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i
-
i
n
p
u
t
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
ill
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
t
h
a
n
o
t
h
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e’
s
as
it
g
u
ar
a
n
tees
th
at
all
o
r
as
m
a
n
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
p
u
t
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
ar
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
el
y
te
s
ted
.
E
x
h
a
u
s
t
iv
e
te
s
ti
n
g
[
2
]
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
n
o
n
m
u
lti
-
in
p
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
s
i
s
o
u
t
o
f
q
u
e
s
tio
n
w
h
e
n
m
an
y
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
e
x
is
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
y
ac
t
i
n
s
e
v
er
al
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
.
P
s
eu
d
o
-
E
x
h
a
u
s
tiv
e
test
i
n
g
ai
m
s
a
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
n
l
y
th
o
s
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
th
at
w
ill
m
o
s
t
li
k
el
y
r
esu
lt
i
n
f
ail
u
r
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Op
ti
m
al
Mi
n
i
n
g
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
OM
T
)
d
er
iv
es
te
s
t
ca
s
e
s
b
y
c
h
o
o
s
i
n
g
ce
r
tain
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
eit
h
e
r
th
e
in
p
u
ts
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
o
u
tp
u
t
o
r
m
u
lti
-
in
p
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
a
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
c
h
as
T
MCN
R
S
w
h
ic
h
m
o
n
ito
r
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ls
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es
w
it
h
in
n
u
clea
r
r
ea
cto
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
T
MCNR
S,
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
s
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
s
w
it
h
i
n
n
u
clea
r
r
ec
o
r
d
s
ca
n
h
ap
p
en
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tl
y
.
I
n
a
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tas
k
s
ar
e
d
es
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
h
a
n
d
lin
g
m
u
lti
-
in
p
u
t
s
w
h
ic
h
o
cc
u
r
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
ese
tas
k
s
m
u
s
t b
e
test
ed
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
est
c
ases
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
g
e
n
er
ated
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
it
y
o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
p
r
o
p
er
o
u
tp
u
ts
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
Occ
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
Mu
lti
-
i
n
p
u
t.
P
r
o
b
lem
I
n
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
I
n
p
u
t
s
o
cc
u
r
as
a
s
et
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
in
p
u
t
s
.
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
o
f
an
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
e
n
m
u
lti
-
in
p
u
t
s
o
cc
u
r
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
test
ed
to
f
in
d
th
e
w
h
eth
er
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
as b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
er
ly
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
u
l
ti
-
in
p
u
ts
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
t
io
n
An
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
o
p
ti
m
al
M
in
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
v
alu
e
s
t
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
t
h
e
test
d
ata
h
av
e
al
s
o
b
ee
n
p
r
e
-
id
en
ti
f
ied
an
d
m
ap
p
ed
w
it
h
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les.
T
h
e
m
u
lti
in
p
u
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
al
s
o
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
u
tp
u
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
m
i
n
in
g
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
p
atter
n
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
d
ellin
g
.
T
h
e
p
atter
n
o
f
o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
le
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
n
u
al
i
n
s
p
ec
tio
n
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
L
a
k
s
h
m
i
P
r
asad
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
3
]
h
a
d
p
r
esen
ted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
test
i
n
g
.
I
n
[
4
]
a
m
et
h
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
at
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
tes
t
ca
s
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
p
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
w
it
h
s
p
ec
ial
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
to
tes
tin
g
s
ta
n
d
alo
n
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
g
e
n
er
ate
p
air
s
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
i
n
p
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
a
n
d
eli
m
i
n
ate
n
o
n
r
elate
d
i
n
p
u
t
p
a
ir
s
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
test
s
u
i
te
to
a
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
.
L
a
k
s
h
m
i
P
r
asad
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
5
]
h
ad
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ev
er
al
co
m
b
in
a
to
r
ial
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
te
s
tin
g
an
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
Gr
a
y
.
D.
M.
C
o
h
e
n
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
6
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
g
e
n
er
ati
n
g
t
h
e
te
s
t
ca
s
es
a
u
to
m
atica
ll
y
.
T
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
d
escr
ib
ed
an
ap
p
licatio
n
w
h
ich
is
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
m
.
T
h
e
y
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
ti
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t o
f
test
p
lan
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
l
y
an
d
th
e
y
h
av
e
also
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
th
e
en
tire
co
d
e
h
as
b
ee
n
co
v
er
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
test
p
lan
t
h
at
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
te
s
t c
ases
.
C
o
h
e
n
D.
M.
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
7
]
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
y
s
te
m
ca
lled
AE
T
G.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
m
co
n
s
id
er
s
all
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
o
f
in
p
u
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
in
c
lu
d
e
p
air
-
w
is
e,
tr
ip
e
-
w
i
s
e
an
d
n
-
w
i
s
e.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
m
w
ill
b
r
ee
d
all
th
e
v
alid
tes
t
p
air
s
ig
n
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
in
v
alid
te
s
t
p
air
s
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
tes
t
ca
s
e
s
g
en
e
r
all
y
ar
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
g
ar
it
h
m
ic
o
r
d
er
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
A
E
T
G
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
ta
k
in
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
o
f
test
i
n
g
th
at
i
n
clu
d
e
u
n
it,
f
u
n
ct
io
n
al,
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
,
s
y
s
te
m
,
i
n
te
g
r
atio
n
,
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
d
in
ter
-
o
p
er
ab
ilit
y
test
i
n
g
.
C
o
h
e
n
D.
M
.,
[
8
]
h
a
v
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
m
e
th
o
d
a
n
d
a
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
en
u
m
er
ati
n
g
a
m
in
i
m
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
test
ca
s
es
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
it
h
i
n
ter
ac
tin
g
ele
m
e
n
ts
th
at
h
a
v
e
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
an
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
e
v
al
u
ated
f
o
r
e
ac
h
ele
m
e
n
t.
I
n
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
e
n
ter
s
v
alu
e
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
th
en
d
e
f
in
e
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
O
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
th
en
en
u
m
er
ate
s
a
tab
le
o
f
test
ca
s
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
ele
m
en
t
s
u
s
in
g
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
w
h
e
n
ap
p
licab
le,
an
d
r
an
d
o
m
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
w
h
e
n
d
eter
m
in
is
tic
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
ar
e
n
o
t
ap
p
licab
le.
A
f
ter
a
tab
le
o
f
test
ca
s
es
is
g
en
er
at
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
co
m
b
i
n
es
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
tab
l
e
o
f
test
ca
s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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N:
2
0
8
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2143
T
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ig
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e
x
p
an
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n
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au
to
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o
m
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co
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tr
o
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f
o
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m
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in
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s
r
es
u
lt
s
in
a
q
u
alitati
v
el
y
lar
g
er
s
p
ac
e
o
f
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
t
h
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
"
co
v
er
ed
"
d
u
r
in
g
te
s
tin
g
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
lev
e
l
b
u
t
also
at
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
u
n
i
t
lev
els
T
u
n
g
,
[
9
]
.
A
m
aj
o
r
ch
a
llen
g
e
i
n
th
i
s
ar
ea
is
to
au
to
m
a
ticall
y
g
e
n
er
ate
a
r
elativ
el
y
s
m
all
s
et
o
f
test
ca
s
es
t
h
at,
co
llectiv
el
y
,
g
u
ar
a
n
tees
a
s
ele
cted
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
b
eh
av
io
u
r
s
p
ac
e.
T
h
e
y
d
esc
r
ib
ed
an
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
a
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
te
s
t
ca
s
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
to
o
l
t
h
at
ap
p
lies
a
c
o
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
d
esi
g
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ca
n
d
id
ate
test
ca
s
e
s
.
E
v
al
u
ati
o
n
o
f
th
is
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
n
te
s
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
Dee
p
S
p
ac
e
On
e
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ev
ea
ls
a
v
a
lu
ab
le
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
test
ca
s
e
s
,
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
an
ea
r
lier
h
o
m
e
-
b
r
e
w
ed
g
en
er
ato
r
.
L
e
i
Y.
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
0
]
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
a
cr
iter
io
n
w
h
ich
i
s
tes
t
s
p
ec
if
icat
io
n
b
ased
.
T
h
e
cr
iter
io
n
co
n
s
id
er
s
ea
ch
p
air
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
v
ar
iab
les,
an
d
ev
er
y
v
alu
e
p
air
o
f
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
air
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
e
v
er
y
v
al
u
e
s
elec
ted
co
v
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
test
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
y
h
av
e
e
v
o
l
v
ed
t
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
p
air
-
w
is
e
te
s
ti
n
g
.
C
o
v
er
in
g
ar
r
a
y
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
au
g
m
e
n
ted
f
u
r
t
h
er
b
y
C
o
h
en
M.
B
.,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
1
]
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
ca
lled
A
n
n
ea
li
n
g
.
T
h
is
h
as
led
to
s
p
ec
ial
ar
r
ay
co
n
tain
i
n
g
s
ev
er
al
s
u
b
-
ar
r
a
y
s
w
h
ich
all
to
g
et
h
er
co
n
tain
a
ll
t
h
e
t
-
tu
p
le
s
,
ea
ch
t
u
p
le
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
at
least
o
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
ar
r
a
y
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
u
p
les
co
n
ta
in
ed
i
n
th
e
ar
r
a
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
all
t
h
e
s
u
b
-
ar
r
a
y
co
n
tai
n
ed
in
it.
T
h
ey
h
a
v
e
a
n
al
y
ze
d
all
th
e
ar
r
a
y
s
t
h
at
h
a
v
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
3
t
u
p
l
es
u
s
in
g
r
ec
u
r
s
i
v
e
co
m
b
in
ato
r
ial
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
s
ea
r
c
h
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
le
v
er
ag
ed
o
p
ti
m
alit
y
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
i
ze
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
e
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
h
eu
r
is
tic
s
ea
r
ch
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
r
ec
u
r
s
iv
e
co
m
b
in
at
o
r
ial
g
en
er
atio
n
ad
d
ed
w
it
h
h
eu
r
i
s
tic
s
ea
r
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
lead
t
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
f
a
ilu
r
e
s
.
R
.
Ku
h
n
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
2
]
h
av
e
ap
p
lied
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
t
h
e
r
ea
l
w
o
r
l
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
a
n
d
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
e
an
al
y
tical
r
e
s
u
l
ts
.
T
h
e
w
a
y
a
s
y
s
te
m
is
te
s
ted
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
h
o
ice
o
f
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
test
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
ak
i
n
g
te
s
ti
n
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
r
atio
n
al.
T
h
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
r
elate
d
to
f
lo
w
o
f
w
at
er
in
s
id
e
a
ca
r
b
o
n
Nan
o
tu
b
e
th
at
is
s
in
g
l
e
w
alle
d
an
d
in
w
h
ich
s
e
v
er
al
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
g
r
ad
ien
t
s
ex
i
s
t
h
as
b
ee
n
test
ed
b
y
S
h
io
m
i
J
.
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
3
]
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
b
i
n
at
o
r
ial
m
e
th
o
d
.
Och
o
a
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
4
]
h
ad
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
b
o
x
-
f
u
s
io
n
w
h
ic
h
is
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
air
w
i
s
e
test
i
n
g
.
B
o
x
-
F
u
s
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
a
s
g
u
e
s
s
ed
a
n
d
a
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
:
th
e
Si
m
p
le
L
T
L
Gen
er
ato
r
th
at
b
u
ild
s
L
i
n
ea
r
T
em
p
o
r
al
L
o
g
ic
(
L
T
L
)
f
o
r
m
u
lae
w
it
h
ato
m
ic
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
th
a
t
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
L
T
L
f
o
r
m
u
lae
f
r
o
m
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
3
1
,
0
0
0
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
p
u
t
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ey
h
a
v
e
p
r
esen
ted
e
v
alu
a
t
io
n
o
f
B
o
x
-
F
u
s
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
ic
h
co
n
s
id
er
s
,
p
air
w
i
s
e
test
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
an
n
o
tated
co
n
tr
o
l f
lo
w
g
r
ap
h
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
test
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
M.
L
ak
s
h
m
i
P
r
asad
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
9
]
h
ad
b
u
ilt
test
ca
s
e
s
b
y
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
P
SO)
f
o
r
m
u
lti
o
u
tp
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
b
in
ato
r
ial
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
h
e
y
also
u
s
ed
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
b
ased
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
au
to
m
ated
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
o
f
te
s
t
ca
s
es
f
o
r
test
i
n
g
a
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
b
in
a
to
r
ial
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
y
a
ls
o
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
g
en
er
at
in
g
test
ca
s
es
f
o
r
tes
tin
g
w
eb
s
ite
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
i
n
p
u
t
p
air
s
.
T
h
ey
also
g
e
n
er
ated
test
ca
s
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
i
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
a
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
o
p
ti
m
al
s
ele
ctio
n
.
A
b
d
u
l
R
a
h
m
a
n
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
2
0
]
h
ad
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
in
p
u
t
-
o
u
tp
u
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
r
elatio
n
t
o
test
d
ata
g
en
er
atio
n
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
.
T
h
e
y
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
t
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
co
m
b
i
n
at
o
r
ial
test
d
ata
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
tr
at
eg
ies
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
t
h
e
I
OR
f
ea
t
u
r
es
s
p
ec
if
ical
l
y
ta
k
in
g
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
s
t
h
e
m
ai
n
b
asis
.
B
en
ch
m
ar
k
i
n
g
r
es
u
lts
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
e
x
is
t
in
g
n
a
tu
r
e
i
n
s
p
ir
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
ased
s
tr
ate
g
i
es su
p
p
o
r
tin
g
I
OR
.
C
o
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
te
s
ti
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
th
at
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
a
n
tl
y
u
s
es
lo
g
ica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
B
o
o
lean
o
r
b
in
ar
y
i
n
p
u
t
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
u
s
ed
r
elate
d
to
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
a
f
et
y
cr
itical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
B
o
o
lean
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
e
x
ten
s
i
v
el
y
.
S.
Vil
k
o
m
ir
,
[
2
1
]
h
a
s
s
tead
i
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
co
m
b
i
n
ato
r
ial
test
in
g
w
h
en
b
i
n
ar
y
i
n
p
u
t
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
Dee
p
a
Gu
p
ta
,
et
a
l
.
,
[
2
2
]
h
ad
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
eq
u
en
ce
g
e
n
er
ati
o
n
o
f
test
ca
s
es
u
s
i
n
g
p
air
w
is
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
ey
p
r
ese
n
ted
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
ic
h
u
s
es
th
e
s
er
ies
o
r
i
g
in
a
t
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
p
air
w
is
e
te
s
t
ca
s
e
o
r
i
g
in
a
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
m
a
k
es
ce
r
tai
n
to
d
is
s
e
m
i
n
ate
t
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
ten
t
o
f
tr
ial
r
u
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ag
e.
P
.
S.,
M.
B
.
,
et
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l
.
,
[
2
5
]
C
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m
b
in
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T
esti
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a
test
d
es
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Y.
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2
6
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r
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b
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s
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lab
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m
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a
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h
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p
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a
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to
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to
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,
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t
g
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test
p
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io
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itizatio
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.
3.
AP
P
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CA
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M
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NING
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T
h
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m
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if
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OM
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alg
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r
ith
m
an
d
its
ap
p
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th
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p
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w
:
3
.
1
.
Ste
ps
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f
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pti
m
a
l
M
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t
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qu
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a.
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p
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1
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s
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n
p
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t
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f
r
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m
t
h
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test
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q
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m
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n
ts
s
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if
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.
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n
p
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t
v
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th
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f
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n
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s
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n
t
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m
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th
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m
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.
T
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d
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f
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p
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v
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s
i.e
.
r
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in
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2
.
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4
.
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.
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T
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8
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t
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s
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s
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h
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m
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in
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e
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t v
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les
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.
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h
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ir
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e
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s
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ab
le
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s
h
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m
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ar
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n
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ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
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ate
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m
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e
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ab
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p
ar
is
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o
f
th
e
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est ca
s
e
g
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er
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m
et
h
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m
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Me
t
h
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ased
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m
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test
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s
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.
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e
c
h
n
i
q
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r
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c
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d
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r
e
1.
T
e
st
c
a
se
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
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o
n
b
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se
d
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n
mu
l
t
i
p
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n
p
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2.
A
b
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l
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t
y
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g
e
n
e
r
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t
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t
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st
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se
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c
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n
g
.
X
√
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b
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l
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t
y
t
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g
e
n
e
r
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t
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t
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l
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t
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e
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p
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.
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t
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l
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l
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g
.
X
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b
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t
y
t
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t
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st
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
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n
g
.
X
√
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
Op
ti
m
al
Mi
n
in
g
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
OM
T
)
is
im
p
le
m
e
n
ted
to
d
er
i
v
e
th
e
test
ca
s
e
s
f
o
r
m
u
lti
-
i
n
p
u
t
d
o
m
ai
n
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
ch
as T
MCNR
S.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
ar
e
n
o
t q
u
ite
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
u
n
d
er
tak
i
n
g
th
e
test
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
as t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
t
s
o
f
tes
tin
g
t
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
esti
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ti
m
e,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
test
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
er
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
etc.
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
test
ed
b
y
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
OM
T
co
n
s
id
er
s
all
asp
ec
ts
o
f
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
test
ed
.
E
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
o
u
tco
m
e
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
th
i
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
te
s
t
ca
s
es
w
it
h
h
ig
h
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
an
d
e
v
en
f
e
w
er
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
o
u
tp
u
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
D.
R
.
Ku
h
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
o
f
tw
a
re
F
a
u
lt
In
tera
c
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Im
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
T
e
stin
g
,
”
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
so
ft
wa
re
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
/
issu
e
:
30
(
6
)
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
]
D.
Rich
a
rd
a
n
d
V
.
Ok
u
m
,
“
P
se
u
d
o
-
Ex
h
a
u
st
iv
e
T
e
stin
g
f
o
r
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
,
”
3
0
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
IE
EE
/
NAS
A
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
S
EW
-
3
0
(
S
EW
'
0
6
)
,
2
0
0
6
.
[3
]
M
.
L
.
P
ra
sa
d
a
n
d
J
.
K
.
R
.
S
a
str
y
,
“
A
Co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
S
u
rv
e
y
o
n
C
o
m
b
in
a
to
rial
T
e
stin
g
,
”
PONT
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
73
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
-
2
6
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[4
]
M
.
L
.
P
ra
sa
d
a
n
d
J
.
K
.
R
.
S
a
str
y
,
“
A
G
ra
p
h
Ba
s
e
d
S
trate
g
y
(
G
BS
)
F
o
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
in
g
Tes
t
Ca
se
s
M
e
a
n
t
F
o
r
T
e
stin
g
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
st
e
m
s
U
sin
g
Co
m
b
in
a
to
rial
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Dy
n
a
mic
a
l
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
10
(
01
)
,
p
p
.
314
-
3
2
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
M
.
L
.
P
ra
sa
d
a
n
d
J
.
K
.
R
.
S
a
stry
,
“
T
e
stin
g
E
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
s
u
s
in
g
tes
t
c
a
se
s
g
e
n
e
r
a
ted
th
ro
u
g
h
Co
m
b
in
a
to
rial
M
e
th
o
d
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
ol
/i
s
su
e
:
7
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
6
-
1
5
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
G
ra
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
in
a
to
rial
d
e
sig
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
tes
t
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
S
o
ft
w
a
re
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
13
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
83
-
88,
1
9
9
6
.
[7
]
D.
M
.
Co
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
AETG
s
y
st
e
m
:
a
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
tes
ti
n
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
o
m
b
in
a
to
rial
d
e
sig
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
/
issu
e
:
23
(
7
)
,
p
p
.
4
3
7
-
4
4
4
,
1
9
9
7
.
[8
]
D.
M
.
Co
h
e
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
e
t
h
o
d
a
n
d
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
e
ff
icie
n
t
tes
t
c
a
se
s
f
o
r
s
y
ste
m
s
h
a
v
in
g
in
tera
c
ti
n
g
e
lem
e
n
ts,
”
1
9
9
6
.
[9
]
Y.
W
.
T
u
n
g
a
n
d
W
.
S
.
A
ld
iw
a
n
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ti
n
g
tes
t
c
a
se
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
w
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
m
issio
n
so
f
tw
a
r
e
s
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
Aer
o
sp
a
c
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
4
3
1
-
4
3
7
,
2
0
0
0
.
[1
0
]
Y.
L
e
i
a
n
d
K.
C.
T
a
i,
“
A
T
e
st
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
P
a
ir
-
w
ise
T
e
stin
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
o
ft
w
a
re
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
1
]
Co
h
e
n
B.
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Co
m
b
in
a
to
r
ial
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
c
o
v
e
rin
g
a
rra
y
s,
”
L
e
M
a
tem
a
ti
c
h
e
(
Ca
ta
n
ia
)
,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
1
6
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
2
]
R.
Ku
h
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
Co
m
b
in
a
to
r
ial
T
e
stin
g
:
b
e
y
o
n
d
P
a
ir
w
i
se
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mp
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
-
IT
Pro
fes
sio
n
a
l
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
10
(
3
)
,
2
0
0
8
.
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