Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
10
,
No.
3
,
June
2020
,
pp.
3253
~
3260
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v10
i
3
.
pp3253
-
32
60
3253
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ij
ece.i
aesc
or
e.c
om/i
nd
ex
.ph
p/IJ
ECE
Tra
nsmi
tting
audio via fi
ber optic
s und
er
n
onlin
ear effec
ts and
optimiz
ed
tunin
g parameters base
d on co
-
s
imu
lation
of
MATLAB
and Op
tiSystem
TM
Ab
d
ulrasul
A. Al
-
Hayder
, H. J.
Ab
d
, Ahm
ed
S
ama
w
i
Al
khafaji
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering
,
Co
ll
eg
e
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng,
Ba
b
y
lon
Univer
si
t
y,
Ir
aq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
A
pr
17
, 201
9
Re
vised
N
ov 16
,
20
19
Accepte
d
Ja
n 8
, 2020
The
ability
of
f
i
ber
opti
c
to
ove
rco
m
e
the
signa
l
tra
nsm
ission
proble
m
s
is
m
aki
ng
it
a
dom
ina
nt
tra
nsm
ission
m
edi
um
.
D
espit
e
of
thi
s
ma
jor
positi
ve
at
tri
bu
te
of
opt
i
c
fib
ers,
the
re
i
s
stil
l
a
downs
i
de
for
using
the
fibe
r
optic
comm
unic
at
ion;
tha
t
is
th
e
non
linear
i
t
y
probl
em.
For
the
first
ti
m
e,
a
d
esign
of
an
audi
o
signal
is
suggested
and
exe
cu
te
d
in
MA
TL
AB
with
int
egr
a
ti
o
n
with
OptiS
y
st
e
m
TM
S
oftwa
re
.
The
aud
io
signa
l
the
n
tr
ansm
it
ted
in
diffe
r
ent
shape
s
of
m
od
ula
ti
on
signa
ls
(NRZ,
RZ
,
&
RC)
for
diffe
re
nt
d
ista
nce
s
(100
km
&
75
k
m
)
via
a
f
ibe
r
o
pti
c
m
edia
to
be
recei
ved
in
a
re
ce
iv
ing
par
t
of
the
si
m
ulate
d
s
y
stem.
Three
te
sts
are
use
d
to
do
so.
T
he
first
is
the
Qual
ity
-
f
ac
t
o
(Q
-
Fact
or)
ag
ai
nst
th
e
re
ceive
d
power,
se
cond
te
st
is
e
y
e
dia
gra
m
per
form
anc
e
and
f
ina
l
l
y
is
the
m
ea
suring
of
the
amplit
ud
e
of
outpu
t
(re
ceive
d)
signa
l
for
each
m
odula
ti
on
signa
l
s
hape
using
the
Os
ci
ll
oscope
Visuali
z
er.
The
NZR
m
odula
tion
signal
was
f
ound
to
be
th
e
best
one
of
the
three
used
signal
s’
t
y
pes
in
al
l
thr
ee
te
sts
.
T
he
Q
-
fac
tor
for
NRZ
pulse
shape
(=12)
was
highe
r
tha
n
th
a
t
for
RZ
(
=10)
and
RC
(=8)
fo
r
a
100
km
dista
nc
e
a
t the
sa
m
e
recei
ved
po
wer
le
v
el
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Audio si
gnal
Nonlinea
r
ef
fe
ct
NRZ
Q
-
facto
r
Ra
ise
d
co
sine
Copyright
©
202
0
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
H.
J
. Ab
d
,
Dep
a
rtm
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng, Co
ll
e
ge of
Enginee
r
ing
,
Ba
bylon U
niv
e
rsity
,
Ba
bil
-
Hill
a,
40 street
-
ce
nter
of the cit
y o
f H
il
la
,
Ir
aq
.
Em
a
il
: haiderlaser@ya
hoo.
c
om
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Since
the
opti
cal
fiber,
as
a
com
m
un
ic
at
i
on
m
edium
,
i
s
pro
vid
i
ng
a
lot
m
or
e
bandw
i
dth
t
ha
n
the
coppe
r
cap
aci
ty
,
it
i
s
beco
m
e
the
m
a
in
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
s
m
edium
[1
-
4].
It
i
s
of
fe
rin
g
low
lo
s
s
ov
e
r
a
hig
h
band
width
,
re
duct
io
n
of
unwa
nted
al
te
rati
on
s,
no
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
interven
ti
on
,
and
it
s
long
li
fe.
Op
ti
cal
fiber
a
nd
wireless
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
are
alm
os
t
com
ple
m
entary,
ye
t,
especial
ly
at
gig
abits
per
seco
nd
transm
issi
on
r
at
es,
wireless
netw
ork
hav
i
ng
s
om
e
hin
dr
a
nce
to
acc
om
plish
high
e
nd
-
to
-
e
nd
data
del
iv
ery
perform
ance.
Op
ti
cal
fi
ber
s
are
widely
use
d
in
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
se
nsors
,
li
ghti
ng
a
nd
ot
her
us
a
ge
[5
-
6].
In
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
,
op
ti
cal
f
ibers
a
re
pro
vi
din
g
a
l
ong
distance
a
nd
a
higher
data
rates
transm
issi
on
com
par
ing
t
o
oth
e
r
f
or
m
s.
U
sing
c
oppe
r
wi
res
in
c
omm
u
nicat
ion
is
le
ss
eff
ic
ie
nt
tha
n
the
opti
cal
fib
ers
in
long
dista
nce
s
transm
issi
on
be
sides
th
e
bette
r
im
mu
nity
that
th
e
op
ti
cal
fib
ers
pr
ov
i
de
against
the
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
interfe
re
nc
e.
O
ptica
l
fib
ers
al
so
pr
ov
i
de
a
10
0%
sig
na
l
secur
it
y
co
m
par
ing
to
t
h
e
co
pp
e
r
cables
[
7
-
10]
.
The
fi
bers
are
no
t
em
it
te
d
t
he
tra
ns
m
itted
sign
al
s
with
out
ta
m
per
ing
wh
il
e
the
c
oppe
r
cable
do
s
e, this f
i
ber prop
e
rty
p
re
ve
nting
t
he
drawi
ng
of
t
ran
sm
it
t
ed
sig
nal. T
he non
-
li
near
behavio
r
of opti
cal
f
ibe
r
is
it
s
m
ajo
r
we
akn
e
ss
[11
-
2
0].
T
his
no
nlinea
rity
is
a
dire
ct
ly
pro
p
o
r
ti
on
al
with
the
power
of
the
sig
nal
bee
n
transm
itted
th
rou
gh
the
fib
er
op
ti
c.
At
t
he
inc
reasi
ng
of
the
li
ght
powe
r,
the
nonlinea
rity
be
hav
i
or
is
bec
om
ing
out
of
co
ntr
ol
and
the
pr
ob
a
bili
ty
of
both
disto
rtin
g
the
t
ransm
i
tt
ed
sign
al
a
nd
degradi
ng
the
syst
em
eff
ic
ie
ncy
m
ay
be
raised
[
21
-
22]
.
The
re
is
al
s
o
a
highe
r
c
han
c
e
of
a
si
gn
al
i
nt
erf
ere
nce
a
s
a
resu
lt
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
32
5
3
-
32
6
0
3254
of
the
non
-
li
ne
arit
y.
Wh
e
n
th
ese
sign
al
s
are
transm
itted
in
an
equal
ly
sp
aces’
sepa
rate
d
cha
nn
el
s
will
creat
e
w
hat
is
cal
le
d
the
f
our
-
wa
ve
m
ixing
(FW
M
).
Sup
pr
essi
ng
the
F
WM
in
opti
cal
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
is
im
pr
ovi
ng
the
syst
em
eff
ic
ie
ncy,
w
hic
h
is
a
hi
gh
pri
or
it
y
go
al
.
Seve
r
al
te
chn
i
qu
es
been
do
ne
t
o
achieve
an
ef
f
ect
ive
reducti
on
of
F
W
M.
Wa
veleng
t
h
s
wep
t
WD
M,
the
al
loc
at
ion
of
pola
rizat
ion
an
d
ef
fecti
ve
frequ
e
ncy
,
WD
M/
T
DM
(w
a
velen
gth
/t
im
e
div
isi
on
m
ul
ti
plexing),
and
no
n
-
un
ifor
m
sp
aci
ng
of
cha
nnel
s
war
e
app
li
ed
[
23
-
30
]
.
These
te
ch
ni
qu
es
are
nee
di
ng
a
n
extra
c
om
plexity
in
syst
e
m
desig
n
or
at
le
ast
ne
e
ding
a
com
pen
sat
or
to
i
m
pr
ove
the
sign
al
dis
persi
on.
S
om
e
of
these
te
chn
i
qu
es
are
ne
gativel
y
eff
ect
in
g
the
WDM
capaci
ty
in or
de
r
to
co
m
pr
ess
the F
WM.
The
m
od
ulati
on
te
ch
nique
use
d
is
infl
uenci
ng
t
he
sig
nal’s
interfe
ren
ce
,
wh
ic
h
is
occ
urrin
g
w
he
n
F
W
M
is
us
ed
.
The
transm
is
sio
n
of
au
dio
sign
al
via
opti
cal
fiber
unde
r
the
non
-
li
ne
ar
co
nduct
is
no
t
ye
t
inv
e
sti
gate
d
.
T
he
goal
of
this
pap
e
r
is
to
stu
dy
the
tran
sm
i
ssion
of
a
udio
sign
al
via
fibe
r
op
ti
c
at
a
non
-
li
near
sta
te
and
dif
fere
nt
m
od
ulati
on
sign
al
s
t
o
fin
d
the
best
one
f
or
sa
ti
sfied
sys
tem
per
f
or
m
ance.
F
or
t
his
pu
r
po
s
e,
a
syst
e
m
to
si
m
ul
ta
neo
usl
y
transm
it
t
ing
a
nd
recei
ving
an
aud
i
o
sig
nal
vi
a
a
fiber
opti
c
cable
at
it
s
non
-
li
near
beh
a
vior
is
des
ign
e
d
an
d
im
ple
m
ented
us
i
ng
the
MATL
AB
and
O
ptiSy
ste
m
si
m
ulatio
n
m
od
el
.
The
pr
opos
e
d
syst
e
m
p
erform
ance is test
ed
for
dif
fer
e
nt ty
pes of
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nals to g
et
the b
e
st o
ne.
2.
MO
DELIN
G
OFA
UDIO
SI
GNAL A
N
D
S
IMU
L
ATIO
N
SYSTE
M DE
SIGN
The
syst
em
that
desig
ned
f
or
this
w
ork
is
highli
gh
te
d
in
this
sect
ion
.
It
is
si
m
ula
te
d
us
i
ng
MATLA
B
integrate
d
with
O
ptiSy
stem
TM
.
Th
e
sim
ulated
syst
em
of
th
is
wor
k
was
de
sign
e
d
a
nd
st
ud
ie
d
in
th
ree
ste
ps
.
The
fi
rst
is
des
ign
in
g
a
nd
im
plem
enting
the
new
a
udio
c
om
m
un
ic
at
ion
s
ign
al
in
MA
T
LAB
an
d
inte
grat
ed
it
into
the
O
ptiS
yst
e
m
TM
.
The
aud
i
o
sig
nal
of
the
p
a
ram
et
e
rs
show
n
in
T
able
1
the
n
sim
ula
te
d
with
the
fibe
r
li
nk
as
a
s
eco
nd
ste
p.
The
thi
rd
ste
p
is
to
st
ud
y
t
he
pe
rform
ance
of
t
he
opti
cal
sign
al
unde
r
t
wo
tra
nsm
issi
on
le
ng
th
s
(
100
km
and
75
km
)
for
di
ff
e
ren
t
pulse
sh
a
pes
m
odulati
on
sig
na
ls
su
ch
a
s
N
on
-
Re
t
urn
-
Ze
ro
(N
RZ
),
Re
turn
-
Ze
ro
(
RZ)
an
d
RC
(
Ra
ise
d
Cosine
)
.
The
desig
n
of
the
transm
it
te
r
and
receiver
of
the
m
od
el
is
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ures
1
a
nd
2
.
The
tran
sm
i
tt
e
r
par
t
co
ns
ist
s
of
an
ar
ray
of
a
con
ti
nu
ou
s
-
wa
ve
(C
W)
pro
duced
by
la
ser
source
s
connecte
d
to
a
n
e
xte
r
nal
m
od
ulato
r.
T
he
c
hannel
fr
e
quen
cy
is
set
to
19
3
THz.
T
he
exter
nal
m
od
ul
at
or
is
consi
sti
ng
of
a
Pseu
do
–
Ra
nd
om
B
it
Sequ
en
ce
(P
RB
S)
ge
ne
rator
c
onnect
ed
to
a
pu
lse
ge
ner
at
or
to
m
od
ulate
the
opti
cal
sig
nals
usi
ng
di
fferent
pu
lse
sh
a
pes
(N
RZ
,
RZ
,
an
d
RC
)
m
od
ulati
on
si
gnal
s
wh
ic
h
is
c
onne
ct
ed
to
Ma
ch
-
Zeh
nder
m
od
ulat
or
(MZM
)
act
in
g
as
an
i
nten
sit
y
m
od
ulator
.
A
sin
gle
m
od
e
fib
er
is
us
ed
as
an op
ti
cal
li
nk.
At
the
recei
ver,
the
de
-
m
ulti
plexer
sp
li
ts
the
colle
ct
ed
f
re
quencies.
The
P
I
N
photo
diode
is
detect
ing
th
e
sig
nal
with
a
res
pons
ively
(
)
of
0.8
A/
W
a
nd
a
da
rk
c
urren
t
of
10
nA.
T
he
si
gn
al
i
s
then
passe
d
t
hro
ugh
the
lo
w
-
pass
Be
ssel
filt
er,
wh
ic
h
is
al
s
o
li
nk
ed
,
to
the
BER
analy
zer
that
is
us
e
d
t
o
gen
e
rate
the
gr
a
ph.
The
syst
em
'
s
par
ts
(t
ran
sm
itter,
opti
cal
c
han
nel
a
nd
rec
ei
ver
)
a
re
sho
wn
i
n
F
ig
ur
es
1
an
d
2,
an
d
it
i
s
par
am
et
ers
are
exp
la
ine
d
i
n
T
able 2.
Figure
1.
F
ull ci
rcu
it
d
ia
gr
am
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Trans
mitt
ing
audi
o
vi
a f
iber
opti
cs un
der nonli
near eff
ect
s
and o
ptimized
… (
Abdulrasul
A.
Al
-
H
ay
der)
3255
Figure
2.
O
ptica
l sim
ulati
on
s
yst
e
m
d
esi
gn
Table
1.
A
ud
i
o si
gnal
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em
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ara
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et
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eter
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g
th
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ectiv
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ea,
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ord
er
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scep
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ility,
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s
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ractive ind
ex
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n
-
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eed o
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m
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m
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erature,
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er
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ad
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esis
to
r,
RL
1030
Schrö
dinger
E
qu
at
io
n
(NLSE
)
is
use
d
t
o
e
xpla
in
the
e
nv
el
ope o
f
t
he
op
ti
c
al
fiel
d
w
he
n
t
he
nonlinea
r
eff
ect
s a
re i
n
t
he fo
rm
that is give
n by the
f
ol
lowing e
qu
at
i
on [1
2],
23
2
1
2
3
23
,
,
,
,
1
(
,
)
(
,
)
(
,
)
.
2
2
6
A
z
t
A
z
t
A
z
t
A
z
t
j
A
z
t
B
B
B
j
A
z
t
A
z
t
z
t
t
t
(1)
w
he
re
A, is t
he
w
a
ve
-
field e
nvel
ope, α is
the
f
ibe
r
lo
ss
factor, B1
, B
2,
a
nd
B3
a
re th
e
d
is
per
si
on f
act
or
s
and
is t
he nonli
nea
r
c
on
sta
nt
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
32
5
3
-
32
6
0
3256
To
asse
ss
the s
yst
e
m
per
form
ance u
nder
the i
m
pact
of
n
onli
near
e
ff
e
ct
,
w
hi
ch
is
the F
WM
cro
sstal
k,
and w
it
h ot
her
no
ise
ty
pes,
we
shou
l
d
a
dd the
F
W
M
cr
os
sta
lk e
xpressi
on
s
a
s in (2),
III
s
iik
I
s
ijk
m
IM
P
P
P
P
C
4
1
8
1
)
(
(
2
)
w
he
re
)
(
m
IM
C
is
the
FWM
cro
s
sta
lk
eff
ect
ive
in
int
ensity
m
od
ulati
on
-
direct
dete
ct
ion
(I
M
-
D
D)
transm
issi
on
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
pro
bab
il
it
y
of
transm
it
bit
“
1”
at
any
ti
m
e
for
e
ver
y
use
r
is
1
2
⁄
.
E
quat
io
n
(
3)
e
xpla
inin
g
the r
el
at
io
nship
betwee
n
the
sh
ot
noise
pow
er (
t
he
le
ft si
de
)
a
nd the t
her
m
al
n
oise
po
wer
(the rig
ht side
) [31]
:
L
n
b
sr
R
B
T
K
N
W
P
eB
4
2
(
3
)
wh
e
re,
Ps
r
is
a
r
ecei
ve
d
pe
ak
powe
r
of
the
sig
nal
li
gh
t,
B
el
ect
ric
al
ba
ndwidt
h
of
the
receiv
e
r,
is
the
detect
or
re
sp
onsi
vity
,
e
is
the
Ele
ct
ron
’
s
charge,
K
b
Bolt
z
m
ann
’s
c
on
sta
nt,
T
n
A
bs
ol
ute
recei
ve
r
noise
tem
per
at
ur
e
, R
L Rece
iver
loa
d resist
or. T
he a
v
era
ge SNR
(
4) is cal
culat
ed
f
r
om
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
[
31
]
:
IM
s
L
n
b
sr
sr
C
P
K
R
B
T
K
N
W
P
eB
N
W
P
S
N
R
2
2
2
2
4
(
4
)
The
n
BER
is c
al
culat
ed
in
(5)
,
,
8
2
1
SN
R
e
r
f
c
P
B
E
R
e
(5)
a
nd
(
6) is to
f
i
nd the
Q
-
facto
r
,
2
2
1
Q
e
r
f
c
B
E
R
(6)
3.
RESU
LT
S
AND A
N
ALYSIS
This
sect
ion
is
sh
owin
g
the
f
ind
in
g
of
this
work
with
ana
ly
sis.
The
fo
ll
ow
i
ng
re
su
lt
s
are
ob
ta
i
ned
from
the
si
m
ulate
d
syst
e
m
us
ing
t
ran
sm
issio
n
distance
s
of
10
0
km
and
75
km
fiber
l
eng
t
h
f
or
3
-
pulse
'
s
sh
a
pes NRZ, R
Z
,
a
nd RC
for
each
distance:
3.1.
Results
of
proposed
s
ys
tem
design
usin
g 1
00 km fiber
le
ng
t
h
3.1.1.
Receive
d
p
ower
ver
su
s Q
-
f
actor
The
relat
ion
s
hi
p
bet
ween
th
e
Re
cei
ved
po
wer
a
nd
Q
-
fac
tor
unde
r
the
eff
ect
of
nonli
near
it
y
f
or
diff
e
re
nt
pulse
sh
a
ping
is
sho
wn
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
3.
The
op
ti
cal
input
po
wer
is
sta
rted
at
-
20
dBm
and
in
crea
sed
by
a
ste
p
of
1
dBm
ti
ll
-
12
dBm
as
a
final
inp
ut
powe
r.
The
obta
ine
d
r
esults
are
sh
owin
g
that
the
Q
-
facto
r
is
increase
d
f
or
the
in
creasi
ng
in
t
he
recei
ve
d
po
wer
f
or
a
ll
sh
apes
of
pu
lse
s,
howe
ve
r
the
syst
em
'
s
beh
avi
or
is
diff
ere
nt
for
diff
er
ent
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nals
under
a
nonli
near
ef
fect.
T
he
best
value
of
Q
-
fact
or
12
was
ob
ta
ine
d
wh
e
n
NRZ
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nal
is
use
d
at
a
recei
ved
powe
r
of
(
-
35
dBm
).
In
the
case
of
the
RC
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nal,
Q
-
fact
or
i
s
a
m
ini
m
u
m
(o
nly
in
the
ra
nge
of
8)
at
the
sa
m
e
received
power
(
-
35
dBm
).
Fo
r
RZ
pu
lse
s,
the
Q
-
facto
r
i
s
10
wh
ic
h
is
in
bet
ween
the
two
pre
vious
values
un
der
t
he
sam
e
condi
ti
on
s.
This m
eans th
a
t t
he
NRZ
g
i
ve
s a
high r
e
sist
ance to
the
no
nlinear e
ff
ect
i
n com
par
ing wit
h othe
r
tw
o
ty
pe
s.
3.1.2. E
ye
dia
gram per
fo
r
m
an
ce
Figure
4
is
sho
wing
the
ey
e
diagr
am
s
per
for
m
ances
of
the
pro
po
se
d
syst
em
's
app
r
oach
t
aken
at
ch
1
at
Pin
=
-
14
dBm
.
It
is
cl
ear
that
us
in
g
NR
Z
pu
lse
s
,
show
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
4(
a)
,
is
ha
ving
wi
der
ey
e
openi
ng
w
hich
m
eans
a
bette
r
perf
or
m
ance
an
d
a
higher
i
nvuln
e
ra
bili
ty
to
noise
c
om
par
in
g
to
t
he
oth
er
t
wo
m
od
ul
at
in
g
sign
al
s a
s s
hown
in
Fig
ur
es
4
(
b) for
RZ a
nd
4
(c
) for RC
m
od
ulati
on
si
gnal
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Trans
mitt
ing
audi
o
vi
a f
iber
opti
cs un
der nonli
near eff
ect
s
and o
ptimized
… (
Abdulrasul
A.
Al
-
H
ay
der)
3257
3.1.3. Si
gnal
outpu
t beh
av
i
or
Oscil
losco
pe
Visu
al
iz
er
is
use
d
to
an
al
yz
e
and
c
om
par
e
the
el
ect
rical
sign
al
s
ou
t
pu
t
f
or
the
10
0
km
fiber
le
ngth
of
3
ty
pes
of
m
odulati
on
sig
nals
(N
RZ
,
RZ
,
an
d
RC
).
Fig
ur
e
5
is
showi
ng
that
the
opti
cal
syst
e
m
us
in
g
NRZ
,
Figure
5(
a)
,
a
s
a
m
od
ulati
on
si
gnal
is
ha
ving
hi
gh
e
r
po
wer
a
m
pl
it
ud
e
tha
n
t
he
on
es
usi
ng
RZ
an
d
RC
,
Figure
5(
b
)
a
nd
5(
c)
.
T
his
m
eans
that
the
sig
nal'
s
po
we
r
is
higher
than
t
he
no
ise
powe
r
an
d
t
his
sh
al
l
m
ake th
e syst
e
m
's o
ut
pu
t at
t
he recei
ve
r
is
m
or
e reli
able a
nd ef
fici
ent.
Figure
3. Q
f
ac
tor ver
su
s
r
ecei
ved P
ow
e
r
at
di
ff
ere
nt
pu
lse
s
hap
e
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
4. Ey
e
diag
ram
per
f
orm
ance of
100 km
leng
th
for
(
a)
NRZ, (b
)
R
Z
,
a
nd (
c
)
RC
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
5. Sig
na
l ou
t
pu
t
us
i
ng
os
ci
ll
os
co
pe vi
su
al
iz
er
of 10
0 km
f
or (
a
) NR
Z, (b
)
RZ
,
an
d (c)
RC
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
10
, No
.
3
,
J
une
2020
:
32
5
3
-
32
6
0
3258
3.2. Res
ults
of pr
oposed
sys
tem d
e
sign
usi
ng
75 km
f
ibe
r
le
ngth
By
lookin
g
to
the
dia
gr
am
s
of
Fi
gures
6,
7,
and
8,
it
is
cl
e
arly
showi
ng
t
hat
the
res
ults
ob
ta
ine
d
f
or
a
75
km
transm
itti
ng
are
havi
ng
the
sam
e
c
on
cl
us
io
n
f
or
the
10
0
km
distance.
Fi
gure
6
is
sh
owin
g
that
NRZ
sign
al
ha
ving
t
he
best
Q
factor
c
om
par
i
ng
t
o
the
RZ
an
d
RC
sign
al
s.
L
ooking
to
F
i
gure
7
is
al
so
showi
ng
the
ey
e
op
eni
ng
for
NRZ
is
wide
r
than
f
or
RZ
and
RC
wh
ic
h
m
eans
that
us
ing
NRZ
a
s
a
m
od
ulati
on
sign
al
is
giv
in
g
the
be
st
per
f
or
m
anc
e
than
us
i
ng
th
e
RZ
and
RC
.
Figure
8
is
givi
ng
the
sam
e
fi
nd
i
ng
that
wa
s
fr
om
F
igure
5,
the
Oscil
losco
pe
Visu
al
iz
er
is
s
howing
th
at
th
e
NRZ
m
od
ul
at
ion
sig
nal
is
giv
in
g
a
highe
r
sig
nal
a
m
plit
ud
e
pow
er to n
oise am
plit
ud
e po
wer t
ha
n
the
o
t
her tw
o
te
sti
ng ty
pes (RZ
a
nd
RC
) m
od
ulati
on
si
gnal
s.
Figure
6. Q
f
ac
tor
versus
r
ecei
ved
p
ower
at d
iffer
e
nt
pu
lse
s
hap
e
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
7. O
ptim
u
m
Eye diagr
am
p
erfor
m
ance of
75 k
m
leng
t
h for
(a)
N
RZ, (
b) RZ
,
a
nd
(c)
Rai
se
d
c
osi
ne
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
8. Sig
na
l ou
t
pu
t
us
i
ng
os
ci
ll
os
co
pe vi
su
al
iz
er
of 75
km
for
(a) NR
Z, (b
)
RZ
,
an
d (c)
Ra
ise
d
c
os
i
ne
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Trans
mitt
ing
audi
o
vi
a f
iber
opti
cs un
der nonli
near eff
ect
s
and o
ptimized
… (
Abdulrasul
A.
Al
-
H
ay
der)
3259
4.
CONC
L
US
I
O
N
The
transm
issi
on
of
au
dio
sig
nal
throu
gh
Opti
cal
fiber
syste
m
was
designe
d
an
d
perfor
m
ed
fo
r
fi
rst
tim
e
us
ing
Co
-
Si
m
ulati
on
of
MATLAB
i
nte
gr
at
e
d
with
O
pt
iSy
stem
14
TM
.
The
syst
em
was
te
ste
d
f
or
dif
f
eren
t
ty
pes
of p
ulse sh
a
pes
(
NRZ,
RZ
,
an
d
RC
)
m
od
ulati
on
si
gnal
s
a
nd
for
d
if
fer
e
nt
dista
nce
s
100km
and
75
k
m
of
fibers
le
ng
t
hs
.
Diff
e
ren
t
pa
r
a
m
et
ers
wer
e
stud
ie
d
an
d
analy
zed
an
d
the
syst
e
m
was
found
to
be
hav
i
ng
the
best
perf
orm
ance
with
N
RZ
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nal
c
om
par
in
g
to
t
he
ot
her
t
wo
(RZ
a
nd
RC
)
f
or
al
l
three
par
am
et
ers
an
d
both
distanc
es.
The
Q
fact
or,
w
hich
is
a
n
ef
fici
ency
in
dicat
or,
is
m
or
e
wh
e
n
NRZ
sign
al
is
us
ed
as
a
m
od
ulati
on
sig
nal
12
f
or
a
-
35
dBm
recei
ved
powe
r
w
hi
le
it
is
10
f
or
RZ
and
8
f
or
RC
at
the
sam
e
powe
r
f
or
a
100
km
of
tra
ns
m
itti
ng
distance.
T
he
ey
e
ope
ning
is
al
so
wide
r
f
or
NRZ
tha
n
t
hat
f
or
RZ
an
d
RC
,
wh
ic
h
m
eans
that
NRZ
m
od
ulati
on
pulse
,
is
m
or
e
resis
ti
ve
to
noise
.
For
a
75
km
fibe
r
transm
itti
ng
distance,
t
he
c
on
cl
us
io
n
has
no
dif
fe
re
nce
tha
n
th
at
f
or
a
10
0
km
distance.
The
ey
e
op
e
ni
ng
i
n
case of
us
in
g NRZ as a m
od
ulati
on
sig
nal is wid
e
r
than us
ing
oth
er t
wo
t
ypes (
RZ
an
d
RC
).
Th
e
Oscil
losco
pe
Visu
al
iz
er
is
s
howing
t
hat
th
e
us
e
of
NRZ
is
ha
ving
m
or
e
confide
nt
tha
n
the
us
e
of
RZ
and
R
C
becaus
e
it
is
hav
i
ng
a
high
er
am
plit
ud
e,
wh
ic
h
m
eans
that
the
ones
a
nd
zer
os
of
th
e
receive
d
sig
nals
c
ou
l
d
be
easi
ly
,
diff
e
re
ntiat
ed
wh
e
n
NRZ
m
odulati
on
sig
na
l
is
us
ed
com
par
i
ng
t
o
the
oth
e
r
tw
o
te
ste
d
m
od
ulati
on
sign
al
s
(RZ
a
nd
RC
).
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
This
w
ork
wa
s
i
m
ple
m
ente
d
in
the
la
bo
rator
ie
s
of
ou
r
Ele
ct
rical
Eng
i
neer
i
ng
De
p
art
m
ent
of
the
Un
i
ver
sit
y
of
Ba
bylo
n/E
nginee
rin
g
Coll
ege.
O
ur
reg
a
r
ds
an
d
than
kfu
l
to
the
sta
ff
,
de
par
tm
ent’s
he
ad
an
d
the co
ll
e
ge dea
n for the
h
el
p
a
nd sup
port.
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20
11.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
As
socia
te
prof
essor
Dr.
Hai
de
r
.
J.
Abd
e
arn
ed
his
Ph.D.
in
th
e
fie
ld
of
Elec
tr
i
ca
l
Engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
unive
rsit
y
of
Te
nag
a
Nasiona
l,
Mal
a
y
sia
,
2
014.
He
has
m
ore
tha
n
t
en
y
ea
rs
of
expe
ri
enc
e
in
te
a
chi
ng.
He
co
m
ple
te
d
his
MS
c,
in
Elec
tr
ical
E
ngine
er
ing,
univ
ersity
of
Baghd
a
d,
Baghda
d
,
Ir
aq
,
2005.
His
r
ese
a
rch
in
te
r
ests
in
cl
udes
o
p
ti
c
al
f
ibe
r
comm
unic
a
ti
on,
W
ire
l
ess
comm
unic
at
ion,
Digit
al
sign
al
pr
oce
ss
ing,
sm
art
s
y
stems
,
Biom
edi
cal
E
ngin
ee
rin
g,
Magle
v
s
y
ste
m
and
Adapti
v
e
cont
rol
s
y
st
em.
Ab
d
ulrasu
l
A.
Al
-
Hay
de
r
earn
ed
his
M
.
sc
in
the
fie
ld
of
E
lect
ric
a
l
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
from
unive
rsit
y
of
te
chnol
og
y
,
Ira
q,
1990.
He
has
m
ore
tha
n
five
y
e
ars
of
expe
rience
in
teac
hin
g.
He
complet
ed
h
is
BS
c
in
El
e
ct
r
ic
a
l
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
unive
rsi
t
y
o
f
t
ec
hnolog
y
,
Bag
hdad,
Ira
q
,
1981
.
His
rese
arc
h
in
t
ere
sts
include
c
om
m
unic
at
ion,
wave
let
tra
nsfor
m
,
el
ectroni
c
s
y
stem
design
and
Quantum c
om
muni
cation
.
Ah
me
d
Samawi
Alkh
afaji
ea
rne
d
his
M.sc
in
t
he
fie
ld
of
El
e
ctrical
and
El
e
ct
ro
nic
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
from
Ea
stern
M
e
dit
err
ane
an
Univ
ersity
,
Turkey
/N
orth
C
y
prus2013.
He
h
as
m
ore
th
an
five y
e
ars
of
expe
ri
ence
in
teac
hing
.
He
completed
his
B
.
Sc
i
n
Elec
tr
ical
Enginee
ring
,
un
ive
rsi
t
y
of
te
chno
log
y,
Baghda
d,
Ira
q
,
2001.
His
rese
arc
h
int
er
ests
includes
power
el
e
ct
roni
cs,
cont
rol
power
sy
stem,
el
e
ct
roni
c
s
y
s
tem
design
and
pr
edi
c
ti
ve
cur
r
ent
cont
rol
m
odel
in
g.
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