I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
3
8
8
0
~3
8
9
0
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v9
i
5
.
p
p
3
8
8
0
-
3890
3880
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Enha
ncing
t
he
pe
rfor
m
a
n
c
e of
ca
sca
ded t
hre
e
-
lev
el
VSC
STAT
CO
M
by A
NN
co
nt
ro
ller w
ith
SVP
WM
in
tege
g
ra
tion
M
o
ha
m
a
d M
ilo
o
d Al
m
elia
n
1
,
I
zz
eldin
.
I
.
M
o
hd
2
,
Abu
Z
a
ha
rin A
h
m
a
d
3
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
Sa
le
m
4
,
M
o
ha
m
ed
A
.
O
m
ra
n
5
,
Aw
a
ng
J
us
o
h
6
, T
o
le
Su
t
i
k
no
7
1
,
2,
3,
5
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
P
a
h
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
4
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
i
S
a
in
s
M
a
la
y
sia
,
M
a
la
y
sia
6
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
lay
sia
7
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
r
sitas
A
h
m
a
d
Da
h
lan
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
e
J
an
2
1
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
A
p
r
17
,
2
0
1
9
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
y
11
,
2
0
1
9
T
h
is
a
rti
c
le
p
re
se
n
ts
a
c
a
sc
a
d
e
d
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
v
o
lt
a
g
e
so
u
rc
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
(V
S
C)
b
a
se
d
S
T
AT
C
OM
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
a
n
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ro
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
(A
NN
)
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
w
it
h
a
n
e
w
si
m
p
le
c
ircu
it
o
f
sp
a
c
e
v
e
c
to
r
p
u
lse
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(S
VP
W
M
)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
a
i
m
o
f
u
ti
li
z
in
g
A
NN
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
a
n
d
S
VP
W
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
to
m
in
im
ize
r
e
sp
o
n
se
ti
m
e
(RT
)
o
f
S
TAT
C
OM
a
n
d
i
m
p
ro
v
e
it
s
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
re
g
a
rd
to
P
F
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
,
a
n
d
t
o
tal
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
isto
r
ti
o
n
(T
HD
)
o
f
V
S
C
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
u
rre
n
t
d
u
rin
g
t
h
e
p
e
rio
d
o
f
lag
g
in
g
/l
e
a
d
in
g
P
F
lo
a
d
s
(in
d
u
c
ti
v
e
/ca
p
a
c
it
iv
e
lo
a
d
s).
T
h
e
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
S
TAT
COM
is
tes
ted
u
si
n
g
M
AT
LAB/S
IM
UL
INK
in
IEE
E
3
-
b
u
s
s
y
st
e
m
.
T
h
e
si
m
u
latio
n
re
s
u
lt
s
c
lea
rl
y
p
ro
v
e
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
S
T
AT
COM
w
i
th
in
tel
li
g
e
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r
is
m
o
re
e
ff
icie
n
t
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
a
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
t
ro
ll
e
r
(
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
r),
w
h
e
re
A
N
N
e
n
a
b
les
th
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
to
b
e
in
th
e
sa
m
e
p
h
a
se
ra
p
id
ly
(d
u
rin
g
1
.
5
c
y
c
les
)
wi
th
T
HD
les
s th
a
n
5
%
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
C
ascad
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
VSC
ST
A
T
C
OM
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
P
o
w
er
f
ac
t
or
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mo
h
a
m
ad
Milo
o
d
A
l
m
elia
n
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
E
lect
r
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti Ma
la
y
s
ia
P
ah
an
g
(
UM
P
)
,
2
6
6
0
0
P
ek
an
,
P
ah
an
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia
.
E
m
ail:
A
l
m
al
y
a
n
8
4
@
g
m
ai
l.c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
w
id
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
-
b
ased
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
in
d
u
cti
v
e/ca
p
ac
it
i
v
e
l
o
ad
s
h
av
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
to
d
a
y
ar
e
lo
w
P
F
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
to
r
tio
n
[
1
,
2
]
.
T
h
e
lo
w
P
F
an
d
H
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
ts
i
n
t
h
e
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
h
ea
t
in
g
in
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t,
v
ib
r
atio
n
/
n
o
is
e
in
m
a
ch
i
n
e
s
,
an
d
m
al
f
u
n
cti
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
[
3
]
.
C
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
a
f
i
x
ed
ca
p
ac
ito
r
an
d
r
ea
cto
r
b
an
k
s
a
n
d
s
tatic
V
A
R
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t o
f
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
q
u
a
lit
y
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t o
f
m
icr
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
an
d
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
ca
s
ca
d
ed
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
V
SC
-
b
ased
c
u
s
to
m
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ice
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
ST
A
T
C
O
M
i
s
a
V
SC
-
b
ased
cu
s
to
m
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ic
e
an
d
m
ee
ts
t
h
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t c
o
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
s
u
c
h
as r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
[
4
-
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
m
a
in
l
y
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
atel
y
an
d
s
p
ee
d
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
ated
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
ar
t
o
f
a
ST
A
T
C
OM
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
[
7
,
8
]
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
as
a
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
i
t
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
d
ev
ice
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
le
a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
t
u
d
ies
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
er
s
t
h
a
t
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
P
I
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
etec
t
th
e
P
F
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
b
asic
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
it
h
d
ir
ec
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
P
F
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
u
n
d
er
lin
ea
r
an
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ear
lo
ad
co
n
d
itio
n
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
[
10
]
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
5
-
le
v
el
ca
s
ca
d
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
leve
l V
S
C
S
TATC
OM b
y
A
N
N
…
(
Mo
h
a
ma
d
Mil
o
o
d
A
lmelia
n
)
3881
VSC
w
i
th
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ich
e
s
t
ab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
ST
A
T
C
OM
f
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
P
F
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
T
HD
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
h
ile
,
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
b
a
s
ed
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
ati
n
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
P
F
[
1
1
]
.
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
f
o
r
t
w
o
-
lev
el
VS
C
ST
A
T
C
OM
f
o
r
P
F
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
in
[
12
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
e
r
,
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
lik
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
r
eq
u
ir
es
p
r
ec
is
e
lin
ea
r
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
o
b
tain
an
d
f
ails
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
ily
u
n
d
er
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
it
y
lo
ad
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
,
etc
[
13
,
14
]
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
a
m
aj
o
r
ef
f
o
r
t
h
as
b
ee
n
u
n
d
er
w
a
y
to
d
e
v
elo
p
n
e
w
an
d
u
n
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
t
h
at
ca
n
o
f
ten
a
u
g
m
e
n
t
o
r
r
ep
lace
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
Un
li
k
e
t
h
eir
co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
ts
,
th
ese
u
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
s
u
c
h
as
A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
ca
n
le
ar
n
,
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
an
d
m
a
k
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ast
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
w
h
ile
m
ai
n
ta
in
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
a
w
id
e
o
p
er
atin
g
r
an
g
e.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
v
ar
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
e
r
s
h
av
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
li
ter
atu
r
e
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
S
T
A
T
C
OM
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
s
i
n
g
A
NN
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
[
6
,
8
,
13
-
15
]
.
T
h
ese
s
t
u
d
ies
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
-
P
W
M
(
SP
W
M)
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
w
it
ch
in
g
g
ates
o
f
VS
C
,
w
h
er
e
S
P
W
M
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
w
h
ic
h
h
as
b
ee
n
e
x
te
n
s
iv
el
y
u
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
h
i
g
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
last
d
ec
a
d
e
b
ec
au
s
e
it
allo
w
s
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
m
m
u
tatio
n
lo
s
s
a
n
d
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
o
b
tain
s
h
i
g
h
er
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
es
if
co
m
p
a
r
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
16
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
m
e
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
w
er
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
to
th
e
P
F
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
d
escr
ib
ed
R
T
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
i
th
r
eg
ar
d
to
P
F a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
an
d
T
HD
d
u
r
in
g
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
lag
g
in
g
/lead
i
n
g
P
F l
o
ad
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
C
ascad
ed
3
-
le
v
e
l
VSC
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
co
n
tr
o
ll
ed
b
y
ANN
w
it
h
a
n
e
w
s
i
m
p
l
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
n
e
w
cir
cu
it
is
m
u
c
h
s
i
m
p
ler
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
e
x
ec
u
tab
le
t
h
a
n
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
SVP
W
M
w
it
h
o
u
t
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
les
o
r
co
m
p
lex
lo
g
ical
j
u
d
g
m
en
t
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
(
ST
A
T
C
OM
)
o
f
f
er
s
s
p
ee
d
y
P
F
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
w
it
h
v
er
y
lo
w
T
HD
f
o
r
VSC
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t.
2.
CO
NF
I
G
URA
T
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
ST
AT
CO
M
I
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
th
e
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
a
s
e
I
E
E
E
3
-
b
u
s
te
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
test
s
y
s
te
m
is
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
t
w
o
A
C
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
(
G1
,
G2
)
,
tw
o
t
y
p
es
o
f
lo
ad
s
(
in
d
u
ct
iv
e
an
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e)
,
an
d
ST
A
T
C
OM
d
ev
ice
cir
cu
it
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
cir
cu
it c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
I
E
E
E
3
-
B
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
a
co
n
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
cu
s
to
m
p
o
w
er
d
ev
ice.
I
t
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
el
VS
C
,
co
u
p
lin
g
in
d
u
ctan
ce
(
L
f
)
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
r
esen
ted
L
f
ilter
,
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
VSC
is
a
b
asic b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
o
f
STA
T
C
OM
.
2
.
1
.
Ca
s
ca
ded H
-
b
ridg
e
t
hre
e
-
l
ev
el
VSC
T
h
e
m
u
lt
ilev
e
l
VS
C
w
it
h
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
s
u
ch
a
s
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
ith
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
t
w
o
-
lev
el
V
SC
o
p
er
atin
g
in
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
i
n
ST
A
T
C
OM
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
ascad
ed
m
u
lti
lev
e
l
VSC
a
m
o
n
g
m
u
l
tile
v
el
V
SC
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies is
th
e
m
o
s
t p
o
p
u
lar
to
p
o
lo
g
y
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
m
al
lest
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
3
8
8
0
-
3890
3882
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
le
x
ib
il
it
y
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
i
t
la
y
o
u
t.
C
ascad
ed
VSC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
er
ie
s
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
H
-
b
r
id
g
es
w
i
t
h
s
ep
ar
ate
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
V
SC
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
es
[
6
,
17
]
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
VS
C
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
co
m
m
er
cial
l
y
a
v
ai
lab
le
I
GB
T
s
w
it
h
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ati
n
g
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
VSC
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
v
ia
L
f
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
th
r
ee
-
le
v
el
VS
C
-
b
ased
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
H
-
b
r
id
g
es
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
an
L
f
at
th
e
B
u
s
-
3
(
P
C
C
)
an
d
o
n
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
u
n
it i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
h
ase.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ascad
ed
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
3
-
lev
el
V
SC
T
h
e
b
asic
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
b
as
ed
o
n
t
w
o
AC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
S
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ST
A
T
C
OM
)
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
u
p
li
n
g
i
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
[
18
]
.
E
x
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
ST
AT
C
OM
is
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
V
SC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vc)
.
I
f
th
e
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vs),
th
e
S
T
A
T
C
OM
g
en
er
ate
s
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
.
Ot
h
er
w
is
e,
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
ab
s
o
r
b
s
in
d
u
cti
v
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
.
I
f
th
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
v
o
lta
g
e,
th
e
ex
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
an
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
b
e
ze
r
o
.
R
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
/ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
g
i
v
en
b
y
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
=
(
−
∗
c
os
(
α
)
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e,
Q:
R
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
ated
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
,
X
Lf
is
th
e
r
e
ac
tan
ce
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ST
A
T
C
OM
o
p
er
a
tio
n
,
d
c
v
o
ltag
e
s
ar
e
h
eld
b
y
d
c
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
Sin
ce
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
d
c
-
li
n
k
,
n
et
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
ac
ted
b
y
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
m
u
s
t
b
e
ze
r
o
.
I
n
p
r
ac
tice,
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
o
cc
u
r
i
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
a
n
d
VSC
s
w
i
tch
e
s
.
I
f
th
e
s
e
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
p
p
lied
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
w
il
l
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e.
T
o
p
r
ev
en
t
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
s
o
m
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
r
a
wn
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
(
P
)
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
b
y
th
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
∗
s
in
(
2
)
T
h
e
(
3
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ca
lcu
la
tio
n
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
i
n
d
u
c
tan
ce
(
L
f
)
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
e
L
f
i
lter
wh
ich
u
s
ed
to
m
iti
g
ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
o
f
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
.
=
1
8
×
×
∆
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
an
d
∆
is
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
r
ated
l
o
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ea
k
r
ip
p
le
w
h
ic
h
eq
u
als (
5
-
2
0
%)
o
f
r
ate
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
leve
l V
S
C
S
TATC
OM b
y
A
N
N
…
(
Mo
h
a
ma
d
Mil
o
o
d
A
lmelia
n
)
3883
2
.2
.
SVPW
M
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
s
ig
n
a
l
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
d
ec
ad
e
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
VS
C
b
ec
au
s
e
it
allo
w
s
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
m
m
u
tat
io
n
lo
s
s
es
a
n
d
/o
r
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
to
o
b
tain
h
i
g
h
er
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
e
x
es i
f
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SP
W
M
tech
n
i
q
u
e
[
19
]
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
SVP
W
M
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
ti
o
n
in
v
o
lv
e
s
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
:
Secto
r
id
en
tif
ica
tio
n
i
n
w
h
ic
h
th
e
i
n
s
tan
ta
n
eo
u
s
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
lies
,
m
ap
p
in
g
th
is
s
ec
to
r
to
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
ec
to
r
in
th
e
in
n
er
h
ex
ag
o
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
o
r
d
in
ate
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
,
d
eter
m
in
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
v
ec
to
r
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
s
,
an
d
s
e
lectin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
d
iv
id
u
al
v
ec
to
r
s
u
s
i
n
g
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
tab
les
[
20
,
21
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
lo
w
-
co
s
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
w
h
ich
th
e
P
W
M
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ti
m
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
le
g
s
ar
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
d
er
i
v
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
led
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
es.
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
c
h
e
m
e
is
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
w
h
er
e
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
cir
cu
it
w
i
th
P
W
M
s
i
g
n
al
(
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al)
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
p
u
ls
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
in
v
er
ter
leg
s
i
n
ea
ch
p
h
ase
w
i
ll
b
e
g
en
er
ated
[
20
].
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
SVP
W
M
s
ch
e
m
e
T
h
e
SVP
W
M
T
h
e
n
e
w
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
i
s
co
m
p
l
etel
y
b
ased
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
s
ta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
all
th
e
p
h
ase
s
.
T
o
o
b
tain
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
th
e
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
cir
cu
i
t,
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
es
V
re
f
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
o
d
e
v
o
ltag
e
V
set
w
h
ic
h
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
(
4
)
[
19
]
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
s
a
m
p
led
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
h
a
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
is
V
m
ax
w
h
ile
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
ag
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
th
r
ee
s
a
m
p
le
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
h
ase
v
o
lta
g
e
s
is
V
m
in
.
=
−
(
+
)
/
2
(
4
)
T
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
VP
W
M
u
s
i
n
g
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
r
e
f
er
en
ce
p
h
ase
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
f
o
r
VSC
s
c
h
e
m
e
in
v
o
l
v
es t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
tep
s
:
a.
C
alcu
late
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
eq
u
i
v
ale
n
t
o
f
s
a
m
p
led
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
o
f
V
an
,
V
bn
,
a
n
d
V
cn
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
in
ter
v
a
l,
w
h
er
e
T
S
is
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
in
g
t
i
m
e
p
er
io
d
.
=
(
5
)
=
(
6
)
=
(
7
)
b.
Fin
d
T
set
as f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
=
0
.
5
(
+
)
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
T
m
ax
an
d
T
m
in
ar
e
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
o
f
T
as
,
T
bs
,
an
d
T
cs
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
3
8
8
0
-
3890
3884
c.
C
alcu
late
T
a(g
ate)
, T
b(g
ate)
,
an
d
T
c(g
ate)
as:
(
)
=
+
(
9
)
(
)
=
+
(
1
0
)
(
)
=
+
(
1
1
)
W
h
er
e
T
a(g
ate)
,
T
b(g
ate)
,
an
d
T
c(g
ate)
ar
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
s
w
h
ic
h
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
tr
ian
g
u
lar
w
av
e
i
n
P
W
M
g
e
n
e
r
ato
r
,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
p
u
ls
e
s
f
o
r
VSC
s
w
i
tch
e
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
ig
n
al
s
T
a(g
ate)
,
T
b(gate)
,
a
n
d
T
c(
g
ate)
w
h
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ted
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
cir
c
u
it
Hen
ce
g
ati
n
g
s
i
g
n
al
(
p
u
ls
es)
is
g
en
er
ated
w
it
h
o
u
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
ec
to
r
an
g
le,
also
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
les
f
o
r
s
el
ec
tin
g
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
w
itc
h
in
g
v
ec
to
r
s
ar
e
av
o
id
ed
in
th
is
s
ch
e
m
e.
I
n
t
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
o
n
l
y
s
a
m
p
led
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
h
ase
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
SVP
W
M
cir
cu
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
an
y
m
u
ltil
e
v
el
VS
C
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
an
d
ca
n
also
w
o
r
k
i
n
th
e
o
v
er
-
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
r
eg
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ou
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
s
o
f
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
cir
cu
it
2
.
3
.
Str
uct
ure
o
f
c
o
ntr
o
l c
ir
cu
it
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
S
T
A
T
C
OM
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
i
s
to
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
a
cto
r
u
n
d
er
lag
g
in
g
/lead
i
n
g
P
F
lo
ad
s
b
y
i
n
j
ec
tin
g
o
r
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
to
o
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
b
asi
c
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
S
T
A
T
C
OM
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e,
t
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
d
ir
ec
tl
y
b
y
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
(
SVP
W
M)
in
wh
ich
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
d
c
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
k
ep
t
co
n
s
ta
n
t.
T
h
e
ST
A
T
C
O
M
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
to
d
eliv
er
eith
er
in
d
u
cti
v
e
o
r
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
to
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
its
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
Vca
,
Vcb
,
an
d
Vcc
[
22
]
.
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
e
l
V
SC
ST
A
T
C
OM
i
s
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
th
e
ST
A
T
C
O
M
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
P
C
C
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vb
u
s
3
_
r
ef
)
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
ac
tu
a
l
P
C
C
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vb
u
s
3
)
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
ese
t
w
o
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
P
I
/A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
1
)
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
al
u
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
(
M)
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
th
e
P
F
o
f
P
C
C
at
th
e
d
e
s
ir
ed
v
al
u
e.
B
esid
es
t
h
at,
a
s
m
all
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
lo
w
i
s
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
p
h
ase
s
h
if
tin
g
(
la
g
g
in
g
)
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
v
o
ltag
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
P
C
C
v
o
lta
g
e
b
y
a
s
m
a
ll
an
g
le
(
α
)
in
o
r
d
er
to
k
ee
p
t
h
e
d
c
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
α
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
a
n
o
th
er
P
I
/A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
2
)
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
Vd
c_
r
ef
a
n
d
th
e
Vd
c.
Fi
n
all
y
,
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als,
α
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
P
h
ase
lo
o
k
lo
o
p
(
PLL
)
(
θ)
ar
e
s
u
p
p
l
ied
to
th
e
p
h
ase
s
h
if
ter
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
l
s
i
g
n
al
s
ar
e
f
ed
t
o
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
lo
ck
to
g
et
h
er
w
it
h
MI
to
cr
ea
te
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
s
w
h
ic
h
p
ass
ed
to
th
e
SVP
W
M
b
lo
ck
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
f
ir
in
g
p
u
ls
e
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
H.
B
r
id
g
e
[
23
]
.
P
L
L
h
a
s
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
ST
AT
C
OM
w
it
h
th
a
t o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
leve
l V
S
C
S
TATC
OM b
y
A
N
N
…
(
Mo
h
a
ma
d
Mil
o
o
d
A
lmelia
n
)
3885
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l c
ir
cu
it o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
el
VS
C
ST
A
T
C
O
M
2
.
3
.
1.
P
I
c
o
ntr
o
ller
P
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
-
i
n
te
g
r
al
(
P
I
)
C
o
n
tr
o
ller
is
a
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
w
h
ich
g
en
er
ate
s
a
g
ated
co
m
m
an
d
to
o
p
er
ate
th
e
C
ascad
ed
3
-
lev
el
VSC
ST
A
T
C
OM
a
n
d
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
d
esire
d
v
a
lu
e
s
a
g
a
in
s
t
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
r
ea
ctiv
e
/r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
i
t
(
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
ite
1
an
d
2
)
.
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
u
tf
its
a
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
w
it
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
an
d
in
teg
r
al
ac
tio
n
as d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
o
b
j
ec
t
in
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
l
d
iag
r
a
m
is
to
tu
n
e
P
I
p
a
r
am
eter
s
(
Ki
an
d
Kp
)
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
to
tal
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
u
p
o
n
th
e
s
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
Kp
an
d
Ki
ca
n
f
in
d
o
u
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
KI
an
d
Kp
ar
e
2
5
an
d
1
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
o
p
,
w
h
er
ea
s
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
an
d
in
te
g
r
al
g
ai
n
s
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l u
n
it is
0
.
0
2
5
.
2
.
3
.
2.
ANN
c
o
ntr
o
ller
Neu
r
al
-
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
w
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
i
s
g
etti
n
g
f
as
h
io
n
ab
le
i
n
th
e
p
r
ese
n
t
er
a.
A
N
N
i
s
a
h
ig
h
l
y
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
et
wo
r
k
o
f
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
ele
m
e
n
ts
ca
lled
n
e
u
r
o
n
s
in
an
ar
ch
itec
tu
r
e
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
b
r
ain
[
7
,
8
]
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
la
y
er
s
o
f
n
eu
r
o
n
s
,
an
i
n
p
u
t la
y
er
,
h
id
d
e
n
la
y
er
s
,
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t la
y
er
as g
i
v
en
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ai
m
o
f
t
h
e
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
to
f
i
n
d
s
u
i
tab
le
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
w
ei
g
h
ts
a
n
d
b
iase
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
t
h
e
lear
n
ab
le
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
s
id
e
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
t
h
at
c
au
s
e
t
h
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
to
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
a
t
th
e
P
C
C
a
n
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
d
c
li
n
k
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
an
d
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
it is
p
r
o
p
ag
ated
b
ac
k
w
ar
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
24
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
a
n
eu
r
al
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
is
d
o
n
e
o
f
f
l
in
e
b
y
th
e
L
e
v
en
b
er
g
-
Ma
r
q
u
ar
d
t
b
ac
k
-
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
(
L
MB
P
)
alg
o
r
it
h
m
t
h
at
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
f
ast
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
s
p
ac
e
wh
ich
ta
k
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
h
as
3
la
y
er
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
o
n
e
i
n
p
u
t
la
y
er
,
o
n
e
h
id
d
en
la
y
er
co
n
tain
e
s
1
0
n
eu
r
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t
la
y
er
,
w
h
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
in
n
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ANN
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ep
o
ch
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
tr
ain
th
e
A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
is
7
0
a
n
d
th
e
b
es
t
v
al
id
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
0
.
0
0
0
3
0
1
at
ep
o
ch
5
5
w
h
ile
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ep
o
ch
s
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
u
n
it
is
6
0
an
d
t
h
e
b
est
v
alid
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
0
.
0
0
3
5
2
at
ep
o
ch
4
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
3
8
8
0
-
3890
3886
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Gen
er
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
n
n
er
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
ANN
co
n
tr
o
ller
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
el
VSC
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
h
ic
h
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
b
u
s
-
3
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
(
I
E
E
E
3
-
b
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
)
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
is
m
o
d
eled
in
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
i
m
u
li
n
k
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
cir
cu
i
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
lis
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s:
-
R
ated
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
6
.
6
k
V
L
-
L,
rm
s
,
r
ated
p
o
w
er
i
s
2
0
MV
A
,
r
esis
ta
n
ce
i
s
0
.
8
9
Ω
,
i
m
p
ed
an
c
e
is
1
6
.
4
8
m
H,
an
d
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
s
5
0
H
Z
,
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
b
u
s
es
(
Z
1
,
2
,
Z
1
,
3
,
an
d
Z
2
,
3
)
ar
e
0
.
0
5
+
j
0
.
2
Ω
,
0
.
0
2
+
j
0
.
1
Ω
,
an
d
0
.
0
3
6
+
j
0
.
1
2
Ω
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
ac
ti
v
e
p
o
w
er
f
o
r
in
d
u
cti
v
e
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
lo
ad
is
1
MW
w
h
ile
i
n
d
u
cti
v
e/ca
p
ac
iti
v
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
is
1
MV
AR
,
f
i
lter
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
is
1
0
.
7
m
H,
D
C
lin
k
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
6
k
V
an
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
is
2
k
Hz.
-
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
b
elo
w
ill
u
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
el
VS
C
S
T
S
T
C
OM
u
n
d
er
P
I
/A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
P
F
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
an
d
T
HD
o
f
VSC
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
a
s
ev
alu
a
ted
u
n
d
er
t
w
o
ca
s
es
w
h
i
ch
ar
e
lag
g
in
g
P
F
lo
ad
(
in
d
u
ct
iv
e
lo
ad
)
ca
s
e
an
d
lead
in
g
P
F
lo
ad
(
in
d
u
ctiv
e
lo
ad
)
ca
s
e,
w
h
er
e
th
e
tr
a
n
s
i
tio
n
ti
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
ca
s
es i
s
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
f
r
o
m
0
s
ec
to
1
.
5
s
ec
.
3
.
1
.
Co
m
pen
s
a
t
io
n o
f
la
g
g
i
ng
P
F
lo
a
d (
I
nd
uct
iv
e
lo
a
d)
3
.
1
.
1
.
P
F
a
m
p
litude
d
uring
p
er
io
d o
f
ind
uct
iv
e
lo
a
d
T
h
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
in
d
u
cti
v
e
lo
ad
s
is
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
P
F,
w
h
ich
te
n
d
s
to
0
.
7
1
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
tili
ze
d
ST
AT
C
OM
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
Nev
er
th
ele
s
s
,
t
h
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
w
i
th
P
I
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
r
in
g
b
ac
k
th
e
P
F
to
th
e
0
.
9
8
2
th
r
o
u
g
h
0
.
4
5
1
s
ec
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
STA
T
C
OM
co
m
p
en
s
ates
t
h
e
lack
o
f
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
w
h
er
ea
s
th
e
id
ea
l
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
P
F
(
u
n
it
y
)
w
a
s
g
ai
n
ed
b
y
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
ith
in
0
.
0
3
s
ec
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
(
a)
an
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
0
(
b
)
.
Her
e,
th
e
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
r
ed
u
ce
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ac
t
u
al
v
al
u
e
an
d
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
to
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
th
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
it.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
leve
l V
S
C
S
TATC
OM b
y
A
N
N
…
(
Mo
h
a
ma
d
Mil
o
o
d
A
lmelia
n
)
3887
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
P
F o
f
B
u
s
-
3
d
u
r
in
g
i
n
d
u
cti
v
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
w
it
h
o
u
t ST
A
T
C
OM
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
P
F o
f
B
u
s
-
3
d
u
r
in
g
in
d
u
cti
v
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
w
it
h
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
; (
a)
P
I
,
(
b
)
A
N
N
3
.
1
.
2.
T
H
D
v
a
lue during
ind
uct
iv
e
lo
a
d per
io
d
A
N
N
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
SVP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
av
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
e
li
m
i
n
ati
n
g
th
e
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
w
h
er
e,
th
e
T
HD
o
f
VSC
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
w
as
4
.
5
3
%
b
y
A
N
N
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
t
h
at
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
w
h
ich
te
n
d
to
5
.
8
5
% a
s
p
r
esen
ts
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
1
(
a
)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
(
b
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
11
.
T
HD
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t d
u
r
in
g
i
n
d
u
c
tiv
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
.
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
;
(
a)
PI,
(
b
)
A
NN
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pen
s
a
t
io
n o
f
lea
din
g
P
F
lo
a
d (
Ca
pa
cit
iv
e
lo
a
d)
3
.
2
.
1
.
P
F
a
m
p
litude
d
uring
p
er
io
d o
f
ca
pa
cit
iv
e
lo
a
d
Du
r
in
g
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
i
s
a
h
ea
d
co
m
p
ar
in
g
w
i
th
th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
b
u
s
3
,
w
h
e
r
e
th
e
PF
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
0
.
6
9
w
ith
o
u
t
ST
A
T
C
OM
a
s
d
is
p
la
y
e
d
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
2
.
W
ith
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
b
y
t
h
e
ST
A
T
C
OM
,
t
h
e
P
F
ca
m
e
b
ac
k
to
t
h
e
0
.
9
8
3
w
it
h
i
n
0
.
7
8
8
s
ec
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
A
NN
aid
ed
ST
AT
C
OM
to
h
av
e
u
n
it
y
P
F
j
u
s
t
d
u
r
in
g
0
.
0
3
5
s
ec
as
p
r
o
v
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
13
(
a)
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
1
3
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
R
T
o
f
S
T
AT
C
OM
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
A
NN,
w
h
er
e
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
th
e
R
T
o
f
ANN
to
P
I
is
4
.
4
4
% th
at
is
m
ea
n
in
g
A
NN
h
as i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
ti
m
e
to
9
5
.
5
5
%.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
3
8
8
0
-
3890
3888
Fig
u
r
e
12
.
P
F o
f
B
u
s
-
3
d
u
r
in
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
w
it
h
o
u
t ST
A
T
C
OM
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
13
.
P
F o
f
B
u
s
-
3
d
u
r
in
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
w
it
h
S
T
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
; (
a)
P
I
,
(
b
)
A
NN
3
.
2
.
2
.
T
H
D
v
a
lue during
ca
pa
cit
iv
e
lo
a
d per
io
d
T
h
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
VSC
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
t
h
at
i
n
j
ec
ted
in
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
b
y
t
h
e
S
T
A
T
C
OM
f
o
u
n
d
ed
o
n
P
I
an
d
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
e
eq
u
al
5
.
9
7
%
an
d
4
.
6
3
%
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
as
clea
r
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
(
b
)
.
T
h
at
m
ea
n
s
t
h
e
ANN
h
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
th
e
SV
P
W
M
an
d
L
-
f
i
lter
to
atte
n
u
a
t
e
th
e
m
aj
o
r
p
ar
t
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ip
p
les
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
th
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
P
I
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
e
s
u
l
ts
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
V
SC
ST
A
T
C
OM
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
P
I
an
d
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
o
f
l
ag
g
i
n
g
/lead
i
n
g
P
F
lo
ad
as sh
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
T
HD
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
o
u
tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t d
u
r
in
g
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
lo
ad
p
er
io
d
.
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
; (
a)
PI,
(
b
)
A
NN
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
E
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
ee
-
leve
l V
S
C
S
TATC
OM b
y
A
N
N
…
(
Mo
h
a
ma
d
Mil
o
o
d
A
lmelia
n
)
3889
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
r
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
f
o
r
ca
s
ca
d
ed
th
r
e
e
-
l
ev
el
VS
C
ST
A
T
C
OM
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ased
o
n
P
I
an
d
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
u
r
in
g
p
er
io
d
o
f
lag
g
in
g
/lea
d
in
g
P
F lo
ad
.
C
a
se
s
T
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
s d
u
r
i
n
g
p
e
r
i
o
d
o
f
L
a
g
g
i
n
g
P
F
l
o
a
d
(
I
n
d
u
c
t
i
v
e
L
o
a
d
)
L
e
a
d
i
n
g
P
F
l
o
a
d
(
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
i
v
e
L
o
a
d
)
PF
T
H
D
PF
T
H
D
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
S
T
A
T
C
O
M
0
.
7
1
---
0
.
6
9
---
S
TA
T
C
O
M
W
i
t
h
P
I
0
.
9
8
2
5
.
8
5
%
0
.
9
8
3
5
.
9
7
%
R
T
o
f
P
I
(
s
e
c
)
0
.
4
5
1
---
0
.
8
4
3
---
S
TA
T
C
O
M
W
i
t
h
A
N
N
1
4
.
5
3
%
1
4
.
6
3
%
R
T
o
f
A
N
N
(
se
c
)
0
.
0
3
---
0
.
0
3
5
---
I
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
P
I
2
7
.
2
%
---
2
9
.
3
%
---
I
mp
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
o
f
A
N
N
2
9
%
---
3
1
%
---
R
T
o
f
A
N
N
t
o
P
I
6
.
6
5
%
---
4
.
1
5
%
---
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ANN
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
a
n
e
w
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
SVP
W
M
tech
n
i
q
u
e
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
ca
s
ca
d
ed
3
-
lev
el
VSC
ST
A
T
C
OM
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
an
d
eli
m
i
n
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
ip
p
les
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
u
s
e
d
in
VS
C
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ST
A
T
C
OM
b
ased
o
n
A
NN
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
p
r
o
v
e
n
b
y
r
esu
l
ts
w
h
er
e
th
e
P
F
te
n
d
s
to
o
n
e
an
d
T
HD
o
f
VS
C
o
u
tp
u
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
te
n
d
s
to
v
al
u
e
l
ess
t
h
a
n
5
%
d
u
r
in
g
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
t
h
e
la
g
g
i
n
g
/
lead
in
g
P
F
lo
ad
as
g
iv
e
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
at
m
ea
n
s
,
i
n
telli
g
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
f
ast
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
ab
ili
t
y
u
n
d
er
al
l
o
p
er
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
co
m
p
ar
e
d
w
it
h
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
i
t.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N.
Is
m
a
il
a
n
d
W
.
N.
W
.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
"
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
we
r
q
u
a
li
ty
in
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
D
-
S
TAT
COM,
"
in
2
0
1
0
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
o
we
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
O
p
ti
miza
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
PE
OCO
)
,
2
0
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
1
8
-
4
2
3
.
[2
]
[
M
.
M
.
A
lm
e
li
a
n
,
I.
I.
M
o
h
d
,
M
.
A
.
O
m
r
a
n
,
a
n
d
U.
U.
S
h
e
ik
h
,
"
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
u
n
if
ied
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
e
r
(UP
QC)
b
a
se
d
o
n
f
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r
f
o
r
a
tt
e
n
u
a
ti
n
g
o
f
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
h
a
rm
o
n
ics
,
"
in
IOP
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
r
ies
:
M
a
ter
ia
ls S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
.
0
1
2
0
8
4
.
[3
]
D.
M
.
S
o
o
m
ro
a
n
d
M
.
A
lm
e
li
a
n
,
"
Op
ti
m
a
l
d
e
sig
n
o
f
a
sin
g
le
tu
n
e
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
f
il
ter
to
m
it
ig
a
te
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
in
p
o
w
e
r
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
"
AR
PN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
0
0
9
-
9
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
5.
[4
]
B.
S
i
n
g
h
,
R.
S
a
h
a
,
A
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
,
a
n
d
K.
A
l
-
Ha
d
d
a
d
,
"
S
tatic
sy
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
to
rs
(S
T
AT
C
OM):
a
re
v
iew
,
"
IET
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
-
3
2
4
,
2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
M
.
M
a
h
d
ia
n
p
o
o
r,
A
.
Ki
y
o
u
m
a
r
si,
M
.
A
tae
i,
R.
A
.
Ho
o
sh
m
a
n
d
,
a
n
d
H.
Ka
rim
i,
"
A
m
u
lt
i
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
DST
AT
COM
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t,
"
T
u
rk
ish
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
&
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
-
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
R.
Çö
tel
İ,
H.
A
ç
i
k
g
ö
z
,
B.
D
a
n
d
il
,
a
n
d
S
.
T
u
n
c
e
r,
"
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
re
e
-
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
-
b
a
se
d
D
-
S
TAT
COM
u
sin
g
n
e
u
r
o
-
f
u
z
z
y
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r,
"
T
u
rk
ish
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
8
8
-
2
1
0
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
Y.
X
ia
o
-
p
i
n
g
,
Z.
Ya
n
-
ru
,
a
n
d
W
.
Ya
n
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
tro
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
DST
AT
COM
u
sin
g
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
"
in
2
0
0
6
CE
S
/IE
E
E
5
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
o
t
io
n
Co
n
tro
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[8
]
M
.
T
.
A
h
m
a
d
,
N.
Ku
m
a
r,
a
n
d
B.
S
in
g
h
,
"
G
e
n
e
ra
li
se
d
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
DST
AT
COM
in
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
"
IET
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
9
-
1
5
3
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
[
A
.
D.
Ka
d
u
,
P
.
De
b
re
,
R.
Ju
n
e
j
a
,
a
n
d
N.
P
a
n
d
e
,
"
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
S
TAT
COM
f
o
r
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
d
irec
t
c
u
rre
n
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
"
in
20
1
7
S
e
c
o
n
d
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
,
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
ICECCT
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
N.
P
.
W
a
n
d
h
a
re
a
n
d
V
.
P
.
Jo
sh
i,
"
P
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
si
n
g
m
u
lt
i
-
lev
e
l
in
v
e
rter
a
s
S
TAT
COM,
"
in
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l,
In
str
u
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
ICEICE
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
1
]
P
.
S
a
rv
g
h
a
d
i,
R.
G
h
a
z
i,
a
n
d
H.
He
y
d
a
ri
-
d
o
o
sta
b
a
d
,
"
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
p
re
d
ictiv
e
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
d
e
sig
n
to
im
p
ro
v
e
p
o
we
r
f
a
c
to
r
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
c
u
rre
n
t
in
jec
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
D
-
S
TAT
COM,
"
in
2
0
1
7
8
th
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
PE
DS
T
C)
,
p
p
.
4
0
1
-
4
0
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
M
.
M
.
Ha
sh
e
m
p
o
u
r
a
n
d
T
.
-
L
.
L
e
e
,
"
In
teg
r
a
ted
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
f
lu
c
tu
a
ti
o
n
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
icro
g
rid
u
sin
g
S
TA
T
C
OM,
"
in
2
0
1
7
I
EE
E
3
rd
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
F
u
tu
re
E
n
e
rg
y
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
ECCE
Asia
(
IFE
EC
2
0
1
7
-
ECCE
Asi
a
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
5
-
1
2
1
9
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
J.
Ja
y
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
a
n
d
R.
M
.
S
a
c
h
it
h
a
n
a
n
d
a
m
,
"
N
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
n
tro
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
DS
TAT
COM
u
n
d
e
r
n
o
n
id
e
a
l
so
u
rc
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
v
a
ry
in
g
lo
a
d
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,"
Ca
n
a
d
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
7
-
3
1
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
S
.
U.
S
h
i
n
d
e
,
M
.
S
h
a
rm
il
a
,
R.
S
.
P
a
ti
l
,
a
n
d
D.
V
.
M
a
lk
h
e
d
e
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
P
I
&
A
N
N
b
a
se
d
S
TAT
COM
f
o
r
1
3
2
K
V
tran
sm
issio
n
l
in
e
,
"
in
2
0
1
6
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
trica
l,
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
Op
ti
miza
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s (
ICEE
OT)
,
p
p
.
2
7
3
0
-
2
7
3
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
T
.
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
L
.
S
.
Ra
o
,
"
Im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
A
NN
-
L
M
BNN
b
a
se
d
D
-
S
TAT
COM,
"
in
2
0
1
7
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s i
n
P
o
we
r a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
i
-
PA
CT
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.