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201
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SS
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2088
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8708
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.
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3291
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2088
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8708
Desig
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y
s
i
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
o
p
en
ed
th
e
m
ar
k
et
o
f
"
O
p
en
So
u
r
ce
Har
d
w
ar
e"
(
OSH)
an
d
"
Op
en
So
u
r
ce
So
f
t
w
ar
e"
(
OSS)
d
ev
ice
s
an
d
to
o
ls
[
7
]
.
I
n
th
e
la
s
t
f
e
w
m
o
n
t
h
s
,
th
ese
m
ar
k
ets
h
a
v
e
s
u
f
f
icie
n
tl
y
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
icall
y
a
d
v
an
ce
d
.
Fo
r
a
m
in
i
m
u
m
co
s
t,
a
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
ite
ca
n
b
e
p
u
t
to
g
et
h
er
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
p
r
im
ar
y
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
tr
an
s
d
u
ce
r
s
o
f
s
i
g
n
als
i
n
d
ig
it
al
f
o
r
m
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
u
n
i
ts
t
h
at
co
llect
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
[
8
]
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
ca
r
r
y
d
ata
[
9
]
,
th
e
s
er
v
er
o
n
w
h
ich
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
th
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
an
d
/o
r
s
to
r
ag
e
o
f
d
ata
r
u
n
s
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
,
t
h
e
co
llect
io
n
o
f
d
ata
f
r
o
m
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
p
la
n
ts
w
a
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
l
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
a
l,
w
h
ich
w
a
s
alr
ea
d
y
r
ea
d
y
f
o
r
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
,
s
to
r
ag
e
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
m
e
m
o
r
y
[
7
]
.
OSH
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
0
]
w
er
e
u
s
ed
as
w
ell
a
s
t
h
e
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
Me
g
a
a
n
d
P
I
C
1
8
L
F
4
6
2
0
/
C
C
2
4
3
0
/
S3
C
2
4
4
0
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
a
n
d
as
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
t
h
e
v
ar
io
u
s
c
h
ea
p
o
r
p
r
o
tecte
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
w
er
e
u
s
ed
[
7
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
n
ec
t
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ices
in
"
th
e
C
lo
u
d
"
as
an
id
ea
I
o
T
(
"
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
"
)
.
W
h
at
is
n
o
t
co
m
p
letel
y
d
o
n
e,
b
u
t
is
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
[
8
]
is
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
W
i
-
Fi n
et
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
i
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
ad
ap
t
ab
le
to
u
s
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
a
n
d
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
al
m
o
s
t e
v
er
y
w
h
er
e.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
co
v
er
s
is
s
u
e
s
o
f
in
s
t
allatio
n
o
f
cu
s
to
m
e
lectr
o
n
ics,
w
h
ic
h
co
llects
d
ata
to
th
e
s
er
v
er
w
h
er
e
th
e
u
s
er
m
a
k
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
g
at
h
er
in
g
,
s
to
r
in
g
,
m
an
ag
in
g
a
n
d
/o
r
m
a
n
ip
u
lati
n
g
d
ata.
T
h
e
ai
m
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
s
to
an
al
y
ze
t
h
e
m
ar
k
et,
to
tak
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
a
v
ailab
l
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
at
a
n
a
v
er
ag
e
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
h
as
w
i
th
i
n
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ca
teg
o
r
i
es,
an
d
co
m
p
ile
a
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ic
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
all
d
esire
d
v
a
lu
es.
Data
s
tr
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
p
o
w
er
v
al
u
es
co
ll
ec
ted
v
ia
OSH
ar
e:
v
o
ltag
e
s
(
U)
,
cu
r
r
en
ts
(
I
)
,
an
d
p
o
w
er
(
P
)
.
Ma
n
y
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
ar
e
n
o
t
s
tr
an
g
er
s
to
OS
H
a
n
d
OSS
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
W
h
at
is
n
e
w
i
s
a
p
r
esen
ted
m
u
ltid
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
u
i
ta
b
le
f
o
r
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
,
r
esear
c
h
tea
m
s
,
ac
ad
e
m
ic
in
s
t
itu
tio
n
s
,
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
is
m
ad
e
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
o
r
d
er
:
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ch
ap
ter
p
r
esen
ts
OSH
an
d
OSS
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
w
h
ic
h
th
e
w
h
o
le
d
ev
ice
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
ite
is
as
s
e
m
b
le
d
,
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
s
ite
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
s
e
m
b
li
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
ter
w
i
th
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
c
h
ap
ter
is
test
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
eter
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
d
ata
co
llec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
p
o
in
t
an
d
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
s
t
h
at
ar
e
o
n
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
T
h
e
f
i
f
t
h
c
h
ap
ter
co
n
cl
u
d
es
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
Au
to
m
a
tic
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
m
eter
r
e
ad
in
g
t
h
at
r
elies
o
n
a
W
i
-
F
i
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
h
as
al
r
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
[
5
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
te
m
,
A
M
R
u
s
es
W
i
-
Fi
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
to
s
en
d
d
ata
to
a
r
em
o
te
s
er
v
er
.
Data
tr
an
s
f
er
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
w
it
h
i
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ie
d
p
er
io
d
as
a
p
ac
k
et
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
i
n
cl
u
d
es
ev
er
y
t
h
i
n
g
a
u
s
er
o
f
A
M
R
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
es.
T
i
m
e
p
er
io
d
,
in
w
h
ic
h
a
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t,
is
d
ef
i
n
ed
i
n
th
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
w
h
e
n
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
s
et
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
Pack
ag
e
s
s
e
n
t
v
ia
W
i
-
Fi
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
w
it
h
i
n
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
HT
ML
(
H
y
p
er
T
ex
t
Ma
r
k
u
p
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e)
1
.
0
,
w
h
ich
i
s
al
s
o
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
p
r
esen
tat
io
n
o
f
s
elec
ted
d
at
a
o
n
th
e
ch
o
s
en
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
u
s
er
is
ab
le
to
s
ee
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
tat
io
n
o
f
d
ata
o
n
an
y
d
ev
ic
e
th
at
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
n
n
e
ct
to
W
i
-
Fi
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
u
s
b
ar
(
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices,
tab
lets
,
p
o
r
tab
le
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
,
etc.
)
,
an
d
th
at
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
e
HT
ML
1
.
0
s
cr
ip
tin
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e.
Du
e
to
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
W
i
-
Fi
(
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
)
p
r
o
t
o
co
l,
s
u
ch
as
u
n
li
m
ited
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
b
u
s
b
ar
,
ea
s
y
an
d
q
u
ic
k
s
et
u
p
o
f
all
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
et
tin
g
s
,
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
n
n
ec
t
iv
i
t
y
,
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
s
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
i
o
n
p
latf
o
r
m
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
MR
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
M
R
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ie
s
th
a
t
ar
e
av
ail
ab
le
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
W
i
-
F
i
p
r
o
to
co
l
ar
e
ex
p
an
d
ab
le
s
i
m
p
l
y
b
y
a
s
s
e
m
b
li
n
g
a
n
e
w
A
M
R
m
eter
t
h
at
w
o
u
ld
o
v
er
a
W
i
-
Fi
b
u
s
o
r
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
t
h
er
n
et
ca
b
le
co
n
n
ec
t
to
t
h
e
W
i
-
Fi
r
o
u
ter
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
A
MR
m
e
ter
,
b
y
w
h
ich
t
h
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
w
o
u
ld
ex
p
a
n
d
to
a
n
e
w
L
A
N
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
a
v
ailab
le
to
th
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
o
f
A
M
R
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
ab
o
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es
ar
e
co
llected
w
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
p
r
i
m
ar
y
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
at
p
o
w
er
ca
b
les
u
s
i
n
g
C
u
r
r
en
t
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
(
SMT
)
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
i
s
co
n
v
er
ted
to
a
n
alo
g
a
n
d
d
ig
ital
s
i
g
n
als
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
e
co
n
d
ar
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
th
at
i
s
lo
ca
ted
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
f
s
m
ar
t
m
eter
.
T
h
e
d
ata
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
d
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
A
r
d
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F
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R
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NC
E
S
[1
]
V
.
R.
G
o
g
in
e
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
Do
m
e
stic
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
M
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
u
sin
g
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,”
IJ
ECE
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
6
8
5
~
6
9
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
S
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
I
.
C
h
a
n
a
,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
Bil
li
n
g
a
n
d
M
e
teri
n
g
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
f
o
r
In
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
a
s
a
S
e
rv
ice
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Clo
u
d
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s S
c
ien
c
e
(
I
J
-
CL
OS
ER
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
2
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
3
-
1
3
3
,
2
0
1
3.
[3
]
N.
W
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
th
e
Re
m
o
te
W
irele
ss
M
e
ter
Re
a
d
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
G
P
RS
,”
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
11
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
6
3
5
8
~
6
3
6
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
A
.
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
E
lec
tri
c
M
e
ter
R
e
a
d
in
g
S
y
ste
m
:
A
Co
st
-
F
e
a
sib
le
A
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
In
M
e
ter
Re
a
d
in
g
F
o
r
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
P
e
rsp
e
c
t
iv
e
Us
in
g
L
o
w
-
Co
st
Dig
it
a
l
W
a
tt
m
e
ter
a
n
d
W
i
m
a
x
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
.
En
g
.
T
e
c
h
,
v
o
l/
issu
e
:
8
(3
)
,
p
p
.
8
0
0
-
8
0
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
M
.
I.
A
f
rid
i
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
G
S
M
Ba
se
d
S
m
a
rt
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
I
J
ECE
)
,
v
ol
/
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e
:
2
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
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9
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
H.
S
h
a
h
in
z
a
d
e
h
a
n
d
A
.
H
.
Kh
o
sro
sh
a
h
i,
“
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
S
m
a
r
t
M
e
terin
g
S
y
ste
m
s:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
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I
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