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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2088
-
8708
I
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C
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g
,
Vo
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8
,
No
.
3
,
J
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n
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201
8
:
1
6
4
7
–
1653
1648
co
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s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
es
u
lt
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
last
l
y
,
Sectio
n
5
o
f
f
er
s
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
.
2.
B
I
ASI
N
G
M
E
T
H
O
DS
B
iasi
n
g
is
n
ee
d
ed
in
a
R
F/Mi
cr
o
w
av
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lifie
r
cir
cu
it
to
w
o
r
k
w
ith
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
t
h
e
DC
b
ias
co
n
d
it
io
n
o
f
th
e
R
F/Micr
o
w
a
v
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
estab
lis
h
ed
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
tl
y
o
f
t
h
e
R
F/Micr
o
w
a
v
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
e
ase
to
u
ti
lize
ar
e
th
e
p
r
in
cip
al
co
n
ce
r
n
s
w
h
e
n
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
a
b
ias
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
r
r
ec
tly
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
b
iasi
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
f
ee
d
an
a
m
p
l
if
ier
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
ese
ar
e:
a.
Fix
ed
b
ase
b
ias
b.
C
o
llecto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
c.
Du
al
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
d.
E
m
itter
-
b
ias
e.
E
m
itter
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
f.
Fix
ed
b
ias
w
it
h
e
m
itter
r
esis
to
r
g.
Vo
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
b
ias
Am
o
n
g
all
B
iasi
n
g
Me
th
o
d
s
o
f
m
icr
o
w
a
v
e
P
As,
t
h
e
C
o
lle
cto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
attr
ac
tiv
e
ca
n
d
id
ate
in
ter
m
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
cir
cu
it
s
i
m
p
lic
it
y
.
T
h
e
C
o
llecto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
d
esi
g
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
ier
at
1
.
8
0
GHz
.
T
y
p
ica
ll
y
,
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
b
iasi
n
g
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
w
ith
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
lo
s
s
es s
m
al
ler
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
i
t
h
o
th
er
Me
th
o
d
s
o
f
b
iasi
n
g
.
T
h
e
C
o
llecto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1.
I
n
th
i
s
ci
r
cu
it,
th
e
b
ase
r
e
s
is
to
r
(
R
B
)
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
llecto
r
an
d
t
h
e
b
ase
ter
m
i
n
als
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
T
h
is
s
i
g
n
i
f
ie
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
b
ase
v
o
ltag
e,
V
B
a
n
d
th
e
co
llecto
r
v
o
ltag
e,
V
C
ar
e
in
ter
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t o
w
i
n
g
to
th
e
f
ac
t th
at
(
1
)
:
B
c
B
B
V
V
I
R
(
1
)
Fro
m
th
ese
E
q
u
at
io
n
s
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
Q
-
p
o
in
t
(
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
o
in
t)
s
ta
y
s
f
ix
ed
r
eg
ar
d
les
s
o
f
th
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
in
t
h
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
en
t.
As
s
ee
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
b
ia
s
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
th
at
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
I
C
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
s
V
C
,
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lt
s
in
a
r
ed
u
ce
d
I
B
,
au
to
m
atica
l
l
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
I
C
.
(
I
I
)
R
C
C
B
C
C
C
VV
(
2
)
(
I
I
)
R
C
C
C
B
C
C
VV
(
3
)
No
te
th
at
:
CE
C
B
E
B
VV
VV
CB
EC
II
II
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
N
o
ve
l D
esig
n
o
f A
Micr
o
s
tr
i
p
Micr
o
w
a
ve
P
o
w
er
A
mp
lifi
er
fo
r
DC
S
A
p
p
lica
tio
n
u
s
in
g
…
(
A
min
e
R
a
ch
a
kh
)
1649
Fig
u
r
e
1.
C
o
llecto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias cir
cu
it
3.
CIRCU
I
T
D
E
S
I
G
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
A
is
d
es
ig
n
e
d
w
it
h
th
e
C
o
llecto
r
-
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
ias
a
s
il
lu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
a
m
p
li
f
ier
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
an
d
w
it
h
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
u
b
s
to
o
b
tain
a
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
p
o
w
er
g
ain
w
i
th
g
o
o
d
m
atc
h
in
g
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
an
d
h
i
g
h
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
er
.
A
s
el
f
-
b
iased
cir
cu
it
(
R
F
c
h
o
k
e)
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
a
h
ig
h
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
q
u
ar
ter
w
av
ele
n
g
t
h
lin
e
(
λ
/4
)
w
it
h
R
ad
ial
s
tu
b
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
ies
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
e
p
r
o
p
er
is
o
latio
n
at
d
esire
d
R
F
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
C
ap
ac
ito
r
s
C
in
a
n
d
C
o
u
t
at
in
p
u
t
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ta
g
e
is
f
o
r
DC
b
lo
ck
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
,
A
T
-
4
1
4
8
6
(
Si
B
J
T
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
)
d
ie
m
o
d
els
f
r
o
m
NP
N
w
it
h
4
-
ter
m
in
a
l
w
a
s
ch
o
s
e
n
as
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
d
ev
ice
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
P
A
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
is
to
r
o
f
f
e
r
s
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
u
p
to
1
0
GHz
,
m
ax
i
m
u
m
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
5
0
0
W
,
1
2
Vd
c
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
lta
g
e.
Fo
r
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
b
el
o
w
t
h
an
1
0
GHz
,
Si
B
J
T
is
a
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
d
ev
ice
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
B
iC
MO
S,
C
MO
S
o
r
Ga
A
s
d
u
e
to
lo
w
er
co
s
t
f
o
r
m
a
s
s
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
esig
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
n
P
C
u
s
in
g
A
g
i
len
t
's
A
d
v
a
n
ce
d
Desig
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
A
DS)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
Sch
e
m
atic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
w
av
e
a
m
p
li
f
i
er
T
h
is
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
l
if
ier
is
p
r
in
ted
o
n
an
FR
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
a
th
ick
n
es
s
o
f
1
.
6
mm
,
a
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
o
f
4
.
4
,
a
tan
g
e
n
tial
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
0
2
5
an
d
a
m
et
allizatio
n
t
h
ic
k
n
ess
t=0
.
0
3
5
m
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
p
li
f
ier
h
as
a
n
o
v
er
all
s
ize
o
f
ab
o
u
t
9
3
m
m
(
L
)
x
59
m
m
(
W
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
L
a
y
o
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
P
A
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
8
:
1
6
4
7
–
1653
1650
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
a
y
o
u
t o
f
t
h
e
v
al
id
ated
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ier
4.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE AN
AL
YS
I
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
w
av
e
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
lifie
r
o
p
er
atin
g
a
t
DC
S
b
an
d
.
I
t
w
as
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
b
ased
o
n
A
g
ile
n
t
'
s
A
d
v
a
n
ce
d
Desig
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
A
DS)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
Fro
m
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
As
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
am
p
li
f
ier
h
a
s
-
4
6
.
3
9
d
B
in
p
u
t
r
e
tu
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S1
1
)
an
d
-
2
9
.
8
9
8
d
B
o
u
tp
u
t r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
(
S2
2
)
at
1
.
8
0
GHz.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
lated
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
.
W
h
ile,
th
e
p
o
w
er
g
ai
n
(
S2
1
)
h
as
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
3
d
B
w
it
h
a
u
n
i
later
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
(
S1
2
)
less
th
a
n
-
1
9
.
5
d
B
in
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
u
n
ilater
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
(
S
1
2
)
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
q
u
an
ti
f
y
i
n
P
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
al
y
s
i
s
as
p
r
ac
ticall
y
s
o
m
e
s
i
g
n
al
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
ac
k
to
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
I
d
ea
ll
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
b
ac
k
r
ef
lect
io
n
)
.
T
h
is
u
n
w
an
ted
r
e
v
er
s
e
s
i
g
n
al
i
n
ter
f
er
es
w
i
th
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
s
ig
n
al
f
lo
w
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
w
ar
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
p
u
t
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
I
n
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
m
p
lif
ier
d
es
ig
n
,
t
h
e
in
p
u
t/o
u
tp
u
t
m
atc
h
in
g
s
ta
g
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
ea
s
il
y
allo
w
s
i
g
n
als
t
o
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
t
o
t
h
e
in
p
u
t.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
m
all
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s
ig
n
al
g
ai
n
(
S2
1
)
an
d
th
e
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n
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al
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an
s
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e
p
t.
2
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0
6
.
[4
]
M
.
J.
De
e
n
,
D.S
.
M
a
l
h
i,
Z
.
X.
Ya
n
a
n
d
R.
A
.
Ha
d
a
w
a
y
,
“
A
Ne
w
M
ix
e
r
Circu
it
Us
in
g
G
a
te
-
Co
n
tro
ll
e
d
L
P
N
P
BJT
”
,
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
1
9
9
5
.
I
S
CAS
'9
5
.
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
,
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e
a
tt
le
,
W
A
,
1
9
9
5
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
9
6
8
-
1
9
7
1
.
[5
]
A.
N
a
sri,
H.
Zairi,
A
.
G
h
a
rsa
ll
a
h
,
“
A
Co
m
p
a
c
t
S
I
W
M
ix
e
r
f
o
r
M
il
li
m
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ter
-
W
a
v
e
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
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),
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l.
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
,
p
p
.
9
0
2
-
9
0
8
.
[6
]
Na
m
-
Jin
Oh
,
“
A
S
in
g
le
-
S
tag
e
Lo
w
-
P
o
w
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r
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b
le
-
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lan
c
e
d
M
ix
e
r
M
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rg
e
d
w
it
h
L
N
A
a
n
d
V
CO
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
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c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
e
r E
n
g
i
n
e
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rin
g
(
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),
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l.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
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e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
1
5
9
.
[7
]
A
.
P
.
A
rrib
a
s
a
n
d
M
.
Krish
n
a
m
u
rth
y
,
“
S
iC
BJ
T
P
ro
p
o
rti
o
n
a
l
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se
Driv
e
r
W
it
h
Co
ll
e
c
t
or
-
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it
ter
V
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lt
a
g
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
a
nd
a
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
Re
g
u
lato
r
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sp
o
rta
ti
o
n
El
e
c
trif
ica
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Exp
o
(
IT
EC),
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
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a
rb
o
r
n
,
M
I,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
C.
Zh
a
o
,
H.
L
iu
,
Y.
W
u
a
n
d
K.
K
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
De
si
g
n
o
f
C
M
OS
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h
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se
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g
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in
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l.
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p
p
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5
0
0
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5
0
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2
,
2
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1
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.
[9
]
J.
Ko
e
t
a
l
.,
“
2
.
5
A
h
ig
h
-
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
m
u
lt
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n
d
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s
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f
o
r
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a
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
n
s
”
,
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
o
li
d
-
S
ta
te
Circ
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it
s
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fer
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n
c
e
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IS
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CC),
p
p
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4
0
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4
1
,
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a
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F
ra
n
c
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sc
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,
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,
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A
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
K.
B.
M
a
ji
,
R.
Ka
r,
D.
M
a
n
d
a
l
a
n
d
S
.
P
.
G
h
o
sh
a
l,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
De
si
g
n
Of
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
T
h
re
e
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S
ta
g
e
CM
OS
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p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
Am
p
li
f
ier
Us
in
g
S
i
m
p
lex
-
P
S
O
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
”
,
IEE
E
Reg
io
n
1
0
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
T
ENCON),
p
p
.
1
3
8
-
141
,
S
in
g
a
p
o
re
,
2
0
1
6
.
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2
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ra
n
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3
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.
L
i,
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Bil
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S
c
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T
.
P
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ig
a
n
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d
A
.
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in
k
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c
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s
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T
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n
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c
h
n
o
lo
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E
M
T
T
-
S
In
ter
n
a
t
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n
a
l
M
icr
o
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m (
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A
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p
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3
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4
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Hu
i
X
u
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im
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n
d
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n
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u
i
Hu
a
n
g
,
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sig
n
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f
X
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b
a
n
d
G
a
A
s
P
o
w
e
r
A
m
p
li
f
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e
r
”
,
IEE
E
6
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
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siu
m
o
n
M
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te
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T
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AP
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p
.
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2
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5
2
4
,
S
h
a
n
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5
.
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5
]
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Ch
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Ya
n
g
,
T
.
S
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iu
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n
d
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.
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sh
im
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su
,
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2
0
–
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0
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H
z
Hig
h
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in
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m
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OS
”
,
IEE
E
1
7
th
T
o
p
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l
M
e
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ti
n
g
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n
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ms
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p
.
8
8
-
9
0
,
P
h
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n
ix
,
A
Z,
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,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
6
]
R
.
W
u
,
Y.
L
i,
J.
L
o
p
e
z
a
n
d
D.Y.
C.
L
ie,
“
A
h
ig
h
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y
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ff
icie
n
t
wa
tt
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lev
e
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k
in
g
f
o
r
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a
p
p
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c
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ti
o
n
s
”
,
IEE
E
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p
o
l
a
r/Bi
CM
OS
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
M
e
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ti
n
g
(
BCT
M
),
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
P
o
rtl
a
n
d
,
OR,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
7
]
Y
.
L
i,
R.
W
u
,
J.
L
o
p
e
z
a
n
d
D.Y.
C.
L
ie,
“
A
h
ig
h
l
y
-
ef
f
icie
n
t
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OS
c
a
sc
o
d
e
Clas
s
-
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p
l
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g
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th
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ra
c
k
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ra
n
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r
Re
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in
g
f
o
r
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T
E
-
li
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A
p
p
li
c
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ti
o
n
s
”
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IEE
E
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p
o
la
r/Bi
CM
O
S
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
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y
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ti
n
g
,
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p
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2
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4
5
,
A
tl
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n
ta,
GA
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
Da
v
id
M
.
P
o
z
a
r,
“
M
icro
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a
v
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En
g
in
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”
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c
.
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1
9
9
8
.
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9
]
M
.
S
tee
r,
“
M
icr
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d
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sig
n
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0
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L
.
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a
n
,
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Qu
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,
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M
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s Co
mp
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s
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Reg
io
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p
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5
1
,
Ko
ta
Kin
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lu
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0
1
1
.
[2
2
]
H.
A
n
ik
tar,
H.
S
jo
lan
d
,
J.H.
M
i
k
k
e
ls
e
n
a
n
d
T
.
Lars
e
n
,
“
A
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s
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A
B
1
.
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Hz
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ro
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p
p
.
2
6
9
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7
2
,
N
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s.
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