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f
I
GB
T
’
s
f
a
u
lts
i
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
Sin
ce
t
h
at,
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
o
w
er
e
lectr
o
n
ics
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
i
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
s
w
itch
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
[
12
]
.
A
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
t
u
d
y
[
14
]
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
h
al
f
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lts
i
n
s
w
i
tch
in
g
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
lies
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
DC
-
L
i
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lts
.
On
th
e
b
asi
s
o
f
th
i
s
w
o
r
k
'
s
th
e
o
r
y
[
14
]
,
a
n
ew
r
esear
c
h
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
o
n
[
12
]
d
e
d
u
ce
s
th
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
o
f
an
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
t
h
e
est
i
m
ated
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lts
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
cir
cu
its
i
s
ab
o
u
t
6
0
%
[
12
]
.
I
t
f
u
r
t
h
er
e
m
p
h
as
ized
th
at
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lt
s
r
ates
ar
e
h
ig
h
,
th
a
t
m
a
k
e
s
it
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
an
d
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
d
r
iv
es f
au
lts
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
I
n
[
16
]
,
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
th
e
D
C
-
l
in
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
tati
c
co
n
v
er
ter
s
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fau
lt
m
o
d
e
s
,
th
eir
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
lif
eti
m
e
m
o
d
els
ar
e
clar
i
f
ied
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
p
h
y
s
ics
o
f
f
ail
u
r
e
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
DC
-
li
n
k
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
DC
-
li
n
k
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
DC
-
li
n
k
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
f
a
u
lt
is
m
ater
ialized
b
y
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it.
T
h
is
k
i
n
d
o
f
f
au
lt
ca
n
m
ain
l
y
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
b
r
ea
k
s
in
co
n
n
ec
to
r
s
[
16
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
v
u
l
n
er
ab
le
to
d
ef
ec
ts
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
t
h
m
en
tio
n
i
n
g
th
at
th
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t ser
ies
r
es
is
tan
ce
(
E
S
R
)
o
f
th
e
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
in
cr
ea
s
es
w
it
h
ti
m
e.
I
n
o
r
d
in
ar
y
cir
c
u
its
,
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
d
o
es
n
o
t
ar
is
e,
h
o
w
e
v
er
w
h
e
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
p
ar
t
o
f
a
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
cir
cu
it,
th
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
s
er
ies
r
es
is
ta
n
c
e
ca
n
co
m
b
i
n
e
w
i
th
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
l
y
l
ea
d
to
s
elf
-
h
ea
ti
n
g
;
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
i
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ca
u
s
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lt.
On
t
h
i
s
f
ac
t,
a
n
o
th
er
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
D
C
-
l
in
k
co
n
d
itio
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
t
w
o
-
le
v
el
AC
/D
C
/
AC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
D
C
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
DC
-
li
n
k
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
.
An
o
n
li
n
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
s
er
ies
r
esi
s
ta
n
ce
(
E
SR
)
o
f
th
e
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
d
o
n
e
an
d
th
e
E
SR
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
s
u
s
ed
as
a
f
a
u
lt
i
n
d
ic
ato
r
[
17
]
.
Ma
n
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
s
t
u
d
ied
f
a
u
lt
s
in
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
I
GB
T
’
s
s
w
itc
h
es
f
a
u
lts
[
18
,
1
9
]
.
M
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
es
h
a
v
e
ci
ted
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
a
u
lts
in
th
eir
w
o
r
k
b
u
t
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
s
y
s
te
m
a
ticall
y
s
tu
d
ied
it
ex
t
en
s
i
v
el
y
[
11
,
20
].
Oth
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
21
]
h
av
e
co
m
m
en
ted
o
n
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
in
th
e
D
C
-
li
n
k
,
b
u
t o
n
l
y
f
o
r
a
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
m
o
m
e
n
t.
In
g
en
er
al,
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
es
w
er
e
d
o
n
e
o
n
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
f
a
u
lt
an
d
its
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
[
22
-
24
]
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
a
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
p
r
esen
t
ed
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
d
ef
ec
ts
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
m
o
to
r
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
an
i
n
v
er
ter
[
25
].
Ho
w
e
v
er
all
th
is
r
esear
ch
e
s
d
id
n
o
t
d
ea
l
w
it
h
it
s
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
r
ec
ti
f
ier
.
T
h
is
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ical
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
f
au
lt
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
s
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
b
ased
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
I
GB
T
’
s
s
w
it
ch
es
f
a
u
lt
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
m
p
t
s
u
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tif
ier
,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
in
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
w
o
r
k
,
an
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
b
ase
d
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
A
s
y
n
th
e
s
i
s
o
f
a
m
a
th
e
m
atica
l
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
t
f
a
u
lt
o
f
th
e
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
p
r
esen
te
d
.
A
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
t
h
is
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
th
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
w
a
s
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
s
y
n
t
h
es
is
o
f
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
an
a
l
y
s
is
.
I
ts
s
ig
n
a
tu
r
e
is
s
t
u
d
ied
an
d
its
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
t
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
,
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
)
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
o
b
ta
in
ed
r
esu
l
ts
ca
n
h
elp
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
a
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
s
y
s
te
m
as
w
e
ll a
s
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l p
r
o
tectio
n
s
y
s
te
m
d
esi
g
n
.
2.
DC
-
L
I
NK
CAP
A
CI
T
O
R
SH
O
RT
-
CIRC
UI
T
F
AUL
T
A
NALYS
I
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
i
g
h
l
ig
h
ts
t
h
at
DC
-
l
in
k
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lt
ca
n
d
a
m
ag
e
t
h
e
r
ec
tif
ier
i
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
f
u
s
e
s
ar
e
n
o
t
well
s
u
i
ted
,
an
d
also
s
to
p
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
an
elec
tr
ical
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
h
o
w
to
s
i
m
u
late
a
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
c
u
it
f
a
u
lt.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ied
elec
tr
ica
l
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
co
n
s
tr
u
c
ted
o
f
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
a
r
ec
tif
ier
,
an
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
f
au
lt
is
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
th
e
p
ar
allelin
g
o
f
a
n
id
ea
l
s
w
i
tch
K
w
it
h
t
h
e
D
C
-
l
in
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
w
h
ic
h
w
ill
b
e
clo
s
ed
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
l
t
ap
p
licatio
n
t=2
s
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
F
s
=
2
0
0
k
Hz
.
As
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
i
t
f
a
u
lt
ca
u
s
es
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es
a
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it
s
h
ar
in
g
a
co
m
m
o
n
b
r
an
ch
o
f
t
h
e
DC
-
li
n
k
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I
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t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
E
MF
r
etu
r
n
f
o
r
p
h
ase
-
A.
So
(
7
)
b
ec
o
m
es
:
=
.
+
(
/
)
+
(
8
)
af
ter
t
h
e
D
C
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ec
o
m
e
s
ze
r
o
a
s
i
n
d
icate
d
in
[
25
]
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
(
8
)
b
ec
o
m
e
s
:
−
=
.
+
(
/
)
(
9
)
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t (
t =
0
-
)
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
(
=
0
−
)
=
(
=
0
−
)
=
(
−
)
/
(
1
0
)
at
th
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
(
t
=
0
)
,
th
e
s
w
it
ch
K
is
clo
s
ed
,
th
u
s
cr
ea
tin
g
a
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
alo
n
g
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
Vd
c
b
ec
o
m
e
s
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
th
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
elec
tr
o
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
ce
s
b
eg
i
n
to
f
a
ll
o
v
er
ti
m
e.
So
(
1
0
)
b
ec
o
m
e
s
:
(
=
0
)
=
(
=
0
)
=
/
(
1
1
)
as
th
er
e
is
an
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
L
i
n
th
e
m
e
s
h
,
it
w
ill o
p
p
o
s
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t su
d
d
en
,
s
o
it c
an
n
o
t c
h
an
g
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
l
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
w
ill
f
o
ll
o
w
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
o
lu
tio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
elo
w
i
n
(
1
2
)
.
=
(
/
)
/
(
1
−
−
)
(
1
2
)
T
h
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
in
d
e
f
i
n
itel
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
r
e
s
is
to
r
R
p
r
esen
ce
.
T
h
e
ti
m
e
co
n
s
ta
n
t
τ
d
e
f
in
e
s
t
h
e
ti
m
e
n
e
ce
s
s
ar
y
to
eli
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
s
tato
r
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
a
n
s
ie
n
t
e
f
f
ec
ts
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
tead
y
s
tate,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
b
ec
o
m
es
ze
r
o
,
w
h
ic
h
c
au
s
e
s
an
i
m
m
ed
ia
te
s
h
u
td
o
wn
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
3.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
I
N
T
E
RP
R
E
T
AT
I
O
N
T
I
n
th
is
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
is
lo
ad
ed
at
ti
m
e
t=
1
s
w
i
th
a
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
C
l
=2
0
N.
m
.
T
h
e
f
au
lt
is
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
clo
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
w
itch
K
at
t=
2s
.
I
t c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
th
at
th
e
DC
-
l
in
k
v
o
lta
g
e
Vd
c
is
m
a
in
ta
in
ed
s
tab
le
o
v
er
its
r
a
ted
v
alu
e
in
t
h
e
h
ea
lt
h
y
s
tate.
A
t
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lt
ap
p
licatio
n
,
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
b
ec
o
m
e
s
al
m
o
s
t
ze
r
o
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
in
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
ts
o
n
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
id
e
ar
e
n
o
ted
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
th
at
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
t
h
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
ab
s
o
r
b
e
d
cu
r
r
en
t
f
all
to
ze
r
o
j
u
s
t
af
ter
th
e
f
a
u
lt
is
h
a
p
p
en
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
tato
r
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
.
A
p
p
ea
r
an
ce
s
o
f
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
tr
an
s
i
en
t
c
u
r
r
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
ted
at
th
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
to
r
ea
ch
a
ze
r
o
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
th
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
w
as
r
u
n
n
in
g
at
its
n
o
m
in
al
s
p
ee
d
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
au
lt
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
At
t
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
g
r
ad
u
all
y
d
e
cr
ea
s
es
u
n
til
it
b
ec
o
m
es
ze
r
o
;
t
h
at
is
,
t
h
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
s
tar
ts
to
s
lo
w
d
o
w
n
s
lo
w
l
y
u
n
til
it
s
to
p
s
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
th
at
w
h
en
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
ap
p
lied
lo
ad
,
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
is
ze
r
o
.
W
h
en
th
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
m
o
to
r
is
lo
ad
ed
,
it
in
cr
ea
s
es
an
d
r
ea
ch
es
th
at
lo
ad
to
r
q
u
e
r
ated
v
alu
e
.
As
s
o
o
n
as
th
e
f
a
u
lt
ap
p
ea
r
s
,
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
to
r
q
u
e
im
m
ed
iatel
y
ta
k
es
a
v
er
y
lar
g
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
v
alu
e
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
ze
r
o
.
DC
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
f
au
lt
ca
n
b
e
a
s
er
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
lem
if
th
e
m
o
to
r
is
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
at
h
i
g
h
s
p
ee
d
an
d
h
a
s
h
i
g
h
in
er
tia.
Gr
ea
ter
w
ill b
e
t
h
e
i
n
er
tia,
lo
n
g
e
r
w
i
ll b
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
m
o
t
iv
e
f
o
r
ce
r
etu
r
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
ti
m
e.
T
h
ese
elec
tr
o
m
o
ti
v
e
f
o
r
c
es
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
an
d
ca
n
ce
l
w
i
th
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
es
cr
ea
t
in
g
lar
g
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
.
O
n
th
e
r
ec
t
if
ier
an
d
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
id
e
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
m
a
k
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
r
is
e
at
v
er
y
lar
g
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
a
n
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
e
d
eter
io
r
atio
n
r
is
k
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
elec
tr
o
n
ic
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
v
er
y
p
r
esen
t.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
o
u
r
elec
tr
ical
d
r
i
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
g
i
v
e
n
as s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
es 5
-
11.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
0
7
-
2814
2812
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
DC
-
l
in
k
-
v
o
lta
g
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ec
tifie
r
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
id
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
lta
g
es
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
tat
o
r
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
I
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
R
o
tatio
n
s
p
ee
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
E
lectr
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
to
r
q
u
e
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
D
C
-
l
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
V
)
1
.
9
1
.
9
5
2
2
.
0
5
2
.
1
-
1
5
0
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1
0
0
-
5
0
0
50
100
150
T
i
m
e
(
s
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
A
)
1
.
9
1
.
9
5
2
2
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2
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1
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3
0
0
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2
0
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0
0
100
200
300
T
i
m
e
(
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)
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o
l
t
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g
e
(
V
)
1
.
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1
.
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2
.
0
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2
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1
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10
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i
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e
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t
(
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1
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20
T
i
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e
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u
r
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t
(
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5
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500
1000
1500
2000
T
i
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e
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o
t
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t
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o
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T
i
m
e
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s
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e
l
e
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t
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o
m
a
g
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t
i
c
t
o
r
q
u
e
(
N
.
m
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
S
h
o
r
t
-
circu
it fa
u
lt d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
o
f th
e
DC
-
Lin
k
ca
p
a
cito
r
a
n
d
its
imp
a
ct
o
n
… (
Mo
h
a
med
A
mi
n
e
K
h
elif
)
2813
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
m
ai
n
l
y
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
ir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt
o
n
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
an
d
m
ec
h
an
ica
l
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
a
n
en
tire
elec
tr
ical
d
r
iv
e
s
y
s
te
m
;
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
an
i
n
d
u
ct
io
n
m
o
to
r
p
o
w
er
ed
b
y
a
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
s
y
s
te
m
(
a
r
ec
tif
ier
,
a
DC
-
li
n
k
a
n
d
an
in
v
er
ter
)
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
y
an
d
th
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tic
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
b
y
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
allo
w
ed
u
s
to
g
at
h
er
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
n
t
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
th
e
r
ec
ti
f
ier
,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
d
u
r
in
g
a
Dc
-
li
n
k
ca
p
ac
i
to
r
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
f
a
u
lt.
Deta
ile
d
an
al
y
s
i
s
ce
r
tain
l
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
t
h
e
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
g
o
o
d
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
as
w
ell
a
s
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
.
V
a
sh
ish
th
a
,
K.R.
Re
k
h
a
,
"
A
S
u
rv
e
y
:
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
to
r
P
W
M
(
S
VP
W
M
)
i
n
3
φ
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
o
u
rc
e
In
v
e
rter
(V
S
I)
,
"
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
),
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
A
.
Ra
m
e
sh
,
O.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
S
e
k
h
a
r,
M
.
S
iv
a
Ku
m
a
r,
"
A
No
v
e
l
T
h
re
e
P
h
a
se
M
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
In
v
e
rter
w
it
h
S
in
g
le
DC
L
in
k
f
o
r
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
Driv
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
7
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
A
.
S
u
re
sh
Ku
m
a
r,
R.
K.
P
o
n
g
ian
n
a
n
,
C.
B
h
a
ra
ti
ra
ja,
A
d
e
d
a
y
o
Yu
su
f
,
N.
Ya
d
a
iah
,
"
No
n
iso
late
d
c
o
u
p
led
c
o
n
v
e
rter
ti
e
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rter
Driv
e
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m
(
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
6
5
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
A
.
M
.
S
h
i
d
d
i
q
Yu
n
u
s,
M
a
k
m
u
r
S
a
in
i,
A
h
m
e
d
A
b
u
-
S
iad
a
,
"
D
y
n
a
m
ic
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
DFIG
a
n
d
F
CW
ECS
d
u
ri
n
g
g
rid
f
a
u
lt
s,
"
T
EL
KOM
NI
KA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
)
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
pp.
1
0
4
0
-
1
0
4
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
A
.
C.
S
u
b
ra
ta,
T
.
S
u
ti
k
n
o
,
A
.
Z.
Jid
in
,
"
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
A
d
ju
sta
b
le
S
p
e
e
d
Driv
e
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
f
M
a
tri
x
Co
n
v
e
rter
F
e
d
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
,
"
in
o
f
th
e
5
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
ics
(
EE
CS
I
2
0
1
8
)
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
M
.
Riera
-
G
u
a
sp
,
J.
A
.
A
n
to
n
i
n
o
-
Da
v
iu
,
G
.
A
.
Ca
p
o
li
n
o
,
"
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
m
a
c
h
in
e
,
p
o
w
e
r
e
le
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
d
riv
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
a
n
d
f
a
u
lt
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
:
S
tate
o
f
th
e
a
rt"
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
62
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
6
–
1
7
5
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[7
]
Y.
L
iu
a
n
d
A
.
M
.
Ba
z
z
i,
"
A
re
v
iew
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
d
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
iag
n
o
sis
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
sq
u
irrel
-
c
a
g
e
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
rs:
S
tate
o
f
th
e
a
rt,
"
IS
A
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
0
,
p
p
.
4
0
0
-
4
0
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[8
]
M
.
Ha
d
jam
i,
H.
Ra
z
i
k
,
M
.
E.
K.
Ou
m
a
a
m
a
r,
A
.
K
e
z
z
a
r,
"
A
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
Ca
g
e
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
a
c
h
in
e
De
d
ica
ted
to
th
e
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
th
e
In
n
e
r
Ra
c
e
Be
a
rin
g
F
a
u
lt
,
"
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
5
8
-
4
7
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[9
]
M
.
A
ti
g
,
M
.
Bo
u
h
e
ra
o
u
a
,
A
.
F
e
k
ik
,
"
A
n
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
tal
In
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
He
a
ti
n
g
in
In
d
u
c
ti
o
n
M
o
to
r
u
n
d
e
r
Op
e
n
P
h
a
se
F
a
u
lt
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
8
-
1
2
9
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
S
.
L
a
c
h
tar,
A
.
G
h
o
g
g
a
l,
K.
Ko
u
ss
a
,
A
.
Bo
u
ra
io
u
,
I.
A
tt
o
u
i
,
"
Bro
k
e
n
ro
t
o
r
b
a
r
f
a
u
lt
d
iag
n
o
stic f
o
r
DT
C
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
u
sin
g
sta
to
r
in
sta
n
tan
e
o
u
s
c
o
m
p
lex
a
p
p
a
re
n
t
p
o
w
e
r
e
n
v
e
lo
p
e
sig
n
a
tu
re
a
n
a
ly
sis,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
m (
IJ
PE
DS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
7
-
1
1
9
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
D.
K
a
sth
a
,
B
.
K.
B
o
se
,
"
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
m
o
d
e
s
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
-
fe
d
i
n
v
e
rter
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
in
d
u
c
t
io
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
u
st.
Ap
p
l
,
v
o
l
.
30
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
8
–
1
0
3
8
,
1
9
9
4
.
[1
2
]
F
.
W
.
F
u
c
h
s,
"
S
o
m
e
d
iag
n
o
sis
m
e
th
o
d
s
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
in
v
e
rters
in
v
a
riab
le
s
p
e
e
d
d
riv
e
s
w
it
h
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
-
a
su
rv
e
y
,
"
in
IECON'0
3
.
2
9
th
An
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
I
EE
E
In
d
u
stri
a
l
E
lec
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iet
y
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
3
]
B.
Bisw
a
s,
S
.
Da
s,
P
.
P
u
rk
a
it
,
M
.
S
.
M
a
n
d
a
l
a
n
d
D.
M
it
ra
,
A
.
J.M
.
Ca
rd
o
so
,
"
Cu
rre
n
t
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
a
n
a
ly
sis o
f
in
v
e
rt
er
-
f
e
d
in
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
sy
st
e
m
u
n
d
e
r
f
a
u
lt
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,
"
Dia
g
n
o
s
ti
c
s
f
o
r
e
lec
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
,
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
riv
e
s,
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
u
lt
iCo
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
ti
sts
2
0
0
9
,
IM
ECS
2
0
0
9
,
v
o
l.
2
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
A
.
L
a
h
y
a
n
i
,
P
.
V
e
n
e
t
,
G
.
G
re
ll
e
t
,
P.
-
J.
V
iv
e
rg
e
,
"
F
a
il
u
re
p
re
d
icti
o
n
o
f
e
lec
tro
l
y
ti
c
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
d
u
ri
n
g
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
sw
it
c
h
m
o
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
su
p
p
ly
,
"
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
.
,
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
9
–
1
2
0
7
,
1
9
9
8
[1
5
]
S
e
y
e
d
M
o
h
se
n
M
iry
o
u
se
f
i
Av
a
l,
Am
ir
A
h
a
d
i,
"
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
W
in
d
T
u
rb
in
e
S
y
ste
m
s’
Co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts,
"
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
t
ics
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
-
1
6
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
H.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
F
.
Blaa
b
jerg
,
"
Re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
rs
f
o
r
DC
-
li
n
k
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic
c
o
n
v
e
r
ters
-
A
n
o
v
e
rv
ie
w
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
I
n
d
.
A
p
p
l
,
v
o
l.
5
0
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
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T
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),
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p
a
n
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rre
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tl
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tri
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y
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a
n
,
(UST
O
-
M
B)
A
l
g
e
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His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
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:
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e
c
tri
c
a
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a
c
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s
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Driv
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s
M
o
d
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ll
in
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n
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tri
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s
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tri
c
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c
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s a
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d
d
r
iv
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s F
a
u
lt
s Dia
g
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o
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n
d
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lera
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w
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-
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l
g
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in
2
0
1
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
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ly
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e
is
P
h
.
D
d
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