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f
E
lect
rica
l a
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Co
m
p
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r
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ring
(
I
J
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CE
)
Vo
l.
1
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.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
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2
,
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.
1
0
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~
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.
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.
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1011
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ttp
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Efficien
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i
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ize
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m
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ti
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th
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w
e
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w
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h
a
n
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ti
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b
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se
d
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A
CH
(
L
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LE
A
CH).
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h
e
p
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d
p
ro
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ize
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s,
u
sin
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m
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a
d
d
it
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t
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e
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d
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ter
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M
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TL
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L
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,
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t
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m
s
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e
n
e
rg
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o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
n
e
tw
o
rk
li
f
e
ti
m
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lu
s
ter
i
n
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E
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
L
E
AC
H
Net
w
o
r
k
li
f
eti
m
e
W
ir
eless
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
a
m
m
ed
R
éd
a
E
l O
u
ad
i
Mo
h
a
m
m
ad
ia
Sc
h
o
o
l o
f
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
,
Mo
h
a
m
m
ed
V
Un
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
R
ab
at,
Mo
r
o
cc
o
E
m
ail: e
lo
u
ad
i.
m
r
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
w
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
SNs
)
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
r
ap
id
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
eir
u
s
e
i
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
ield
s
an
d
d
o
m
a
in
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
m
ilit
ar
y
d
o
m
ain
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
h
ea
lth
ap
p
licatio
n
[
3
]
,
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
[
4
]
,
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
[
5
]
an
d
an
o
t
h
er
s
i
m
ilar
ar
ea
.
W
SNs
ar
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es,
w
h
ich
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
r
ea
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Sen
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
h
av
e
m
i
n
i
m
al
en
er
g
y
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
6
]
.
Gen
er
all
y
,
it
i
s
d
i
f
f
icu
l
t
to
r
ep
lace
o
r
ch
an
g
e
t
h
eir
b
atte
r
ies,
o
n
ce
t
h
e
y
ar
e
ex
h
a
u
s
ted
[
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
m
is
s
io
n
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
en
er
g
y
i
s
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
c
h
alle
n
g
e
to
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
in
W
SN,
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
t
h
e
W
SN
li
f
eti
m
e
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
R
an
d
o
m
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es i
n
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
ar
ea
is
n
o
t a
n
ef
f
icie
n
t c
o
n
ce
p
t to
c
o
n
s
er
v
e
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
lo
ad
b
alan
cin
g
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
es.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
to
o
r
g
an
ize
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
is
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
w
h
ich
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izi
n
g
n
o
d
es
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
clu
s
ter
s
)
[
9
]
,
w
ith
co
m
p
lia
n
ce
w
i
th
ce
r
tain
m
etr
ics.
C
l
u
s
ter
s
ar
e
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
a
n
d
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
is
elec
te
d
lead
er
an
d
ca
lled
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
(
C
H)
.
T
h
e
C
H
is
t
h
e
e
s
s
e
n
tia
l
ele
m
e
n
t
i
n
t
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t,
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
to
m
a
k
e
a
s
p
ec
ial
tas
k
s
u
c
h
as:
co
llec
t
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
ll
o
th
er
cl
u
s
ter
n
o
d
es,
ag
g
r
eg
ate
d
ata
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
it
it
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
B
as
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
:
1
0
1
1
-
1017
1012
s
tatio
n
(
B
S)
o
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
m
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
[
1
0
]
.
Sev
er
al
w
o
r
k
s
h
av
e
o
f
f
er
ed
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
ex
ten
d
lif
et
i
m
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
b
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
a
t
m
in
i
m
ize
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
u
c
h
as:
r
e
s
id
u
al
en
er
g
y
o
f
n
o
d
es,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
i
n
W
SN,
c
l
u
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
el
ec
tio
n
,
r
o
u
ti
n
g
,
an
d
d
ata
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
ex
te
n
d
i
n
g
li
f
eti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
al
w
a
y
s
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
f
o
r
m
an
y
W
SN
s
t
h
at
r
e
q
u
ir
e
o
th
er
m
etr
ics
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
eir
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
th
eir
p
r
in
cip
al
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
s
u
c
h
as
,
s
p
ee
d
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
r
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
io
d
[
1
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
SN c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
tial
l
y
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
in
t
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
ar
e
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
t,
a
n
d
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
lo
w
-
e
n
er
g
y
ad
ap
ti
v
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
h
ier
ar
ch
y
(
L
E
AC
H)
p
r
o
to
co
l
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
an
ticip
ated
d
ea
th
o
f
n
o
d
es
i
n
L
E
AC
H,
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
an
ef
f
ic
ien
t
n
o
d
es
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
in
n
et
w
o
r
k
an
d
an
ef
f
icien
t CH
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ca
p
ab
le
to
allo
w
a
m
in
i
m
a
l e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
lo
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
li
f
eti
m
e.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
a
m
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ased
L
E
AC
H
(
C
L
O
C
-
L
E
AC
H)
,
t
h
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
a
n
e
w
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
lo
ca
tio
n
b
ased
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H)
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
is
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
d
en
ab
le
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
b
y
o
r
g
an
izi
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
t
wo
r
k
in
to
f
o
u
r
cl
u
s
ter
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
.
E
ac
h
cl
u
s
ter
i
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
n
o
d
es
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
to
th
e
s
a
m
e
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
ar
ea
,
an
d
an
o
p
ti
m
al
C
H
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
.
T
h
e
C
Hs
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
eir
a
g
g
r
eg
ated
p
ac
k
et
to
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
o
f
a
ti
m
e
d
i
v
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
(
T
DM
A
)
s
ch
ed
u
le
o
f
ea
ch
C
H.
Gate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
co
llect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
all
C
Hs
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
s
a
n
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
p
ac
k
et
to
B
S.
T
h
e
r
em
ai
n
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
s
ec
ti
o
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
r
elate
d
w
o
r
k
s
.
W
h
ile
s
ec
tio
n
3
p
r
esen
t
s
L
E
A
C
H,
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
an
d
d
escr
ib
es
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
C
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
alo
n
g
w
i
th
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
ar
e
s
i
m
u
lated
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
e
d
.
L
astl
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
g
iv
e
s
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
u
ltip
le
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
u
s
e
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
t
to
o
r
g
an
ize
s
en
s
o
r
s
n
o
d
es
an
d
p
r
o
lo
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
li
f
eti
m
e.
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
o
f
t
h
ese
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
s
e
v
er
al
r
esear
c
h
es
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
n
e
w
co
n
ce
p
ts
to
e
x
ten
d
t
h
e
lif
e
ti
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
W
SN
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
I
n
2
0
0
2
,
an
en
h
a
n
ce
d
L
E
AC
H
v
er
s
io
n
n
a
m
ed
L
E
AC
H
ce
n
tr
alize
d
(
L
E
AC
H
-
C
)
[
1
5
]
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
t
u
s
es
a
n
e
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
C
Hs
ar
e
ch
o
s
e
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
b
o
th
p
r
in
cip
al
m
etr
ics,
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
.
E
ac
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
s
its
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
to
B
S.
O
n
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
th
i
s
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
t
h
e
B
S
d
ef
i
n
es
n
o
d
es
th
e
C
Hs.
E
ac
h
o
r
d
in
ar
y
n
o
d
e
w
ill
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
it
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
C
H.
An
a
v
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
is
c
alcu
lated
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
C
H
s
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
is
el
ec
ted
C
H
o
n
l
y
i
f
it
s
r
esid
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
is
le
s
s
t
h
an
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
en
er
g
y
.
L
o
s
cr
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
t
w
o
lev
el
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
(
T
L
-
L
E
A
C
H)
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
co
llect
ed
in
ea
c
h
c
lu
s
ter
as
o
r
ig
i
n
al
L
E
AC
H.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
u
s
e
t
w
o
lev
el
s
o
f
C
Hs
w
h
en
tr
a
n
s
m
itt
in
g
d
ata
to
th
e
B
S.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t le
v
e
l CH
s
t
h
at
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
to
t
h
e
B
S a
r
e
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as p
r
i
m
a
r
y
C
H
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
lev
el
o
f
C
Hs
i
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
to
as
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
C
H
s
.
T
h
ese
C
Hs
g
at
h
er
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
n
o
d
es
o
f
t
h
eir
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
E
fficien
t o
r
g
a
n
iz
a
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
en
s
o
r
n
etw
o
r
ks
…
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
R
éd
a
E
l O
u
a
d
i
)
1013
clu
s
ter
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
a
n
ag
g
r
eg
ate
p
ac
k
e
t
to
th
eir
p
r
i
m
ar
y
C
H.
A
p
r
i
m
ar
y
C
Hs,
m
u
s
t
n
o
tify
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
C
Hs
b
y
th
is
elec
tio
n
a
n
d
ea
ch
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
C
H
n
o
ti
f
ies
its
c
lu
s
ter
m
e
m
b
er
s
b
y
t
h
is
n
o
ti
f
i
ca
tio
n
.
C
H
n
ea
r
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
w
i
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
m
u
c
h
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
C
H
f
ar
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
w
h
ic
h
g
en
er
ate
s
lo
w
lo
ad
b
alan
ci
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
es
an
d
is
t
h
e
m
ai
n
d
is
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
.
Vice
-
L
E
A
C
H
[
1
7
]
in
te
g
r
ates
a
n
e
w
n
o
d
e
s
tatu
s
ca
lled
Vice
C
H,
elec
te
d
i
n
e
ac
h
cl
u
s
ter
.
E
ac
h
Vice
C
H
w
il
l
r
ep
lace
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
C
H
w
h
e
n
its
e
n
er
g
y
i
s
ex
h
a
u
s
ted
.
Vice
-
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
i
s
s
o
l
u
tio
n
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
in
L
E
AC
H
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
H
r
e
-
elec
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
,
b
y
a
v
o
id
in
g
th
is
e
x
ec
u
t
io
n
i
n
ea
ch
r
o
u
n
d
.
Vi
ce
-
L
E
A
C
H
al
l
o
w
s
m
o
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lif
eti
m
e
b
u
t
a
n
o
v
er
h
ea
d
is
g
en
er
ated
d
u
e
to
its
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
C
H
elec
t
io
n
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
a
m
ed
m
u
l
ti
-
h
o
p
L
E
AC
H;
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
etter
en
er
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
u
s
es
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
et
-
up
p
h
ase
o
f
L
E
AC
H,
a
n
d
th
e
C
H
s
ar
e
elec
te
d
th
e
m
s
el
v
es
a
n
d
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
C
H.
I
n
s
tead
y
s
t
ate
p
h
ase,
ea
ch
C
H
g
at
h
er
s
d
ata
f
r
o
m
n
o
d
es
o
f
its
clu
s
t
er
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
s
a
n
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
p
ac
k
et
to
B
S.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
m
u
l
ti
-
h
o
p
L
E
AC
H
co
n
ce
r
n
s
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
C
Hs
a
n
d
B
S.
E
ac
h
C
H
g
ath
er
s
d
ata
f
r
o
m
its
cl
u
s
ter
n
o
d
es
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
s
t
h
e
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
th
e
clo
s
e
C
H.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
is
co
v
er
s
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
r
o
u
te
b
etw
ee
n
ea
ch
C
H
an
d
B
S
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
t
h
er
C
Hs.
T
h
e
C
Hs
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
p
ath
r
ep
r
esen
t th
e
r
ela
y
to
tr
a
n
s
m
it
to
B
S.
Ng
u
y
e
n
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
e
w
e
n
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
L
E
AC
H
n
a
m
ed
t
h
e
E
n
er
g
y
-
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
(E
-
L
E
AC
H)
.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
C
H
s
elec
tio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
u
s
ed
i
n
L
E
AC
H.
I
n
E
-
L
E
A
C
H
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
i
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
ed
as
th
e
k
e
y
m
etr
ic
to
s
elec
t
C
Hs.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
,
all
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
h
av
e
eq
u
al
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
t
h
e
C
H
is
ch
o
s
e
n
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
.
Af
ter
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
,
th
e
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
th
e
h
i
g
h
er
e
n
er
g
y
b
ec
am
e
C
Hs.
Hier
ar
c
h
ical
L
E
AC
H
(
H
-
L
E
AC
H)
[
2
0
]
m
i
n
i
m
ize
s
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
b
y
r
ed
u
c
in
g
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
is
ta
n
ce
d
u
r
in
g
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
h
ase
(
les
s
d
is
ta
n
ce
-
les
s
p
o
w
er
,
m
o
r
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
-
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
)
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
is
ex
ec
u
ted
li
k
e
L
E
AC
H.
I
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
h
a
s
e,
m
aster
C
H
ar
e
s
elec
ted
to
o
f
f
er
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ch
ar
g
e
b
y
m
i
n
i
m
izi
n
g
d
is
ta
n
ce
t
h
at
s
ep
ar
ates
C
H
a
n
d
B
S.
L
iu
an
d
C
h
in
y
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
g
en
eti
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
(
L
E
AC
H‐
G
A
)
[
2
1
]
.
I
t in
teg
r
ate
s
a
n
e
w
p
r
eli
m
i
n
ar
y
s
tep
n
a
m
ed
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
h
ase,
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
ti
n
g
th
e
s
tep
s
p
r
es
en
ted
b
y
L
E
AC
H.
I
n
th
e
p
r
ep
ar
a
tio
n
p
h
ase,
ea
c
h
n
o
d
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
C
H
s
e
lectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
s
en
d
s
m
es
s
ag
e
to
B
S
w
h
ich
i
n
te
g
r
ates
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
i
ts
s
ta
tu
s
o
f
b
ein
g
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
C
H
o
r
n
o
t,
id
en
ti
f
ier
(
ID
)
an
d
its
lo
ca
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
B
S
u
s
e
s
a
g
en
etic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
to
s
elec
t
an
o
p
ti
m
al
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
n
o
d
es
t
h
at
w
il
l
b
e
C
Hs
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
B
S
d
if
f
u
s
es
a
m
e
s
s
ag
e
to
all
n
o
d
es
to
ad
v
er
tis
e
t
h
e
m
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
p
t
i
m
al
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
cl
u
s
ter
s
i
n
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
etu
p
p
h
a
s
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
p
h
ase
is
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
ce
o
n
l
y
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et
-
u
p
p
h
a
s
e,
an
d
th
e
s
e
t
-
u
p
an
d
s
tead
y
p
h
ase
s
ar
e
ex
ec
u
ted
l
ik
e
L
E
AC
H.
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
et
a
l.
[
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
o
p
t
i
m
al
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
l
b
ased
o
n
y
ello
w
s
ad
d
le
g
o
atf
is
h
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
Y
S
GA
)
.
T
h
e
Y
SG
A
is
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
l
e
to
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
s
elec
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
C
H
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
to
ex
ten
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
lif
eti
m
e
b
y
m
in
i
m
izin
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
b
y
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es.
3.
P
RO
T
O
CO
L
S D
E
SC
RIP
T
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
L
E
ACH
pro
t
o
co
l
L
E
AC
H
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Hei
n
ze
l
m
a
n
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
it
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
a
n
d
p
o
p
u
l
ar
ad
ap
tiv
e
an
d
s
el
f
-
o
r
g
an
izin
g
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
W
SN
)
[
2
2
]
.
I
t p
r
o
p
o
s
es a
r
a
n
d
o
m
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
to
o
f
f
er
a
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
en
er
g
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
L
E
A
C
H
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
w
o
s
tep
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
,
s
et
-
u
p
p
h
ase,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
C
H
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
an
d
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
is
ass
ig
n
ed
to
its
ap
p
r
o
p
r
i
ate
C
H
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tep
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
e
d
ata
to
B
S.
I
t
allo
w
s
th
e
s
o
cial
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
(
SN
s
)
to
h
av
e
an
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
d
ec
is
io
n
to
b
e
C
H
w
it
h
o
u
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
B
S.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
d
ec
i
s
io
n
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
C
H
o
r
n
o
t
is
r
elate
d
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
C
H
s
f
o
r
th
e
W
S
N,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
er
io
d
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
n
o
d
e
is
elec
ted
C
H
s
o
f
ar
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
is
th
a
t
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
b
ec
o
m
e
s
C
H
at
least
o
n
ce
o
f
N/K
a
r
o
u
n
d
,
w
h
er
e
K
is
t
h
e
co
u
n
t
o
f
c
lu
s
ter
s
w
a
n
ted
an
d
N
r
ep
r
esen
ts
to
tal
n
o
d
es i
n
s
e
n
s
o
r
ar
ea
.
B
o
th
s
tag
e
s
o
f
L
E
A
C
H
ar
e:
a.
Set
-
u
p
p
h
ase
:
T
h
e
C
H
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
an
d
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
ch
o
o
s
e
t
h
eir
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
C
H
to
f
o
r
m
clu
s
ter
s
.
Firstl
y
,
ea
ch
SN c
h
o
o
s
es a
n
u
m
b
er
b
et
w
ee
n
0
an
d
1
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
i
s
co
n
f
r
o
n
ted
w
ith
T
(
i)
:
T
(
n
)
=
(
P
1
−
P
×
(
r
×
m
o
d
(
1
P
)
)
if
n
"
"
0
El
s
e
if
(
1
)
R
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
r
o
u
n
d
;
P
r
ep
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
C
H
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
t
h
e
W
SN.
G
is
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
C
H
n
o
elec
ted
y
et
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
last
1
/P
p
er
io
d
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
C
H
o
n
ce
i
s
v
al
u
e
is
b
elo
w
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
else
it
is
s
till
an
o
r
d
in
ar
y
n
o
d
e.
On
ce
t
h
i
s
s
tep
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
,
ea
ch
o
r
d
in
ar
y
n
o
d
e
ch
o
o
s
es
i
ts
C
H
to
j
o
in
its
cl
u
s
ter
.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
C
H
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
n
y
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
2
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
2
:
1
0
1
1
-
1017
1014
b.
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
h
ase
:
T
DM
A
s
ch
ed
u
le
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
ea
ch
C
H
a
f
ter
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
c
lu
s
ter
an
d
d
if
f
u
s
ed
o
f
t
h
eir
clu
s
ter
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
E
ac
h
C
H
g
a
th
er
s
t
h
e
d
ata
o
f
all
cl
u
s
ter
n
o
d
es,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
er
s
an
a
g
g
r
eg
at
ed
p
ac
k
et
to
th
e
B
S,
w
h
ich
co
n
tain
s
t
h
e
f
u
s
ed
d
ata
o
f
its
clu
s
ter
.
3
.
2
.
L
o
ca
t
io
n ba
s
ed
L
E
A
CH
(
L
O
C
-
L
E
ACH
)
I
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
W
SN
lif
eti
m
e
an
d
p
r
in
c
ip
all
y
th
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l,
all
n
o
d
es
h
av
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
b
e
C
H,
w
ith
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
eir
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
C
H
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
ta
s
k
s
o
f
co
llect,
f
u
s
io
n
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
i
t
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
to
B
S
w
h
ic
h
q
u
ic
k
l
y
d
ep
lete
s
th
eir
en
er
g
y
.
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
t
w
o
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
L
E
AC
H
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
a
tio
n
,
li
f
eti
m
e,
an
d
p
er
io
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
W
S
N.
T
h
is
,
b
y
o
r
g
a
n
izi
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
to
th
r
ee
lo
g
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
o
f
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
n
ea
r
est
o
f
B
S
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
eg
io
n
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
ir
ec
tl
y
w
ith
B
S,
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
m
all
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
s
e
n
o
d
es
an
d
B
S.
T
h
e
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
cl
u
s
ter
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
.
L
O
C
-
L
E
AC
H
ad
o
p
ts
a
n
e
w
C
H
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
n
o
d
e
en
er
g
y
as t
h
e
m
ain
m
etr
ic
to
s
elec
t
C
Hs.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l is st
r
u
ctu
r
ed
in
f
o
u
r
p
h
ases
:
a.
I
n
itializatio
n
p
h
a
s
e:
I
n
th
i
s
p
h
ase,
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tes
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
i
n
s
en
s
o
r
ar
ea
,
an
d
B
S
ca
lcu
la
tes
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
s
b
et
w
e
en
it
a
n
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
i
s
ca
lc
u
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
o
f
lo
ca
ti
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
n
o
d
e.
b.
Setu
p
p
h
ase:
in
th
is
s
ta
g
e,
t
h
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eg
io
n
s
ar
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
,
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
SN
s
.
T
h
is
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
i
s
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
n
o
d
es
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
r
eg
io
n
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
No
d
es
clo
s
e
to
B
S
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
g
io
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
i
s
u
s
ed
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
y
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
t
w
o
r
e
g
io
n
s
ar
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
in
clu
s
ter
s
.
c.
C
lu
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
:
T
h
i
s
o
p
er
atio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
e
t
w
o
cl
u
s
ter
ed
r
eg
io
n
s
,
w
h
er
e
a
n
e
w
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
C
H
elec
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
,
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
L
E
A
C
H
li
m
itatio
n
s
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
o
f
n
o
d
es
as
th
e
ai
m
m
etr
ic
i
n
C
H
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
lev
el
e
n
er
g
y
T
c.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
H
o
f
ea
ch
cl
u
s
ter
i
s
ch
an
g
ed
o
n
ce
its
e
n
er
g
y
is
b
el
o
w
T
c,
else
it
co
n
tin
u
es
it
s
C
H
r
o
le.
T
h
e
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
lau
n
ch
ed
o
n
l
y
in
th
is
cl
u
s
ter
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
H
is
r
ep
lace
d
o
n
l
y
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
C
H
ac
h
ie
v
es
t
h
e
T
h
r
esh
o
l
d
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
ex
t
C
H
m
u
s
t
also
h
a
v
e
a
h
i
g
h
er
en
er
g
y
lev
e
l
th
a
n
th
e
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
.
I
f
n
o
clu
s
ter
n
o
d
e
h
as
m
o
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
th
a
n
T
c,
th
e
n
ex
t CH i
s
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
as th
e
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
d.
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
:
A
T
DM
A
s
ch
e
d
u
le
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
ea
ch
C
H
f
o
r
its
m
e
m
b
er
s
.
E
ac
h
C
H
g
a
th
e
r
s
d
ata
f
r
o
m
al
l
SNs
i
n
it
s
cl
u
s
ter
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
e
r
s
d
ata
to
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
it
s
T
DM
A
s
c
h
ed
u
l
e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
t
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
tr
an
s
f
er
s
b
o
th
C
H
s
d
ata
to
B
S.
W
h
er
e
as,
th
e
d
ata
is
tr
an
s
m
itt
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
to
B
S
in
f
ir
s
t r
eg
io
n
.
3
.
3
.
Clus
t
er
ing
lo
ca
t
io
n ba
s
e
d
L
E
ACH
(
CL
O
C
-
L
E
ACH
)
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
w
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
a
m
ed
C
L
O
C
-
L
E
AC
H,
w
h
ic
h
p
r
esen
ts
an
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
L
E
A
C
H
p
r
o
to
co
l.
W
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
an
d
p
r
o
lo
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
C
L
O
C
-
L
E
AC
H
d
i
v
id
es
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
to
f
o
u
r
eq
u
al
lo
g
ica
l
r
eg
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ad
o
p
ted
in
ea
ch
r
eg
io
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
an
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
C
H
s
elec
tio
n
is
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
in
ea
c
h
clu
s
ter
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
SN
n
o
d
es
t
h
e
as
p
r
in
cip
al
m
e
tr
ic
to
s
elec
t
a
C
H.
W
e
d
ep
lo
y
a
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e,
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
s
en
s
i
n
g
zo
n
e,
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
ex
te
n
d
li
f
eti
m
e
o
f
W
S
N.
T
h
e
g
ate
w
a
y
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
to
g
at
h
er
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
f
r
o
m
all
C
H
s
,
an
d
tr
an
s
m
it
s
an
ag
g
r
e
g
ated
p
ac
k
et
to
B
S.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
to
en
h
an
ce
s
o
m
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
lik
e
W
SN
lif
eti
m
e,
p
er
io
d
o
f
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
an
ef
f
icie
n
t
W
SN
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
C
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l.
C
L
O
C
-
L
E
AC
H
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
in
f
o
u
r
s
tep
s
:
a.
I
n
itializatio
n
p
h
ase:
S
Ns
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
w
it
h
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
m
a
n
n
er
in
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
zo
n
e,
an
d
B
S
s
en
d
s
a
m
es
s
ag
e
h
ello
to
ea
c
h
n
o
d
e,
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
es
t
h
e
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
o
f
th
is
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
t
h
e
B
S
m
e
asu
r
es
th
e
d
i
s
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
it
an
d
all
S
Ns.
E
ac
h
SN
u
s
es i
ts
o
w
n
d
ata
tab
le,
to
k
ee
p
:
I
ts
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
,
i
ts
lo
ca
tio
n
in
s
en
s
in
g
zo
n
e
a
n
d
h
is
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
B
S.
A
g
ate
w
a
y
n
o
d
e
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
s
en
s
i
n
g
zo
n
e.
b.
Setu
p
p
h
a
s
e:
T
h
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
o
f
SNs
in
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
in
g
zo
n
e,
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
s
tab
i
lit
y
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
tep
,
w
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
zo
n
e
in
to
f
o
u
r
clu
s
ter
s
,
an
d
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
is
ass
i
g
n
ed
to
its
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
clu
s
ter
ac
co
r
d
in
g
o
f
its
lo
ca
tio
n
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
N
o
d
es
o
f
th
e
s
i
m
ilar
r
eg
io
n
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
ar
ea
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
a
m
e
cl
u
s
ter
.
C
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
ad
o
p
ts
th
i
s
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
t
o
m
in
i
m
ize
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
n
o
d
e
s
an
d
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
n
o
d
es
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
t
o
its
clu
s
ter
a
n
d
av
o
id
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
d
is
ta
n
t n
o
d
es.
c.
C
lu
s
ter
h
ea
d
elec
tio
n
:
T
h
is
o
p
er
atio
n
is
ex
ec
u
ted
in
ea
ch
cl
u
s
ter
,
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
o
f
o
th
er
clu
s
ter
s
.
C
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
elec
t
io
n
o
f
C
H
u
s
ed
i
n
L
E
AC
H.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tep
,
C
L
OC
-
L
E
AC
H
ad
o
p
ts
a
n
o
p
tim
a
l
s
tr
a
te
g
y
,
to
s
elec
t
C
H
in
ea
ch
cl
u
s
ter
u
n
li
k
e
L
E
AC
H.
W
e
ad
o
p
t
th
e
r
em
ai
n
i
n
g
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
S
N
a
s
th
e
k
e
y
m
etr
ic
to
elec
t
C
H
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
t
u
r
n
,
all
SNs
h
a
v
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
in
i
tial
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
t
h
e
C
H
at
ea
c
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
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fficien
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1015
clu
s
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i
s
ch
o
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n
r
an
d
o
m
l
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.
W
e
u
s
e
a
th
r
es
h
o
ld
o
f
en
er
g
y
is
to
s
tar
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
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o
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H
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tio
n
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h
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cu
r
r
en
t
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H
w
i
ll
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
its
l
ea
d
er
r
o
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s
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ce
its
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
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ig
h
er
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u
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esh
o
ld
T
c
o
f
en
er
g
y
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
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h
e
n
it
s
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
e
n
er
g
y
is
b
elo
w
T
c,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
C
H
elec
tio
n
is
lau
n
c
h
ed
o
n
l
y
in
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
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an
d
th
e
n
o
d
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
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I
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2
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I
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1017
1016
4
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1
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Net
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4
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4
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3
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nerg
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izatio
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3
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4
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Fig
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C
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s
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p
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
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lec
&
C
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p
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I
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N:
2088
-
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ter
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RE
F
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NC
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[
1
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M
.
P
.
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[
2
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[
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[
4
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[
5
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H
.
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.,
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[
6
]
A.
R
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,
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.
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e
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-
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r
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5
.
[
7
]
S
.
A
.
K
u
mar,
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.
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n
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o
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n
d
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.
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.
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[
8
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[
9
]
S
.
K
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d
J.
P
.
S
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h
,
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A
su
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.
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[
1
0
]
G.
S
.
S
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r
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d
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.
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i
d
h
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n
,
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.
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,
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[
1
1
]
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.
A
n
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st
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,
M
.
C
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i
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.
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.
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[
1
2
]
S.
R
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n
i
,
J
.
M
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T
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r
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.
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.
[
1
3
]
W
.
R
.
H
e
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n
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e
l
man
,
A
.
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h
a
n
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d
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.
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n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.