I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
a
l
of
E
lec
t
r
ica
l
an
d
Com
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
gin
e
e
r
in
g
(
I
JE
CE
)
Vo
l
.
11
,
N
o
.
3
,
J
un
e
2021
,
pp.
19
69~1975
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/
i
j
e
c
e
.
v
11
i
3
.
pp1969
-
1975
1969
Jou
r
n
al
h
o
m
e
page
:
ht
tp:
//
ij
e
c
e
.
iaes
c
or
e
.
c
om
N
e
w
p
r
op
ose
d
m
e
t
h
od
f
or
t
r
ac
e
ab
il
ity
d
is
se
m
i
n
at
io
n
of
c
ap
ac
itan
c
e
m
e
asu
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
Heba
A.
M
.
Ham
e
d
,
A.
E
l
iwa
Gad
,
M
.
Hel
m
y
A.
Raouf
D
e
p
art
men
t
o
f
E
l
ec
t
ri
c
a
l
Q
u
an
t
i
t
i
e
s
M
e
t
ro
l
o
g
y
,
N
at
i
o
n
a
l
In
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
St
an
d
ar
d
s
(N
I
S),
E
g
y
p
t
Ar
t
ic
l
e
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
i
ve
d
A
ug
26
,
20
20
R
e
vi
s
e
d
De
c
22
,
20
20
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
a
n
5
,
2021
Cap
ac
i
t
an
ce
me
as
u
r
emen
t
s
at
t
h
e
N
at
i
o
n
al
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
St
an
d
ar
d
s
(N
I
S),
E
g
y
p
t
,
are
t
ra
ce
ab
l
e
t
o
t
h
e
B
u
r
e
au
I
n
t
e
rn
at
i
o
n
a
l
d
es
Po
i
d
s
e
t
Me
s
u
r
e
s
(BI
PM).
I
t
c
a
l
i
b
rat
e
s
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
N
I
S
s
t
an
d
ard
c
ap
aci
t
o
rs
,
A
H
1
1
A
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
p
ap
e
r,
t
rac
e
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
BI
PM
c
ap
aci
t
an
ce
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
s
co
u
l
d
b
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
at
e
a
n
ew
a
ccu
rat
e
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
me
t
h
o
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
an
U
l
t
ra
-
Preci
s
i
o
n
Cap
ac
i
t
an
ce
Bri
d
g
e
.
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h
e
n
ew
me
t
h
o
d
i
s
c
ar
e
fu
l
l
y
d
e
s
cri
b
e
d
b
y
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n
t
ro
d
u
c
i
n
g
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o
me
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ece
s
s
ar
y
e
q
u
at
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o
n
s
an
d
a
d
em
o
n
s
t
rat
i
n
g
c
h
art
.
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eri
fi
c
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
n
ew
me
t
h
o
d
h
as
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ee
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al
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z
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d
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y
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m
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ari
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t
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re
s
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l
t
s
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r
t
h
e
1
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p
F
an
d
1
0
0
p
F
c
ap
aci
t
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ce
s
t
an
d
ard
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
re
s
u
l
t
s
o
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t
ai
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ed
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y
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h
e
co
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v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
b
s
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i
t
u
t
i
o
n
me
t
h
o
d
at
1
k
H
z
an
d
1
.
5
9
2
k
H
z.
T
h
e
re
l
at
i
v
e
d
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ff
e
r
en
ce
s
b
e
t
w
een
t
h
e
t
w
o
me
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h
o
d
s
are
ab
o
u
t
0
.
3
µF/
F,
w
h
i
ch
refl
ec
t
t
h
e
a
cc
u
ra
cy
o
f
t
h
e
n
ew
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
me
t
h
o
d
.
F
o
r
h
i
g
h
e
r
c
ap
ac
i
t
an
ce
ra
n
g
e
s
,
t
h
e
n
ew
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
me
t
h
o
d
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
l
i
ed
fo
r
t
h
e
c
ap
ac
i
t
a
n
ce
me
as
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remen
t
s
u
p
t
o
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μF
a
t
1
k
H
z.
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h
e
rel
at
i
v
e
d
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ff
e
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ce
s
b
e
t
w
ee
n
t
h
e
t
w
o
me
t
h
o
d
s
are
i
n
t
h
e
ran
g
e
o
f
5
.
5
µF/
F
o
n
t
h
e
av
e
ra
g
e
w
h
i
c
h
p
ro
v
e
s
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h
e
a
cce
p
t
ab
l
e
a
cc
u
ra
cy
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
el
i
ab
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
n
ew
me
t
h
o
d
t
o
b
e
u
s
e
d
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
M
e
t
r
o
l
o
gy
T
r
a
c
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
di
s
s
e
m
in
a
t
i
o
n
Un
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
b
udge
t
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
cen
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
He
b
a
A
.
M
.
Ha
m
e
d
De
pa
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
Qua
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
M
e
t
r
o
l
o
g
y
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
ns
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
S
t
a
n
da
r
ds
(
NI
S
)
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
An
w
e
r
E
l
-
S
a
da
t
(
T
e
r
s
a
)
S
t
r
e
e
t,
E
l
Ha
r
a
m
,
E
l
G
i
z
a
,
E
g
y
pt
P
.
O.
B
o
x
:
136
Gi
z
a
,
C
o
de
N
o
:
12211
E
m
a
i
l
:
He
b
a
_a
hm
e
d_
m
o
ha
m
e
d
@y
a
h
o
o.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
nc
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
s
a
r
e
pr
i
m
a
r
i
ly
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
i
n
t
e
r
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
qua
n
t
i
z
e
d
Ha
l
l
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
u
s
i
ng
a
qua
dr
a
t
ur
e
b
r
i
dge
t
h
r
o
ugh
s
o
m
e
c
o
ns
e
c
ut
i
v
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
[
1
-
6
]
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
f
o
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
a
t
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
r
e
que
n
c
i
e
s
[
7
-
13
]
.
A
c
c
ur
a
t
e
di
s
s
e
m
i
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
u
ni
t
i
n
a
w
i
de
r
a
n
ge
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
a
v
e
r
y
im
po
r
t
a
n
t
i
s
s
ue
i
n
t
h
e
c
a
li
br
a
t
i
o
n
l
a
bo
r
a
tor
i
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
r
a
c
e
a
bi
li
t
y
c
h
a
i
ns
o
f
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
mea
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
d
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
l
e
v
e
l
s
t
o
de
v
e
l
o
p
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
nc
e
s
c
a
li
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
i
t
i
s
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
t
o
c
o
n
s
t
r
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t
a
v
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y
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
s
c
a
li
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
due
t
o
t
h
e
l
a
c
k
o
f
pe
r
f
e
c
t
l
i
ne
a
r
i
t
y
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
i
ns
t
r
u
m
e
n
t
s
.
S
o
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
o
m
e
l
im
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
r
a
n
ge
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
a
n
ge
f
o
r
a
ny
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
s
c
a
li
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
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n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
wa
s
m
a
i
n
ly
c
o
ns
t
r
uc
t
e
d
by
a
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
ll
y
a
v
a
il
a
bl
e
f
o
ur
-
t
e
r
m
i
na
l
-
p
a
i
r
L
C
R
m
e
t
e
r
a
n
d
a
n
in
duc
t
i
v
e
v
o
l
t
a
ge
d
i
vi
de
r
(
I
VD
)
[
14
]
.
Ge
n
e
r
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
L
C
R
m
e
t
e
r
i
s
us
e
d
a
s
a
t
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
de
vi
c
e
w
i
t
h
mi
n
im
u
m
l
i
ne
a
r
i
t
y
e
r
r
o
r
s
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
I
VD
a
n
d
t
h
e
L
C
R
m
e
t
e
r
c
a
n
b
e
c
a
l
i
br
a
t
e
d
by
c
o
m
pa
r
i
n
g
t
wo
c
a
l
i
br
a
t
e
d
4T
P
a
i
r
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
s
w
i
t
h
k
n
o
wn
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
de
pe
n
de
n
c
e
[
16
,
17
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
a
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
nc
e
s
c
a
li
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
e
s
t
a
bli
s
h
e
d
by
us
i
ng
d
i
f
f
e
r
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n
t
c
o
m
po
n
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
i
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
e
v
a
l
ua
t
e
d
a
n
d
v
e
r
i
f
i
e
d
[
1
8
].
C
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
t
t
h
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
I
n
s
t
i
t
ute
o
f
S
t
a
n
da
r
ds
(
NI
S
)
,
E
gy
pt
,
a
r
e
m
a
i
n
ly
t
r
a
c
e
a
bl
e
to
t
h
e
B
ur
e
a
u
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
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o
n
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l
de
s
P
o
i
d
s
e
t
M
e
s
ur
e
s
(
B
I
P
M
)
.
I
t
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
r
e
e
o
f
t
h
e
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S
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
s
,
F
us
e
d
S
i
li
c
a
c
a
pa
c
i
t
o
r
s
m
o
de
l
A
H11
A
,
w
hi
c
h
h
a
ve
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
d
va
l
u
e
s
o
f
1
p
F
,
10
p
F
,
a
n
d
100
pF
.
F
o
r
hi
g
h
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
r
a
n
ge
s
,
t
h
e
NI
S
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
t
r
a
c
e
a
bl
e
t
o
t
h
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
hy
s
i
c
a
l
L
a
b
o
r
a
tor
y
(
NPL
)
whi
c
h
i
s
t
h
e
Na
t
i
o
na
l
M
e
t
r
o
l
o
g
y
I
ns
t
i
t
u
t
e
(
NM
I
)
o
f
U
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2
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=
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(
5)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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m
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N:
2088
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8708
N
e
w
p
r
opos
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d
me
thod
f
or
tr
ac
e
abil
it
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dis
s
e
minati
on
o
f
the
c
apac
it
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e
me
as
ur
e
me
nt
s
(
He
ba
A
.
M
.
Ham
e
d)
1971
T
h
e
n
t
h
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c
t
ua
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v
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l
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f
t
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s
t
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d
c
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br
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d
2
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t
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d
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y
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g
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vi
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,
1
,
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
by
s
u
b
s
t
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ut
i
o
n
m
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d
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3.
P
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CONF
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RM
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i
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F
i
gur
e
1.
T
h
e
c
o
r
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c
t
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o
n
f
a
c
t
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b
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p
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t
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m
put
e
i
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s
a
c
t
ua
l
v
a
l
ue
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
o
m
pa
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
a
t
o
b
t
a
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n
e
d
by
t
h
e
c
o
nv
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
ll
y
u
s
e
d
s
u
b
s
t
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ut
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o
n
m
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t
h
o
d
a
s
de
m
o
ns
t
r
a
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1.
All
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
h
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n
c
a
r
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d
o
ut
us
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a
n
U
l
t
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s
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C
a
p
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c
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c
e
B
r
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dg
e
“
A
H2700
A
Opt
i
o
n
-
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+
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M
u
l
t
i
-
F
r
e
q.
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o
s
s
B
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i
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e
”
,
s
h
o
wn
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n
F
i
gur
e
2.
I
t
h
a
s
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
Go
l
d
-
P
l
a
t
e
d
L
o
w
No
i
s
e
C
o
a
xi
a
l
C
a
bl
e
s
a
n
d
c
o
n
ne
c
t
i
o
n
s
,
A
H
-
DC
O
A
X
-
T
P
G1
-
B
NC
.
F
i
gur
e
1.
C
h
a
r
t
f
o
r
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
w
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t
J
E
l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g,
Vo
l
.
11
,
N
o
.
3
,
J
un
e
2021:
1969
-
1975
1972
F
i
gur
e
2.
NI
S
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
m
e
d
by
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
s
t
A
H
b
r
i
dge
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
w
o
hi
g
hly
a
c
c
ur
a
t
e
c
a
pa
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
s
e
t
s
4.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ONS
T
h
e
n
e
w
pr
o
po
s
e
d
c
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
x
pe
r
im
e
n
t
a
l
ly
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
a
t
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
qua
n
t
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t
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s
m
e
t
r
o
l
o
g
y
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a
b
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tor
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,
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S
,
E
GY
P
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.
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h
e
t
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e
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bil
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f
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we
r
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l
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s
c
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pa
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t
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n
d
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ha
s
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d
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mi
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t
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d
to
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nve
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n
t
h
e
f
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l
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o
w
i
ng
s
u
b
-
s
e
c
t
i
o
ns
.
4
.
1.
Conf
ir
m
at
ion
of
t
h
e
n
e
w
ac
c
u
r
at
e
m
e
t
h
od
T
h
e
n
e
w
pr
o
po
s
e
d
c
a
l
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br
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
h
a
s
be
e
n
a
pp
l
i
e
d,
a
t
NI
S
,
by
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
pr
e
vi
o
us
ly
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
to
c
a
l
i
b
r
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t
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t
h
e
c
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pa
c
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t
a
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o
f
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p
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t
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kHz
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n
d
1.
592
kHz
.
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s
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l
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s
o
b
t
a
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n
e
d
by
t
he
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wo
m
e
t
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ds
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n
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w
pr
o
p
o
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t
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d
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d
c
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3
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1975
1974
RE
F
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NC
E
S
[1
]
L
.
Cal
l
e
g
aro
,
V
.
D
'
E
l
i
a
,
a
n
d
B.
T
ri
n
ch
e
ra
,
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Re
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]
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.
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In
g
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s
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.
M.
W
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.
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[4
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]
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[8
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.
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s
h
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R
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In
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t
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f
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s
(N
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hm
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El
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bdo
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,
re
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i
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t
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M.
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a
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d
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l
-
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,
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ro
,
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g
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8
an
d
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b
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a
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In
s
t
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o
f
St
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ar
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(N
I
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g
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p
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2
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h
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s
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Re
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l
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c
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,
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M.
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c
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Ph
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z
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,
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2
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1
,
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an
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ar
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d
2
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7
,
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s
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t
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.
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n
2
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h
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f
u
l
l
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o
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r.
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e
j
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d
t
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n
a
l
I
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
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o
f
St
an
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ar
d
s
(N
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,
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g
y
p
t
,
i
n
2
0
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.
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m
4
/
2
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t
o
4
/
2
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1
1
h
e
w
as
Po
s
t
–
D
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at
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o
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s
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ar
ch
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s
t
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o
f
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an
d
ar
d
s
an
d
S
c
i
en
ce
(
K
R
I
SS),
D
e
a
j
e
o
n
,
So
u
t
h
K
o
r
e
a.
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n
ce
2
0
1
3
,
h
e
h
as
b
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e
n
a
H
e
ad
o
f
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e
p
art
men
t
o
f
t
h
e
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l
ec
t
ri
c
a
l
Q
u
an
t
i
t
i
e
s
M
e
t
ro
l
o
g
y
at
N
I
S.
Si
n
ce
2
0
1
6
,
h
e
i
s
t
h
e
v
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c
h
a
i
r,
o
f
t
h
e
T
ec
h
n
i
c
a
l
Co
mm
i
t
t
ee
fo
r
E
l
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t
ri
ci
t
y
an
d
Ma
g
n
e
t
i
s
m
(T
C
-
E
M)
o
f
A
FR
I
ME
T
S,
t
h
e
i
n
t
ra
-
A
fri
c
a
me
t
ro
l
o
g
y
s
y
s
t
em
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
E
g
y
p
t
i
a
n
d
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l
eg
at
e
t
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t
h
e
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o
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s
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l
t
at
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mm
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fo
r
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l
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c
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t
y
a
n
d
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g
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(CCE
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o
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t
h
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t
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r
n
at
i
o
n
al
C
o
mm
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t
t
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fo
r
W
e
i
g
h
t
s
an
d
M
e
as
u
r
e
s
(C
I
PM).
H
i
s
re
s
e
ar
c
h
i
n
t
e
r
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s
t
s
are
m
a
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n
l
y
i
n
t
h
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l
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t
ri
c
al
m
a
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an
d
me
t
ro
l
o
g
y
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f
t
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l
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t
ri
c
a
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q
u
an
t
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t
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s
s
u
ch
as
c
ap
aci
t
an
ce
,
i
n
d
u
c
t
an
ce,
re
s
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t
an
ce
,
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m
p
e
d
a
n
ce
an
d
A
C
-
D
C
me
as
u
r
eme
n
t
s
.
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e
p
u
b
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h
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d
ab
o
u
t
4
0
p
a
p
e
rs
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re
f
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d
s
c
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t
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rn
a
l
s
an
d
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p
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n
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s
.
H
e
t
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s
s
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me
c
o
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rs
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s
i
n
el
ec
t
ri
c
al
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
.
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