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I
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126
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u
m
v
o
ltag
e
g
ain
is
li
m
ited
b
y
t
h
e
r
esis
to
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l
o
ad
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
b
ias
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r
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n
t
s
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e
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esis
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m
e
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n
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ar
y
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v
o
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e
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w
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th
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u
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led
P
MO
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n
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
e
n
h
an
ce
d
b
y
ca
n
ce
lin
g
th
e
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ad
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esis
ta
n
ce
w
it
h
n
e
g
ati
v
e
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esis
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ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
MO
S
tr
an
s
is
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as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
(
b
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an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c)
.
A
l
s
o
,
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e
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o
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e
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ig
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r
e
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NF)
o
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er
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n
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m
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h
e
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ed
g
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in
as
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o
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n
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n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
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h
e
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i
m
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la
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at
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t
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d
B
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m
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r
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en
t
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ie
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h
t
h
e
P
MO
S
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ti
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e
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ad
at
h
ig
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er
o
f
f
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et
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h
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in
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g
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r
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3
ca
n
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e
d
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n
ed
to
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ate
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ad
r
atu
r
e
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n
al
s
w
h
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le
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o
r
m
in
g
t
h
e
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r
eq
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e
n
c
y
m
ix
i
n
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
s
ev
er
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
V
C
Os
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
P
-
QV
C
O
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
w
o
V
C
Os
ar
e
co
u
p
led
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
ar
allel
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
M
cpl
.
T
h
e
p
ar
allel
tr
an
s
is
to
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co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
lar
g
e
p
h
ase
n
o
is
e
to
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e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
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s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
S
-
Q
VC
O
i
n
w
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ic
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t
w
o
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Os
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e
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u
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led
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g
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e
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ies
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u
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n
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n
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a
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a
s
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io
n
.
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h
e
S
-
QVCO
d
is
p
la
y
s
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
in
g
le
-
S
ta
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Qu
a
d
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s
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127
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ce
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ter
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i
m
u
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s
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w
s
th
at
t
h
e
B
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C
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h
as lar
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ase
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d
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l
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d
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s
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O
an
d
S
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C
O.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Si
m
u
lated
v
o
lta
g
e
g
ain
(
a)
lo
ad
r
esis
to
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o
n
l
y
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(
b
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o
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esis
to
r
ad
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e
d
w
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MO
S
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tiv
e
lo
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d
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c)
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e
s
ig
n
al
s
w
in
g
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m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t P
MO
S lo
a
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Si
m
u
lated
d
o
u
b
le
s
i
d
eb
an
d
(
DSB
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o
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e
f
ig
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r
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o
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th
e
s
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n
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le
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m
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er
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it
h
an
d
w
it
h
o
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t th
e
P
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ad
R
L
[
Ohm]
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Volt
ag
e Gain [
dB]
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
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i
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V
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32
5 V
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33
V
R
L
[
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3000
3500
4000
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5000
5500
6000
Volt
ag
e Gain [
dB]
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Vb
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32
V
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=0
.
32
5 V
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33
V
Time
[
s
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4e-6
6e-6
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Am
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ude
[
V]
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5
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10
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R
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put
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oad
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8
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16
18
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
2
4
–
1
3
2
128
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sev
er
al
QVC
O
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
(
a)
P
-
QVCO,
(
b
)
S
-
QV
C
O
,
an
d
(
c)
B
G
-
QVC
O
Sev
er
al
Q
L
M
Vs
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
b
ased
o
n
th
e
QV
C
O
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
E
a
ch
Q
L
MV
h
as t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
er
it
s
an
d
d
e
m
e
r
its
o
f
ea
c
h
QV
C
O
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
L
N
A
p
ar
t in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
is
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
a
s
m
a
ll
s
ize
ex
tr
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
g
ate
a
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
w
h
ic
h
en
ab
le
s
to
ap
p
ly
a
p
o
w
er
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co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ed
s
i
m
u
ltan
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u
s
n
o
i
s
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
atc
h
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g
(
P
C
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tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
lo
w
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p
o
w
er
d
esi
g
n
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
m
all
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s
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g
n
al
eq
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i
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t
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in
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r
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d
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h
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n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
S
in
g
le
-
S
ta
g
e
Qu
a
d
r
a
tu
r
e
LM
V
s
(
N
a
m
-
Jin
Oh
)
129
)
(
)
(
)
1
(
5
5
1
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5
1
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(
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
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s
g
s
gs
m
s
gs
s
g
gs
d
s
m
L
L
R
C
g
c
c
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C
c
L
L
C
g
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F
(
7
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m
n
g
R
1
(
8
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gs
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opt
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j
c
C
C
c
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c
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(
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,
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t
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gs
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,
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d
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is
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e
c
u
to
f
f
f
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en
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d
is
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g
m
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esp
ec
tiv
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h
e
in
p
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m
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in
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t
t
s
m
in
L
j
C
j
C
L
g
Z
1
(
1
1
)
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
QL
MV
s
.
(
a)
P
-
QVCO
L
MV
,
(
b
)
S
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I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
1
2
4
–
1
3
2
132
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lated
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5
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m
T
SMC
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tech
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o
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f
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n
t
-
en
d
r
ec
eiv
er
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T.
-
P
.
W
a
n
g
,
C.
-
C.
Ch
a
n
g
,
R.
-
C.
L
iu
e
t
a
l.
“
A
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
o
sc
il
lato
r
m
i
x
e
r
in
0
.
1
8
-
µm
CM
OS
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
2
0
0
6
;
5
4
(1
);
88
-
9
5
.
[2
]
A
.
L
isc
id
in
i,
A
.
M
a
z
z
a
n
ti
,
R.
T
o
n
ietto
,
L
.
V
a
n
d
i
,
P
.
A
n
d
re
a
n
i,
a
n
d
R.
Ca
ste
ll
o
,
“
S
i
n
g
le
-
sta
g
e
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
RF
re
c
e
iv
e
r
f
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
:
T
h
e
L
M
V
c
e
ll
,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
i
ts
,
2
0
0
6
;
41
(
12
);
28
3
2
-
2
8
4
1
.
[3
]
F.
Be
h
b
a
h
a
n
i
et
a
l.
“
A
27
-
mW
GPS
ra
d
i
o
in
0
.
3
5
µ
m
CM
OS
,
”
IEE
E
In
t.
S
o
li
d
-
S
tate
Circu
it
s
Co
n
f
.
Dig
.
T
e
c
h
.
P
a
p
e
rs
.
2
0
0
2
;
3
9
8
-
3
9
9
.
[4
]
J.
v
a
n
d
e
r
T
a
n
g
a
n
d
D.
Ka
sp
e
r
k
o
v
it
z
,
“
A
0
.
9
–
2
.
2
GHz
mo
n
o
li
th
ic
q
u
a
d
ra
t
u
re
mix
e
r
o
sc
il
la
to
r
fo
r
d
i
re
c
t
-
c
o
n
v
e
rs
io
n
sa
telli
te
re
c
e
ive
rs
,”
IEE
E
In
t.
S
o
l
id
-
S
tate
Circu
i
ts
Co
n
f
.
Dig
.
T
e
c
h
.
P
a
p
e
rs,
1
9
9
7
;
88
-
89.
[5
]
Na
m
-
Jin
Oh
,
“
A
sin
g
le
-
st
a
g
e
lo
w
-
p
o
we
r
d
o
u
b
le
-
b
a
la
n
c
e
d
m
ix
e
r
m
e
rg
e
d
w
it
h
L
N
A
a
n
d
V
CO
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
2
0
1
7
;
7
(
1
);
1
5
2
-
1
5
9
.
[6
]
Na
m
-
Jin
Oh
,
“
A
S
in
g
le
-
S
tag
e
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r
RF
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
F
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
:
S
e
ries
-
Re
so
n
a
to
r
b
a
se
d
L
M
V
c
e
ll
,”
IET
E
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
Rev
iew
,
2
0
1
5
;
32
(1
)
;
61
-
6
9
.
[7
]
P
.
A
n
d
re
a
n
i
,
A.
Bo
n
f
a
n
ti
,
a
n
d
C.
S
a
m
o
ri
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
1
.
8
-
G
Hz
CM
OS
LC
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
V
CO
,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
i
ts
,
2
0
0
2
;
3
7
(
1
2
)
;
1
7
3
7
-
1
7
4
7
.
[8
]
H.
-
R.
Kim
,
C.
-
Y.
Ch
a
,
S
.
-
M
.
O
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
v
e
r
y
lo
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
V
CO
w
it
h
b
a
c
k
-
g
a
te
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
,”
IEE
E
J
.
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
i
ts
,
2
0
0
4
;
3
9
(
6
);
9
5
2
-
9
5
5
.
[9
]
T
.
H.
L
e
e
,
“
T
h
e
De
sig
n
o
f
CM
OS
Ra
d
i
o
-
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Circ
u
it
s
,”
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
,
U.
K.:
Ca
m
b
rid
g
e
Un
iv
.
P
re
ss
,
1
9
9
9
.
[1
0
]
T.
-
K.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
C.
-
H.
Ki
m
,
G
.
-
K.
Ih
m
e
t
a
l.
,
“
CM
OS
lo
w
-
n
o
ise
a
m
p
li
f
ier
d
e
sig
n
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
M
icr
o
w.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
2
0
0
4
;
5
2
(
5
);
p
p
.
1
4
3
3
-
1
4
4
2
.
[1
1
]
Na
m
-
Jin
Oh
,
“
Co
rre
c
ti
o
n
s
to
„
C
M
OS
lo
w
-
n
o
ise
a
m
p
li
f
ier
d
e
sig
n
o
p
t
im
iza
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,”
IEE
E
T
ra
ns
.
M
icr
o
w
.
T
h
e
o
ry
T
e
c
h
.
,
2
0
0
7
;
5
5
(
6
);
1
2
5
5
.
[1
2
]
T.
-
V
.
Ho
i,
N.
T
.
L
a
n
h
,
N.
X
.
T
ru
o
n
g
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
f
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
f
o
r
sa
telli
te
re
c
e
iv
e
r
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
2
0
1
6
;
6
(5
);
2
2
8
2
-
2
2
9
0
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
Na
m
-
J
in
O
h
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
h
y
sic
s
f
ro
m
Ha
n
y
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
e
o
u
l,
K
o
re
a
,
in
1
9
9
2
,
th
e
M
.
S
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
No
rth
Ca
ro
li
n
a
S
tate
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ra
leig
h
,
NC,
USA
,
in
1
9
9
9
,
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
Ko
re
a
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
−
I
T
Co
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
Ca
m
p
u
s
(K
AIST
−
I
CC
)
(f
o
r
m
e
rl
y
th
e
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Un
iv
e
rsity
),
Da
e
jeo
n
,
Ko
re
a
,
in
2
0
0
6
.
F
ro
m
1
9
9
2
to
1
9
9
7
,
h
e
w
a
s
w
it
h
LG
Co
rp
o
ra
te
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
S
e
o
u
l,
Ko
re
a
.
F
r
o
m
1
9
9
9
to
2
0
0
1
,
h
e
w
a
s
w
it
h
S
a
m
su
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
S
u
w
o
n
,
Ko
re
a
.
F
r
o
m
2
0
0
6
t
o
2
0
0
7
,
h
e
w
a
s
w
it
h
A
u
to
-
ID
Lab
.
,
F
u
d
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ch
in
a
,
a
s
a
p
o
st
-
d
o
c
to
r.
He
j
o
in
e
d
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ko
re
a
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rs
it
y
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rtatio
n
(f
o
rm
e
rl
y
Ch
u
n
g
j
u
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsity
),
Ko
re
a
,
in
2
0
0
7
,
w
h
e
re
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
s
so
c
iate
p
ro
f
e
ss
o
r.
Hi
s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
f
o
c
u
se
d
o
n
a
n
a
lo
g
a
n
d
m
ix
e
d
-
sig
n
a
l
in
teg
ra
ted
c
ircu
it
s,
d
ig
it
a
l
in
teg
ra
te
d
c
ircu
it
s,
sy
st
e
m
le
v
e
l
b
e
h
a
v
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ra
l
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
w
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les
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c
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m
m
u
n
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ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
d
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v
ice
m
o
d
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li
n
g
o
f
CM
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a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
c
ircu
it
s.
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