
alcu
latio
n
;
F
=
∫
n
Td
S
∂
Ω
(
1
2
)
τ
=
∫
(
r
−
r
0
)
×
(
nT
)
dS
∂
Ω
(
1
3
)
τ
=
r
a
×
|
r
a
×
|
∙
τ
(
1
4
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
ac
t
u
ato
r
(
f
ir
s
t p
ar
t)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ma
g
n
etic
a
ct
u
ato
r
with
N=
5
0
tu
r
n
co
il
(
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t)
T
h
e
b
asic e
q
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
ag
n
et
ic
f
ie
ld
;
B
=
∇
×
A
(
1
5
)
∇
×
H
=
J
e
(
1
6
)
T
h
e
b
asic e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
Am
p
er
e’
s
L
a
w
;
∇
×
(
μ
0
−
1
μ
r
−
1
B
)
−
σ
v
×
B
=
J
e
(
1
7
)
B
=
∇
×
A
(
1
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
R
eso
n
a
n
ce
fr
eq
u
e
n
cy
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f la
s
er o
p
tica
l fib
er b
a
s
ed
o
n
micro
ca
n
tilever
(
Mo
h
a
n
a
d
A
l
ja
n
a
b
i
)
3095
T
h
e
e
q
u
atio
n
s
o
f
Ma
g
n
et
ic
I
n
s
u
latio
n
;
n
×
A
=
0
(
1
9
)
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×
(
μ
0
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1
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r
−
1
B
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σ
v
×
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J
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(
2
0
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A
(
2
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J
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V
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d
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2
2
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T
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m
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T
h
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eti
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ce
,
F
(
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A
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m
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d
m
a
g
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ield
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r
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ien
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r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ac
tu
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n
co
il
[
2
7
]
;
F
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M
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(
2
3
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m
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l
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tic
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
3
.
1
.
Si
m
ula
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lt
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A
Ma
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
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y
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o
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m
u
s
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n
g
A
n
s
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s
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i
m
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th
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t
Gr
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u
s
i
n
g
C
o
m
s
o
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m
u
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n
d
th
e
3
D
P
lo
t
Gr
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p
3
C
o
m
s
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l
s
i
m
u
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n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
as
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Mu
ltil
i
n
e:
Ma
g
n
e
tic
f
l
u
x
d
en
s
it
y
n
o
r
m
(
T
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
Ma
g
n
etic
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
T
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Stre
am
lin
e
: M
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
it
y
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
A
r
r
o
w
s
u
r
f
ac
e
t
h
e
e
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
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h
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ig
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ize
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h
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o
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n
tr
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4
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d
th
e
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es
s
o
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1
2
7
m
m
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e
o
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ter
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t
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il
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1
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m
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n
n
er
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9
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7
4
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m
m
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Fi
g
u
r
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1
2
s
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w
s
th
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cr
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s
s
-
s
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o
f
t
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T
h
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m
ag
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etic
ac
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o
f
w
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p
lace
d
in
p
ar
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to
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ch
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er
in
s
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ch
a
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f
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m
a
D
C
m
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n
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f
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w
it
h
m
a
g
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(
H)
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d
ir
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ca
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ev
er
s
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H
m
a
k
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m
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tic
d
ip
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m
o
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ti
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t
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ield
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ter
th
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is
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b
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t
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m
a
g
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ield
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ed
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ip
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les
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f
ield
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atin
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ca
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ti
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t
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m
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ield
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m
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ated
w
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w
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r
eq
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.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Sch
e
m
atic
v
ie
w
o
f
th
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t
w
o
m
a
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tic
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co
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w
it
h
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r
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o
f
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ti
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Fig
u
r
e
1
2.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
s
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o
f
th
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co
il
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s
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
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lec
&
C
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m
p
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I
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N:
2
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R
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3097
3
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2
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Ana
ly
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l s
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W
h
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=
0
(
)
(
2
4
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=
(
2
5
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T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
w
s
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
v
alu
e
s
o
f
f
r
eq
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n
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y
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r
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ati
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f
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n
g
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r
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m
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e
s
o
f
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e
n
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n
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o
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u
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=
3
.
52
2
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2
6
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W
h
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i
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ater
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3
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1
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9
P
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3
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m
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8
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3
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ar
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o
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Fro
m
T
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le
4
,
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s
a
w
t
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e
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e
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o
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atio
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al
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e
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t
h
e
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en
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y
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a
s
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h
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n
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o
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h
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n
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er
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ab
le
5
s
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o
w
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if
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e
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en
t
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e
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lated
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h
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e
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m
2
a
n
d
m
3
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i
n
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if
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en
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n
g
t
h
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r
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1
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5
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m
m
w
it
h
t
h
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f
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e
n
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o
m
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l
s
i
m
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n
.
T
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le
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Dif
f
er
en
t
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u
es o
f
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
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lcu
la
ted
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i
t
h
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ar
io
u
s
le
n
g
th
f
r
o
m
(
1
-
5
)
m
m
L
(
mm
)
F
1
(
H
z
)
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
F
1
(
H
z
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C
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l
1
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0
0
3
9
9
4
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5
1
.
0
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5
2
2
5
2
2
4
.
6
1
1
3
8
2
5
1
5
3
.
2
3
0
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3
1
1
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1
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9
3
8
1
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2
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4
6
3
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1
5
2
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9
7
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4
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3
5
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9
3
7
8
3
9
1
8
.
8
3
9
5
5
=
64
2
4
2
4
2
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2
9
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8
2
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3
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P
a
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e
r
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(
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1
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(
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5
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10
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3
N
(
t
u
r
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50
B
(
0
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/
F
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F
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z
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0
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3
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3
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e
9
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
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p
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g
,
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,
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1
9
:
3
0
9
0
-
3099
3098
T
ab
le
5.
D
if
f
er
en
t
v
al
u
es o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
o
f
v
ib
r
atio
n
(
m
1
,
m
2
a
n
d
m
3
)
in
d
if
f
er
en
t le
n
g
t
h
f
r
o
m
(
1
-
5
)
m
m
L
(
mm
)
F
1
(
H
z
)
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
F
1
(
H
z
)
C
o
mso
l
F
2
(
H
z
)
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
F
2
(
H
z
)
C
o
mso
l
F
3
(
H
z
)
Eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
F
3
(
H
z
)
C
o
mso
l
1
1
.
0
0
8
9
9
4
e5
1
.
0
0
0
7
6
3
e
5
6
.
4
1
3
1
5
e
5
5
.
9
8
9
1
0
4
e
5
1
7
.
6
7
8
1
0
4
e
5
1
4
.
4
1
5
2
6
e
5
2
2
5
2
2
4
.
6
1
7
2
5
1
5
3
.
2
3
0
7
1
.
6
0
3
2
8
8
e
5
1
.
5
5
7
3
3
6
e
5
4
.
4
1
9
5
2
6
0
2
e
5
4
.
2
7
9
8
8
7
e
5
3
1
1
2
1
0
.
9
3
8
1
1
1
9
2
.
0
5
1
8
7
1
2
5
7
.
2
6
6
9
7
6
2
.
9
7
8
1
.
9
6
4
2
3
3
7
e
5
1
.
9
3
6
8
4
e
5
4
6
3
0
6
.
1
5
2
6
2
5
5
.
3
2
1
8
4
0
0
8
2
.
2
0
8
3
9
1
7
7
.
8
6
0
4
1
.
1
0
4
8
8
1
5
e
5
1
.
0
9
3
8
5
e
5
5
4
0
3
5
.
9
3
7
8
3
9
3
3
.
1
5
9
4
2
5
6
5
2
.
6
1
3
2
4
6
8
8
.
0
6
1
7
0
7
1
2
.
4
1
6
6
8
7
5
4
.
4
2
7
1
Fo
r
an
al
y
tica
l c
alcu
lat
io
n
s
,
v
i
b
r
atio
n
m
o
d
e
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
2
π
h
a
s
b
ee
n
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
A
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
e
c
y
li
n
d
er
is
m
ad
e
o
f
Sil
ica
g
la
s
s
in
ca
n
tile
v
er
w
i
th
d
=
1
2
5
*
1
0
-
6
m
,
E
=7
3
.
1
*
1
0
9
P
a,
ρ
=2
2
0
3
(
Kg
\
m
3
)
,
σ
=0
.
1
7
m
1
=1
.
8
7
5
,
m
2
=4
.
7
3
0
0
4
1
,
m
3
=
7
.
8
5
3
2
0
5
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es
o
f
t
u
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
in
cl
u
d
e
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
ca
n
tile
v
er
an
d
2
-
m
ag
n
et
s
an
d
co
il
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
s
izes,
m
ater
ials
o
f
t
h
e
ca
n
tile
v
er
,
s
o
u
r
ce
ap
p
l
y
f
o
r
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
(
laser
,
I
R
)
o
r
an
y
s
o
u
r
ce
w
o
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
m
atc
h
i
n
g
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e;
it
w
a
s
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
lo
ad
s
to
a
ca
n
tilev
er
is
t
h
e
b
est
m
eth
o
d
to
tu
n
e
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
v
ib
r
atio
n
b
ased
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
co
m
p
r
es
s
i
v
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
R
es
u
lts
f
r
o
m
m
a
n
y
test
s
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
ca
n
ti
lev
er
p
latf
o
r
m
s
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ca
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
g
o
o
d
s
en
s
it
iv
it
y
a
n
d
h
ig
h
r
eso
l
u
t
io
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
m
ater
ia
ls
w
ill
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
d
esi
g
n
i
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
ib
r
ati
o
n
s
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
to
ad
v
an
ce
t
h
e
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
o
f
th
e
d
esi
g
n
er
i
n
th
e
n
e
w
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
w
e
s
t
u
d
y
ca
n
tile
v
er
s
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
w
it
h
th
eir
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
(
)
.
Un
s
in
g
th
is
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
li
m
i
t
f
au
lts
(
er
r
o
r
s
)
o
f
o
p
tical
f
ib
er
laser
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
an
s
m
itter
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
y
s
te
m
(
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
)
f
o
r
an
y
ti
m
e
o
f
c
u
tti
n
g
co
il
w
h
e
n
th
e
s
ig
n
al
o
f
la
s
er
p
ass
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
il.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
lo
w
-
co
s
t
m
u
lt
ip
lex
ed
p
o
r
tab
le
o
p
tical
f
ib
r
e
laser
to
g
et
th
e
r
ig
h
t
n
e
w
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
.
I
n
o
u
r
f
u
tu
r
e
s
t
u
d
ies,
w
e
w
i
ll
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
b
y
a
r
is
e
t
h
e
t
u
r
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
il a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
d
ata
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
i
s
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
as
it
is
s
ca
lab
le
to
lar
g
er
ar
r
ay
s
f
o
r
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
b
io
lo
g
ica
l
an
d
ch
e
m
ical
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
a
v
rik
,
N.
V
.
;
S
e
p
a
n
iak
,
M
.
J.;
Da
tsk
o
s,
P
.
G
.
,
"
Ca
n
ti
lev
e
r
tran
sd
u
c
e
rs
a
s
a
p
lat
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
c
h
e
m
ica
l
a
n
d
b
i
o
lo
g
ica
l
se
n
so
rs
,"
Rev
iew o
f
S
c
ien
t
if
ic In
st
ru
me
n
ts
,
75
(
7
),
2
2
2
9
-
2
2
5
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
Ja
lal
Na
g
h
a
r,
Ot
m
a
n
Ag
h
z
o
u
t,
A
z
z
e
d
d
in
Na
g
h
a
r,
"
De
sig
n
S
tu
d
y
o
f
a
M
in
iatu
rize
d
M
u
lt
i
-
lay
e
r
e
d
A
n
ten
n
a
-
in
-
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
f
o
r
2
.
4
GH
Z
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l.
8
,
N
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
7
~
3
6
3
5
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
,
DO
I:1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
8
i5
.
p
p
3
6
2
7
-
3
6
3
5
[3
]
Zi
e
g
ler,
C.
"
Ca
n
ti
lev
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
b
io
se
n
so
rs.
A
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
a
n
d
Bio
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
Ch
e
m
istr
y
,
"
379
(7
-
8
)
,
9
4
6
-
9
5
9
.
S
e
n
so
rs
(
2
0
1
7
),
7
2
9
4
1
,
2
0
0
4
.
[4
]
Yi,
J.
W
.
;
S
h
ih
,
W
.
Y.;
S
h
ih
,
W
.
H.,
"
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
len
g
th
,
w
id
th
,
a
n
d
m
o
d
e
o
n
th
e
m
a
ss
d
e
te
c
ti
o
n
se
n
siti
v
it
y
o
f
p
iez
o
e
lec
tri
c
u
n
im
o
rp
h
c
a
n
ti
lev
e
rs,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s
,
91
,
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
L
a
v
rik
,
N.
V
.
;
Da
tsk
o
s,
P
.
G
.
,
"
F
e
m
to
g
ra
m
m
a
ss
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
p
h
o
to
t
h
e
rm
a
ll
y
a
c
tu
a
ted
n
a
n
o
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
re
so
n
a
to
r"
.
Ap
p
li
e
d
Ph
y
sic
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
82
(
1
6
),
2
6
9
7
-
2
6
9
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
Ili
c
,
B.
;
Cz
a
p
lew
sk
i,
D.;
Zala
lu
t
d
in
o
v
,
M
.
;
Cra
ig
h
e
a
d
,
H.
G
.
;
Ne
u
z
il
,
P
.
;
Ca
m
p
a
g
n
o
lo
,
C
.
;
Ba
tt
,
C.
,
"
S
in
g
le
c
e
ll
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
w
it
h
m
icro
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
o
sc
il
lato
rs
,
"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
V
a
c
u
u
m
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
B:
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Na
n
o
me
ter
S
tru
c
tu
re
s
,
19
(
6
),
2
8
2
5
-
2
8
2
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
Ca
rra
sc
o
sa
,
L
.
G
.
;
M
o
re
n
o
,
M
.
;
A
l
v
a
re
z
,
M
.
;
L
e
c
h
a
g
a
,
L
.
M
.
,
"
Na
n
o
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
b
io
se
n
so
rs:
A
n
e
w
se
n
sin
g
to
o
l
,
"
T
rAC
-
T
re
n
d
s
in
An
a
lytica
l
Ch
e
mistry
,
25
(
3
),
1
9
6
-
2
0
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
Ra
it
e
ri,
R.
;
G
r
a
tt
a
ro
la,
M
.
;
Bu
tt
,
H.
J.;
S
k
lad
a
l,
P
,
"
M
icro
m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
c
a
n
ti
lev
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
b
io
se
n
so
rs.
S
e
n
so
rs
a
n
d
Actu
a
t
o
rs
"
,
B:
Ch
e
mic
a
l
,
79
(2
-
3
)
,
1
1
5
-
1
2
6
,
2
0
0
1
.
[9
]
A
ll
e
n
,
M
.
G
.
"
D
e
sig
n
,
fa
b
rica
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
m
icro
a
c
tu
a
to
rs.
M
icro
M
a
c
h
i
n
e
a
n
d
Hu
m
a
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
"
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
Uz
a
iru
e
S
tan
le
y
,
V
icto
r
M
a
tt
h
e
w
s
Olu
,
Ch
a
rles
Oc
h
o
n
o
g
o
r,
Am
a
i
z
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te S
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;
6
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:
1
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5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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se
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ti
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5
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6
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.
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5
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a
u
re
K.
L
a
g
o
rc
e
,
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B.
,
"
M
a
g
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ti
c
M
icro
A
c
tu
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to
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Ba
se
d
o
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EE
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icro
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lec
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m
e
c
h
a
n
ica
l
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ste
m
s
, 2
-
9
,
2
0
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.
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6
]
T
a
m
a
y
o
J,
H.
A
.
,
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Ch
e
m
ica
l
se
n
so
rs
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n
d
b
i
o
se
n
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rs
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li
q
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e
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se
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icro
c
a
n
ti
lev
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r
s
w
it
h
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m
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li
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ied
q
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li
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f
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c
to
r
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m
icro
sc
o
p
y
,
1
6
7
–
1
7
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
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7
]
Hish
a
m
K.
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a
m
,
A
h
m
e
d
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.
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a
s,
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h
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.
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iraji
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o
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m
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.
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h
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i,
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ra
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teriz
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ti
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u
rn
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ime
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la
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ib
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ra
ti
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g
F
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b
ry
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ro
t
L
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se
rs”
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IEE
E
Ph
o
to
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ics
J
o
u
rn
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l
,
2
0
1
3
.
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dix
A.
T
h
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v
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tical
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tr
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ag
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f
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F
z
: a
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m
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g
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et
M
z:
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ted
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m
a
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tizatio
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V:
f
r
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;
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z
=
M
z
∫
dH
z
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∆
V
dV
(
3
1
)
B.
T
h
e
s
tatic
d
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lectio
n
o
f
a
ca
n
ti
lev
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b
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,
s
u
b
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ated
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g
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=
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=
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(
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C.
T
h
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ip
b
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w
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lectio
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m
p
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s
:
F
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=
−
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z
(
3
3
)
F:
Fo
r
ce
(
N)
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d
: d
ef
lectio
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ater
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(
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d
z
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lectio
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F:
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t
h
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p
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lied
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ater
ial,
l
m:
is
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m
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m
b
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d
c:
co
n
s
tan
t v
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ep
en
d
s
o
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c
a
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.