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s
s
to
s
er
v
ices.
T
h
e
v
icti
m
is
co
m
p
elled
to
p
ay
th
e
r
an
s
o
m
i
n
s
u
ch
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
h
ea
lth
I
o
T
a
r
e
also
cr
u
cial
tar
g
et
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e,
if
th
e
at
tack
er
ta
k
es
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
an
y
s
u
ch
d
ev
ice,
an
y
d
ela
y
in
t
h
e
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
ca
n
r
es
u
lt
in
lo
s
s
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
l
iv
e
s
.
L
ik
e
w
is
e,
t
h
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
ca
n
s
tr
i
k
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
ass
o
c
iated
w
i
t
h
o
th
er
f
ield
s
a
n
d
th
e
f
o
r
ce
th
e
v
icti
m
to
p
a
y
f
ee
in
ti
m
el
y
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
s
ec
u
r
it
y
h
as
b
ee
n
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
y
ea
r
s
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
co
m
e
u
p
w
it
h
m
a
n
y
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
I
o
T
p
r
o
tectio
n
[
1
0
-
13]
b
u
t,
litt
le
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
in
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
SDN
is
a
m
o
d
er
n
w
a
y
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
w
h
ich
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le.
T
h
e
k
ey
co
n
ce
p
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
SDN
is
s
e
g
r
e
g
atio
n
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
d
ata
p
lan
es.
T
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
g
d
ev
ice
s
th
a
t
in
cl
u
d
e
s
w
itc
h
e
s
an
d
r
o
u
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
j
u
s
t
tr
af
f
ic
f
o
r
w
ar
d
in
g
,
w
h
i
le
as
th
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
b
y
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
t
h
e
b
r
ain
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
w
h
ic
h
ta
k
es
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
tr
af
f
ic
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
ai
n
tai
n
s
a
g
lo
b
al
v
ie
w
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
SD
N
b
ased
n
et
wo
r
k
in
g
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
tell
ig
en
t
,
[
1
4
]
an
d
h
as
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
r
e
m
o
v
ed
p
len
t
y
o
f
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
i
n
tr
ad
itio
n
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
SDN
h
as
al
s
o
ad
d
r
esed
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
f
ac
ed
in
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
n
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
h
as
al
s
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
SDN
[
1
6
,
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
ca
n
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
as:
T
h
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
s
ar
e
b
r
ief
l
y
e
x
p
lai
n
ed
u
s
in
g
a
ti
m
elin
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
th
at
s
u
r
f
ac
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
eg
i
n
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
at
tack
.
T
h
e
r
ec
en
t r
esear
ch
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
att
ac
k
s
i
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ap
er
is
to
(
a)
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
o
n
I
o
T
,
(
b
)
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
SDN
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
d
etec
t
an
d
m
iti
g
ate
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
i
n
an
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
(
c)
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
p
r
esen
t t
h
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
i
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
Sect
io
n
2
co
n
tai
n
s
an
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
r
an
s
o
m
w
a
r
e
an
d
its
t
y
p
es.
Sectio
n
3
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
t
h
e
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ie
s
i
n
I
o
T
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
t
h
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
s
in
co
n
tex
t
o
f
I
o
T
.
Sectio
n
4
d
is
cu
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
r
elate
d
to
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
i
n
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
i
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
Sectio
n
5
.
T
h
e
Sectio
n
6
i
n
clu
d
e
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
it
s
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
w
it
h
r
ele
v
an
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Sectio
n
6
is
co
n
cl
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
.
2.
RANSO
M
WARE
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
e
x
p
lain
s
t
h
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
w
i
th
s
p
ec
ial
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
I
o
T
an
d
b
asic
t
y
p
es
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e.
R
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
is
a
m
ali
g
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
a
w
a
y
t
h
at
it
ca
n
h
alt
ac
ce
s
s
to
an
y
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
d
ata.
R
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
b
lo
ck
s
an
y
s
y
s
te
m
o
r
d
ata
b
y
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
it
a
n
d
th
e
at
tack
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
a
h
ef
t
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
icti
m
f
o
r
d
ec
r
y
p
ti
n
g
.
T
h
e
attac
k
er
s
ets
a
d
ea
d
lin
e
f
o
r
p
a
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
ee
s
a
n
d
i
f
v
i
cti
m
f
ai
ls
to
p
a
y
o
n
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
at
tack
er
m
a
y
d
a
m
ag
e
th
e
a
s
s
et
p
er
m
a
n
en
tl
y
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
P
C
-
C
y
b
o
r
g
w
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
late
1
9
8
0
’
s
.
P
C
C
y
b
o
r
g
u
s
ed
s
i
m
p
le
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
a
n
d
it
w
as
n
o
t
a
s
er
io
u
s
th
r
ea
t.
T
h
er
e
w
er
e
n
o
t
m
an
y
i
n
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t
1
0
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
2
0
0
4
,
ca
lled
Gp
C
o
d
e,
an
d
it
u
s
ed
as
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
I
n
2
0
1
2
,
R
ev
eto
n
ca
m
e
i
n
to
p
ict
u
r
e,
w
h
ic
h
e
x
p
lo
ited
cr
ed
en
tials
f
o
r
la
w
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t.
I
n
y
ea
r
2
0
1
3
,
C
r
y
p
to
L
o
ck
er
ap
p
ea
r
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
es.
I
t
h
ad
m
il
itar
y
g
r
ad
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
k
ep
t
th
e
k
e
y
,
n
ee
d
ed
to
r
elea
s
e
u
s
er
d
ata,
o
n
a
r
em
o
te
s
er
v
er
.
Ma
n
y
i
n
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
w
er
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
f
o
r
n
e
x
t
f
e
w
y
e
ar
s
,
u
n
t
il
W
an
n
ac
r
y
,
w
h
ic
h
s
u
r
f
ac
ed
in
2
0
1
7
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
i
s
astro
u
s
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
[
1
8
]
.
Th
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
i
n
f
ec
tio
n
o
n
a
h
o
s
t
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
m
o
s
t
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
es
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
b
eg
i
n
n
i
n
g
u
n
til
r
ec
en
tl
y
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
v
ar
ian
t
s
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
R
a
n
so
mw
a
r
e
Y
e
a
r
o
f
A
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
I
n
t
e
n
si
t
y
P
C
C
y
b
o
r
g
1
9
8
0
’
s
W
e
a
k
G
p
C
o
d
e
2
0
0
4
W
e
a
k
W
i
n
L
o
c
k
2
0
0
7
M
e
d
i
u
m
R
e
v
e
t
o
n
2
0
1
2
M
e
d
i
u
m
C
r
y
p
t
o
L
o
c
k
e
r
2
0
1
3
S
t
r
o
n
g
K
e
R
a
n
g
e
r
2
0
1
6
M
e
d
i
u
m
W
a
n
n
a
c
r
y
2
0
1
7
S
t
r
o
n
g
P
e
t
y
a
2
0
1
7
S
t
r
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
3
1
6
6
-
3175
3168
−
C
r
y
p
to
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
T
h
e
C
r
y
p
to
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
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en
cr
y
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e
i
m
p
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t
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d
ata
f
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w
i
th
a
s
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o
n
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cr
y
p
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
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T
h
e
au
th
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r
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f
t
h
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an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
p
r
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id
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e
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f
o
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r
y
p
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n
o
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l
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a
f
ter
th
e
d
e
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d
ed
r
an
s
o
m
i
s
cr
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in
to
th
e
at
tack
er
s
ac
co
u
n
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C
r
y
p
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a
n
s
o
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f
i
n
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it
s
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a
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to
a
co
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p
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ter
o
r
an
y
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et
wo
r
k
o
p
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ated
d
ev
ice
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
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s
p
a
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ail.
On
ce
ac
ti
v
ated
,
it
s
ea
r
c
h
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s
an
d
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e
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cr
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s
th
e
v
ital
f
iles
.
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o
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s
y
m
m
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d
as
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m
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cr
y
p
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r
ap
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ith
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cr
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to
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w
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e
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t.
So
m
e
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t
h
e
ac
ti
v
el
y
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s
ed
cr
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p
to
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m
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es a
r
e:
C
r
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all,
T
els
aCr
y
p
t,
C
r
y
p
tL
o
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k
er
,
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er
b
er
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
C
r
y
p
to
r
a
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s
o
m
w
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en
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ith
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t r
an
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.
−
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s
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m
w
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h
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r
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b
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t
th
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s
er
d
ata
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n
o
t
to
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ch
ed
[
2
0
]
.
I
t
o
cc
u
p
ies
th
e
r
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s
lik
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co
m
p
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cr
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etc.
an
d
th
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em
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d
s
a
p
ay
m
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t
to
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s
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th
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r
eso
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s
.
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h
e
lo
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r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
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af
ter
ac
tiv
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n
allo
w
s
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s
er
to
in
ter
ac
t
w
it
h
its
in
ter
f
ac
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o
n
l
y
f
o
r
p
a
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m
en
t
o
r
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elate
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m
m
u
n
icatio
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.
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n
co
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tr
ast
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o
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p
to
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a
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s
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m
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ar
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t
h
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r
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s
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m
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ar
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is
ea
s
ier
to
co
m
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at
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ac
k
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if
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Dir
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in
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s
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o
ck
er
,
T
o
r
r
en
t L
o
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etc
[
2
1
]
.
−
H
y
b
r
id
r
an
s
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m
w
ar
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H
y
b
r
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s
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f
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s
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m
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cr
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p
to
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Su
c
h
m
a
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in
v
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h
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h
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f
a
m
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s
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tab
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in
cl
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Sca
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ad
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2
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1
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.
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a
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s
a
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v
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th
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t
to
th
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I
o
T
[
2
2
]
.
A
lth
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ir
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&
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Fig
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cr
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i
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r
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m
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as f
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:
−
T
h
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r
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b
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%
[
2
3
]
.
−
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Ho
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P
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ter
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Me
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2
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6
[
2
4
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3169
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[
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5
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−
As
p
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f
2
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[
2
6
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,
th
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3.
R
ANSO
M
WARE AND
I
O
T
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
an
s
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m
w
a
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d
is
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s
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in
co
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t
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f
I
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T
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h
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im
p
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I
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T
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r
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w
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d
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it
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s
tr
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r
eso
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s
.
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an
s
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ar
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ca
p
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h
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th
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,
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it
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av
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.
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h
e
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h
av
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t
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t
also
p
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s
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a
th
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th
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m
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.
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ith
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T
h
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to
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llect
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f
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e
n
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t
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m
p
u
ter
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
n
attac
k
er
ca
n
ea
s
il
y
la
u
n
c
h
th
e
attac
k
an
d
f
o
r
ce
th
e
u
s
er
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
m
o
n
e
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
I
o
T
d
ev
ices,
a
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
is
la
u
n
c
h
ed
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
d
ev
ices,
a
s
t
h
er
e
is
lac
k
o
f
u
s
e
r
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
i
n
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
h
as
tar
g
eted
th
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
t
h
at
d
ea
l
w
i
th
cr
itical
r
ea
l
ti
m
e
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
e
in
c
lu
d
e
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
h
ea
lt
h
c
ar
e,
s
m
ar
t
v
e
h
icu
lar
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
m
ar
t
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
ie
s
.
T
h
e
attac
k
er
ca
n
ex
p
lo
it
u
s
er
s
w
ea
r
in
g
cr
itical
s
m
ar
t
h
ea
lt
h
d
ev
ices
s
u
c
h
a
s
I
o
T
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
p
ac
e
m
ak
er
s
o
r
in
s
u
l
in
p
u
m
p
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
o
tel
y
lo
ca
ted
u
s
er
s
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
ce
d
to
p
a
y
a
r
a
n
s
o
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
m
ar
t
h
o
m
e
o
r
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
u
n
d
er
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
.
T
h
e
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
ca
n
p
en
etr
ate
i
n
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices
in
m
a
n
y
w
a
y
s
.
T
h
e
m
aj
o
r
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
ar
e
b
o
tn
et,
m
al
v
er
t
is
e
m
e
n
t o
r
s
o
cial
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
−
B
o
tn
et:
B
o
tn
ets
ar
e
th
e
d
w
el
ler
s
o
f
m
al
w
ar
es
in
a
n
y
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
B
o
tn
et
ca
u
s
e
th
e
D
Do
S
attac
k
s
o
r
s
i
m
ilar
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
s
[
2
8
]
.
R
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
ar
e
also
en
ter
i
n
g
in
to
th
e
I
o
T
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
h
el
p
o
f
b
o
tn
ets.
−
S
o
cial
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
:
S
o
cial
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
is
th
e
ac
t
o
f
d
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
attac
k
er
s
,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
y
p
o
s
e
to
b
e
th
e
leg
iti
m
ate
u
s
er
s
an
d
at
tain
ac
ce
s
s
to
cr
it
ical
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
a
n
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
ies p
e
n
etr
ate
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
ac
t
in
g
as a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
o
w
n
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
s
.
−
Ma
lv
er
tis
e
m
e
n
t
:
T
h
e
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
at
tack
er
s
ca
n
al
s
o
in
f
e
ct
I
o
T
d
ev
ice
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
al
v
er
tis
e
m
e
n
t
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
m
al
w
ar
e
-
f
illed
co
n
te
n
t
is
b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
C
o
n
te
n
t
d
eliv
er
y
Net
w
o
r
k
(
C
DN)
t
h
a
t
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
b
e
b
en
ig
n
an
d
is
i
n
s
talled
o
n
th
e
d
ev
ices.
4.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
in
[
2
9
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
f
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
in
I
o
T
b
ased
o
n
ar
tif
icial
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
b
s
er
v
es
t
h
e
b
atter
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
p
r
ese
n
ce
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
b
at
ter
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
o
f
g
e
n
u
in
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
m
alicio
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
ex
ec
u
ted
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ar
e
n
o
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
m
e
asu
r
es
li
k
e
d
etec
tio
n
r
ate,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
an
d
r
ec
all.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
[
3
0
]
h
av
e
e
v
al
u
ated
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
i
n
s
tan
ce
d
f
o
r
t
w
o
y
ea
r
s
an
d
esti
m
ated
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
s
i
n
u
p
co
m
i
n
g
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
e
s
en
ted
a
d
etec
t
io
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
t
h
at
f
o
cu
s
e
s
o
n
C
r
y
p
to
w
all
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
o
f
C
r
y
p
to
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
f
a
m
il
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
m
o
n
ito
r
s
th
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
C
o
m
m
a
n
d
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
C
&
C
)
s
er
v
er
o
f
C
r
y
p
to
w
all
a
n
d
th
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
C
r
y
p
to
w
all
i
s
also
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
h
e
T
C
P
/I
P
h
ea
d
er
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tr
a
f
f
ic
ar
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
3
1
]
h
a
v
e
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ted
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
u
s
ed
b
y
I
o
T
.
T
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
o
T
ar
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
f
o
r
class
if
icatio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
K
Nea
r
est
Neig
h
b
o
u
r
(
KNN)
an
d
R
an
d
o
m
Fo
r
est
class
i
f
ier
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e.
A
s
p
e
r
th
e
r
esu
lts
t
h
e
KNN
s
h
o
w
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
clas
s
i
f
ier
s
u
s
ed
i
n
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t.
I
n
[
3
2
]
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
k
ee
p
th
e
f
iles
s
af
e
f
r
o
m
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e.
An
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
li
m
it
s
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
f
ile
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
it
o
n
clo
u
d
s
er
v
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
r
ess
e
s
th
e
f
iles
i
n
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
f
ile
u
s
i
n
g
Me
s
s
a
g
e
Di
g
es
t
(
MD
5
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
f
iles
ar
e
k
ep
t
in
n
o
n
-
w
r
ite
m
o
d
e,
s
o
th
at
th
e
f
iles
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
alter
ed
.
A
lo
g
f
ile
is
also
m
ai
n
tai
n
ed
th
at
k
ee
p
s
r
ec
o
r
d
o
f
all
t
h
e
ac
tio
n
s
d
o
n
e
o
n
t
h
e
f
il
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
0
:
3
1
6
6
-
3175
3170
5.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
An
y
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
d
ev
elo
p
ed
t
o
co
u
n
ter
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
attac
k
s
i
n
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
v
ar
y
i
n
g
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
l
y
i
n
g
h
eter
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
I
o
T
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
h
as
t
o
s
ca
n
th
e
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
c
h
ec
k
t
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
d
ev
ices
at
r
eg
u
l
ar
in
ter
v
a
ls
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
a
SDN
b
ased
C
r
y
p
to
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
m
iti
g
atio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
I
o
T
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
ter
m
ed
as
I
o
T
SDN
-
R
AN.
A
ll
th
e
v
ar
ian
t
s
o
f
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e
f
o
l
lo
w
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
o
r
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
th
e
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
k
e
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
C
o
m
m
a
n
d
an
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
(
C
&
C
)
s
er
v
er
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
r
an
s
o
m
w
ar
e
an
d
t
h
e
C
&
C
s
er
v
er
is
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
ar
e.
T
h
e
attac
k
er
g
et
s
th
e
tar
g
et
I
o
T
d
ev
ice’
s
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
an
id
en
tif
ier
is
s
e
n
t
to
th
e
C
&
C
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
C
&
C
s
er
v
er
lau
n
c
h
es
t
h
e
r
a
n
s
o
m
w
a
r
e
attac
k
.
T
h
e
C
&
C
g
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d
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ates
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ac
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m
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[
2
1
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T
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m
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Ap
p
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is
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in
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s
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Tr
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u
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th
e
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p
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m
.
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h
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p
ar
am
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s
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ain
i
n
g
al
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r
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m
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ted
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co
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Naiv
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d
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p
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t
An
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s
(
P
C
A
)
[
3
3
,
3
4
]
ar
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u
s
ed
f
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d
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tio
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o
f
t
h
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r
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De
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Fi
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[
35]
.
T
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C
On
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[
3
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.
T
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t
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Op
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Flo
w
f
l
o
w
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u
le
s
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
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tan
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ter
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−
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m
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l
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h
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8
8
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eg
io
n
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SZF
L
o
ck
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an
d
T
eslaC
r
y
p
t [
3
2
]
.
−
T
h
e
o
w
n
er
s
o
f
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s
n
ee
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t
o
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6.
RE
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n
en
v
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o
n
m
e
n
t
o
n
Mi
n
i
n
et
-
W
i
Fi
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
ataset
is
u
s
ed
to
s
i
m
u
late
t
h
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3
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Kim
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R.
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.
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2
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0
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