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u
n
t
[
1
4
]
.
M
an
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
es
h
a
v
e
ap
p
l
i
ed
w
r
ap
p
er
s
s
el
ect
o
r
,
l
i
k
e
s
t
u
d
y
of
G
h
e
y
a
s
a
n
d S
m
i
t
h
t
h
a
t
pr
opos
e
d a
n
e
w
m
e
t
h
od n
a
m
e
d s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
d a
nn
e
a
l
i
ng
g
e
n
e
r
i
c
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
(
S
A
G
A
)
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
c
or
por
a
t
e
s
e
x
i
s
t
i
ng
w
r
a
ppe
r
m
e
t
h
ods
i
n
t
o a
s
i
n
g
l
e
s
ol
u
t
i
on
[
15]
.
L
D
A
-
b
as
ed
G
en
et
i
c
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
(
L
D
A
-
G
A
)
pr
opos
e
d by
H
u
e
r
t
a
e
t
a
l
i
n
[
16]
;
t
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
od a
ppl
i
e
d t
-
s
ta
ti
s
tic
f
ilte
r
to
r
e
t
a
i
n
a
gr
o
up
o
f
p
t
o
p
r
a
nki
ng
ge
ne
s
,
a
nd
us
e
d
t
he
L
D
A
-
b
as
ed
G
A
.
L
eav
e
-
o
ne
-
o
u
t
c
a
l
c
u
la
tio
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
tia
l
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
el
ect
i
o
n
(
L
O
O
C
S
F
S
)
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
t
h
at
co
m
b
i
n
e t
h
e l
eav
e
-
o
ne
-
o
u
t c
a
lc
u
la
tio
n
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
eq
u
en
t
i
al
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on s
c
h
e
m
e
pr
opos
e
d
by
T
a
n
g e
t
a
l
[
17
]
.
G
e
n
e
t
i
c
A
l
g
or
i
t
hm
-
S
u
ppor
t
V
e
c
t
or
M
ach
i
n
e (
G
A
-
S
V
M
)
cr
eat
es
a p
o
p
u
l
at
i
o
n
o
f
ch
r
o
m
o
s
o
m
e
s
as
b
i
n
ar
y
s
t
r
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
r
ep
r
es
en
t
t
h
e s
u
b
s
et
o
f
f
eat
u
r
es
t
h
a
t
ar
e ev
al
u
a
t
ed
u
s
i
n
g
S
V
M
s
d
ev
e
l
o
p
ed
b
y
P
er
ez
an
d
M
ar
w
al
a i
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e t
h
i
r
d
f
i
el
d
o
f
f
eat
u
r
e
s
el
e
ct
i
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ach
es
i
s
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
I
t
t
a
k
es
ad
v
an
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
o
d
el
s
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
ei
r
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ev
al
u
at
i
o
n
cr
i
t
er
i
a i
n
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
ear
ch
s
t
a
g
es
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
as
e
w
e ca
n
ci
t
e t
h
e
m
o
s
t
w
i
de
l
y
a
ppl
i
e
d e
m
be
dde
d t
e
c
h
ni
qu
e
s
ba
s
ed
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ect
o
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e b
as
ed
o
n
R
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e F
eat
u
r
e
E
li
m
i
n
a
tio
n
(
S
V
M
-
R
F
E
)
f
o
r
g
en
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
an
d
can
cer
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
G
u
y
o
n
et
al
.
i
n
[
2
0
]
.
M
al
d
o
n
ad
o
et
al
.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
ap
p
r
o
ach
cal
l
ed
k
er
n
el
-
p
en
al
i
zed
S
V
M (
K
P
-
S
V
M
)
b
y
i
nt
r
o
d
uc
i
ng
a
pe
n
a
l
t
y
f
a
c
t
or
i
n t
h
e
du
a
l
f
or
m
ul
a
t
i
on of
S
V
M
[
21]
.
M
u
n
dr
a
e
t
a
l
.
hy
br
i
di
z
e
d t
w
o
of
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
popu
l
a
r
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
el
ect
i
o
n
ap
p
r
o
ach
es
:
S
V
M
-
R
F
E
a
nd
m
R
M
R
[
2
2
]
.
C
hua
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
pr
opos
e
d a
hy
br
i
d a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
hy
br
i
di
z
e
co
r
r
el
at
i
o
n
b
as
ed
f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
(
C
F
S
)
an
d
T
a
guc
hi
-
G
en
et
i
c
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
(
T
G
A
)
an
d
u
s
ed
K
N
N
as
t
h
e
cl
as
s
i
f
i
er
w
i
t
h
t
h
e l
ea
v
e
-
o
ne
-
ou
t
c
r
os
s
-
v
a
l
i
da
t
i
on
(
L
O
O
C
V
)
[
23]
.
L
e
e
a
n
d
L
i
u
[
24]
pr
o
pos
e
d a
n
a
ppr
oa
c
h
cal
l
ed
G
en
et
i
c A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
D
y
n
a
m
i
c P
ar
am
e
t
er
(
G
A
D
P
)
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
ev
er
y
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e s
u
b
s
e
t
o
f
g
en
es
a
n
d
r
a
nk
t
he
ge
ne
s
us
i
n
g t
he
i
r
o
c
c
ur
r
e
n
c
e
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
at
t
e
m
p
t
s
t
o
p
r
es
en
t
a r
ev
i
e
w
o
f
w
i
d
el
y
u
s
ed
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
el
ect
i
o
n
t
ech
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
cu
s
i
n
g
o
n
can
cer
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
o
t
h
er
t
as
k
s
r
el
at
ed
t
o
m
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
d
at
a an
al
y
s
i
s
al
s
o
h
av
e b
ee
n
r
ev
eal
ed
s
u
c
h
as
m
i
s
s
i
n
g
v
al
u
es
,
n
o
r
m
al
i
zat
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
i
s
cr
et
i
s
at
i
o
n
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
ods
w
e
r
e
di
s
c
us
s
e
d.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
f
i
v
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
i
l
t
e
r
a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
:
R
a
n
do
m
f
or
e
s
t
,
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
ga
i
n
a
nd
c
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
ed
o
n
t
h
r
e
e
can
cer
d
at
as
et
s
;
a
n
d
ev
al
u
a
t
ed
t
h
ei
r
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
r
ee
cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
:
S
OM
,
KNN,
K
-
m
e
a
ns
a
nd
R
a
nd
o
m
F
o
r
e
s
t
.
2.
M
ETH
O
D
A
N
D
M
A
TER
I
A
LS
2.
1.
G
en
era
l
B
a
ch
g
ro
u
n
d
A
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
g
en
e
ex
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
d
at
a i
s
p
r
i
m
ar
i
l
y
b
as
ed
o
n
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
g
e
n
e e
x
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
p
r
o
f
i
l
es
.
T
o
d
o
t
h
es
e,
w
e
n
eed
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
o
q
u
an
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
l
ar
i
t
y
b
et
w
ee
n
g
en
e
s
i
n
ex
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
p
r
o
f
i
l
es
.
A
v
ar
i
et
y
o
f
d
is
ta
n
c
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
c
o
m
p
u
te
s
i
m
i
la
r
it
y
.
I
n
th
is
s
e
c
tio
n
,
a
d
e
s
c
r
ip
tio
n
o
f
m
o
s
t
m
e
tr
ic
s
u
s
e
d
i
s
d
i
s
c
u
s
se
d
.
T
h
e
g
en
e
ex
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
m
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t
s
i
s
u
s
u
al
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
l
ar
g
e
m
at
r
i
ces
(
+
1
)
×
o
f
e
xp
r
e
s
s
i
o
n l
e
ve
l
s
o
f
ge
ne
s
1
,
2
,
…
,
u
n
d
e
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
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t e
x
p
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r
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m
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n
ta
l
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n
d
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n
s
1
,
2
,
…
a
nd
th
e
la
s
t r
o
w
c
o
n
ta
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n
s
t
h
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el
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f
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h
s
a
m
p
l
e,
t
h
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r
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∈
{
−
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.
E
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m
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[
,
]
,
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r
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t
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s
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f
t
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ge
ne
i
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he
s
a
m
p
l
e
(
s
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ab
l
e 1
)
.
T
h
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
i
on
pr
of
i
l
e
of
a g
en
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ca
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b
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r
:
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ce
m
eas
u
r
e t
h
at
co
m
p
ar
es
g
e
n
es
w
h
o
s
e
p
r
o
f
i
l
es
ar
e
d
i
s
cr
et
e.
I
t
can
b
e
cal
cu
l
at
ed
u
s
i
n
g
S
h
a
n
n
o
n
ʼ
s
en
t
r
o
p
y
.
I
t
h
a
s
b
een
u
s
ed
t
o
m
eas
u
r
e
t
h
e
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
b
e
t
w
ee
n
t
w
o
r
an
d
o
m
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
ba
s
e
d on
t
h
e
pr
oba
bi
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
.
F
or
t
w
o g
e
n
e
s
1
a
nd
2
,
t
he
m
ut
ua
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n b
e
t
w
e
e
n t
he
m
e
,
(
1
,
2
)
,
can
b
e cal
cu
l
at
ed
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
:
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
:
(
1
,
2
)
,
=
(
1
)
−
(
1
|
2
)
=
(
2
)
−
(
2
|
1
)
=
(
1
)
+
(
2
)
−
(
1
,
2
)
(3
)
w
h
er
e:
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
ar
e
t
h
e
S
h
an
n
o
n
ʼ
s
en
t
r
o
p
i
es
,
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
f
o
l
l
o
w
:
(
1
)
=
−
∑
(
1
)
×
l
og
2
(
1
)
=
1
(
1
,
2
)
is
th
e
j
o
in
t e
n
tr
o
p
y
o
f
t
h
e
1
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2
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f
in
e
d
a
s
f
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w
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1
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g
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.
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t
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cu
l
at
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as
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w
:
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2
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1
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2
×
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og
2
(
2
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N
o
te
d
th
a
t
(
1
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r
ep
r
es
en
t
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
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m
a
s
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
,
i
t
can
b
e cal
cu
l
at
ed
,
w
h
e
n
g
e
n
e
1
i
s
d
i
s
cr
et
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as
f
o
llo
w
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p
(
1
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=
n
u
m
b
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r
o
f
i
n
s
t
a
n
t
s
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t
h
va
lu
e
1
to
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l
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m
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o
f
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n
s
t
a
n
t
s
(
n
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a
nd
1
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2
is
th
e
j
o
in
t p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
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m
a
s
s
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
e
n
e
1
a
nd
2
2.2.
F
ea
t
u
re
S
el
ect
i
o
n
T
h
e g
o
al
o
f
t
h
e f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
i
s
t
o
s
el
ect
t
h
e s
m
al
l
e
s
t
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
b
y
s
co
r
i
n
g
al
l
f
eat
u
r
es
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
a t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
t
o
r
e
m
o
v
e f
eat
u
r
es
b
el
o
w
t
h
e t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
.
T
h
i
s
p
r
o
ces
s
m
a
k
es
a cl
a
s
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
i
m
p
l
er
t
o
i
n
t
er
p
r
et
an
d
r
ed
u
c
es
t
h
e t
i
m
e
f
o
r
t
r
ai
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
.
M
at
h
e
m
at
i
cl
y
,
f
o
r
a f
ea
t
u
r
e s
et
co
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
a
l
l
ge
ne
s
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
,
t
h
e f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
p
r
o
ces
s
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
es
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
f
eat
u
r
es
S
f
wi
t
h
di
m
e
ns
i
on
k
wh
e
r
e
k
≤
n
,
a
nd
S
f
⊆
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
f
i
v
e f
eat
u
r
es
s
el
ect
o
r
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
w
er
e d
es
cu
s
s
ed
,
i
n
cl
u
d
es
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
i
o
n
g
ai
n
,
m
R
M
R
,
l
i
n
ear
c
o
r
r
e
la
tio
n
a
nd
c
hi
-
s
qu
a
r
e
d.
T
h
e
c
h
oi
c
e
of
f
i
l
t
e
r
m
e
t
h
od i
ns
t
e
a
d of
a
w
r
ap
p
er
o
n
e d
u
e t
o
t
h
e h
u
g
e
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
a
l
co
s
t
s
w
h
en
u
s
e
s
w
r
ap
p
er
s
m
e
t
h
ods
[2
]
.
I
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
ga
i
n (
I
G
)
:
It
i
s
a
f
i
l
t
e
r
m
e
t
ho
d
t
ha
t
r
a
nk
s
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
hi
gh
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n ga
i
n
en
t
r
o
p
y
i
n
d
ecr
eas
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
.
I
t
r
an
k
s
f
eat
u
r
es
b
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
ei
r
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e cl
a
s
s
la
b
e
l u
s
in
g
e
q
u
a
tio
n
3
.
S
im
p
lic
it
y
a
n
d
lo
w
c
o
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
a
l
c
o
s
ts
a
r
e
th
e
m
a
i
n
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
s
of
t
h
i
s
m
e
t
h
od.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
t
ak
e
i
n
t
o
co
n
s
i
d
er
at
i
o
n
t
h
e d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
eat
u
r
es
;
r
at
h
er
,
i
t
as
s
u
m
e
s
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
t
h
e
cas
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
l
ect
ed
f
eat
u
r
es
m
a
y
car
r
y
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
C
hi
-
s
q
ua
r
e
d
(
ℎ
2
)
: is
a
s
ta
tis
tic
a
l
te
s
t to
d
e
te
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
w
o
e
v
e
n
ts
,
it c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
z
e
b
y
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t
s
i
m
p
l
i
ci
t
y
t
o
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
(
I
n
f
eat
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r
e s
el
ec
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e t
w
o
e
v
e
n
t
s
ar
e o
ccu
r
r
en
ce o
f
t
h
e
f
eat
u
r
e an
d
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e cl
a
s
s
)
.
T
h
e p
r
o
ces
s
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
cal
c
u
l
at
i
o
n
of
Ch
i
2
b
et
w
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ev
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y
f
eat
u
r
e v
ar
i
ab
l
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g
f
i
an
d
t
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l
ab
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Y
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I
f
Y
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de
pe
n
de
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f
i
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t
h
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s
f
eat
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e d
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I
f
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e d
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en
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t
h
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s
f
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ar
i
ab
l
e
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t in
to
tr
a
in
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
in
itia
l
h
y
p
o
t
h
e
s
i
s
0
i
s t
h
e
a
s
s
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m
p
tio
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th
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t th
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t
w
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a
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u
n
c
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e
la
te
d
,
a
n
d
it is
te
s
te
d
b
y
ℎ
2
f
o
r
m
u
la
a
s
f
o
llo
w
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t
J
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l
e
c
&
C
o
m
p
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I
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S
N
:
2088
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E
f
f
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(
Hi
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3197
ℎ
2
=
∑
∑
(
−
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2
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=
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(4
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w
h
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s
t
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2
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w
i
t
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t
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a
s
s
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t
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s
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o
u
l
d
b
e
s
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ect
ed
f
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L
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(
C
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(
w
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kno
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s
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m
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l
ar
i
t
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m
eas
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r
e b
et
w
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t
w
o
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
i
ab
l
es
)
I
t
can
b
e cal
cu
l
at
ed
u
s
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g
P
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o
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co
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r
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at
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(
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s
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d
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n 2
.
T
he
r
e
s
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t
i
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l
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i
s
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n
[
−
1
;
1
]
,
wi
t
h
-
1
m
ea
n
i
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g
p
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f
ect
n
e
g
a
ti
v
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at
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b
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w
ee
n
t
h
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w
o
v
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i
ab
l
es
[2
8
].
m
i
n
i
m
um
R
e
dun
da
n
c
y
-
M
a
xi
m
u
m
R
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y (
m
R
M
R
)
:
T
h
e m
R
M
R
f
i
l
t
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m
et
h
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s
g
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e h
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u
n
d
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t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e t
ar
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et
cl
as
s
[
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
m
R
M
R
o
f
g
en
e
s
ar
e b
as
ed
o
n
m
u
t
u
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f
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m
at
i
o
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u
s
i
n
g
eq
u
at
i
o
n
3
.
T
h
e M
ax
i
m
u
m
R
el
ev
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m
et
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o
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s
el
ect
s
t
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e cl
as
s
l
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s
f
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m
t
h
e d
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t
ar
r
an
g
ed
s
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f
(
,
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,
e
q
ua
t
i
o
n 5
.
M
i
ni
m
u
m
R
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d
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nd
a
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c
r
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t
e
r
i
o
n
i
s
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nt
r
o
d
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e
d
b
y [
1
4
]
i
n o
r
d
e
r
t
o
r
e
m
o
ve
t
he
r
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[
41]
-
[4
3
].
2.
4.
D
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s
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I
n
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t
s
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a
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f
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/
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l
e
uk
e
m
i
a
pr
opos
e
d by
G
ol
u
b e
t
a
l
i
n
1999 [
3]
;
t
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e
s
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t
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t
a
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s
7129 g
e
n
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d 72
sa
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R
EF
ER
EN
C
ES
[
1]
D
.
D
ev
ar
aj
,
B
.
Y
e
g
n
an
ar
a
y
an
a,
a
n
d
K
.
R
am
ar
,
“
R
a
di
a
l
ba
s
i
s
f
unc
t
i
on ne
t
w
or
k
s
f
or
f
a
s
t
c
ont
i
ng
e
nc
y
r
a
nk
i
ng
,
”
I
nt
.
J
.
E
l
e
c
t
r
.
P
o
w
e
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
S
y
s
t
., v
o
l
. 2
4
, p
p
.
3
8
7
–
39
3,
J
un
.
2
00
2.
[
2]
[
S
.
D
u
doi
t
,
J
.
F
r
i
dl
y
a
nd,
a
n
d T
.
P
.
S
pe
e
d,
“
C
om
pa
r
i
s
on of
D
i
s
c
r
i
m
i
na
t
i
o
n M
e
t
h
ods
f
or
t
he
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
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um
or
s
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n
g
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e
n
e
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
D
a
t
a
,”
J
. A
m
. S
t
a
t
. A
s
s
o
c
., v
o
l
. 9
7
,
n
o
. 4
5
7
, p
p
. 7
7
–
8
7,
M
a
r
.
20
0
2.
[
3]
T
.
R
.
G
o
l
u
b
et
al
.
,
“M
o
l
ecu
l
ar
C
l
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
o
f
C
an
cer
:
C
l
as
s
D
i
s
co
v
er
y
an
d
C
l
as
s
P
r
ed
i
ct
i
o
n
b
y
G
en
e E
x
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
M
oni
t
or
i
ng
,
”
S
c
i
e
nc
e
,
v
ol
.
28
6,
n
o.
5
43
9,
pp
.
5
31
–
53
7,
O
c
t
.
1
9
99.
[
4]
L
.
L
i
,
C
.
R
.
W
ei
n
b
er
g
,
T
.
A
.
D
ar
d
en
,
a
n
d
L
.
G
.
P
ed
er
s
en
,
“G
en
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
f
o
r
s
am
p
l
e cl
as
s
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
b
as
ed
o
n
g
en
e
e
x
pr
e
s
s
i
on da
t
a
:
s
t
udy
of
s
e
ns
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
t
o c
hoi
c
e
of
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
of
t
he
G
A
/
K
N
N
m
e
t
hod,
”
B
i
oi
nf
or
m
a
.
O
xf
.
E
ng
l
.
,
v
ol
.
17,
no
.
1
2,
pp
.
1
13
1
–
1
14
2,
D
e
c
.
20
0
1.
[
5]
A
.
N
ar
a
y
an
an
,
E
.
C
.
K
eed
w
el
l
,
J
.
G
a
m
al
i
el
s
s
o
n
,
an
d
S
.
T
at
i
n
en
i
,
“S
i
n
g
l
e
-
l
ay
er
A
r
t
i
f
i
ci
al
N
eu
r
al
N
et
w
o
r
k
s
f
o
r
G
en
e
E
x
pr
e
s
s
i
on A
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
N
e
ur
oc
om
put
.
,
v
ol
.
6
1,
no.
C
,
pp.
21
7
–
24
0,
O
c
t
.
20
04.
[
6]
A.
Ar
a
u
z
o
-
A
zo
f
r
a,
J
.
L
.
A
zn
ar
t
e
,
an
d
J
.
M
.
B
en
í
t
ez,
“E
m
p
i
r
i
cal
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
F
eat
u
r
e S
el
ect
i
o
n
M
et
h
o
d
s
B
as
ed
o
n
I
ndi
v
i
d
ua
l
F
e
a
t
ur
e
E
v
a
l
ua
t
i
on f
or
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on P
r
ob
l
e
m
s
,
”
E
x
pe
r
t
S
y
s
t
A
ppl
,
v
ol
.
38
,
n
o.
7,
pp.
8
170
–
8
17
7,
J
ul
.
201
1.
[
7]
A
.
L
.
B
l
u
m
an
d
P
.
L
an
g
l
e
y
,
“S
el
ect
i
o
n
o
f
r
el
ev
an
t
f
eat
u
r
es
an
d
ex
a
m
p
l
es
i
n
m
ach
i
n
e l
ear
n
i
n
g
,
” A
r
t
i
f
.
I
n
t
el
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
97,
no
.
1
,
p
p.
24
5
–
27
1,
D
e
c
.
19
97
.
[
8]
C
.
D
i
n
g
an
d
H
.
P
en
g
,
“M
i
n
i
m
u
m
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
m
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
g
en
e ex
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
d
at
a,
” J
.
B
io
in
f
or
m
.
C
om
put
.
B
i
o
l
.
,
v
ol
.
3
,
no.
2,
pp
.
1
85
–
20
5,
A
p
r
.
20
05
.
[
9]
I
.
G
u
y
on a
nd A
.
E
l
i
s
s
e
e
f
f
,
“
A
n I
nt
r
o
duc
t
i
on t
o V
a
r
i
a
bl
e
a
nd F
e
a
t
ur
e
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
on,
”
J
.
M
a
c
h.
L
e
a
r
n.
R
e
s
.
,
v
ol
.
3,
n
o
.
M
a
r
,
p
p.
11
57
–
11
82
,
20
03
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3203
3202
[
1
0]
R
. R
u
i
z
, J
. R
i
q
u
e
l
m
e
, J
. A
g
u
i
l
a
r
-
R
u
i
z,
an
d
M
.
G
ar
ci
a T
o
r
r
es
,
“F
as
t
f
e
at
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
ai
m
ed
at
h
i
g
h
–
di
m
e
ns
i
ona
l
d
at
a v
i
a h
y
b
r
i
d
–
s
eq
u
en
t
i
al
–
r
a
nk
e
d s
e
a
r
c
he
s
,
”
E
x
pe
r
t
S
y
s
t
.
A
ppl
.
,
v
ol
.
39,
p
p.
11
09
4
–
11
10
2,
S
e
p.
20
12.
[
1
1]
A
.
S
ha
r
m
a
,
S
.
I
m
ot
o,
a
nd
S
.
M
i
y
a
no,
“
A
t
op
-
r
f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
f
o
r
m
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
g
en
e e
x
p
r
es
s
i
on da
t
a
,
”
I
E
E
E
/
A
C
M
T
r
a
ns
.
C
om
put
.
B
i
ol
.
B
i
oi
nf
or
m
.
,
v
ol
.
9,
no.
3,
p
p.
75
4
–
76
4,
J
un
.
2
01
2.
[
1
2]
Z
.
W
an
g
,
V
.
P
al
ad
e,
an
d
Y
.
X
u
,
“N
eu
r
o
-
F
u
zzy
E
n
s
e
m
b
l
e
A
p
p
r
o
ach
f
o
r
M
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
C
an
cer
G
en
e
E
x
p
r
es
s
i
o
n
D
at
a
A
na
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
i
n 2
00
6 I
n
t
e
r
na
t
i
o
na
l
S
y
m
pos
i
u
m
on E
v
ol
v
i
ng
F
uz
z
y
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
200
6,
pp.
2
41
–
2
46.
[
1
3]
K
.
K
i
r
a an
d
L
.
A
.
R
en
d
el
l
,
“A
P
r
act
i
cal
A
p
p
r
o
ach
t
o
F
eat
u
r
e S
el
e
ct
i
o
n
,
” i
n
P
r
o
ceed
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e N
i
n
t
h
I
n
t
er
n
at
i
o
n
a
l
W
or
k
s
hop o
n M
a
c
hi
ne
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
,
S
a
n F
r
a
nc
i
s
c
o,
C
A
,
U
S
A
,
1992
,
p
p.
2
49
–
25
6.
[
1
4]
R
.
K
oha
v
i
a
nd G
.
H
.
J
ohn,
“
W
r
a
ppe
r
s
f
o
r
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
ubs
e
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on,
”
A
r
t
i
f
.
I
nt
e
l
l
.
,
v
ol
.
97,
no
.
1,
pp.
273
–
32
4,
D
e
c
.
199
7.
[
1
5]
I
.
G
he
y
a
s
a
nd L
.
S
m
i
t
h,
“
F
e
a
t
ur
e
s
ubs
e
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
i
n l
a
r
g
e
di
m
e
ns
i
ona
l
i
t
y
dom
a
i
ns
,
”
P
a
t
t
e
r
n R
e
c
og
n
i
t
.
,
v
ol
.
4
3,
p
p
.
5
–
1
3,
J
a
n.
2
01
0.
[
1
6]
E
. B
. H
u
e
r
t
a
, B
. D
u
v
a
l
, a
n
d
J
.
-
K.
Ha
o
,
“G
en
e S
el
ect
i
o
n
f
o
r
M
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
D
at
a b
y
a
L
D
A
-
B
a
s
ed
G
en
et
i
c A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
,
”
i
n
P
a
t
t
e
r
n
R
e
c
og
ni
t
i
on i
n B
i
oi
nf
or
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
200
8,
pp.
2
50
–
2
61.
[
1
7]
E
.
K
.
T
a
ng
,
P
.
S
ug
a
nt
ha
n,
a
nd
X
.
Y
a
o,
“
G
e
ne
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on a
l
g
or
i
t
hm
s
f
or
m
i
c
r
oa
r
r
a
y
da
t
a
ba
s
e
d
on l
e
a
s
t
s
q
ua
r
e
s
s
upp
or
t
v
e
c
t
or
m
a
c
hi
ne
,
”
B
M
C
B
i
oi
nf
or
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
ol
.
7,
p.
95,
F
e
b.
2
006
.
[
1
8]
M
.
P
er
ez an
d
T
.
M
ar
w
al
a,
“M
i
cr
o
ar
r
a
y
d
at
a f
eat
u
r
e s
el
ect
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
g
en
et
i
c al
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
s
i
m
u
l
at
ed
an
n
eal
i
n
g
,
”
i
n 2
01
2 I
E
E
E
2
7t
h C
o
nv
e
nt
i
o
n
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
nd E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
E
ng
i
ne
e
r
s
i
n I
s
r
a
e
l
,
2
01
2,
p
p
. 1
–
5.
[
1
9]
J
.
C
a
nul
-
R
ei
ch
,
L
.
O
.
H
al
l
,
D
.
B
.
G
o
l
d
g
o
f
,
J
.
N
.
K
o
r
eck
i
,
an
d
S
.
E
s
ch
r
i
ch
,
“I
t
er
at
i
v
e f
eat
u
r
e p
er
t
u
r
b
at
i
o
n
as
a g
en
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
or
f
or
m
i
c
r
oa
r
r
a
y
da
t
a
,
”
I
nt
.
J
.
P
a
t
t
e
r
n R
e
c
og
ni
t
.
A
r
t
i
f
.
I
nt
e
l
l
.
,
v
ol
.
2
6,
no.
0
5,
p.
12
60
00
3,
A
ug
.
201
2.
[
2
0]
I
. G
u
y
o
n
, J
. We
s
t
o
n,
S
.
B
a
r
nhi
l
l
,
a
nd V
.
V
a
pn
i
k
,
“
G
e
ne
S
e
l
e
c
t
i
on f
or
C
a
nc
e
r
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on us
i
ng
S
up
por
t
V
e
c
t
or
M
ach
i
n
es
,
” M
ach
.
L
ear
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
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22
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.
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o.
1,
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–
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,
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20
10
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3]
L.
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hua
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-
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. W
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4,
p
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22
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–
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11.
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4]
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-
P
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put
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1,
p
p.
20
8
–
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3,
J
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2
011
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5]
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.
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15.
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6]
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.
E
.
S
h
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M
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–
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40
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8.
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F.
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. W
u
, W
. J
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t
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r
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g
. I
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51
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e
c
.
20
16
.
[
3
2]
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16.
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3
3]
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.
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uda
y
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k
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a
nd M
.
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.
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onul
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om
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.
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,
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.
9,
pp.
11
77
2
–
117
81
,
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3
4]
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.
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.
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l
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on,
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om
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.
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,
p
p.
52
–
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7,
J
a
n.
2
01
3.
[
3
5]
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.
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t
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.
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201
2.
[
3
6]
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.
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2
–
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13
.
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3
7]
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y
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488
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.
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11
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or
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13,
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1,
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p.
2
1
–
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7
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p.
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[
3
9]
R
.
M
.
P
ar
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al
.
,
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-
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ct
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o
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,
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h
ar
m
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o
m
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cs
J
.,
v
o
l
. 1
0
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o
. 4
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p
.
2
9
2
–
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09
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zam
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20
16
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4
4]
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