Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
4
800
~
4
80
9
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
4
800
-
48
09
4800
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Robust Mu
lti
-
Ob
jec
ti
ve Cont
ro
l
of P
owe
r Syst
em S
tabilizer Usin
g
Mixed H
2
/H
∞
and
µ A
n
alysis
Javad
M
as
h
ayekhi
Far
d
Depa
rtment
o
f
E
le
c
tri
c
al E
ngin
eering,
Sab
ze
v
ar
B
ran
ch, I
slamic
A
za
d
Univ
ersity
,
I
ran
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
J
an
20
, 2
01
8
Re
vised
Ju
l
2
2
,
201
8
Accepte
d
Aug
10
, 201
8
In
orde
r
to
stu
d
y
th
e
d
y
namic
stabi
lit
y
of
th
e
s
y
st
em,
havi
n
g
a
pre
c
is
e
d
y
nami
c
m
odel
inc
lud
ing
th
e
ene
rg
y
g
ene
r
at
i
on
unit
s
such
a
s
gene
ra
tors,
exc
i
ta
t
ion
s
y
ste
m
and
turbi
ne
is
nec
essar
y
.
The
ai
m
of
thi
s
pape
r
is
to
design
a
power
stab
il
i
z
er
for
Mashhad
power
pla
nt
an
d
assess
it
s
eff
e
ct
s
on
the
el
e
ct
rom
ec
h
ani
c
al
f
luc
tu
at
ions.
Due
to
lack
of
ce
r
ta
in
t
y
in
the
s
y
st
em
,
designi
ng
an
o
pti
m
iz
ed
robust
cont
rol
le
r
is
cru
cial.
In
thi
s
pape
r,
th
e
esta
bli
shm
ent
of
bal
ance
bet
w
een
the
nom
ina
l
and
robust
per
f
orm
anc
e
is
done
b
y
the
w
e
ight
fun
ct
ions.
I
n
the
fre
qu
enc
i
e
s
where
th
e
un
c
ert
a
inty
is
high,
in
orde
r
t
o
ac
hie
v
e
to
th
e
robust
per
form
anc
e
of
the
c
ontrol
ler,
µ
ana
l
y
sis
is
m
or
e
profound,
ot
her
wise,
in
ord
er
to
ac
hi
eve
t
o
nom
ina
l
per
form
anc
e
,
ro
bust
stabi
l
ity
,
n
oise
red
u
ct
ion
a
nd
dec
r
ea
se
of
cont
rolling
signal
,
the
impa
ct
of
th
e
cont
ro
l
le
r
H
2
/H
∞
is
m
ore
profound.
Th
e
result
s
of
the
sim
ula
ti
on
studie
s
rep
rese
n
t
the
adva
n
ta
ge
s
and
eff
ec
ti
v
e
ness
of
the
suggested
m
et
ho
d.
Ke
yw
or
d:
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
Co
ntr
oller
LMI
Mult
i
-
Objecti
ve
Co
ntro
l
Power Sy
ste
m
Stabil
iz
er
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Java
d
Ma
s
hayekh
i
Far
d,
Dep
a
rt
m
ent o
f El
ect
rical
En
gi
neer
i
ng,
Islamic
Az
ad
Un
ive
rsit
y
,
Siadati
Bl
v,
Sa
bzev
a
r, I
ran.
Em
a
il
:
m
ashayekh
i
@iaus.a
c.i
r
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
The
op
e
rati
on
of
t
he
po
wer
s
yst
e
m
is
us
ually
lim
it
ed
to
the
bo
unda
ries
of
t
he
dy
nam
i
c
sta
bili
ty,
wh
ic
h
is fa
r
f
r
om
the li
m
it
s o
f
therm
al
stability
. N
ow
a
days,
to
i
m
pr
ove the
att
enu
at
io
n
of
the o
sci
ll
at
ion
s
w
it
h
low
f
reque
ncie
s,
in
m
os
t
case
s,
powe
r
syst
em
sta
bi
li
zers
(P
SS)
a
re
wide
ly
us
ed
in
po
we
r
syst
e
m
s.
Design
in
g
a
pro
pe
r
sta
bili
zer
c
ou
l
d
decre
ase
the
lim
it
a
ti
on
s
due
t
o
dynam
ic
issues
a
nd
he
lp
t
he
sy
stem
to
get
cl
ose
r
t
o
it
s
no
m
inal
ca
pacit
y.
These
s
ta
bili
zers
are
usual
ly
desig
ne
d
acco
r
ding
to
the
sin
gle
m
a
ch
ine,
i
nf
i
nite
bu
s
of
the
syst
e
m
in
a
def
init
e
w
orki
ng
po
i
nt.
The
r
efore,
it
is
po
s
sible
that
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
syst
e
m
to
be
threate
n
by
changes
in
the
par
am
et
ers
or
eq
uili
br
iu
m
po
ints
of
th
e
syst
e
m
.
In
this
pap
er
,
the
s
yst
e
m
s
ta
bili
ty,
in
the
oth
e
r
wor
ds
th
e
sta
bili
ty
of
powe
r
syst
e
m
’s
abili
ty
against
the
change
of
par
am
et
ers
are
check
e
d.
As
a
resu
lt
,
three
m
ai
n
co
ntr
olli
ng
goal
s
will
be
ob
ta
i
ned
:
stre
ng
t
he
ning
t
he
cl
ose
d
l
oop
syst
em
,
lowe
r
cost
de
sign
i
ng
strat
egies
an
d
im
pr
ov
in
g
the
transie
nt
respo
nse
.
H
2
con
t
ro
l
is
us
ed
in
the
tr
ansient
sta
ge
f
or
prese
ntin
g
a
fast
dynam
ic
resp
onse
to
m
ini
m
i
ze
the
res
ponse
energy
of
t
he
i
m
pu
lse
.
Whi
le
H
∞
con
tr
ol
is
us
ed
in
t
he
sta
ble
sta
ge
f
or
re
du
ct
ion
in
the
di
sturbance
an
d
protect
ing
agai
ns
t
trac
king;
wh
ic
h
in
tur
n
wou
ld
guara
nt
ee
the
rob
us
t
sta
bili
ty.
In
or
der
to
a
chieve
to
opti
m
al
per
form
ance,
ta
kin
g
int
o
account
the
eff
ect
of
uncert
ai
nty
durin
g
syst
em
desig
n
per
i
od
is
require
d
.
But
on
the
ot
her
ha
nd
it
can
le
ad
t
o
se
ve
re
rest
rict
ion
s
on
th
e
con
t
ro
ll
er
t
hat
so
m
et
i
m
es
m
a
kes
it
an
in
feas
ible
pro
blem
.
So
far
,
va
rio
us
stud
ie
s
ha
ve
be
en
co
nduc
te
d
on
t
he
sta
bili
ty
an
d
c
ontr
olli
ng
of po
wer sy
ste
m
s.
The
first
f
or
m
ulati
on
of
the
H
∞
con
t
ro
l
pro
blem
was
per
f
or
m
ed
in
1981
by
Za
m
es.
To
date,
la
rge
nu
m
ber
s
of
re
s
earches
ha
ve
be
en
perform
ed
f
or
stu
dy
of
t
he
rob
us
t
co
nt
ro
l,
the
H
2
c
on
trol
a
nd
H
∞
c
ontr
ol.
Do
yl
e
ha
s
ana
ly
zed
the
sta
te
sp
ace
by
us
i
ng
H
∞
a
nd
H
2
s
ta
nd
a
rd
form
a
nd
it
’s
so
l
ving
.
The
c
onditi
ons
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ro
bu
st
Multi
-
Ob
je
ct
iv
e Co
nt
ro
l
of Po
we
r
Syst
em Sta
bili
zer
Usi
ng Mixe
d
...
(
J
avad
M
asha
yek
hi F
ard)
4801
so
lvi
ng
pro
ble
m
and
it
s
so
l
ut
ion
us
in
g
Ham
il
ton
ia
n
m
at
rix
introd
uction
a
re
the
highli
gh
ts
of
t
his
pa
pe
r
[
1].
Also
D
oyle
as
well
as
a
tuto
ri
al
ov
e
rv
ie
w
in
the
f
racti
on
al
l
inear
tra
nsfo
r
m
at
ion
s
(LFT
s
)
an
d
the
val
ue
of
t
he
un
i
qu
e
struct
ure,
μ,
a
nd
li
nea
r
m
at
rix
inequal
it
ie
s
(LMIs)
in
the
s
olu
ti
on
of
L
FT
prob
l
e
m
s
has
offe
re
d
[
2].
H
2
/H
∞
,
we
re
com
bin
ed
by
Rotea
in
this
way,
two
i
m
po
rta
nt
approac
hes
wer
e
s
uggeste
d,
1)
optim
al
c
on
t
ro
l
lim
it
of
H
2
an
d
H
∞
(
act
ually
con
st
raine
d
opti
m
iz
at
ion
),
an
d
2)
at
the
sam
e
tim
e
op
tim
a
l
c
on
t
ro
l
of
H
2
/H
∞
[3
]
.
Lanz
on
in
his
PHD
thesis
ch
oo
s
e
s
the
wei
ght
f
unct
ion
s
in
μ
a
nd
H
∞
desi
gn
[
4
]
.
Ma
ny
of
the
po
wer
sta
bi
li
zers
pro
po
se
d
f
or
s
yst
e
m
s
of
the
sing
le
m
achine
are
not
able
to
res
olv
e
t
he
interact
io
n
pro
blem
s;
wh
il
e
s
om
e
of
the
m
ult
i
var
ia
ble
sta
bili
zers
are
al
so
la
cking
s
uitable
r
obus
t
sta
bili
ty
.
Stud
ie
s
on
the
sta
bili
ty
are
m
os
tly
cond
ucted
on
t
wo
tra
ns
ie
nt
a
nd
ste
a
dy
sta
te
s.
At
op
e
rati
on
c
onditi
on,
a
po
wer
syst
em
is
i
n
it
s
per
m
anent
sta
te
[5
]
.
Wh
e
n
perform
ance
is
in
the
per
m
anent
sta
te
,
if
a
su
dd
e
n
c
hange
ha
pp
e
ns,
the
sy
stem
will
go
towa
r
d
the d
ist
urbance
.
In
vestigat
io
n
of
the
cl
assic
sta
bili
ty
[5
]
,
t
he
opti
m
iz
at
io
n
m
e
tho
d
with
the
help
of
pa
reto
m
ulti
-
obj
ect
ive
[
6],
t
he
m
et
ho
d
of
a
dap
ti
ve
c
on
tr
ol
[
7],
the
no
nlin
ear
c
on
tr
oller
[
8],
us
in
g
the
pa
ram
et
ers
est
i
m
at
ion
[9
]
,
rob
us
t
c
ontrolle
r
H2
/
H
∞
[10],
the
pole
pla
cem
ent
and
ap
plica
ti
on
of
the
li
near
m
a
trix
ine
qual
it
y
[11],
fu
zzy
a
nd
Neural
net
wor
k
c
ontr
ol
[
12
]
,
an
d
Ev
olu
ti
ona
ry
al
gorithm
[1
3]
are
am
ong
t
he
w
orks
w
hich
ha
d
been
done
.
T
he
prob
le
m
of
cl
os
e
d
-
lo
op
ide
nt
ific
at
ion
of
t
he
Heffr
on
-
P
hill
ips
m
od
el
par
a
m
et
ers
is
of
pr
act
ic
al
i
m
po
rtance
si
nc
e
the
data
us
e
d
f
or
i
den
ti
fica
ti
on
can
be
gat
her
e
d
wh
e
n
th
e
m
achine
is
norm
al
ly
con
ne
ct
ed
to
the
powe
r
syst
e
m
[1
4].
I
n
this
pa
per,
at
first
the
po
we
r
syst
e
m
was
m
od
el
ed.
The
n,
the
pro
blem
was
introd
uced.
I
n
this
pa
per,
at
f
irst,
H
2
/H
∞
c
ontrolle
r
was
i
nvest
igate
d
with
a
ne
w
insi
gh
t
al
ong
with
the
ne
w
con
t
ro
ll
er,
µ
;
and
t
hen
t
hese
two
diff
e
re
nt
con
t
ro
ll
ers
w
ere
com
bin
ed
via
the
use
of
the
weig
ht
m
at
rices.
So
lvi
ng
this
pr
ob
le
m
would
be
possible
by
ap
plica
ti
on
of
the
li
nea
r
m
at
rix
i
nequali
ty
.
The
res
ults
in
dicat
e
that,
the
go
al
s
of
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
com
bin
at
ion
,
including
el
im
inati
on
of
t
he
pe
rturbati
on
eff
ect
,
redu
ci
ng
the
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
si
gnal
a
nd
acco
unti
ng
f
or
the
uncertai
nty
duri
ng
the
syst
em
’
s
f
un
ct
i
on
al
it
y
in
vestigat
io
n,
we
re
pro
per
ly
reali
z
ed.
2.
POWER
S
YST
EM MODE
LL
ING
The
sta
bili
zers
of
the
power
syst
e
m
s
are
de
sign
e
d
with
t
he
ai
m
of
im
pr
ov
in
g
th
e
at
te
nu
at
ion
of
the
low
f
re
qu
e
ncy
os
ci
ll
at
ion
s
of
the
syst
e
m
,
based
on
the
si
ng
l
e
m
achine,
in
finite
bus
m
od
el
.
The
powe
r
syst
e
m
sta
bili
zer
is
a
t
rad
it
io
nal
and
econom
ic
con
trolle
r
w
hose
ai
m
is
to
increas
e
the
dynam
ic
sta
bili
ty
of
the
powe
r
syst
e
m
.
By
creati
ng
the
da
m
pin
g
el
ect
rical
torque,
the
sta
bili
zer
of
the
po
wer
sys
tem
will
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
dev
ia
ti
ons
of
t
he
ro
t
or
s
r
otati
on
s
.
The
m
entio
ne
d
eq
ui
pm
ent
al
so
op
ti
m
izes
an
d
tu
nes
t
he
excit
in
g
volt
age,
by
creati
ng
t
he
s
ui
ta
ble
vo
lt
age
.
The
power
pla
nt
of
Ma
shha
d
ci
ty
is
locat
ed
at
the
east
ern
pa
rt
of
t
he
ci
ty
at
th
e
beg
i
nn
i
ng
of
S
arakhs
B
oule
va
rd.
T
his
is
t
he
old
e
st
po
wer
plant
of
Khorasan
pro
vin
ce
and
ha
s
8
el
ec
tric
ity
gen
e
rati
ng
unit
s,
4
of
them
are
wor
king
wit
h
ste
a
m
and
the
oth
e
r
4
ones
a
r
e
gase
ous.
The
ste
a
m
un
it
s
co
ns
ist
of
tw
o
ELI
N
a
nd
tw
o
S
KOD
A
unit
s,
an
d
th
e
gaseous
unit
s
include
tw
o
BB
C
un
it
s
and
two
ALSTO
M
un
it
s.
This
powe
r
pl
ant
was
est
abli
s
he
d
in
1964
and
sta
rte
d
it
s
work
in
1968
.
The
excit
in
g
syst
e
m
of
ALS
TOM
gase
ou
s
unit
s
of
the
po
wer
pla
nt
of
Ma
s
hhad
are
cl
assifi
ed
a
s
the
sta
ti
c
ty
pe.
Feedi
ng
of
s
uch
e
xciti
ng
syst
e
m
is
done
via
powe
r
vo
lt
age
trans
form
er
and
th
ree
c
urrent
transfo
rm
ers
[15]
with
t
he
capa
bili
ty
of
bein
g
sat
ur
at
ed
.
T
he
con
t
ro
ll
er
par
t
of
t
he
sti
m
ulatio
n
syst
em
of
ALS
T
OM
gas
eous
unit
s
incl
ud
e
s
3
m
ai
n
con
t
ro
l
m
od
ules.
By
el
i
m
inati
on
of
t
he
th
ree
c
on
tr
olli
ng
m
odules,
in
order
t
o
at
te
nu
at
e
the
osc
il
la
ti
on
s,
the
pow
e
r
syst
e
m
sta
bil
izer
s
c
ou
l
d
be
a
pp
li
ed
.
In
stu
dy
ing
the
dyna
m
ic
sta
bili
t
y
of
the
po
wer
ne
tworks
,
a
nd
al
s
o
in
the
cases
w
her
e
t
he
changes
a
nd
disturba
nces
of
t
he
net
work
are
m
ai
nly
pa
rtia
l
and
slo
w,
the
li
near
generato
r
m
od
el
cou
ld
be
e
m
plo
ye
d.
I
n
orde
r
to
co
nsi
der
a
sync
hrono
us
ge
ne
rator,
we
use
3
r
d
orde
r
sync
hro
no
us
gen
e
rato
r
m
odel
call
ed
He
ffr
on
-
P
hili
ps
m
odel
[
11]
. T
his m
od
el
c
onta
ins
3 st
at
e v
aria
bles
:
∆ω
r
, ∆δ, ∆E
q
.
Con
si
der
i
ng
th
e
excit
er
m
od
el
will
le
ad
to
t
he
intr
oductio
n
of
the
f
ourth
sta
te
var
ia
ble
∆E
b
.
In
t
hi
s
m
od
el
,
governing
differe
ntial
equ
at
io
ns
a
re
li
n
ear
ar
ound
operati
ng
point.
Fig
ure
1
s
hows
bl
ock
-
dia
gra
m
of
li
near
m
od
e
of
Heffr
on
-
P
hill
ips
m
od
el
al
on
g
with
excit
er
and
AV
R
Re
gardin
g
the
ge
ner
at
or
pa
ra
m
et
ers
Hefron
-
Ph
il
ips
co
e
ff
ic
ie
nts c
ould
be o
btaine
d
by (1) [
16]
:
t
d
e
q
e
b
t
d
e
d
t
e
q
d
e
e
d
b
d
e
d
d
q
d
e
e
q
b
d
e
d
q
e
q
V
X
X
E
X
K
in
E
V
X
X
X
V
X
X
X
X
X
X
K
in
E
X
X
X
X
K
i
X
X
X
X
K
in
E
X
X
X
X
X
X
)
(
,
s
)
(
)
(
c
o
s
X
E
-
=
K
,
s
,
,
s
c
o
s
E
E
=
K
6
q
b
5
3
4
2
q
b
1
(
1)
Stat
e sp
ace
of
equ
at
io
n o
f
F
i
gure
1 sh
ows i
n (2).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4
800
-
4809
4802
0
T
K
0
0
0
0
H
2
1
0
B
,
T
1
T
K
K
T
K
K
0
T
1
K
T
1
T
K
0
0
0
0
0
H
2
K
H
2
K
H
2
K
A
,
T
V
u
,
E
E
x
,
Cx
y
Bu
Ax
x
A
A
A
A
6
A
A
5
A
d
3
d
d
4
b
2
1
D
m
r
e
f
b
q
r
o
o
o
(2)
Figure
1. He
ffr
on
-
P
hill
ips m
od
el
3.
PROBLE
M
S
TATE
MENT
3.1.
H
2
/H
∞
Contr
oller
Existence
of
uncertai
nty
crea
te
d
du
e
to
an
un
ce
rtai
n
an
d
err
at
ic
input
(n
oise
an
d
dist
urba
nce)
a
nd
Un
-
m
od
el
ed
dy
nam
ic
cannot
be
descr
i
bed
com
plete
ly
an
d
preci
sel
y
as
a
true
syst
em
by
a
m
at
he
m
at
ic
al
m
od
el
ing
.
On
the
ot
her
ha
nd,
a
true
syst
em
sh
oul
d
co
ntain
the
f
ollo
wing
i
m
po
rtant
obj
e
ct
s:
robu
st
sta
bi
li
t
y,
rob
us
t
an
d
nom
inal
per
f
or
m
ance,
set
tl
in
g
tim
e,
m
axi
m
u
m
ov
er
sho
ot
an
d
et
c
w
hic
h
try
to
gain
these
obj
ect
ives
of
t
he
c
ontrolli
ng
pro
blem
[4
]
.
T
he
ty
pe
of
unc
ertai
nty
is
a
no
t
her
im
po
rtant
factor
in
the
s
yst
e
m
analy
sis.
Co
ns
i
der ad
diti
ve unc
ertai
nty sh
own
in
F
ig
ure
3.
Fig
ure
2.
Δ
M
Mode
l
Fig
ure
3. A
ddit
ive unce
rtai
nty
Obj
ec
tive 1
: i
f
0
then
1
FS
(
no
m
inal per
form
ance).
1
)
(
GK
I
S
(S
is se
ns
it
ivit
y functi
on).
Obj
ec
tive 2
: i
f
0
then
syst
em
is
r
obus
t st
a
bili
t
y.
K
KG
I
M
1
)
(
,
1
)
(
)
(
))
(
(
M
S
j
j
if
(
3)
Obj
ec
tive
3
:
n
is
wh
it
e
no
ise
with
one
PSD
(power
sp
ect
ra
l
den
sit
y).
H
2
norm
,
caused
du
e
to
decr
ease
in
the
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
si
gnal
.
1
2
1
H
nU
RT
(
T
o
m
inim
iz
e
U
1
va
rian
ce
with
noise
i
nput)
.
F
(s),
R
(
s)
a
nd
γ
(s)
a
re
wei
gh
ti
ng
functi
on)
from
Pa
rse
val equat
i
on and
obj
ect
i
ve 3
.
The
n we
hav
e
th
ree tas
ks f
or
co
ntr
oller
d
esi
gn
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ro
bu
st
Multi
-
Ob
je
ct
iv
e Co
nt
ro
l
of Po
we
r
Syst
em Sta
bili
zer
Usi
ng Mixe
d
...
(
J
avad
M
asha
yek
hi F
ard)
4803
(
1
FS
,
1
M
)
S
(
,
1
T
1
nU
),
s
uc
h
t
hat,
1
)
G
,
K
(
1
RT
)
G
,
K
(
M
)
G
,
K
(
FS
nU
(4
)
Pr
oble
m
(4
)
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
4.
Rotea
a
nd
Do
yl
e
offe
r
two
oth
e
r
m
et
h
od
s
for
s
olv
e
t
his
pro
blem
.
[1
]
-
[
3].
A
la
rge
cl
ass
of
syst
e
m
with
un
ce
r
ta
inty
can
be
treat
ed
as
LF
T
(Linea
r
fr
a
ct
io
nal
Tra
ns
f
or
m
at
ion
)
.
LFT m
od
e
l i
s s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
3
. W
: t
he
disturba
nce sig
nal
s to
the syst
e
m
w
hich won’t be a fu
nctio
n
of stat
es
of
syst
em
,
Z:
the
var
ia
ble
tha
t
will
be
co
ntr
ol
le
d,
P:
t
he
no
m
inal
op
e
n
l
oop
syst
em
,
Y:
th
e
syst
em
m
easur
a
ble
ou
t
pu
t.
To
tra
ns
f
or
m
the
cha
ng
e
d
diag
ram
of
F
i
gure
4
to
the
LFT
m
od
e
l,
we
will
wr
it
e
the
pro
blem
in
the
sta
nd
a
rd
for
m
,
and
t
hen
so
l
ve
it
by
us
in
g
of Ri
ccat
i
equ
at
io
n
[
17]
.
The
(
4)
LFT
m
od
el
is
pr
act
ic
able
in
F
igure
5
a
nd can
b
e
used t
o desig
n
a
contr
oller. S
ta
te
sp
ace
of
F
ig
ur
e
5 is w
ritt
en
in (5
).
1
nU
3
2
1
22
21
2
12
11
1
2
1
RT
M
FS
Z
Z
Z
Z
u
D
W
D
x
C
y
u
D
W
D
x
C
z
u
B
W
B
Ax
x
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
00
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
T
f
ff
ff
f
W
RR
RR
R
CL
ff
R
A
BB
xx
B
C
A
B
B
D
B
D
xx
f
r
n
u
xx
B
A
xx
BB
A
A
BB
D
C
C
z
z
C
z
C
y
C
C
1
2
00
0
1
T
f
f
f
f
RR
W
R
CL
x
D
D
D
D
D
x
D
r
n
u
x
DD
x
DD
D
C
(5)
Determ
ining
th
ree
wei
gh
t
fun
ct
ion
s,
s
pecifie
d
in
F
ig
ur
e.
4,
con
ta
in
sp
eci
al
i
m
po
rtance
.
U
sing
rob
us
t
op
ti
m
al
stat
e feed
bac
k
m
et
hod for
(4)
e
qu
at
i
on
s
.
Fig
ure
4. LFT
Mod
el
Fig
ure
5.
Gr
a
phic
al
m
od
el
o
f
pro
blem
(
4)
3.2.
µ C
on
tr
oller
Her
e
we
try
to
assess
r
obus
t
perform
ance
of
this
cl
os
e
d
-
l
oop
syst
em
by
us
in
g
µ
-
a
naly
sis.
Robust
perform
ance co
ndit
ion i
s e
quivale
nt to
the
f
ollow
i
ng str
uctur
e
d
si
ngular
val
ue
µ te
st [
2].
1
(
,
)
(
)
w
z
P
T
M
M
W
(6)
The
c
om
plex
s
tructu
red
sin
gu
la
r
valu
e
()
M
is
de
fine
d
as
1
()
m
in
(
)
d
e
t(
)
0
M
IM
Lo
w
er
an
d
Uppe
r bon
d of
µ can be
sho
w
n
to
b
e
1
(
)
(
)
m
in
(
)
P
U
M
M
D
M
D
.
3.2.1.
D
-
K iter
at
i
on
Unfortu
natel
y,
it
is
no
t
know
n
ho
w
to
obta
in
a
co
ntr
oller’
s
achievi
ng
pat
h
directl
y
to
th
e
structu
re
d
singular
val
ue
te
st.
But
we
can
obta
in
the
lowe
r
an
d
up
pe
r
boun
ds
of
µ.
This
m
e
tho
d
t
aken
her
e
is
th
e
so
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4
800
-
4809
4804
cal
le
d
D
-
K
it
er
at
ion
pro
ced
ure.
The
D
-
K
it
erati
o
n
i
nvolv
e
s
a
sequ
e
nce
of
m
ini
m
iz
ations
ov
e
r
ei
ther
K
or
D
wh
il
e
holdi
ng
the
oth
e
r
fix
ed,
unti
l
a
sat
isfact
or
y
co
ntr
oller
is
const
r
ucted.
First,
f
or
D
=
I
fixe
d,
th
e
con
t
ro
ll
er
K
is
synthesiz
ed
us
i
ng
t
he
well
-
kn
own
sta
te
-
s
pac
e
H
∞
,
op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
on
m
et
ho
d.
L
FT
f
or
m
of
F
i
gure
3
is wr
it
te
n
i
n
e
quat
ions (
7) [1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
U
W
P
D
I
I
D
I
I
I
0
0
x
C
C
0
y
z
q
,
U
W
P
]
B
0
0
[
Ax
x
(
7)
3.3.
New a
ppr
oa
c
h:
H
2
/H
∞
,
μ
com
bina
tion
Now,
we
te
nd
to
synthesiz
e
two
c
ollec
tors
acco
rd
i
ng
to
F
ig
ure
6.
As
m
entione
d
befor
e
,
th
e
avail
abili
ty
of
rob
us
t
perform
ance
causes
e
xt
rem
e
lim
i
ta
ti
on
on
the
co
ntr
oller,
w
hich
s
om
et
i
m
es
pr
eve
nts
it
from
reaching
a
possible
c
on
diti
on
.
Als
o,
a
vaila
bili
ty
of
nom
inal
per
f
orm
ance
m
eans
consi
der
i
ng
op
erati
on
without
unce
r
ta
inty
,
and
it
is usual
that
the
e
ssence o
f
unce
rtai
nty
has
deci
sive
ef
fect
on
the
ope
rati
on.
S
o,
w
e
te
nd
to
balance
betwee
n
r
obust
and
nom
inal
perform
ance.
W
1
an
d
W
2
a
re
weig
ht
functi
ons.
Hav
i
ng
t
his
data
,
we
ca
n
determ
ine
w
hich
f
requen
ci
es
ha
ve
m
or
e
un
ce
rtai
nt
y
eff
ect
,
with
reg
a
rd
to
t
he
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
e
ff
ect
of
μ
.
Of
c
ourse,
it
is
of
im
po
rta
nce
to
m
ention
that
r
obus
t
perform
ance
con
ta
in
s
nom
inal
per
f
orm
ance,
so
,
con
t
ro
ll
er
coe
f
fici
ent of
μ
s
ho
uld
be sm
aller th
an H
2
/H
∞
c
ontr
oller co
ef
fici
ent.
Problem
1
:
De
te
rm
ine
W
1
a
nd
W
2
, i
n
a
way
that an
addit
iv
e uncertai
nty s
yst
e
m
co
ntains
robust sta
bili
t
y.
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
(
)
(
)
1
M
W
K
G
W
K
G
I
W
K
W
K
M
(8)
Fig
ure
6. Co
ntr
oller
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
3.3.1.
Robus
t opt
im
al sta
te f
ee
db
ac
k wi
th
H
2
/H
∞
,
μ
co
m
bina
tio
n
We
now
at
te
m
pt
to
fo
ll
ow
the
a
naly
sis
of
t
he
c
onditi
on
i
ng
of
the
po
le
placem
ent
prob
le
m
.
Re
searche
rs
s
how
n
a num
ber
of
r
ob
us
t
pe
rfo
rm
ance
ind
ic
es
have
bee
n
c
on
sidere
d
in opti
m
iz
at
ion
appr
oa
ches
for
c
on
t
ro
l
syst
e
m
desig
n
[1
8
].
I
n
r
obus
t
c
ontrol
us
in
g
H
∞
optim
iz
at
ion
,
th
e
obje
ct
ives
a
r
e
ex
pr
es
sed
i
n
te
rm
s
of the
H
∞
-
nor
m
o
f
trans
fer f
un
ct
io
ns.
On
e
of the
obj
ect
iv
es is the
f
ollowi
ng
:
KS
S
s
u
p
m
i
n
K
,
w
her
e
11
[
(
)
]
S
I
j
I
A
B
K
.
I
n
th
is
pap
e
r
we
a
s
su
m
e
that
the
sta
te
of
the
ge
ner
al
iz
ed
plant
G
is
avai
la
ble
for
fee
db
ack.
T
o
be
m
or
e
preci
se
le
t
a
sta
te
-
sp
ace
de
scriptio
n
of
P
(
fig
ur
e
3)
is
give
n
by
(LFT
Mo
del):
1
1
2
2
()
W
W
x
A
X
B
U
B
W
YX
U
KX
x
A
B
W
K
B
W
K
X
B
W
(
9)
The
sig
nal
W
denotes
dist
urban
ce
.
Th
e
sig
nals
U
a
nd
Y
denote
the
c
ontrol
input
an
d
t
he
m
easur
ed
ou
t
pu
t,
resp
ect
ively
.
Nex
t
to
gaining
K
1
by
H
2
/H
∞
and
K
2
by
μ
analy
sis,
we
te
nd
t
o
determ
ine
weig
ht
functi
ons, usi
ng li
nea
r
m
at
rix
ineq
ualit
y.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ro
bu
st
Multi
-
Ob
je
ct
iv
e Co
nt
ro
l
of Po
we
r
Syst
em Sta
bili
zer
Usi
ng Mixe
d
...
(
J
avad
M
asha
yek
hi F
ard)
4805
Le
mma
1:
(bo
unde
d
-
real
le
m
m
a)
giv
en
a
const
ant
0
,
for
syst
e
m
,
M(s)
=
(A,
B,
C)
th
e
fo
ll
owin
g
t
w
o
sta
tem
ents
are
eq
uiv
al
e
nt,
1)
this
syst
em
i
s
sta
ble
)
(
s
M
,
2)
there
exists
a
s
ymm
et
ric
po
si
ti
ve
d
efi
nite m
a
trix Q
,
su
c
h
t
hat: [
19
]
1
1
0
0
TT
q
TT
pq
qq
A
Q
QA
QB
C
p
B
Q
I
D
C
D
I
Q
(10)
Le
mma
2:
Co
nsi
der
the
fee
dback
syst
e
m
of
Figure.
3,
w
he
r
e
G
is
giv
en
by
(9
).
T
hen,
a
giv
e
n
co
ntro
ll
e
r
K
is
adm
issi
ble
and
cl
os
e
lo
op
s
yst
e
m
is
ro
bu
st
sta
bili
ty
an
d
desi
red
perf
or
m
ance
if
an
d
only
if
ther
e
exists
12
W
a
n
d
W
so
l
ving the
foll
ow
in
g LM
I p
r
ob
le
m
:
1
2
1
2
12
0
0
,
0
,
0
T
T
T
T
W
T
W
A
B
Y
B
Y
Y
B
Y
B
A
B
C
B
I
D
C
D
I
YY
Wh
e
re,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
.
,
W
Y
K
W
Y
K
12
K
a
n
d
K
Desig
n
with
eq
uations
5
an
d
7
a
nd
con
tr
oller
ach
ie
ve
s
1
1
2
2
K
W
K
W
K
.
Lem
m
a 2
, it he
lps to
so
l
ve of
pro
blem
1
. Mashayek
hifa
rd et al
.
prese
nted
Robust
m
ulti
-
ob
j
ect
iv
e stat
ic
o
ut
pu
t
feedbac
k wit
h
H
2
/H
∞
,
μ
c
om
bin
at
ion
[
20
]
.
4.
METHO
DOL
OGY
a.
To
de
sig
n
the
H
2
/H
∞
f
or
the
process
with
uncertai
nty.
(
It
helps
to
sel
ect
the
weig
htin
g
f
un
ct
io
n
pro
perl
y).
Fo
r
H
2
/H
∞
des
ign
can
us
e
Ro
te
a
and
D
oyle
m
et
ho
d.
([3],
[
8])
or
us
e
1
)
,
(
)
,
(
)
,
(
G
K
RT
G
K
M
G
K
FS
and
obta
ined
1
K
.
Fo
r
,
F
a
n
d
R
we
us
e
in
ver
se
se
ns
it
ivit
y
fu
nctio
n.
Or
us
e
A
uto
m
at
i
c
W
ei
gh
t
Sele
ct
ion
Algo
rith
m
[4
]
,
[21].
b.
To
de
sig
n
the
µ
con
tr
oller
f
or
the
pr
ocess
with
uncertai
nt
y
(if
the
proc
ess
is
un
sta
ble
,
at
first
m
us
t
be
sta
bili
ze).
D
-
K
it
erati
on
m
e
tho
d
ca
n
be
us
e
d
to
i
m
pr
ove
th
e
perform
ance
of
the
c
ontroll
er
desi
gn
for
the
syst
e
m
. P
eak
va
lue of t
he
µ
(
D
-
K
it
erati
on)
bound sh
ould
be
le
ss t
han on
e,
an
d o
btaine
d
2
K
.
c.
Order re
duct
io
n
m
et
ho
d
ca
n b
e u
se
d
t
o
re
duc
e the
order o
f
t
he
12
K
,
K
.
d.
12
,
WW
are
giv
e
n wit
h LM
I (12
)
the
n
the
rob
us
t st
ab
il
ity of
t
he
syst
e
m
h
as to
b
e
es
t
ablished
.
e.
H
in
finity
norm
o
f
2
W
m
us
t be s
m
al
le
r
than
1
W
.
f.
1
1
2
2
K
W
K
W
K
.
This c
on
t
ro
ll
er
(
K
) has
r
obus
t
stabil
it
y and
de
sired pe
rfor
m
ance.
5.
RESU
LT
S
O
F SI
MU
LT
I
O
N
First
H
2
/H
∞
co
ntr
oller
and
th
en
µ
is
design
e
d.
A
fter
that
th
e
or
de
r
of
I+
G
K
was
re
duced
by
the
help
of
the
resid
ua
l
m
et
ho
d.
Re
ga
rd
i
ng
the
pra
ct
ic
al
con
sid
er
at
ion
s
a
nd
by
ap
plica
ti
on
of
the
in
ver
s
e
of
the
sensiti
vity
fun
ct
ion
s,
t
he
weigh
t
functi
ons
wer
e
sel
ect
ed
with
the
f
or
m
of
I
s
s
R
2
0
0
2
,
I
4
s
5
.
0
)
1
s
1
.
0
(
4
F
,
I
s
s
10
1
0
0
.
K
1
and
K
2
ar
e
determ
ined
a
ccordin
g
to
the
equ
at
io
ns
5
a
nd
7,
w
hile
w
1
and
w
2
we
re
de
fine
d
reg
a
r
di
ng
eq
ua
ti
on
12.
Acc
ordin
g
to
F
ig
ur
e
6
an
d
sect
i
on
3.A
a
nd
3.B
,
k
was
desig
ned.
The
sim
ulati
on
s
were
done
by
MAT
LAB
softwa
re
and
t
oo
l
boxes
of
LM
I
[
22
]
,
Robust
m
ulti
o
bj
ect
iv
e
co
ntr
ol
too
lb
ox
[23]
and
µ
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4
800
-
4809
4806
[24]
wer
e
em
plo
ye
d.
I
n
the
desig
ning
pr
oc
ess,
we
us
e
d
Heffr
on
-
P
hill
ips
m
od
el
wh
ic
h
is
a
red
uce
d
or
de
r
m
od
el
.
In
ord
er
to
est
i
m
at
e
ou
r
desig
ns
thr
ough
sim
ula
ti
on
s,
we
us
e
com
plete
m
od
el
of
powe
r
syst
e
m
con
ta
ini
ng
syn
chro
nous
gen
e
rator,
excit
er
s
yst
e
m
,
go
ve
rnor,
tur
bin
e
,
3
-
phase
tra
ns
f
orm
er,
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne,
load
a
nd
in
fini
te
bu
s.
F
or
co
m
par
ison
pur
poses,
we
com
par
e
the
va
riat
io
ns
of
be
fore
a
nd
a
fter
3
-
ph
as
e
fau
lt
occurri
ng
in
th
e
m
idd
le
of
tra
ns
m
issi
on
li
ne.
Th
ree
-
phase
f
ault
occ
urs
at
0.5
sec
.
a
nd
is
gone
withi
n
0.55
sec.
In
a
ddit
ion
,
t
he
com
par
ison
of
t
he
sin
gu
la
r
values
for
c
ontr
olli
ng
si
gn
a
l
s
relat
ed
to
th
ree
ty
pes
of
de
sign
is
dep
ic
te
d
i
n
F
ig
ur
e
7.
Th
e
res
ults
sh
ow
that
the
la
rg
est
am
ount
of
the
co
ntr
ol
sign
al
is
relat
ed
to
µ
co
ntr
oller
and
t
he
lo
west
a
m
ou
nt
was
associat
ed
with
H
2
/H
∞
.
Step
respo
ns
e
of
t
he
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
syst
e
m
fo
r
th
e
three
con
t
ro
ll
ers
sho
wn in
F
ig
ur
e
8.
Figure
8
i
nd
ic
at
es
that
the
be
st
functi
on
of
the
c
on
t
ro
ll
er
is
f
or
µ
w
hile
H
2
/H
∞
s
how
s
the
wea
kest
perform
ance.
I
t
co
uld
al
s
o
be
note
d
that
si
nc
e
the
syst
e
m
has
m
ulti
ple
in
pu
ts
an
d
outp
ut
s,
the
sen
sit
ivit
y
and
weig
ht
f
unct
io
ns
hav
e
the
m
at
rix
f
orm
.
The
res
ults
ve
rify
the
s
uccess
of
com
bin
ing
th
e
rob
us
t
a
nd
nom
inal
perform
ance
w
it
h
each
ot
her
.
Re
achin
g
t
o
t
he
m
entione
d
obj
ect
ives
wit
h
the
m
ini
m
u
m
con
trolli
ng
sign
al
is
on
e
of
the
ad
va
ntages
of
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
co
ntr
oller.
M
os
t
of
the
rob
us
t
co
ntr
ollers
hav
e
hi
gh
orders
an
d
c
on
trolli
ng
sign
al
s.
B
ut
this
new
a
ppro
ac
h
did
well
in
this
reg
a
r
d.
H
2
/H
∞
con
t
ro
ll
er
ha
s
the
order
of
7,
an
d
µ
co
ntr
oller’s
order
i
n
10,
due
to
use
of
orde
r
re
du
ct
io
n
m
et
ho
d,
the
order
of
t
he
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
con
t
r
oller
is
5.
F
or
fu
rt
he
r
inv
est
igati
on
of
th
ree
co
ntr
oller,
the
f
or
m
of
the
wa
ves
rela
te
d
to
ro
t
or
a
ngle
an
d
s
pee
d
are
s
hown
acc
ordin
g
to
2%
p.u
incr
ease
in
the
in
put
volt
age
of
the
syst
em
in
F
igure
9
a
nd
10,
resp
ect
ively
.
The
m
entioned
figure
s
ind
i
cat
e
f
or H
2
/H
∞
/µ
co
ntro
ll
e
r
the
at
te
nuat
io
n
rate of
3
s
a
nd
lo
w
os
ci
ll
at
ion. Var
ia
ti
ons o
f
r
otor
s
pee
d
befor
e
and after
3
-
ph
a
se f
a
ult
sho
wn
in
F
ig
ure
11.
Fig
ure
7. Sin
gula
r value
for c
on
t
ro
ll
in
g
sig
na
l (
H
2
/H
∞
,
µ
,
H
2
/H
∞
/µ
)
Fig
ure
8. Ste
p respo
ns
e
of clo
se lo
op
syst
em
(
H
2
/H
∞
,
µ
, H
2
/H
∞
/µ
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ro
bu
st
Multi
-
Ob
je
ct
iv
e Co
nt
ro
l
of Po
we
r
Syst
em Sta
bili
zer
Usi
ng Mixe
d
...
(
J
avad
M
asha
yek
hi F
ard)
4807
Fig
ure
9. Roto
r
angle wit
h 2
%
(p.
u)
c
ha
ng
e
Fig
ure
10. R
oto
r
sp
ee
d wit
h 2
% (p.
u) cha
nge
Fig
ure
11. Vari
at
ion
s
of roto
r spee
d bef
or
e
a
nd after
3
-
ph
as
e fa
ult
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
Pr
ovi
ding
the
sp
are
pa
rts
an
d
res
olv
i
ng
t
he
error
s
i
n
the
excit
at
ion
sys
tem
are
a
m
on
g
the
m
os
t
i
m
po
rtant
pr
oble
m
s
of
the
old
power
pla
nts.
F
or
this
r
easo
n,
re
place
m
ent
of
the
c
on
t
ro
l
sect
io
n
of
the
excit
at
ion
syst
e
m
see
m
s
necessary.
For
at
te
nu
at
in
g
the
os
c
il
la
ti
on
s
by
con
t
ro
ll
in
g
the
excit
at
ion
proc
ess,
the
sta
bili
zers
of
t
he
power
syst
em
s
are
us
ed.
T
he
ai
m
of
this
pap
e
r
is
t
o
des
ign
a
r
obus
t
st
abili
zer
of
the
powe
r
syst
e
m
fo
r
the
power
plant
of
Ma
sh
ha
d
ci
ty
.
First
the
para
m
et
ers
of
Hefron
Ph
il
ips
m
od
el
was
de
rive
d
a
nd
ob
ta
ine
d,
since
there
is
no
ce
rtai
n
m
od
el
of
the
syst
em
in
hand,
the
rob
us
t
pe
rfor
m
an
ce
is
consi
de
re
d.
By
rob
us
t
perform
ance,
it
m
eans
by
con
si
der
at
i
on
of
the
unce
rtai
nty
the
erro
rs
of
the
syst
em
be
m
ini
m
ized
.
I
n
order
to
i
nv
es
ti
gate
the
r
ob
us
t
pe
rfo
rm
ance,
µ
a
naly
sis
was
us
e
d.
G
ener
al
ly
,
e
xistence
of
t
he
r
obus
t
perform
ance
resu
lt
s
in
the
sever
e
li
m
it
ation
s
on
the
co
nt
ro
ll
er
w
hich
is
so
m
eti
m
es
m
akin
g
it
an
unf
easi
ble
issue,
a
nd
if
it
cou
l
d
be
feas
ible
the
orde
r
of
the
c
ontr
oller
w
ou
l
d
bec
om
e
hi
gh
e
r
an
d
the
res
ulted
c
on
t
ro
l
sign
al
w
ould
be
increase
d
w
hi
ch
w
ou
l
d
le
ad
to
sat
ur
at
io
n
of
the
act
uato
r.
In
order
t
o
dec
rease
the
c
on
tr
olli
ng
sign
al
s,
it
is
ne
eded
to
use
t
o
c
ontrolle
rs
of
µ
a
nd
H
2
/H
∞
f
or
the
pe
rform
ance
of
rob
ust
an
d
it
s
sta
bi
li
t
y.
Desig
ni
ng
the
filt
ers
or
in
t
he
oth
er
w
ords
weig
ht
functi
ons
ha
ve
al
so
c
ru
ci
al
r
ole
in
determ
inati
on
of
th
e
cl
os
ed
l
oop
re
sp
onse
.
I
n
this
con
te
nt,
fi
rst,
three
weig
ht
functi
ons
we
re
desig
ne
d
f
or
H
2
/H
∞
co
ntr
oller
a
nd
then
tw
o
weig
ht
functi
ons
by
LMI
we
re
des
ign
e
d
f
or
bala
ncin
g
bet
ween
H
2
/H
∞
an
d
µ.
Du
e
t
o
m
ulti
v
ariabl
e
syst
e
m
of
the
weig
ht
f
un
ct
io
ns
,
th
ey
wer
e
plo
tt
ed
in
t
he
f
or
m
of
m
at
rix
and
t
he
sin
gula
r
val
ues.
T
he
resu
lt
s
sh
ow
t
hat
the
cl
os
e
d
lo
op
was
sta
bili
zed
des
pite
of
th
e
existe
nce
of
uncertai
nty
a
nd
ha
s
t
he
de
sirabl
e
perform
ance.
More
ov
e
r,
the
response
of
t
he
cl
os
e
d
loop
and
c
on
tr
olli
ng
sig
nal
of
the
com
bin
ed
co
nt
ro
ll
er
(H
2
/H
∞
/µ
)
,
is
be
tween
t
he
tw
o
oth
er
co
ntr
ol
le
rs.
T
he
a
ng
le
an
d
s
peed
of
ro
t
or
ver
i
fies
the
ef
fecti
ve
nes
s
an
d
adv
a
ntage
s
of
t
he
s
uggeste
d
m
et
ho
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4
800
-
4809
4808
7.
APPE
ND
I
X
A.
N
omencl
ature
X
d
direct a
xis r
eact
anc
e
of
s
ynch
ron
ou
s
m
a
chine (
p.u)
X
/
d
direct a
xis
tran
sie
nt r
eact
ance
of sync
hrono
us
m
achine (p.u)
X
q
qu
a
drat
ure
ax
is
reacta
nce
of sync
hro
nous m
achine
X
/
q
qu
a
drat
ure
ax
is t
ra
ns
ie
nt rea
ct
ance
of
synch
r
onous
m
achine
X
e
transm
issi
on
li
ne react
anc
e
T
/
do
direct
-
a
xis
tran
sie
nt ope
n ci
rcu
it
tim
e con
sta
nt
K
1
to
K
6
H
ef
fron
-
P
hill
ips m
od
el
co
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
K
A
DC
gain of t
he AVR
T
A
tim
e con
st
ant of t
he AVR
K
D
P
SS gai
n
H
i
ner
ti
a c
onsta
nt
E
b
excit
er Ou
tpu
t
Vo
lt
ag
e
E
q
vo
lt
age
pr
oport
ion
al
t
o d
irect
ax
is Fl
ux
li
nk
age
s
δ
(t
)
roto
r
a
ngle
ω
r
(t)
speed
of
the
ro
t
or
T
m
m
echan
ic
al
/e
le
ct
rical
tor
qu
e
Iq
gen
e
rato
r st
at
or
c
urren
t
V
t
Tem
inal v
oltage
of sync
hro
nous m
achine(
p.u
)
∆
Denotes sm
al
l per
tu
rbat
ion i
n
the
v
a
riable
f
r
om
ste
ady stat
e v
al
ue
f
b
Synchro
no
us
Generat
or
B. M
achine
d
ata
X
d
X
/
d
X
q
X
/
q
X
e
T
/
do
K
1
K
2
2
.01
3
0
.3
1
.76
0
.65
0
.68
0
.53
0
.55
1
.2
K
3
K
4
K
5
K
6
K
A
T
A
K
D
H
0
.66
0
.7
0
.09
5
0
.81
5
50
0
.5
7
.1
3
.5
ACKN
OWLE
DGME
NT
This
researc
h was
fina
nced f
ro
m
the bu
dg
et
of I
sla
m
ic
A
zad
Un
i
ver
sit
y, S
abzev
a
r br
a
nc
h
-
I
ran.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
J.
C.
Do
y
l
e,
e
t
al.
,
“
Stat
e
-
Spa
ce
Soluti
on
to
Standa
rd
H
2
and
H
∞
Control
P
roble
m
s
,
”
IEEE
Tr
ansacti
ons
o
n
Aut
omatic Cont
r
ol
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
34
(
8
)
,
pp
.
831
-
847
,
1989.
[2]
J.
C.
Do
y
l
e,
et
a
l.
,
“
Revi
ew
of
L
FTs,
LMIs,
and
µ
,
”
Proc
.
I
EE
E
Confe
renc
e
on
Dec
ision
and
C
ontrol
,
Br
igh
ton
,
UK
,
pp.
1227
-
12
32,
1991
.
[3]
M.
A.
Rot
ea
an
d
P.
P.
Khargo
neka
r,
“
H
2
-
optim
al
Control
wit
h
an
H∞
constr
ai
nt
The
State
Feedba
ck
Case
,
”
Aut
omatic
a
,
v
ol
/
issue:
27
(
2
)
,
pp.
307
-
316,
1991
.
[4]
A.
La
nzon
,
“
W
ei
ght
Selecti
on
in
Robust
Control
:
An
Optimis
at
ion
Approac
h,
W
olfson
Coll
ege
,
Control
Grou
p,
Depa
rtment
o
f
Engi
ne
eri
ng
,
”
U
nive
rsit
y
of
Ca
m
bridge
A
dissertation
subm
it
t
ed
for
the
degr
ee
of
Doctor
o
f
Philosoph
y
,
200
0.
[5]
P.
M.
Anderson
and
A.
A.
Foua
d,
“
Pow
er
s
y
ste
m
cont
rol
and
st
abi
lit
y
,
”
Iowa
st
at
e
un
ive
rsit
y
pr
ess,
Iowa,
US
A
,
1977.
[6]
R.
J.
Fleming
and
J.
Sun,
“
A
n
opti
m
al
stabi
l
iz
er
for
a
m
ultim
ac
hine
pl
ant
,
”
IEE
E
Tr
ansacti
on
on
en
ergy
conv
ersion,
v
ol
/is
sue:
5
(
1
),
pp.
15
-
22,
1990
.
[7]
S.
Zha
ng
and
F.
L.
Luo,
“
An
I
m
prove
d
Sim
ple
Adapti
ve
Con
tr
ol
Applie
d
to
Pow
er
S
y
stem
Stabi
lizer
,
”
I
EE
E
Tr
ansacti
ons on Power
E
le
c
troni
cs
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
24
(
2
)
,
pp
.
369
-
375
,
2009.
[8]
K.
S
.
Kam
el
,
et
al.
,
“
A
n
I
n
d
i
r
e
c
t
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
F
u
z
z
y
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
S
t
a
b
i
l
i
z
e
r
f
o
r
S
i
n
g
l
e
a
n
d
M
u
l
t
i
-
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
6
(
2
)
,
pp
.
305
-
326,
2014
.
[9]
G.
Fus
co
and
M
.
Russ
o,
“
Nonline
ar
cont
ro
l
desig
n
for
exc
it
a
ti
on
cont
roller
and
p
ower
sy
st
em
stabi
li
z
er
,
”
Control
Engi
ne
ering
Pra
ct
i
ce
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
19
(
3
)
,
pp
.
243
–
2
51,
2011
.
[10]
Hardi
ans
y
ah
and
Junaidi
,
“
Multi
obje
c
ti
ve
H2/H
∞
Control
Design
with
Regi
onal
Pole
Constrai
nts
,”
T
ELKOMNIKA
Tele
communic
a
t
ion,
Comput
ing,
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Control
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
10
(
1
)
,
pp
.
103
-
112,
2012
.
[11]
B.
B
.
Challoshtori,
“
Designing
Robust
Pow
er
Sy
stem
Stabi
lizer
U
sing
Pole
Plac
e
m
ent
Te
chni
qu
e
with
the
Aid
of
LMI
,
”
Inte
rnat
io
nal
Journal
of
N
atural
and
Enginee
ring S
ci
en
ce
s
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
6
(
1
)
,
pp
.
71
-
76
,
201
2.
[12]
A.
B.
Muljono,
et
al.
,
“C
oordination
of
Adapti
v
e
Neuro
Fuzz
y
In
fer
ence
S
y
st
em
(AN
FIS
)
and
Ty
pe
2
Fuzz
y
Logic
S
y
stem
Pow
er
S
y
stem
Stabi
liz
er
(T2FLSP
SS
)
to
Im
prove
a
L
arg
e
sca
le
Pow
e
r
S
y
stem
Stabi
lit
y
,
”
In
te
rnation
al
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
8
(
1
)
,
p
p.
76
-
86
,
2018
.
[13]
T.
M
.
Sar
an
y
a
,
e
t
al.
,
“
A
Pow
er
S
y
stem
Stabi
l
ize
r
for
Multi
Ma
c
hine
-
Based
on
Hy
brid
BF
OA
-
PSO,
”
Int
ernati
ona
l
Journal
of
Elec
t
rical
and
Computer
Eng
ine
ering
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
5
(
2
)
,
p
p.
213
-
220
,
201
5.
[14]
C.
D.
Vournas
and
R.
J.
Fleming,
“
Gene
ral
i
za
t
io
n
of
the
Heffron
-
Phill
ips
m
odel
of
a
s
y
nchr
onou
s
gene
rat
or
,
”
IE
EE
PES
summ
er
m
ee
ti
ng
,
LA
,
1978
.
[15]
R.
Kaz
emi
and
M.
As
sill
i,
“
Modell
ing
Anal
y
sis
and
R
epl
a
ce
of
ALSTOM
Gene
rat
or
Exc
i
ta
t
ion
in
Mashhad
Pow
er
Plant
,
”
12
th
Irani
an
Stude
n
t
Conf
ere
nce on El
e
ct
r
ic
al
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
2009
.
[16]
P.
Kundur,
“P
ower
s
y
st
em sta
bi
li
t
y
and cont
ro
l
,
”
Mc.
Graw Hi
ll, 1994.
[17]
K.
Zhou
and
J.
C.
Do
y
le,
“
Esse
nti
al Robust
Con
trol
,
”
Pren
ti
c
e
h
a
ll
,
1998.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Ro
bu
st
Multi
-
Ob
je
ct
iv
e Co
nt
ro
l
of Po
we
r
Syst
em Sta
bili
zer
Usi
ng Mixe
d
...
(
J
avad
M
asha
yek
hi F
ard)
4809
[18]
A.
Pack
ard
and
J.
Do
y
l
e,
“
The
Com
ple
x
Struc
ture
d
Si
ngu
la
r
Value
,
”
Aut
oma
ti
ca
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
29
(
1
)
,
pp
.
71
-
10
9,
1993.
[19]
S.
B
o
y
d
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Li
nea
r
Matri
x
Ine
qualities
in
Sy
stem
and
Cont
rol
The
or
y
,
”
Societ
y
for
Industr
ia
l
and
Appli
ed
Mathe
m
at
i
cs,
Ph
il
ad
el
phi
a, 1994.
[20]
J.
Masha
y
ekh
if
ard
,
e
t
al.
,
“
Robust
Multi
-
Objective
Sta
ti
c
Output
Feedback
Control
Ba
sed
on
H
2
/H
∞
/
µ
Com
bina
ti
on
,
”
Canadian
Journ
al
of
Pure
and
A
ppli
ed
scie
n
ce
s
,
v
ol
/i
ss
ue:
8
(
2
)
,
p
p.
2969
-
2978
,
2
014.
[21]
S.
Sara
th,
“
Aut
om
at
ic
W
ei
ght
Sele
c
ti
on
Algor
it
hm
for
Designing
H
Infini
t
y
cont
roller
for
Acti
ve
Magn
et
i
c
Bea
ring
,
”
Inte
rn
ati
onal Journal of
Eng
ine
ering
S
ci
en
ce and
Tech
nology
,
v
ol
/
issue:
3
(
1
)
,
2011.
[22]
P.
Gahinet,
e
t
al
.
,
“
LMI
Contro
l Tool
box
for
Us
e
with
MA
TL
AB
,
”
Th
e
Ma
thWorks
,
Inc
,
1995
.
[23]
D.
Peauc
e
ll
e
an
d
D.
Arze
li
er
,
“
Robust
m
ult
iobj
ec
t
ive
cont
ro
l
to
olbox
,
”
Proc
ee
d
ings
IEE
E
Symp
osium
Computer
-
Ai
ded
Control
S
yste
m Design
,
M
unic
h,
Germ
an
y
,
2006.
[24]
G.
J.
Balas,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
µ
-
Anal
y
sis
a
nd
S
y
nthe
sis
To
olbox
for
Us
e
with
MA
TL
AB
,
”
T
he
Mathworks
Inc
,
Version
3
,
2001.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Java
d
Masha
y
ek
hi
Fard
rec
e
ive
d
the
B.
S.
degr
e
e
in
power
engi
nee
ring
from
the
Islamic
Aza
d
Univer
sit
y
,
Bojn
ourd,
Ira
n,
in
2
003,
The
MS
degr
ee
in
cont
ro
l
engi
ne
eri
ng
fro
m
Islamic
Aza
d
Univer
sit
y
,
Sout
h
Te
hra
n
bra
nch
,
Ira
n
in
2006,
a
nd
his
Ph.D
in
C
ontrol
Engi
ne
eri
ng
from
I
slamic
Aza
d
Univer
sit
y
,
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
Resea
rch
Bran
ch,
Te
h
ran
,
Ir
a
n
in
2013
.
He
is
cur
ren
tly
a
n
As
sistant
Profess
or
in
the
Ele
ct
ri
ca
l
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
Depa
r
tment
at
Isl
amic
Az
ad
Univer
si
t
y
,
Sabze
var
,
Ira
n
.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
include
o
pti
m
al
and
robu
s
t
cont
rol
,
proc
e
ss
cont
rol,
and
m
ult
iva
ri
abl
e
co
ntrol
s
y
s
te
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.