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l J
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E
lect
rica
l a
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Co
m
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ute
r
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ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
,
p
p
.
1
~
8
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
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iate
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a
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a
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th
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rd
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se
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P
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o
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ier
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d
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a
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ti
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re
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ier
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a
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d
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ll
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th
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e
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term
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o
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rm
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ic
d
ist
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(T
HD
)
o
f
in
p
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t
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t
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d
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t
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re
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ti
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g
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g
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ra
ti
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n
.
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h
e
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o
n
tr
o
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e
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re
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ti
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ier
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a
s
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o
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r
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p
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ra
ti
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g
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h
a
se
s
a
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o
c
iate
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w
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it
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g
sta
tes
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n
d
in
p
u
t
v
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l
tag
e
p
o
larity
.
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ra
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a
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th
e
f
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e
d
b
a
c
k
p
a
th
.
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h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
ti
v
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stu
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ies
h
a
v
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u
c
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.
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e
ff
e
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ti
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ss
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th
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ro
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se
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tr
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re
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ti
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ier
is
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ri
f
ied
in
term
s
o
f
T
HD
a
n
d
in
p
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t
p
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w
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f
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c
to
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c
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sid
e
ri
n
g
th
e
re
su
lt
s
o
b
tai
n
e
d
f
ro
m
si
m
u
la
ti
o
n
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
Feed
b
ac
k
cir
cu
it
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
T
o
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
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s
to
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tio
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(
T
HD)
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Md
.
Sh
a
m
s
u
l
A
r
if
i
n
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
B
an
g
lad
es
h
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
R
a
m
n
a,
D
h
ak
a,
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
E
m
ail:
m
s
ar
i
f
i
n
@
m
u
n
.
ca
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
an
d
telec
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies
ar
e
g
r
o
w
in
g
r
ap
id
ly
in
m
o
d
er
n
w
o
r
ld
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
ic
les
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
io
n
ee
r
in
m
o
d
er
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
ec
to
r
as
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
al
en
g
in
e
d
r
iv
en
v
e
h
icle
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
o
ll
u
tio
n
.
D
C
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
is
t
h
e
d
r
iv
i
n
g
f
o
r
ce
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
s
e
cto
r
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
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n
tl
y
,
th
e
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
D
C
p
o
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s
u
p
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ly
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
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g
a
t
p
r
esen
t
s
i
t
u
atio
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.
Fu
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t
h
er
m
o
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e,
t
h
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D
C
g
en
er
atio
n
al
s
o
p
la
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s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
t
h
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co
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tr
o
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t
o
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s
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f
p
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w
ab
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w
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av
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all
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ld
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B
o
th
th
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m
ilit
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a
n
d
c
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il
air
cr
af
t
s
also
i
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c
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p
o
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ate
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d
r
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D
C
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p
p
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[1
-
4]
.
Gen
er
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y
,
r
ec
ti
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ier
s
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e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
(
DC
)
p
o
w
er
i
n
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
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licatio
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s
d
is
c
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s
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ed
ab
o
v
e.
T
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s
tak
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ter
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ati
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AC
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o
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t
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ier
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n
ati
n
g
a
n
d
co
n
tain
s
h
u
g
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
[5
-
8]
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
t
h
e
s
h
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p
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en
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id
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T
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s
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m
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p
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co
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t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
-
8
2
v
is
ib
le
in
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
i
n
es
etc
.
A
s
a
r
es
u
lt
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
o
n
ten
t
s
i
n
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
a
s
er
io
u
s
ch
alle
n
g
e
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
a
s
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as
p
o
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y
s
te
m
e
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in
e
er
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g
.
Hen
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m
eth
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s
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s
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esear
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ar
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in
t
h
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
p
o
w
er
elec
tr
o
n
ics
[5
-
7
,
9
-
1
0
]
.
T
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e
d
if
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A
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ilter
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ilter
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a
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s
,
f
o
r
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
f
i
l
t
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
[
1
0
-
15]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
ac
tiv
e
f
ilter
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
h
as
ac
h
ie
v
ed
i
ts
ac
ce
p
tan
c
y
a
m
o
n
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
a
s
w
ell
a
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
AC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
an
u
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
at
o
u
tp
u
t
en
d
.
Fo
r
th
ese
t
y
p
es
o
f
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
w
i
tch
in
g
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
at
D
C
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
r
ec
tif
ier
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
i
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
s
e
v
er
al
n
e
w
c
ir
cu
it
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
b
ased
o
n
i
n
p
u
t
s
id
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
[5
-
7
,
1
0
,
1
2
,
1
5
-
1
7
]
.
T
h
ese
cir
cu
its
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
to
co
n
v
er
t
alter
n
ati
n
g
p
o
w
er
to
d
ir
ec
t
p
o
w
er
w
it
h
m
ai
n
tai
n
in
g
s
atis
f
ac
t
o
r
y
d
is
to
r
tio
n
in
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
at
i
n
p
u
t
s
id
e.
B
u
t
t
h
ese
cir
cu
i
ts
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
co
n
s
tan
t
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
l
tag
e
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
co
n
d
it
io
n
d
u
e
t
o
h
av
in
g
n
o
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
te
m
[5
-
7
,
1
0
,
1
2
,
1
5
-
17]
.
I
n
th
e
b
est
o
f
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
’
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
,
v
er
y
f
e
w
r
esear
c
h
es
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
ased
o
n
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
w
it
h
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
y
s
te
m
,
i.e
.
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
s
e
v
er
al
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
s
ep
ar
at
e
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
f
r
o
m
i
n
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
th
e
AC
-
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
as
w
ell
as
f
r
o
m
l
in
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
s
ep
er
ate
th
e
h
ar
t
m
o
n
ic
s
an
d
k
ee
p
t
h
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD
)
an
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
at
s
atis
f
ac
t
o
r
y
lev
el,
t
h
e
m
u
lti
s
ta
g
e
co
n
v
er
ter
h
av
i
n
g
6
,
1
2
o
r
2
4
p
u
ls
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
w
id
el
y
in
v
es
ti
g
ated
[
1
8
-
21]
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
it
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
ze
d
p
u
ls
es,
th
er
eb
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
te
m
b
ec
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
f
o
r
th
e
m
u
ltis
tag
e
co
n
v
er
ter
.
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
s
o
m
e
r
esear
ch
e
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
m
atr
i
x
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
w
h
ich
is
also
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
as
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
d
ev
ices
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
[
2
2
-
24]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
in
b
o
th
ca
s
es
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
lo
s
s
i
n
cr
ea
s
es,
w
h
ich
af
f
ec
t
s
th
e
o
v
er
al
l
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
2
5
]
.
Am
o
n
g
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ec
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
e
s
,
s
o
m
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
w
o
r
k
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
au
to
m
at
ic
-
p
o
w
er
-
d
ec
o
u
p
li
n
g
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
s
,
q
u
ad
-
ac
ti
v
e
-
b
r
id
g
e
A
C
–
D
C
co
n
v
er
ter
,
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
p
ac
k
ed
U
-
ce
ll
co
n
v
er
ter
,
co
n
v
er
ter
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
cu
r
r
en
t
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
c
h
e
m
es
b
ased
o
n
ar
tif
icial
in
telli
g
e
n
ce
etc
[
2
6
-
30]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
is
ch
alle
n
g
i
n
g
to
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
t
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
e
s
c
h
e
m
es
as
tec
h
n
ical
co
m
p
le
x
it
ie
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
s
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
a
clo
s
e
lo
o
p
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
is
in
v
es
tig
a
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
SEPI
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
s
o
m
e
v
i
tal
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
s
o
v
er
o
th
er
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
.
SEP
I
C
to
p
o
lo
g
y
co
n
tain
s
le
s
s
ac
ti
v
e
co
m
o
n
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Ĉ
UK
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
m
aj
o
r
b
en
ef
it
s
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ate
its
lo
w
n
o
is
e
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
e
m
e.
A
d
d
iti
o
n
all
y
,
it
i
s
u
s
ed
r
eliab
l
y
in
r
en
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
in
s
tead
o
f
Ĉ
UK
co
n
v
er
ter
d
u
e
to
h
av
i
n
g
les
s
p
o
w
er
r
ip
p
le
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
r
ec
tif
ier
h
as
f
o
u
r
o
p
er
atin
g
p
h
a
s
es,
ea
c
h
o
f
w
h
i
ch
ar
e
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
c
h
o
p
p
in
g
o
f
in
p
u
t
AC
c
u
r
r
en
t
[
5
,
1
0
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
lo
o
p
s
en
s
u
r
e
r
eg
u
lated
v
o
ltag
e
at
o
u
tp
u
t
w
it
h
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
.
Th
is
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
.
T
h
e
t
y
p
ical
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
lo
o
p
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
o
p
s
ed
clo
s
ed
lo
o
p
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
is
il
lu
s
tr
ated
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
.
Sectio
n
4
ex
p
lai
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
h
ase
s
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
.
Sectio
n
5
re
p
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
an
d
a
n
al
y
tical
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
A
t
th
e
en
d
,
a
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
is
d
r
a
w
n
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
.
2.
T
H
E
CO
NS
T
RU
CT
I
O
N
O
F
CURR
E
N
T
AND
VO
L
T
AG
E
L
O
O
P
S
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
cir
cu
it
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
as
w
el
l
as
a
v
o
lta
g
e
lo
o
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
b
o
th
cu
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
lo
o
p
s
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
lo
o
p
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
co
m
p
ar
in
g
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
llected
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
a
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
is
t
h
e
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
p
ass
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
el
p
s
to
s
m
o
o
th
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
i
s
m
o
d
i
f
ied
er
r
o
r
s
ig
n
al
is
th
e
n
g
o
es
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
a
m
u
l
tip
lier
.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
al
i
s
m
u
ltip
lied
w
it
h
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
a
m
p
le
a
n
d
th
is
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ac
ts
as
th
e
in
p
u
t
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
d
u
ct
is
f
u
r
th
er
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
o
p
an
d
a
c
u
r
r
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
i
g
n
a
l
is
g
e
n
er
ated
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
i
g
n
al
is
p
ass
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
th
er
P
I
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
ac
h
iev
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ac
ts
as t
h
e
f
in
a
l r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
i
g
n
al
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
is
r
e
f
er
en
ce
i
s
t
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
a
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
i
g
n
al
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
A
g
ate
p
u
ls
e
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
i
s
t
h
u
s
cr
ea
te
d
f
o
r
lo
ad
v
ar
y
in
g
s
it
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
is
g
i
v
en
to
th
e
g
ate
ter
m
in
al
o
f
s
w
itc
h
in
g
d
ev
ice
[
6
,
3
1
,
3
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
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n
p
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r
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u
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1
.
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h
e
co
n
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e
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en
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p
s
3.
CO
NST
R
UCT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
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SE
D
CIR
CUI
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Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
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ctio
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ed
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lled
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ec
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e
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er
ter
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n
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tr
u
cted
w
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t
w
o
ca
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ito
r
s
(
C
l,
C
2
)
,
f
o
u
r
i
n
d
u
cto
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s
(
L
l,
L
2
,
L
3
a
n
d
L
4
)
,
a
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
(
M
l)
an
d
s
e
v
er
al
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io
d
es.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
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Ll
,
L
2
a
n
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
l
tr
a
n
s
f
er
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e
r
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y
at
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i
ti
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e
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al
f
c
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cle
o
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e
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o
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er
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u
p
p
l
y
.
Si
m
i
lar
l
y
,
th
e
L
3
,
L
4
an
d
C
2
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
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th
t
h
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
h
al
f
c
y
cle
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
i
n
d
icate
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as
L
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L
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Neg
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d
th
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ito
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C
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Neg
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av
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
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f
ilter
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i
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p
u
t
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id
e.
T
h
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ca
p
ac
ito
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_L
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ac
ts
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u
tp
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t
c
ap
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ito
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h
e
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u
n
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f
r
e
m
o
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g
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ip
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le
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tp
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o
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h
e
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y
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te
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r
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r
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s
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r
r
en
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lo
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asis
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s
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ig
h
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o
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er
f
ac
t
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at
in
p
u
t
s
id
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
p
u
ls
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
at
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
(
M
1
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
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o
p
o
s
ed
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
4.
P
H
ASE
S O
F
O
P
E
RA
T
I
O
N
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
ti
f
ier
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
er
e
,
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
AC
c
u
r
r
en
t
i
s
c
h
o
p
p
ed
u
s
i
n
g
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
w
itc
h
in
g
d
e
v
ice.
A
s
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
f
il
ter
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
ed
u
ce
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
h
ig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
at
in
p
u
t
s
id
e
also
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
T
HD
as
w
ell
as
k
ee
p
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
a
cto
r
at
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
lev
el.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
h
as
f
o
u
r
o
p
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atin
g
p
h
a
s
es
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
P
h
ase
1
an
d
p
h
ase
2
as
in
d
icate
d
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
ar
e
ass
o
ciat
ed
w
it
h
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
to
tal
c
y
cle
an
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
in
g
s
tates
o
f
ON
an
d
OFF
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
p
h
ase
3
a
n
d
p
h
ase
4
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
h
ases
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o
r
n
e
g
at
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e
p
er
io
d
an
d
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
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n
g
s
tates
o
f
ON
an
d
O
FF
r
e
s
p
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
L
1
,
L
2
a
n
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
1
p
ar
ticip
ates
at
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
i
n
p
o
s
iti
v
e
p
er
io
d
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
i
n
d
icate
d
as
p
h
ase
1
an
d
p
h
ase
2
.
Si
m
ilar
l
y
,
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
L
3
,
L
4
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
C
2
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
p
h
ase
3
an
d
p
h
ase
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
-
8
4
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
C
1
C
2
M
1
C
_
L
o
a
d
R
_
L
o
a
d
V
i
n
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
C
1
C
2
M
1
C
_
L
o
a
d
R
_
L
o
a
d
V
i
n
(
a)
(
b
)
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
C
1
C
2
M
1
C
_
L
o
a
d
R
_
L
o
a
d
V
i
n
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
C
1
C
2
M
1
C
_
L
o
a
d
R
_
L
o
a
d
V
i
n
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
h
ase
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
,
(
a)
P
h
ase
1
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
c
y
cle
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
s
ON
,
(
b
)
P
h
ase
2
,
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
c
y
cle
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
itc
h
is
OF
F
,
(
c)
P
h
ase
3
,
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
c
y
cle
an
d
t
h
e
s
w
itc
h
is
ON
,
(
d
)
P
h
ase
4
,
th
e
n
e
g
ati
v
e
p
er
io
d
o
f
th
e
c
y
cle
a
n
d
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
s
OFF
[
5
]
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
S
5
.
1
.
Circ
uit
pa
ra
m
et
er
s
T
h
e
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ie
r
is
s
i
m
u
lated
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
e
lp
o
f
P
SIM
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
al
v
er
s
io
n
9
.
0
.
3
.
4
0
0
.
A
s
i
n
u
s
o
id
al
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
o
u
r
ce
h
av
i
n
g
3
0
0
V
p
ea
k
an
d
5
0
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
i
s
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
.
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r
th
e
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
,
an
i
n
s
u
la
ted
g
ate
b
ip
o
lar
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
(
I
GB
T
)
is
s
elec
ted
.
Fo
r
th
e
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
,
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
(
L
1
an
d
L
3
)
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
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th
e
n
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
v
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lu
e
o
f
1
m
H
ea
ch
.
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d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
th
e
i
n
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L
2
an
d
L
4
)
h
av
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
2
m
H
ea
c
h
.
F
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
ca
p
ac
itio
r
s
(
C
1
an
d
C
2
)
h
a
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
f
er
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
μ
F
ea
c
h
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
(
L_
P
o
s
an
d
L_
Neg
)
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C_
Po
s
an
d
C_
Neg
)
h
av
e
t
h
eir
v
al
u
es
o
f
1
5
m
H
a
n
d
2
μ
F
ea
ch
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
C
_
L
o
ad
)
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
r
ip
p
le
f
r
o
m
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
h
a
s
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
4
7
0
μ
F
an
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ad
is
c
h
an
g
ed
to
in
v
esti
g
a
te
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SEP
I
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
lo
ad
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
i
s
r
esis
ti
v
e
in
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clo
s
e
lo
o
p
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
an
o
p
en
lo
o
p
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
o
f
s
a
m
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
w
it
h
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
AC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
h
a
v
i
n
g
SEP
I
C
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
at
o
u
tp
u
t
en
d
.
5
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
a
nd
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
T
h
e
w
a
v
es
h
ap
es
o
f
A
C
s
id
e
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
in
)
a
n
d
v
o
lta
g
e
at
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
al
(
V
o
)
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
,
ac
h
ie
v
ed
f
r
o
m
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
es
4
-
6
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
d
ev
ice
(
f
s
)
i
s
s
el
ec
ted
as
4
KHz
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
,
it
i
s
e
v
id
en
t
t
h
at,
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clo
s
e
lo
o
p
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n
al
AC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
.
Satis
f
ac
to
r
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
T
HD
an
d
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
clo
s
e
lo
o
p
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
b
en
ef
it
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
th
at,
it
ca
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
r
e
g
u
l
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
m
a
in
ta
in
i
n
g
v
er
y
h
ig
h
-
p
o
w
e
r
f
ac
to
r
as
w
el
l
as
s
ati
s
f
ac
to
r
y
T
HD.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
s
in
g
le
s
w
i
th
ch
in
g
d
ev
ice
m
a
k
es
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
i
m
p
le
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
lo
s
s
is
r
e
d
u
ce
d
as
t
h
er
e
is
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
w
itc
h
a
n
d
it
h
elp
s
to
r
is
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
t
h
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
,
it
c
an
b
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
th
at,
t
h
e
clo
s
e
lo
o
p
SEPI
C
co
n
tr
o
lled
r
ec
tif
ier
is
s
u
itab
le
t
o
ap
p
ly
f
o
r
an
e
x
ten
s
i
v
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
R.
F
a
ss
ler,
“
Eff
icie
n
c
y
R
e
g
u
latio
n
s:
Driv
in
g
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
rsio
n
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
d
e
si
g
n
s,”
IEE
E
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
M
.
Yilm
a
z
a
n
d
P
.
Kre
in
,
“
Re
v
iew
o
f
c
h
a
r
g
in
g
p
o
w
e
r
le
v
e
ls
a
n
d
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
f
o
r
p
lu
g
-
in
e
lec
t
ric
a
n
d
h
y
b
rid
v
e
h
icle
s a
n
d
c
o
m
m
e
n
tar
y
o
n
u
n
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
c
h
a
rg
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
El
e
c
trica
l
Ve
h
icle
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
2
.
[
3
]
S
.
Ko
m
e
d
a
a
n
d
H.
F
u
ji
ta,
“
A
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
a
n
iso
late
d
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
A
C
-
to
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
A
C
-
to
-
A
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
.
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
9
6
9
1
-
9
6
9
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
S
.
Na
g
a
ra
j,
R.
R
a
n
ih
e
m
a
m
a
li
n
i,
a
n
d
L
.
Ra
jaji,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
si
s O
f
Co
n
t
ro
ll
e
rs F
o
r
Hig
h
V
o
lt
a
g
e
G
a
i
n
DC
-
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
P
V
P
a
n
e
l,
”
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
vo
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
9
4
-
6
0
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[5
]
M
.
S
.
A
rif
in
a
n
d
M
.
J.
A
l
a
m
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
S
EP
IC
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
re
c
ti
f
ier
w
it
h
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
s,”
9
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
ICECE
),
p
p
.
3
8
-
41
,
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2021
:
1
-
8
8
[6
]
M
.
S
.
A
rif
in
,
N.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
M
.
I.
Kh
a
li
l,
a
n
d
M
.
J.
A
lam
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
c
lo
se
d
-
lo
o
p
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
ĈUK
A
C
to
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
im
p
ro
v
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
7
3
-
1
3
8
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
M
.
S
.
A
rif
in
a
n
d
M
.
J.
A
lam
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
si
n
g
le
p
h
a
se
sin
g
l
e
sw
it
c
h
Ću
k
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s in
El
e
c
trica
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
ICAE
E),
p
p
.
2
2
6
–
2
2
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
V
.
Ra
ji
n
i,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
c
o
n
tro
l
sc
h
e
m
e
to
im
p
ro
v
e
th
e
sp
e
c
tral
q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
a
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
b
rid
g
e
les
s
b
o
o
st
re
c
ti
f
ier,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
2
-
6
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
M
.
Ism
a
il
Ho
ss
a
in
,
“
Clo
se
d
lo
o
p
c
u
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
b
a
se
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
T
h
e
sis
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
O
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
A
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
B
a
n
g
l
a
d
e
s
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
O
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
A
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2013.
[1
0
]
M
.
S
h
a
m
su
l
A
ri
f
in
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
sin
g
l
e
sw
it
c
h
c
u
k
a
n
d
se
p
ic
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
im
p
ro
v
e
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
”
T
h
e
sis
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
Of
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
A
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
Un
iv
e
rsity
O
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
A
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
A
.
H.
A
b
e
d
in
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
p
u
t
s
w
it
c
h
e
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
rid
g
e
les
s
Cû
K
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Dr
ive
s a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(
PE
DES
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
M
.
R.
T
.
Ho
ss
a
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
b
r
id
g
e
les
s
A
C
-
DC
Zeta
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Dr
ive
s a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
(
PE
DES
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
A
.
S
h
riv
a
st
a
v
a
a
n
d
B.
S
in
g
h
,
“
A
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
fa
c
to
r
a
n
d
lo
w
c
re
st
f
a
c
to
r
Cu
k
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
li
g
h
ti
n
g
sy
ste
m
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
n
e
rg
y
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
li
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
3
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
B.
S
in
g
h
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
g
ra
wa
l.
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r
-
c
o
rre
c
ted
A
C
–
DC
Cu
k
c
o
n
v
e
rte
r
w
i
t
h
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
"
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
r
g
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
P
o
l
i
c
y
,
v
o
l
4
,
n
o
1
-
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
1
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
5
]
M
.
M
.
S
.
K
h
a
n
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
h
ig
h
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
t
h
re
e
p
h
a
se
Bu
c
k
-
Bo
o
st
c
o
n
tr
o
l
led
re
c
ti
f
ier,”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
ICIT
)
,
p
p
.
5
5
7
–
5
6
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
M
.
A
.
Ka
b
ir,
A
.
H.
A
b
e
d
in
t,
S
.
I
sla
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ch
o
u
d
h
u
ry
,
“
Ću
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
b
a
se
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
AC
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
ih
lo
w
T
HD
a
n
d
h
ig
h
p
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
to
r,
”
3
7
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
,
p
p
.
1
2
56
–
1
2
6
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
7
]
M
.
M
.
S
.
Kh
a
n
,
M
.
S
.
A
rif
in
,
M
.
R.
T
.
Ho
ss
a
in
,
M
.
A
.
Ka
b
ir,
A
.
H.
A
b
e
d
in
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
Ch
o
u
d
h
u
ry
,
“
In
p
u
t
sw
it
c
h
e
d
sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
b
u
c
k
a
n
d
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
w
it
h
i
m
p
ro
v
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
,
”
7
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
1
8
9
–
1
9
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
U.
De
sa
i
a
n
d
D.
R.
V
o
ra
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
p
u
lse
c
o
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
d
im
in
u
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
v
e
n
ti
v
e
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
(
ICIS
C)
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
R.
M
a
u
ry
a
,
P
.
A
g
a
r
w
a
l,
a
n
d
S
.
P
.
S
ri
v
a
sta
v
a
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
u
l
ti
p
u
lse
Co
n
v
e
rter
f
o
r
L
o
w
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Hig
h
Cu
rre
n
t
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
A
u
t
o
ma
ti
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
-
2
1
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
0
]
B.
S
in
g
h
,
G
.
Bh
u
v
a
n
e
sw
a
ri,
a
n
d
V
.
G
a
rg
,
“
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
1
2
-
p
u
lse
A
C
-
DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter
in
v
e
c
to
r
-
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
d
i
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
riv
e
s,”
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r d
e
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
8
3
-
1
4
9
2
,
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
B.
S
in
g
h
,
S
.
G
a
iro
la,
B.
N.
S
in
g
h
,
A
.
Ch
a
n
d
ra
,
a
n
d
K.
A
l
-
Ha
d
d
a
d
,
“
M
u
lt
i
p
u
lse
A
C
–
DC
Co
n
v
e
rte
rs
f
o
r
I
m
p
ro
v
in
g
P
o
w
e
r
Qu
a
li
ty
:
A
Re
v
ie
w
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
6
0
–
2
8
1
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
2
]
P
.
Co
rtes
,
D.
Bo
rti
s,
R
.
P
it
ti
n
i,
a
n
d
J.
W
.
Ko
lar,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
iso
late
d
m
a
tri
x
-
t
y
p
e
P
F
C
re
c
ti
f
ier
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
ff
i
c
ie
n
c
y
3
8
0
V
DC su
p
p
li
e
s o
f
f
u
tu
re
te
lco
a
n
d
d
a
ta ce
n
ters
,
”
1
6
t
h
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
p
p
.
1
-
10
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
P
.
Co
rtes
,
J.
Hu
b
e
r,
M
.
S
il
v
a
,
a
n
d
J.
W
.
Ko
lar,
“
Ne
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
p
h
a
se
-
m
o
d
u
lar
iso
late
d
m
a
tri
x
-
t
y
p
e
th
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
A
C/DC
c
o
n
v
e
rter,”
3
9
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
IEE
E
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
S
o
c
iety
,
p
p
.
4
8
9
9
-
4
9
0
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
4
]
B.
J.
D.
V
e
rm
u
lst,
J.
L
.
Du
a
rte,
C.
G
.
E.
W
ij
n
a
n
d
s,
a
n
d
E.
A
.
L
o
m
o
n
o
v
a
,
“
Qu
a
d
-
A
c
ti
v
e
-
Brid
g
e
S
in
g
le
-
S
tag
e
Bid
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
A
C
–
DC
Co
n
v
e
rter
W
it
h
Iso
latio
n
:
In
tr
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
O
p
ti
m
ize
d
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
le
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
4
6
-
2
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
D.
W
.
Ha
rt,
"
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
"
T
a
ta
M
c
Gr
a
w
-
Hill
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
6
]
S
.
L
i,
W
.
Qi,
S
.
Tan
,
a
n
d
S
.
Y.
Hu
i,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
-
P
o
w
e
r
-
De
c
o
u
p
li
n
g
Co
n
tr
o
l
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
S
in
g
le
-
P
h
a
se
AC
-
to
-
DC Co
n
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
6
-
1
8
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
7
]
K.
C.
P
a
tel,
A
.
V
.
S
a
n
t,
a
n
d
M
.
H.
G
o
h
il
,
“
S
h
u
n
t
a
c
ti
v
e
f
il
teri
n
g
w
it
h
NA
RX
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
b
a
se
d
re
fe
re
n
c
e
c
u
rre
n
t
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
a
n
d
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
Dr
ive
Co
n
t
ro
l
(
I
CPE
DC),
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
8
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
8
]
M
.
S
h
a
rif
z
a
d
e
h
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
S
HM
-
S
HE
P
u
lse
-
Am
p
li
tu
d
e
M
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
Hig
h
-
P
o
w
e
r
F
o
u
r
-
L
e
g
In
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
7
2
3
4
-
7
2
4
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
9
]
H.
V
a
h
e
d
i,
A
.
A
.
S
h
o
jae
i,
L
.
De
s
sa
in
t,
a
n
d
K.
A
l
-
Ha
d
d
a
d
,
“
Re
d
u
c
e
d
DC
-
L
in
k
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Ac
ti
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
F
il
ter
Us
in
g
M
o
d
if
ied
P
UC
5
Co
n
v
e
rter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
3
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
9
4
3
-
9
4
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
S
.
S
.
Yi
e
t
a
l.
,
“
L
o
ss
m
in
i
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
DT
C
e
lec
tri
c
m
o
to
r
d
ri
v
e
s
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
A
N
N
stra
te
g
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Dr
ive
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
P
EDS
)
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
8
-
6
2
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[3
1
]
M
.
Ja
n
n
a
tu
l
f
e
rd
o
u
s,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
d
io
d
e
-
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
a
ss
isted
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
p
o
w
e
r
fa
c
to
r
c
o
rre
c
ted
b
o
o
st
-
bu
c
k
AC
-
DC co
n
v
e
rter,”
Ba
n
g
la
d
e
sh
Un
ive
rs
it
y
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
BUET
),
2
0
1
7
.
[3
2
]
N.
M
o
h
a
n
,
"
P
o
w
e
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
:
a
f
irst
c
o
u
rse
,"
W
il
e
y
,
2
0
1
1
.
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