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m
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I
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RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
g
en
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al,
r
eso
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a
to
r
s
in
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s
u
ch
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te
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s
[1
-
3]
f
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s
[4
-
5]
,
s
w
itc
h
es
[6
-
7]
,
am
p
li
f
ier
[
8
]
,
ab
s
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r
b
er
[
9
]
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
ese
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s
ar
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en
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m
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s
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is
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io
n
lin
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[
1
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]
,
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[
8
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r
in
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[
3
]
,
[
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]
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m
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[
1
1
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co
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[
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2
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s
d
e
s
cr
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ed
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1
3
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th
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s
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[
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3
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5
-
20]
.
T
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m
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m
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G
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w
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w
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Fro
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A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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21
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2
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ra
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4
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u
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1
3
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,
h
en
ce
√
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(
)
+
(
6)
w
h
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is
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f
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ti
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n
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d
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6
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m
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R
4
s
u
b
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tr
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m
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3
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(
6
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,
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d
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S
21
w
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s
g
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v
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(
)
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(
(
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(
7)
T
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lcu
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th
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s
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in
m
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tu
b
r
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n
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r
[
1
3
]
,
√
(
8)
w
h
er
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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A
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p
en
to
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
it
to
th
e
m
a
in
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e.
I
f
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
v
o
ltag
e
(
-
5
V)
w
as
ap
p
lie
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
,
D
w
o
u
ld
b
e
in
t
h
e
OFF
s
tate
a
n
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
tu
b
r
es
o
n
ato
r
w
o
u
ld
b
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
lin
e.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
d
it
io
n
,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
as a
n
allp
ass
b
et
w
ee
n
P
o
r
t
2
an
d
Po
r
t 1
.
(
a
)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it
Di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
S
w
itc
h
ab
le
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
L
in
e
Stu
b
R
e
s
o
n
ato
r
,
(
a)
C
ir
cu
it
O
p
er
atio
n
: (
b
)
ON
State
(
B
an
d
s
to
p
R
esp
o
n
s
e
)
a
n
d
(
c)
OFF
State
(
A
llp
as
s
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
)
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
ab
le
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
d
w
it
h
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
n
ee
d
to
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
is
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
a
n
y
s
w
i
tch
in
g
ele
m
e
n
t
s
u
c
h
as
ME
M
s
an
d
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
es
ca
n
d
eter
io
r
ate
cir
cu
it’s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
a
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
1
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
t
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
r
ea
cta
n
ce
(
e.
g
.
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
r
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
)
o
r
r
esis
tan
ce
i
n
th
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
ele
m
e
n
ts
.
I
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
co
m
p
en
s
a
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
th
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
ta
g
e
o
n
th
e
s
w
i
tch
ab
le
r
eso
n
ato
r
d
esig
n
.
Fo
r
in
s
t
an
ce
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
len
g
t
h
o
f
a
m
ic
r
o
s
tr
ip
r
eso
n
ato
r
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
e
n
s
ate
t
h
e
p
ar
asit
ic
r
ea
ct
an
ce
th
at
a
f
f
ec
ts
t
h
e
f
ilter
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
2
6
]
.
3.
O
P
E
N
ST
UB
R
E
SO
NA
T
O
R
I
N
DUAL
I
SO
L
AT
I
O
N
B
AND
O
F
SPDT SW
I
T
CH
As
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
d
u
a
l
i
s
o
latio
n
b
an
d
o
f
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
w
it
h
o
p
en
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
(
b
ased
o
n
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e)
w
a
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
i
n
2
.
3
GHz
an
d
3
.
5
GHz
.
T
h
e
s
w
itc
h
ab
le
o
p
e
n
s
tu
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
o
f
S1
an
d
S2
w
er
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
w
ith
s
er
ies P
I
N
d
io
d
e
o
f
D5
i
n
tr
an
s
m
it
ar
m
,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
o
f
S3
a
n
d
S4
w
er
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
w
it
h
s
er
ie
s
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
o
f
D6
in
r
ec
ei
v
e
ar
m
.
T
h
e
S2
an
d
S3
ar
e
r
eso
n
ated
at
2
.
3
GHz
w
h
ile
th
e
S1
an
d
S4
a
r
e
r
eso
n
ated
at
3
.
5
GHz
.
I
n
th
is
d
esi
g
n
,
th
e
i
s
o
latio
n
o
f
th
e
SP
DT
is
d
e
p
en
d
o
n
th
ese
o
p
en
s
tu
b
r
eso
n
a
to
r
s
d
u
e
to
its
atte
n
u
a
tio
n
(
o
r
n
o
tch
)
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
also
th
e
s
er
ies P
I
N
d
io
d
es.
B
esid
es,
q
u
ar
ter
w
a
v
ele
n
g
th
l
in
es
(
λ/4
)
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
th
e
cir
cu
it
o
f
tr
an
s
m
i
t
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
ar
m
s
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
w
er
e
p
lace
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
an
d
th
e
s
er
ies
P
I
N
d
io
d
e.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
λ/4
l
in
e
s
i
s
to
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
lo
w
i
m
p
ed
an
c
e
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
t
u
b
r
es
o
n
ato
r
to
h
i
g
h
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
in
t
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
li
n
e.
So
,
th
is
w
o
u
ld
p
r
ev
en
t
a
n
y
R
F
lea
k
ag
e
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
an
s
m
it
(
P
o
r
t
1
)
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
(
Po
r
t
3
)
ar
m
s
w
h
er
e
it
i
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as is
o
latio
n
,
S
31
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
2
9
0
0
–
2
910
2904
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
ir
cu
it
Dia
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Du
al
I
s
o
latio
n
B
a
n
d
o
f
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
w
it
h
S
w
itc
h
ab
le
Op
en
St
u
b
R
eso
n
ato
r
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
cir
cu
it
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
u
al
i
s
o
latio
n
b
an
d
o
f
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
.
Du
e
to
t
h
e
s
y
m
m
etr
icall
y
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
o
f
th
e
SP
DT
cir
cu
it,
f
o
r
t
h
e
cir
c
u
it
o
p
er
atio
n
,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
m
o
d
e
is
o
n
l
y
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Hen
ce
,
in
tr
an
s
m
it
m
o
d
e,
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
o
f
D1
an
d
D2
w
er
e
in
O
FF
s
tate
w
it
h
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
+5
V,
w
h
ile
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
o
f
D
3
an
d
D4
w
er
e
i
n
ON
s
tate
w
it
h
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
-
5
V.
Fo
r
t
h
e
s
er
ies
P
I
N
d
io
d
es,
th
e
D5
w
a
s
i
n
ON
s
tat
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
D6
w
a
s
i
n
OFF
s
ta
te.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
b
o
t
h
S1
an
d
S2
cr
ea
ted
an
allp
ass
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
th
e
D5
w
a
s
in
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
ited
.
T
h
u
s
,
R
F
s
i
g
n
als
p
r
o
p
ag
ated
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
m
it
(
P
o
r
t
1
)
to
an
ten
n
a
(
P
o
r
t
2
)
w
it
h
lo
w
i
n
s
er
tio
n
lo
s
s
.
O
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
w
i
tch
ab
le
o
p
en
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
s
o
f
S3
an
d
S4
i
n
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
e
ar
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
as
a
b
a
n
d
s
to
p
f
il
ter
an
d
t
h
e
D6
w
as
i
n
o
p
en
cir
cu
ited
.
A
s
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
t,
t
h
ese
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
cr
ea
ted
h
ig
h
is
o
latio
n
at
2
.
3
an
d
3
.
5
GHz
in
th
e
SP
DT
s
w
i
tch
b
et
w
ee
n
tr
a
n
s
m
it a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
p
o
r
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
ir
cu
it
Di
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
Du
al
I
s
o
latio
n
B
a
n
d
o
f
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
w
it
h
S
w
itc
h
ab
le
Op
en
Stu
b
R
e
s
o
n
ato
r
s
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
c
ir
cu
it
o
p
er
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
r
ec
ei
v
e
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
i
t
m
o
d
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
D
T
s
w
itch
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
u
al
i
s
o
latio
n
b
an
d
o
f
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
cir
cu
it
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
,
w
a
s
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
i
n
A
d
v
an
ce
d
Desi
g
n
S
y
s
te
m
(
A
DS)
s
o
f
t
war
e
f
o
r
S
-
p
ar
a
m
eter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
i
m
u
latio
n
an
d
la
y
o
u
t
d
esi
g
n
.
T
o
b
u
ild
u
p
th
e
cir
cu
it,
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
m
o
d
el
in
A
D
S
w
as
u
s
ed
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
F
R
4
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
c
h
as b
o
ar
d
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
=
1
.
6
m
m
an
d
r
elati
v
e
d
i
elec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
ε
r
=
4
.
7
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
ar
y
o
f
C
ir
cu
i
t O
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
DT
s
w
itc
h
w
it
h
S
w
itc
h
ab
le
O
p
en
Stu
b
R
e
s
o
n
ato
r
s
T
r
a
n
smit
M
o
d
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
e
M
o
d
e
V
b
i
a
s
1
+
5
V
o
l
t
-
5
V
o
l
t
V
b
i
a
s
2
-
5
V
o
l
t
+
5
V
o
l
t
S
e
r
i
e
s P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
(
D
5
)
O
N
st
a
t
e
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
S
e
r
i
e
s P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
(
D
6
)
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
O
N
st
a
t
e
S
h
u
n
t
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
s (D
1
&
D
2
)
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
O
N
st
a
t
e
S
h
u
n
t
P
I
N
d
i
o
d
e
s (D
3
&
D
4
)
O
N
st
a
t
e
O
F
F
st
a
t
e
O
p
e
n
S
t
u
b
R
e
so
n
a
t
o
r
s (
S1
&
S2
)
A
l
l
p
a
ss re
sp
o
n
se
B
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
r
e
sp
o
n
se
O
p
e
n
S
t
u
b
R
e
so
n
a
t
o
r
s (
S3
&
S4
)
B
a
n
d
s
t
o
p
r
e
sp
o
n
se
A
l
l
p
a
ss re
sp
o
n
se
T
h
e
p
a
r
asit
ic
ele
m
en
t
s
o
f
P
I
N
d
io
d
es
s
u
c
h
as
j
u
n
ctio
n
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
,
C
j
a
n
d
s
er
ie
s
i
n
d
u
cta
n
c
e,
L
s
w
er
e
co
n
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in
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ato
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t
h
e
f
i
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d
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io
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
A
n
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to
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d
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w
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ig
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r
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)
.
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h
e
g
r
ap
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in
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r
e
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a)
w
as
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lc
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6
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,
w
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e
g
r
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in
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g
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7
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lated
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ca
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ased
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s
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tr
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m
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(
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W
id
th
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
6
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
2
9
0
0
–
2
910
2906
As
a
co
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N
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i
f
t
w
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t
h
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tr
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n
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ato
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b
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ac
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N
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io
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s
s
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o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
(
a)
it
s
h
i
f
ted
f
r
o
m
3
.
5
GHz
to
2
.
8
6
GHz
,
w
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er
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t
h
er
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w
a
s
1
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.
3
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o
f
f
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eq
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e
n
c
y
s
h
i
f
t
f
r
o
m
3
.
5
GHz
.
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h
e
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
s
h
i
f
t
w
a
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
s
o
f
r
ea
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n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
b
y
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
(
ON
s
tate)
.
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t
in
cr
ea
s
ed
th
e
to
tal
in
d
u
c
tan
ce
i
n
th
e
cir
cu
it,
h
e
n
ce
th
e
r
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n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
h
i
f
ted
to
th
e
lo
w
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
B
esi
d
es,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
th
e
at
ten
u
a
tio
n
h
ad
also
d
r
o
p
p
ed
f
r
o
m
3
1
.
5
d
B
to
2
3
.
8
d
B
,
g
iv
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n
g
2
4
.
4
%
o
f
at
ten
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r
ed
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ctio
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r
o
m
3
1
.
5
d
B
atten
u
a
tio
n
.
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h
e
atten
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atio
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ed
u
c
tio
n
w
a
s
d
u
e
to
th
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i
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
,
L
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an
d
r
esi
s
tan
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,
R
f
o
f
t
h
e
P
I
N
d
io
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
a
ch
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g
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o
f
r
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u
r
n
lo
s
s
r
esp
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n
s
e
b
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w
ee
n
tr
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n
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m
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s
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io
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lin
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s
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u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
w
it
h
an
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
I
N
d
io
d
e.
(a
)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8.
B
an
d
s
to
p
R
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
L
i
n
e
St
u
b
R
e
s
o
n
ato
r
w
ith
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
I
N
Di
o
d
e;
(
a)
S
21
an
d
(
b
)
S
11
Fig
u
r
e
9
g
en
er
all
y
s
h
o
w
s
a
f
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eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
es
b
et
w
ee
n
b
an
d
s
to
p
an
d
allp
ass
o
f
th
e
s
w
itc
h
ab
le
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
as
m
ad
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b
et
w
ee
n
w
i
th
o
u
t
a
n
d
w
it
h
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
(
af
ter
o
p
tim
izatio
n
)
.
T
h
e
S
21
g
r
ap
h
w
a
s
p
lo
tted
f
r
o
m
1
to
6
GHz
.
Fig
u
r
es
9
(
a)
is
th
e
b
an
d
s
to
p
r
esp
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n
s
e
w
h
il
e
Fig
u
r
es
9
(
b
)
is
th
e
allp
as
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
A
s
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
s
h
i
f
t
o
f
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
,
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
tr
an
s
m
is
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n
l
in
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tu
b
r
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t
o
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h
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e
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ea
d
j
u
s
ted
in
o
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d
er
to
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m
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en
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ate
t
h
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r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
h
i
f
t
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
asit
ic
in
d
u
cta
n
ce
o
f
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
(
ON
s
tate)
.
B
y
r
ed
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g
t
h
e
s
t
u
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
len
g
th
to
8
.
6
5
m
m
,
t
h
e
r
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n
an
t
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
h
ad
s
h
if
ted
b
ac
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to
3
.
5
GHz
.
I
t
w
a
s
2
3
%
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f
le
n
g
th
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ed
u
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
ig
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n
al
len
g
t
h
,
1
1
.
3
m
m
.
B
es
id
es,
th
e
s
i
m
u
lated
atten
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a
tio
n
w
as
2
3
.
6
d
B
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w
h
ic
h
w
a
s
7
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9
d
B
lo
w
er
th
a
n
t
h
e
atten
u
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
s
tu
b
r
eso
n
ato
r
,
3
1
.
5
d
B
.
(
a)
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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s
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h
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a
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h
w
o
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
.
R.
Ha
m
id
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
V
iv
a
ld
i
A
n
ten
n
a
W
it
h
In
teg
ra
ted
S
w
it
c
h
a
b
le
Ba
n
d
P
a
ss
Re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
,
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
59
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
4
0
0
8
–
4
0
1
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
]
F
.
M
a
lek
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
S
tru
c
tu
re
o
f
Qu
a
d
ru
p
le
P
-
S
p
ira
l
S
p
l
it
Ri
n
g
Re
so
n
a
to
r
(
Q
P
S
-
S
R
R
)
o
n
M
o
d
if
ied
M
in
k
o
w
sk
i
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
De
sig
n
,
”
Ap
p
l
ied
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s
(
AP
ACE
),
2
0
1
2
IE
EE
Asia
-
P
a
c
if
ic
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
142
–
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
G
.
S
.
Ra
jn
i
a
n
d
A
.
M
a
rw
a
h
a
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
S
p
li
t
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
L
o
a
d
e
d
M
icro
stri
p
L
in
e
w
it
h
Diff
e
re
n
t
Orie
n
tatio
n
s,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
3
–
1
3
7
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
B.
A
.
A
d
o
u
m
a
n
d
P
.
W
.
W
o
n
g
,
“
M
in
iatu
rize
d
M
a
tch
e
d
Ba
n
d
-
S
to
p
F
i
lt
e
r
Ba
se
d
Du
a
l
M
o
d
e
Re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
Na
t
io
n
a
l
Po
stg
ra
d
u
a
te C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
NPC)
,
p
p
.
7
–
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
I.
C.
H
u
n
ter,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
a
ss
iv
e
m
icro
w
a
v
e
re
c
e
i
v
e
f
il
ter
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
u
sin
g
l
o
w
-
Q
re
so
n
a
to
rs,”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
M
a
g
a
zi
n
e
,
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
4
6
–
5
3
,
2
0
0
5
.
[6
]
N.
A
.
S
h
a
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
P
DT
Disc
re
te
S
w
it
c
h
De
sig
n
u
sin
g
S
w
it
c
h
a
b
le
Ra
d
ial
S
t
u
b
Re
so
n
a
to
r
f
o
r
W
iM
A
X
a
n
d
L
T
E
in
3
.
5
G
Hz
Ba
n
d
,
”
RF
a
n
d
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
RF
M
),
2
0
1
3
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E
EE
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
M
.
Ha
n
g
a
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
il
li
m
e
ter
-
W
a
v
e
Hig
h
-
P
o
w
e
r
M
M
IC
S
w
it
c
h
w
it
h
M
u
l
ti
p
le
F
ET
Re
so
n
a
to
rs,”
IEI
CE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
E9
0
–
C
(
9
)
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
5
–
1
7
0
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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A
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to
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l I
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2909
[8
]
Z.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
C.
P
a
rk
,
“
No
v
e
l
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
G
a
N
HEM
T
P
o
w
e
r
Am
p
li
f
ier
Us
in
g
M
icro
strip
Ra
d
ial
S
tu
b
t
o
S
u
p
p
re
ss
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m Dig
e
st.
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
p
p
.
5
–
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
H.
No
rn
ik
m
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
S
p
iral
S
p
li
t
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
to
r
(S
-
S
R
R)
S
tru
c
tu
re
o
n
T
ru
n
c
a
ted
P
y
ra
m
i
d
a
l
M
icro
w
a
v
e
A
b
so
rb
e
r
De
sig
n
,
”
An
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(
IS
AP
),
2
0
1
2
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
8
–
1
1
9
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
N.
A
.
S
h
a
iri
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
S
P
DT
S
w
it
c
h
w
it
h
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
Li
n
e
S
tu
b
Re
so
n
a
to
r
f
o
r
W
iM
A
X
a
n
d
L
T
E
in
3
.
5
G
H
z
Ba
n
d
,
”
AR
PN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
11
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
3
1
9
8
–
3
2
0
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
M
.
M
.
M
a
n
s
o
u
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
e
ta
m
a
teria
l
Zero
th
-
Ord
e
r
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
Ba
se
d
o
n
M
IM
Ca
p
a
c
it
o
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
N
a
n
o
De
v
ice
s,
S
e
n
so
rs
a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
(
IJ
-
Na
n
o
)
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
7
–
1
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
S
.
K.
M
.
Kh
a
n
f
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Rin
g
R
e
so
n
a
to
r
w
it
h
a
Qu
a
rter
-
W
a
v
e
len
g
th
Co
u
p
led
-
L
i
n
e
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
W
ire
les
s T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
I
S
W
T
A),
2
0
1
2
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
siu
m o
n
,
p
p
.
8
9
–
91
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
3
]
D
.
M
.
P
o
z
a
r,
“
M
icro
w
a
v
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
”
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s,
I
n
c
.
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
4
]
M
.
M
a
k
im
o
to
a
n
d
S
.
Ya
m
a
sh
it
a
,
“
M
icro
w
a
v
e
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
a
n
d
F
il
te
rs
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
:
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
De
sig
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
5
]
Ja
c
k
Bro
w
n
e
,
“
RF
F
ro
n
t
E
n
d
Is R
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le,”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
&
RF
,
p
p
.
7
4
–
7
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
J.
E.
M
u
e
ll
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
f
o
r
r
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
4
G
f
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
s,”
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m Dig
e
st (
IM
S
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
Z.
Brit
o
-
Brit
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
c
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
M
icro
w
a
v
e
F
il
ters
,
”
2
0
1
1
S
BM
O/IEE
E
M
T
T
-
S
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
a
n
d
Op
t
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
IM
OC 2
0
1
1
)
,
p
p
.
3
3
8
–
3
4
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
8
]
R.
M
a
lm
q
v
ist,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
Ba
n
d
a
n
d
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
F
ro
n
t
-
E
n
d
s
f
o
r
F
lex
ib
le
a
n
d
M
u
l
ti
-
F
u
n
c
t
io
n
a
l
RF
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
Asia
-
Pa
c
if
ic M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
9
]
S
.
G
o
s
w
a
m
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
A
g
il
e
RF
F
ro
n
ten
d
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
f
o
r
M
u
lt
i
-
Ba
n
d
T
DD
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
o
li
d
-
S
t
a
te Ci
rc
u
it
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
49
(
10
)
,
p
p
.
2
1
2
7
–
2
1
4
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
H.
Y
o
u
n
e
sira
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
m
a
ll
M
u
lt
i
-
Ba
n
d
Re
c
tan
g
u
lar Diele
c
tri
c
Re
so
n
a
to
r
A
n
ten
n
a
s f
o
r
P
e
rso
n
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
De
v
ice
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
1
]
E.
J.
Na
g
li
c
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
T
u
n
a
b
le
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
-
to
-
Ba
n
d
sto
p
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
F
il
ter
W
it
h
In
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
Ba
n
d
w
id
th
s
a
n
d
T
u
n
a
b
le
Re
sp
o
n
se
S
h
a
p
e
,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
58
(
12
)
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
0
–
3
7
7
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
2
]
J.
X
.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
T
u
n
a
b
le
A
n
d
S
w
it
c
h
a
b
le
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
F
il
ters
Us
in
g
S
lo
t
-
L
in
e
Re
so
n
a
to
rs
,
”
Pro
g
re
ss
In
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
5
–
4
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
3
]
E.
J.
Na
g
li
c
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
w
it
c
h
les
s
T
u
n
a
b
le
Ba
n
d
sto
p
-
to
-
A
ll
-
P
a
ss
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
F
il
ter,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
/is
su
e
:
60
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
8
–
1
2
6
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
4
]
M
.
K.
Zah
a
ri,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le
Du
a
l
-
M
o
d
e
Rin
g
Re
so
n
a
t
o
r
M
a
tch
e
d
Ba
n
d
sto
p
F
il
ter,”
W
ire
l
e
ss
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
IS
W
T
A),
2
0
1
2
I
EE
E
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
,
p
p
.
7
1
–
74
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
5
]
A
.
M
.
S
.
Zo
b
il
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
RF
S
w
it
c
h
e
s
in
W
id
e
-
,
Bro
a
d
-
,
a
n
d
M
u
lt
i
-
Ba
n
d
RF
F
r
o
n
t
-
En
d
o
f
W
irele
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s :
A
n
Ov
e
r
v
ie
w
,
”
AR
PN
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
11
(
5
)
,
p
p
.
3
2
4
4
–
3
2
4
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
6
]
P.
Y.
Ch
a
n
g
a
n
d
Y.
S
.
L
in
,
“
El
e
c
tro
n
ica
ll
y
S
w
it
c
h
a
b
le
M
icro
strip
Ba
n
d
p
a
ss
F
il
ter
w
it
h
G
o
o
d
S
e
lec
ti
v
it
y
,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s (
AP
M
C),
2
0
1
1
Asia
-
Pa
c
if
ic
,
v
o
l.
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
8
–
1
1
6
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
7
]
W
.
S
.
L
e
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ba
n
d
-
S
to
p
RF
S
w
it
c
h
Us
in
g
a
Du
a
l
-
M
o
d
e
S
tep
p
e
d
-
Im
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
M
icro
stri
p
R
in
g
Re
so
n
a
to
r,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
Eu
M
C),
2
0
1
0
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
,
p
p
.
3
1
6
–
3
1
9
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
8
]
Y.
Hs
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
in
g
le
-
c
h
ip
RF
F
ro
n
t
-
e
n
d
M
M
IC
u
si
n
g
In
G
a
As
E/
D
-
p
HEM
T
f
o
r
3
.
5
G
Hz
W
iM
AX
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
4
1
9
–
4
2
2
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
9
]
M
.
U.
Na
z
ir,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
IN
Dio
d
e
M
o
d
e
ll
i
n
g
f
o
r
S
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Hig
h
P
o
w
e
r
L
i
m
it
e
r,
Di
g
it
a
ll
y
Co
n
tr
o
ll
e
d
P
h
a
se
S
h
if
ter
a
n
d
Hig
h
Iso
latio
n
S
P
DT
S
w
it
c
h
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
2
0
1
3
1
0
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Bh
u
rb
a
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IBCA
S
T
)
,
p
p
.
4
3
9
–
4
4
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
0
]
H.
R.
A
h
n
a
n
d
B.
Kim
,
“
A
Ri
n
g
F
il
ter
S
w
it
c
h
f
o
r
A
L
o
w
L
o
ss
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
a
n
d
V
e
ry
S
h
a
rp
B
a
n
d
sto
p
F
i
lt
e
r,
”
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
49
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
2
8
2
8
–
2
8
3
0
,
2
0
0
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
Ya
h
y
a
Alg
u
m
a
e
i
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
IBB,
Ye
m
e
n
in
1
9
9
1
.
He
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
d
o
in
g
h
is
B.
En
g
.
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(F
KEKK
),
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
ik
a
l
M
a
la
y
sia
M
e
lak
a
(U
T
e
M
),
w
h
e
re
h
is
F
in
a
l
Ye
a
r
P
ro
jec
t
f
o
c
u
se
s
o
n
RF
sw
it
c
h
-
m
icro
w
a
v
e
f
il
t
e
rin
g
.
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