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6
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I
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f
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co
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[
1
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3
]
.
T
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b
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p
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in
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f
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p
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I
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I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
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b
er
2
0
1
9
:
4
8
1
5
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4
8
2
5
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I
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s
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tio
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2
,
liter
at
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r
ev
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w
f
o
r
R
N
S
a
n
d
R
R
NS
tec
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n
iq
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es
ar
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p
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ted
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w
h
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s
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tio
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3
an
d
4
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t
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d
th
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ex
p
lan
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t
h
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ap
p
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is
u
s
ed
to
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ed
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ce
th
e
P
A
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an
d
to
d
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ct
an
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co
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r
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t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
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er
r
o
r
s
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esp
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y
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Sectio
n
5
,
p
r
esen
t
th
e
MI
MO
-
OFDM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
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s
y
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NS
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tag
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a
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d
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ti
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n
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k
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m
e
n
t
s
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t
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q
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alit
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o
f
th
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r
ec
eiv
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m
a
g
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ar
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s
t
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.
I
n
Sectio
n
7
,
th
e
s
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m
u
latio
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u
lt
s
ar
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p
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esen
ted
to
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.
2.
L
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R
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VI
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W
I
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t
h
is
s
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tio
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(
R
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ar
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.
2
.
1
.
Resid
ue
nu
m
b
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
R
NS
ar
e
a
s
et
o
f
i
n
te
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
s
w
it
h
ca
r
r
y
-
f
r
ee
,
p
ar
allel,
a
n
d
f
as
t
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
th
at
i
s
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
[
6
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
R
NS
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
{r
i
}
i
s
th
e
r
e
m
i
n
d
er
o
f
d
iv
id
in
g
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
‘
N
’
b
y
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
s
et
o
f
‘
v
’
r
ela
tiv
e
p
r
i
m
e
s
m
o
d
u
l
i {
m
i
},
w
h
ic
h
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
1
)
;
r
i
=
N
(
m
o
d
m
i
);
(
1
)
w
h
er
e,
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
an
g
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
2
)
;
M
I
=
m
i
;
(
2
)
A
t
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e,
t
h
e
Mix
ed
R
ad
ix
C
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
(
M
R
C
)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
[
7
]
i
s
u
s
ed
to
r
ec
o
v
er
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
So
,
f
o
r
a
s
et
o
f
p
air
-
w
is
e
r
el
ativ
el
y
p
r
i
m
e
m
o
d
u
li
{
m
1
,
m
2
,
….
,
m
n
}
a
n
d
a
r
esid
u
e
s
tate
{r
1
,
r
2
,
….
r
n
}
o
f
a
n
u
m
b
er
X,
th
at
n
u
m
b
er
ca
n
b
e
u
n
iq
u
el
y
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
in
m
i
x
e
d
-
r
ad
ix
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
n
e
x
t
:
X
=
{z
1
, z
2
,
…,
z
n
}
(
3
)
a
n
d
;
X
=
z
1
+ z
2
m
1
+ z
3
m
2
m
1
+
….
.
+
z
n
m
n
-
1
m
n
-
2
….
m
1
; 0
z
i
r
i
(
4
)
w
h
er
e;
z
i
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
l
i a
n
d
r
esid
u
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
z
i
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
R
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
z
1
= r
1
z
2
=
|
|
m
1
-
1
|
m
2
(r
2
-
z
1
)|
m2
z
3
=
|
|
(
m
2
m
1
)
-
1
|
m
3
(r
3
–
(z
2
m
1
+ z
1
)|
m3
z
n
=
|
|
(
m
n
……
m
2
m
1
)
-
1
|
m
n
(r
n
-
z
n
-
1
m
n
-
2
…
.
.
z
2
m
1
+ z
1
)|
mn
2
.
2
.
Redun
da
nt
re
s
idu
e
nu
m
b
er
s
y
s
t
e
m
Fo
r
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
er
r
o
r
s
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
R
N
S
m
o
d
u
li
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
a
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
s
y
m
b
o
l
w
it
h
t
h
e
R
NS
m
o
d
u
l
i
s
et.
T
h
e
n
e
w
m
o
d
u
li
s
et
ar
e
ca
lled
R
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
R
esid
u
e
N
u
m
b
er
S
y
s
te
m
(
R
R
NS)
.
W
h
er
e,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
i
s
s
ch
e
m
e,
ea
c
h
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
li
s
elec
ted
to
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
ch
o
s
e
n
m
o
d
u
li se
t a
n
d
d
o
n
’
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
i
n
d
ef
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
an
g
e.
So
,
an
R
R
NS
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
ap
p
en
d
in
g
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
(
u
−
v
)
s
e
t o
f
m
o
d
u
li
m
v+
1
;m
v+
2
; ….
.
;
m
u
,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
m
v+
j
m
a
x
{
m
1
;m
2
;
……
;
m
v
},
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
a
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
l
u
s
to
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
R
N
S
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
1
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
o
r
m
an
R
R
N
S
o
f
‘
u
’
p
o
s
itiv
e,
p
air
w
is
e
r
elati
v
e
p
r
i
m
e
m
o
d
u
li
s
et
[
8
,
9
]
.
Fo
r
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
M
R
C
m
eth
o
d
,
a
co
m
b
i
n
ati
o
n
o
f
t
w
o
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
m
o
d
u
li
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
te
s
t
e
v
er
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
m
o
d
u
li.
W
h
er
e,
it is
ab
le
to
id
en
tify
a
n
d
co
r
r
ec
t th
e
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
b
it t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
test
[
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
ma
g
e
mu
ltip
lexin
g
u
s
in
g
r
esid
u
e
n
u
m
b
er sys
tem
co
d
in
g
o
ve
r
MIMO
-
OF
D
M
...
(
M.
I
.
Yo
u
s
s
ef)
4817
3.
RNS
AS P
AP
R
R
E
DUC
T
I
O
N
T
E
CH
N
I
Q
UE
L
et
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
as
d
i
(
i
=
0
,
1
,
…
,
M
−1
)
,
w
h
er
e
M
i
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t a
f
ter
i
n
v
er
s
e
d
is
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
s
k
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
(
5
)
;
s
k
=(
1
/M)
d
i
e
j2
i
k
/M
,
f
o
r
0
≤
k
≤
M
-
1
(
5
)
So
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
o
f
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
M
s
u
b
-
ch
a
n
n
el
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
(
6
)
;
P
A
P
R
ofd
m
=
m
ax
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
E
{
|
(
)
|
2
}
=
m
ax
{
|
∑
ex
p
(
2
)
−
1
=
0
|
2
}
E
{
|
∑
ex
p
(
2
)
−
1
=
0
|
2
}
=
m
ax
{
|
∑
ex
p
(
2
)
−
1
=
0
|
2
}
1
M
{
|
∑
ex
p
(
2
)
−
1
=
0
|
2
}
(
6
)
So
,
as
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
(
6
)
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
I
FF
T
s
tag
e,
w
h
er
e
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
ls
ac
r
o
s
s
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
n
ad
d
u
p
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
h
ig
h
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
s
i
g
n
al.
No
w
,
i
n
s
er
ti
n
g
R
N
S
p
r
e
-
co
d
in
g
p
h
ase,
it
i
s
s
ee
n
t
h
at
f
o
r
r
esid
u
e
{r
mv
,
0
,
r
mv
,
1
,
.
.
.
,
r
mv
,
(N−
1)
}
tr
an
s
m
itte
d
o
v
er
‘
v
’
I
F
FT
s
u
b
-
ch
a
n
n
els
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
lu
s
s
et
m
v
(
v
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
V)
.
W
h
er
e,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
o
d
u
l
u
s
m
v
r
esid
u
e
s
u
b
-
ch
a
n
n
el
af
ter
I
FF
T
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
a
s
s
ee
n
i
n
(
7
)
;
s
k
,
mv
=
s
(
k
T
/M)
=
r
mv
e
j2
i
k
/
M
,
f
o
r
0
≤
k
≤
M
-
1
,
f
o
r
0
≤
i ≤
M
-
1
(
7
)
So
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
o
f
R
NS
-
OFD
M
b
ased
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
‘
v
’
s
u
b
-
c
h
an
n
el
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
(
8
)
;
P
A
P
R
rns
-
ofd
m
=
v
.
m
ax
{
|
∑
r
mv
,
1
ex
p
(
j
2π
ik
M
)
M
−
1
i
=
0
|
2
}
E
{
|
∑
r
mv
,
1
ex
p
(
j
2π
ik
M
)
M
−
1
i
=
0
|
2
}
;
(
8
)
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
(
6
)
an
d
(
8
)
,
it
i
s
s
e
en
t
h
at
a
s
R
NS
m
o
d
u
li
s
et
c
h
o
s
en
s
m
al
ler
th
a
n
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
s
ig
n
al
a
n
d
as
th
e
r
esid
u
e
n
u
m
b
er
i
s
les
s
t
h
an
th
e
m
o
d
u
l
i
s
et,
i
t
is
s
ee
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
R
NS
-
OF
DM
s
i
g
n
al
‘
r
mv
‘
i
s
al
w
a
y
s
le
s
s
t
h
an
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
O
FDM
s
i
g
n
al
‘
d
i
’
.
A
l
s
o
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
R
NS
m
o
d
u
li
s
et
‘
v
’
it
i
s
d
esig
n
ated
to
b
e
le
s
s
t
h
a
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
u
s
ed
in
OFDM
s
ch
e
m
e
‘
M
’
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
g
en
er
ated
P
A
P
R
in
R
NS
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
is
al
w
a
y
s
les
s
th
a
n
t
h
at
p
r
esen
t in
OFDM
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
4.
RNS
E
R
RO
R
DE
T
E
C
T
I
O
N
AND
CO
RREC
T
I
O
N
A
L
G
O
RIT
H
M
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
R
N
S
a
s
a
Fo
r
w
ar
d
E
r
r
o
r
C
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
(
FEC)
s
ch
e
m
e,
th
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
is
ab
le
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
e
lf
-
c
h
ec
k
in
g
,
er
r
o
r
-
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
io
n
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ev
al
u
a
ted
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
FEC
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
a
h
an
d
s
h
a
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
et
w
ee
n
T
r
an
s
m
it/R
ec
ei
v
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
as B
lo
ck
E
r
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
co
d
e
s
,
o
r
C
o
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
E
r
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
co
d
es [
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
I
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
,
a
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
i
n
d
ic
atin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ta
k
en
to
d
etec
t
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
er
r
o
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t r
esid
u
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
W
h
er
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
ab
le
t
o
d
etec
t a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
er
‘
N
’
er
r
o
n
eo
u
s
i
n
te
g
er
s
b
y
a
n
y
‘
v’
o
u
t
o
f
‘
u’
r
es
id
u
e
d
i
g
it
s
u
s
in
g
th
eir
r
elate
d
m
o
d
u
li.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
R
R
NS
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
th
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
t
h
at
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
ar
ith
m
etic
m
o
d
u
le
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
atin
g
b
o
th
o
r
ig
i
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ar
t a
n
d
p
ar
it
y
p
a
r
t o
f
a
R
R
N
S c
o
d
e
w
o
r
d
[
1
0
,
1
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
r
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
R
R
N
S
R
e
si
d
u
e
-
to
-
B
i
n
a
r
y
M
a
j
o
r
i
t
y
V
o
t
i
n
g
C
o
mp
a
r
i
n
g
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
sy
mb
o
l
s
(
R
x
v
s.
Tx
)
NO
E
r
r
o
r
S
e
l
e
c
t
C
o
mm
o
n
V
a
l
u
e
I
n
v
e
r
se
t
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
u
si
n
g
c
o
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
mo
d
u
l
i
S
a
me
v
a
l
u
e
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
9
:
4
8
1
5
-
4
8
2
5
4818
I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
co
n
v
er
ted
b
ac
k
to
b
i
n
ar
y
n
u
m
b
er
s
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
o
n
es.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
etec
t
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
an
er
r
o
r
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
m
es
s
ag
e.
T
h
en
,
f
o
r
th
e
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
s
ta
g
e,
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lu
s
th
at
g
e
n
er
ated
th
e
er
r
o
r
m
u
s
t
b
e
id
e
n
ti
f
i
ed
eit
h
er
in
m
3
,
o
r
m
2
o
r
m
1
.
U
s
i
n
g
th
e
MR
C
m
et
h
o
d
[
6
]
,
a
test
o
n
ea
ch
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
o
d
u
li
w
it
h
t
h
e
t
w
o
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
li
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
id
en
ti
f
y
a
n
d
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
b
it
w
h
ic
h
g
e
n
er
ated
th
e
er
r
o
r
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
t
l
y
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
i
s
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
etec
ted
an
d
c
o
r
r
ec
ted
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
r
e
-
tr
an
s
m
it
ag
a
in
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
5.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
i
s
i
n
itialized
w
ith
an
i
m
a
g
e
a
s
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
to
b
in
ar
y
d
ata
t
h
en
co
n
v
er
ted
to
r
esid
u
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
p
r
o
tecte
d
f
r
o
m
er
r
o
r
s
b
y
ad
d
in
g
p
ar
ity
r
esid
u
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
R
R
NS
en
co
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
ac
k
e
t
i
s
m
o
d
u
lat
ed
,
co
d
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Sp
ac
e
-
T
i
m
e
B
lo
ck
C
o
d
in
g
(
ST
B
C
)
en
co
d
e
r
,
p
ass
ed
t
o
a
Ser
ial
-
To
-
P
ar
allel
(
S/P
)
c
o
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
I
FF
T
b
lo
ck
th
en
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
an
te
n
n
a.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
MI
MO
-
R
N
S
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
B
ef
o
r
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
a
C
y
cl
ic
p
r
ef
ix
(
C
P
)
is
ad
d
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
I
n
t
er
S
y
m
b
o
l
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
SI)
an
d
I
n
ter
C
ar
r
ier
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
C
I
)
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
c
h
an
n
el
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
C
P
is
a
co
p
y
o
f
th
e
las
t
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
t
h
at
is
atta
ch
ed
to
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itt
ed
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l.
T
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
s
ate
llit
e
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
s
ev
er
al
ch
a
n
n
el
f
ad
in
g
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
;
s
tar
tin
g
w
it
h
A
d
d
itiv
e
W
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ia
n
No
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
ch
an
n
el,
an
d
th
e
n
ad
d
in
g
m
u
lt
ip
ath
f
ad
i
n
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
in
g
R
icia
n
,
R
a
y
lei
g
h
an
d
R
ice
-
L
o
g
n
o
r
m
al
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
R
L
N)
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
ad
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
s
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
e
iv
er
b
lo
ck
s
ar
e
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
.
6.
I
M
AG
E
Q
UAL
I
T
Y
M
E
ASURE
S
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
an
im
ag
e
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
v
er
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
NS
-
b
ased
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
k
ey
p
ar
am
eter
s
th
at
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
im
ag
e
as
a
w
ay
o
f
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
th
e
P
ea
k
Sig
n
al
to
No
is
e
R
atio
(
P
SNR
)
,
Me
an
Sq
u
ar
e
E
r
r
o
r
(
MSE
)
an
d
th
e
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
C
OR
R
)
as
s
ee
n
in
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
6
.
1
.
M
e
a
n
s
qu
a
re
d e
rr
o
r
T
h
e
MSE
[
1
7
]
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
s
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
in
te
n
s
it
ies
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
d
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
i
m
a
g
e,
an
d
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as seen
i
n
(
9
)
:
M
1
i
N
1
J
2
)
J
i,
C
-
J
i,
S
(
MN
1
M
S
E
(
9
)
w
h
er
e;
M
&
N
d
en
o
te
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
e
p
ix
el
s
in
t
h
e
h
o
r
izo
n
ta
l /
v
er
tical
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
C
i,
J
&
S
i,
J
r
ep
r
esen
t p
ix
el
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
i
m
a
g
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
R
x
D
a
t
a
R
N
S
D
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
De
-
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Sp
ace
-
T
i
me
De
c
o
d
i
n
g
De
-
S
u
b
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
FFT
R
e
m
o
v
e
CP
R
x
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
r
r
a
y
T
x
D
a
t
a
R
N
S
En
c
o
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
S
p
a
c
e
-
T
i
me
En
c
o
d
i
n
g
S
u
b
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
I
F
F
T
A
d
d
CP
T
x
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
A
r
r
a
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
ma
g
e
mu
ltip
lexin
g
u
s
in
g
r
esid
u
e
n
u
m
b
er sys
tem
co
d
in
g
o
ve
r
MIMO
-
OF
D
M
...
(
M.
I
.
Yo
u
s
s
ef)
4819
6
.
2
.
T
he
pea
k
s
ig
na
l t
o
no
is
e
ra
t
i
o
(
P
SNR)
T
h
e
P
SNR
as
s
ee
n
in
(
1
0
)
is
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
d
t
h
e
o
r
i
g
in
a
l
i
m
a
g
e,
ta
k
in
g
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
i
m
ag
e
a
s
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
[
1
8
]
.
dB
M
S
E
2
m
ax
I
10
l
o
g
10
P
S
N
R
(
1
0
)
w
h
er
e
I
m
ax
is
eq
u
al
to
2
5
5
f
o
r
8
b
it sam
p
lin
g
im
ag
es.
T
h
e
P
SNR
is
a
n
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
tio
n
to
h
u
m
an
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
q
u
ali
t
y
,
w
h
er
e
a
t
y
p
ical
v
a
lu
e
o
f
lo
s
s
les
s
i
m
a
g
e
is
3
0
–
5
0
d
B
an
d
ac
ce
p
tab
le
v
alu
es
in
w
i
r
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
ar
e
b
etw
ee
n
2
0
to
2
5
d
B
.
I
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
n
o
is
e,
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
i
m
a
g
es
ar
e
id
en
tical,
g
i
v
in
g
a
MSE
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
,
an
d
in
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5
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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I
n
t J
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lec
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9
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6
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r
a
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
o
v
er
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
m
o
d
el
ch
an
n
el,
th
e
P
A
P
R
f
o
r
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
is
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
8
,
it
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
R
R
NS
h
as
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
s
ig
n
al
a
m
p
lit
u
d
e
b
y
ab
o
u
t 2
0
% c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
L
DP
C
FEC s
c
h
e
m
e
(
FE
C
-
R
N
S
-
OFDM)
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
P
A
P
R
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
f
o
r
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
7
.
8
.
T
he
RRN
S
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
us
i
ng
i
m
a
g
e
qu
a
lity
m
ea
s
ure
m
e
nts
T
r
an
s
m
itti
n
g
a
n
i
m
a
g
e
co
d
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
R
R
NS
th
at
h
av
e
an
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
m
o
d
u
l
i’
s
{1
1
9
7
5
}
an
d
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
o
d
u
li
{1
3
},
an
d
m
o
d
u
lated
u
s
in
g
1
0
2
4
-
Q
A
M,
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
R
icia
n
an
d
R
a
y
lei
g
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
els,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
MSE
,
P
SN
R
a
n
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
ac
to
r
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
it
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
o
u
t
FE
C
s
c
h
e
m
e,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
8
an
d
9
.
Fro
m
T
ab
le
8
an
d
9
,
it
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
g
e
n
er
ated
er
r
o
r
s
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
SNR
an
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
ac
to
r
w
h
en
R
NS
is
u
s
ed
as
a
FEC
s
ch
e
m
e,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
NS
as
a
co
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
n
l
y
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
R
N
S in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
ab
le
8
.
Sy
s
te
m
M
SE/P
SNR
/
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
o
v
er
r
ician
ch
a
n
n
el
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
I
mag
e
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
M
S
E
P
S
N
R
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
F
a
c
t
o
r
'p
o
u
t
'
si
z
e
2
4
0
*
2
9
1
O
F
D
M
7
6
1
1
9
.
3
1
6
0
.
6
4
0
9
9
3
1
1
6
1
1
R
N
S
-
O
F
D
M
1
0
3
2
7
.
9
8
0
.
9
1
4
3
1
5
4
2
5
6
8
9
F
EC
-
R
N
S
-
O
F
D
M
0
99
1
T
ab
le
9
.
Sy
s
te
m
M
SE/P
SNR
/
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
o
v
er
R
a
y
lei
g
h
ch
a
n
n
el
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
I
mag
e
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
M
S
E
P
S
N
R
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
F
a
c
t
o
r
'p
o
u
t
'
si
z
e
2
4
0
*
2
9
1
O
F
D
M
8
8
9
1
8
.
6
4
0
.
6
3
0
5
2
R
N
S
-
O
F
D
M
3
3
9
2
2
.
8
0
.
7
6
9
7
1
4
F
EC
-
R
N
S
-
O
F
D
M
0
.
5
1
3
1
0
1
3
7
51
0
.
9
9
9
5
2
2
8
6
8.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
R
NS
co
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
w
ith
p
ar
allel
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ar
ith
m
etic
an
d
w
ith
n
o
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
ar
ith
m
etic
b
lo
ck
s
w
o
u
ld
s
im
p
lif
y
th
e
o
v
er
all
d
esig
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
R
NS
as
a
co
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lo
it
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
im
ag
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
OFDM
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
en
co
d
es
d
ig
ital
d
ata
o
v
er
m
u
ltip
le
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cies.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
co
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
it
w
as
ab
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
d
y
n
am
ic
r
an
g
e
s
u
ch
th
at
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
P
A
P
R
w
as
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
%
less
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
MI
MO
-
OF
DM
s
y
s
tem
,
as
w
ell
as
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
SNR
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
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