I
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lect
rica
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ee
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(
I
J
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Vo
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9
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3
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J
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201
9
,
p
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.
2018
~
2
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2
4
I
SS
N:
2088
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8708
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DOI
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ttp
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I
JE
C
E
The tele
co
m
va
lue chain, op
po
r
tun
ities and r
ev
enues
cre
a
ted
by
the
nig
eria
n
t
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c
o
m
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m
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k
a
n N
k
o
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deh
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irue
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a
nley
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e
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bin
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a
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el
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ra
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Un
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e
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3
IT
Co
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su
lt
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e
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De
p
a
rtme
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tri
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tro
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r
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1
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u
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In
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li
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rim
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th
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e
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is
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e
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y
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tt
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k
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p
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g
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z
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tele
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o
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in
d
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stry
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a
t
b
r
o
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g
h
t
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
in
v
o
lv
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m
e
n
t
o
f
p
riv
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te
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v
e
sto
rs
in
to
t
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e
se
c
to
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th
e
o
p
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rt
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n
it
ies
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e
n
u
e
s
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
h
a
s
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ro
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g
h
t
a
b
o
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t
a
trem
e
n
d
o
u
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
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th
e
e
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o
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o
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y
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h
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o
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se
c
to
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ly
se
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o
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d
a
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n
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a
s
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n
d
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stry
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t
h
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a
m
o
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n
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o
f
f
in
a
n
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tri
b
u
tes
t
o
th
e
f
e
d
e
ra
l
a
c
c
o
u
n
t.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
d
isc
u
ss
e
s
so
m
e
o
f
th
e
v
a
lu
e
c
h
a
i
n
s,
o
p
p
o
rt
u
n
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ti
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s,
re
v
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n
u
e
th
a
t
th
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c
o
m
in
d
u
stry
h
a
s
b
ro
u
g
h
t
to
Nig
e
ria.
It
u
se
s
d
a
ta o
b
tai
n
e
d
f
ro
m
re
lev
a
n
t
a
u
th
o
rit
ies
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Op
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
R
ev
e
n
u
e
T
elec
o
m
s
Valu
e
ch
a
in
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Uza
ir
u
e
Sta
n
le
y
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
v
e
n
an
t U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
,
Ota,
Og
u
n
S
tate,
Nig
er
ia.
E
m
ail:
S
tan
le
y
.
u
za
ir
u
e
@
co
v
e
n
an
t
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
.
ed
u
.
n
g
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
Nig
er
ian
ec
o
n
o
m
y
h
a
s
b
ee
n
o
n
a
m
aj
o
r
d
o
w
n
t
u
r
n
s
i
n
ce
th
e
cr
as
h
in
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
cr
u
d
e
o
il,
r
esu
lti
n
g
in
a
s
er
io
u
s
d
eg
en
er
a
tio
n
in
th
e
d
w
in
d
li
n
g
r
ev
en
u
e
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
er
l
y
la
r
g
est s
o
u
r
ce
u
n
li
k
e
as
it
w
as
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
at
h
as
led
to
th
e
co
n
s
cio
u
s
r
ea
l
izatio
n
th
at
an
o
t
h
er
alter
n
ativ
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
o
u
g
h
t.
Nig
er
ia
n
ex
p
er
ts
ar
e
o
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th
e
o
p
in
io
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
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s
ec
to
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i
n
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
i
s
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
m
aj
o
r
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o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
n
atio
n
’
s
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
w
o
e
s
[
1
]
.
Fr
o
m
th
e
o
n
s
et,
as
Nig
er
ia
b
ec
a
m
e
a
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
m
ar
k
et,
it
w
as
u
tter
l
y
d
is
r
eg
ar
d
ed
as
a
s
p
r
in
g
o
f
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
in
co
m
e
d
u
e
to
ce
cit
y
its
p
o
ten
tial
b
y
alter
n
ati
v
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
1
9
9
2
,
th
e
Nig
er
ia
n
Go
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
ca
m
e
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
b
eg
in
d
er
eg
u
l
atio
n
o
f
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
to
b
r
in
g
to
g
eth
er
w
o
r
ld
i
n
v
es
to
r
s
to
b
o
o
s
t
th
is
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
.
E
v
er
y
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
in
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
t
h
r
iv
e
s
s
o
lel
y
b
y
f
o
r
ei
g
n
in
v
esto
r
s
.
T
h
e
Ni
g
e
r
ian
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
io
n
(
NC
C
)
w
as c
r
ea
ted
i
n
s
a
m
e
y
ea
r
to
s
er
v
e
a
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eg
u
lat
in
g
b
o
d
y
f
o
r
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
er
v
ice
s
.
T
h
is
w
a
s
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
to
i
n
i
tiatin
g
w
h
at
is
s
ee
n
to
d
ay
to
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
s
test
g
r
o
w
in
g
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
N
ig
er
ia
n
s
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
is
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ti
m
u
lated
b
y
v
ar
iet
y
f
ac
to
r
s
w
h
ic
h
i
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
d
er
e
g
u
la
tio
n
p
o
lic
y
o
f
t
h
e
Ni
g
er
ian
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t,
wo
r
l
d
w
id
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
o
f
th
e
m
ar
k
et.
T
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
u
n
d
er
w
e
n
t
s
o
m
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
a
l
ch
an
g
es
an
d
lar
g
e
s
ca
le
g
r
o
w
t
h
lead
in
g
to
th
e
telec
o
m
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
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r
2
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th
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o
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m
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m
b
o
o
m
h
as s
tead
il
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
th
e
t
h
o
u
s
a
n
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
tellig
en
t fir
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d
etec
tio
n
a
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d
a
lert
s
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u
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1
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A
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9
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2
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3
[
2
]
I
n
th
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p
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th
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T
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m
u
n
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y
b
r
in
g
s
to
lig
h
t
h
o
w
tele
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ca
n
f
o
s
ter
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
Ni
g
er
ia.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
m
o
b
iles
,
Nig
er
ia
h
ad
a
co
n
g
e
s
ted
,
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
n
d
u
n
-
u
s
er
f
r
ien
d
l
y
la
n
d
lin
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
m
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
w
aiti
n
g
to
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
s
tate
-
r
u
n
tele
co
m
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
N1
.
4
1
b
illi
o
n
t
o
Nig
er
ia’
s
GDP
in
1
s
t
q
u
ar
t
er
o
f
2
0
1
6
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
last
d
ec
ad
e,
th
e
Nig
er
i
an
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
h
a
s
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
lead
in
g
to
a
r
ap
id
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
n
atio
n
s
GDP
.
T
elec
o
m
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
s
u
ch
a
s
MT
N,
A
ir
tel,
Glo
,
E
tis
alat,
2
1
st
C
en
tu
r
y
h
a
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
i
m
m
e
n
s
el
y
to
Nig
er
ia
’
s
ec
o
n
o
m
y
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
r
ev
e
n
u
e
s
an
d
j
o
b
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
.
T
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
s
ec
to
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
N
1
,
5
8
0
b
illi
o
n
to
GDP
in
th
e
s
e
co
n
d
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
2
0
1
6
,
o
r
9
.
8
%
[
2
].
3.
O
P
P
O
RT
UNI
T
I
E
S IN
T
H
E
T
E
L
E
CO
M
I
NDUST
RY
I
n
th
e
y
ea
r
s
g
o
n
e
b
y
w
e
h
av
e
s
ee
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
’
i
n
cr
ea
s
e.
Du
e
to
th
is
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
ec
h
ar
g
e
ca
r
d
s
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
h
as
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
an
d
t
h
i
s
h
as
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
etailer
s
o
f
r
ec
h
a
r
g
e
ca
r
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
Nig
er
ia.
I
t
also
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
ed
ab
o
u
t 1
0
m
il
lio
n
j
o
b
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
ast 1
0
y
ea
r
s
[
3
]
.
I
t is
also
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
m
o
s
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
to
t
h
e
n
atio
n
s
GDP
[
3
].
T
h
e
d
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ec
to
r
in
1
9
2
2
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
eg
r
ee
7
5
allo
w
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
s
ec
to
r
an
d
ex
p
an
d
th
e
n
ati
o
n
s
’
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
f
ac
ilit
ies
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t
th
e
L
o
ca
l
Ma
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
o
f
E
q
u
ip
m
en
t
:
T
h
er
e
w
as
an
u
r
g
e
n
t
n
ee
d
to
ex
p
an
d
th
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
al
f
ac
ilit
y
r
elati
n
g
to
th
e
telec
o
m
s
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
i
s
w
ill
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
s
o
cial,
p
o
liti
ca
l,
c
u
lt
u
r
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
T
h
is
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
if
t
h
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
i
s
i
m
p
o
r
t
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
a
b
etter
f
o
r
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
p
ar
es
to
b
e
lo
ca
ll
y
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
ed
.
I
n
th
is
w
a
y
,
i
n
d
ig
e
n
o
u
s
i
n
v
esto
r
s
co
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
to
in
v
est
th
eir
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
to
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
t
h
e
telec
o
m
b
o
o
m
h
as b
r
o
u
g
h
t a
b
o
u
t lu
cr
at
iv
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess
id
ea
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
2
0
1
8
-
2
0
2
4
2020
4.
B
USI
NE
SS
O
P
P
O
RT
UN
I
T
I
E
S
T
h
e
r
esu
lt o
f
t
h
e
telec
o
m
b
o
o
m
h
as b
r
o
u
g
h
t a
b
o
u
t l
u
cr
ati
v
e
b
u
s
i
n
ess
id
ea
s
.
T
h
is
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
i
d
ea
s
w
h
e
n
ex
ac
ted
h
as m
ad
e
th
e
Nat
io
n
s
’
ec
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
also
u
n
e
m
p
lo
y
m
en
t
r
ate
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
id
ea
s
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
;
4
.
1
.
Ca
bles
I
n
Ni
g
er
ia,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
i
n
v
o
l
v
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ca
b
les
u
s
in
g
i
m
p
o
r
ted
co
p
p
er
an
d
o
th
er
lo
c
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
li
k
e
P
VC
(
P
o
ly
v
i
n
y
l
c
h
lo
r
id
e)
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
s
u
lat
io
n
.
A
ls
o
t
h
e
telec
o
m
b
o
o
m
in
N
ig
er
ia
h
a
s
b
r
o
u
g
h
t a
b
o
u
t th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
m
en
t o
f
f
ib
r
e
o
p
tics
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
t f
ib
r
e
o
p
tics
in
KM
(
in
2
0
1
4
)
.
Fib
r
e
o
p
tics
co
v
er
ed
3
,
7
7
4
k
m
i
n
2
0
0
6
an
d
in
2
0
1
2
it
co
v
er
s
o
v
er
2
2
,
9
8
2
k
m
[
6
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
telec
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
h
as
cr
ea
ted
th
e
m
ar
k
et
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
a
le
o
f
f
ib
r
e
o
p
tics
b
ec
au
s
e
as
a
t
Dec
e
m
b
er
2
0
1
4
th
e
telec
o
m
s
o
p
er
atin
g
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
h
ad
d
ep
lo
y
ed
a
co
m
b
i
n
ed
t
o
ta
l
o
f
8
0
,
9
3
8
k
m
o
f
f
ib
r
e
o
p
tics
[
5
]
-
[
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
p
r
esen
t
g
r
ap
h
o
f
o
n
lan
d
ac
ti
v
it
ies ag
ai
n
s
t
s
u
b
m
ar
in
e
ac
t
iv
i
tie
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fib
r
e
o
p
tics
in
KM
(
in
2
0
1
4
)
[
6
]
O
n
l
a
n
d
S
u
b
m
a
r
i
n
e
M
T
N
1
9
,
2
0
0
-
G
L
O
1
0
,
8
6
9
9
,
8
0
0
A
I
R
T
E
L
6
,
3
1
4
23
EM
T
S
4
,
3
0
0
-
M
U
L
TI
LI
N
K
S
5
,
7
8
9
-
V
I
S
A
F
O
N
E
43
-
M
T
N
-
F
X
D
1
2
,
5
1
8
6
,
6
8
2
21
st
C
EN
T
U
R
Y
5
0
0
0
1
i
p
N
X
4
0
0
4
2
4
T
O
TA
L
6
4
,
4
3
3
1
6
,
5
0
6
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
Gr
ap
h
o
f
o
n
lan
d
ac
ti
v
itie
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
s
u
b
m
ar
in
e
ac
t
iv
i
ties
4
.
2
.
F
a
cilit
es a
nd
s
er
v
ices
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
Ni
g
er
ia
i
s
o
v
er
1
4
0
m
i
llio
n
p
eo
p
le,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
telep
h
o
n
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
r
o
m
5
0
0
,
0
0
0
in
2
0
0
1
to
o
v
er
3
5
M
in
2
0
0
7
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
h
as
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
ab
o
u
t
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
f
ac
i
liti
e
s
an
d
s
er
v
ices
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
t
h
e
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
A
ls
o
i
n
th
e
telec
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
t
h
er
e
h
a
s
b
ee
n
an
ex
p
an
s
io
n
in
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
ase
s
ta
tio
n
s
n
atio
n
w
id
e.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
ex
p
an
s
io
n
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
p
r
ev
ailin
g
cir
c
u
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
w
h
er
e
th
e
n
ee
d
ed
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
i
s
u
s
u
all
y
i
m
p
o
r
ted
w
i
th
a
tten
d
a
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
f
o
r
e
ig
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
p
r
o
cu
r
e
m
e
n
t,
f
r
eig
h
tin
g
co
s
t,
lo
n
g
d
eli
v
er
y
p
er
io
d
,
etc.
T
h
er
e
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
n
o
o
th
er
r
ea
lis
t
ic
o
p
tio
n
th
an
to
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
a
n
d
in
v
o
lv
e
in
th
e
lo
ca
l
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
p
ar
es.
L
o
ca
l
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
o
f
s
w
itc
h
in
g
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
in
ce
n
o
s
in
g
le
co
m
p
an
y
e
x
is
ts
i
n
Nig
er
ia
o
r
ev
en
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
f
o
r
th
i
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Hen
ce
,
an
y
co
m
p
a
n
y
t
h
at
g
o
es
i
n
to
th
e
v
e
n
t
u
r
e
w
il
l
h
a
v
e
its
m
ar
k
et
b
ey
o
n
d
Nig
er
ia
’
s
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
r
o
n
tier
s
.
[
2
s
]
A
ls
o
,
s
er
v
ice
s
s
u
c
h
as I
n
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ices
,
P
a
y
p
h
o
n
e
s
er
v
ice
s
C
ell
u
lar
r
ad
io
p
h
o
n
e
s
er
v
ices
h
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I
n
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I
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N:
2088
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8708
I
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T
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.
Statis
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ase
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ase
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3
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Data
Sh
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Nu
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E
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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u
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4
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
I
n
tellig
en
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tio
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d
a
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s
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b
V
I
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(
F
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kru
lr
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2023
5.
RE
V
E
NU
E
G
E
N
E
RAT
E
D
F
RO
M
T
H
E
T
E
L
CO
M
M
UNICA
T
I
O
N
I
N
DUSR
Y
Nig
er
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is
co
n
s
id
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ed
as
th
e
lar
g
est
telec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
m
ar
k
et
in
Af
r
ica.
[
1
1
]
T
h
e
n
atio
n
s
’
ec
o
n
o
m
y
is
u
n
d
er
g
o
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s
p
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s
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m
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f
r
as
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r
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h
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ated
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v
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3
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n
.
[
1
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]
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2
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MT
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,
A
ir
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E
tis
alat
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d
Vis
af
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atest
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ated
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ile
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.
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ith
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illi
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lar
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t
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ib
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to
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s
o
v
er
all
telec
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m
s
r
e
v
e
n
u
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in
2
013.
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n
th
e
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0
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4
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s
ec
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ated
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8
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illi
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2
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.
A
s
w
it
h
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h
e
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en
d
th
e
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o
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ile
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o
i
ce
s
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en
t
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n
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ib
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ted
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e
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o
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t
at
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3
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illi
o
n
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h
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o
u
t
2
0
0
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llio
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in
c
r
ea
s
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
at
o
f
la
s
t y
ea
r
.
[
1
3
]
I
n
th
e
last
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
2
0
1
5
th
e
telec
o
m
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
g
e
n
er
ated
a
r
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en
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e
o
f
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,
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4
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illi
o
n
.
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n
th
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ir
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t
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ar
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6
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m
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ted
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4
1
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illi
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.
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h
is
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ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
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r
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en
u
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h
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ir
s
t
q
u
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o
f
2
0
1
6
is
N1
.
4
1
b
illi
o
n
.
[
1
4
-
15
]
I
n
th
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ec
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n
d
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o
f
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6
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ate
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5
8
0
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illi
o
n
1
6
7]
.
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
Fro
m
d
ata
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
an
d
g
r
ap
h
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
i
s
g
r
o
w
th
i
n
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ec
to
r
w
a
s
lar
g
el
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
b
y
Ni
g
e
r
ian
o
f
w
h
ic
h
m
ale
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t
to
o
k
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
as
ag
ai
n
s
t
th
e
f
e
m
ale
co
u
n
ter
p
ar
t.
I
n
y
ea
r
2
0
1
2
i
t
w
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
er
e
w
a
s
a
lo
w
er
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
ex
p
a
tr
iate
in
t
h
e
s
ec
to
r
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
i
n
th
e
GDP
w
a
s
p
o
s
itiv
el
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
n
s
ec
to
r
al
r
ea
l
GDP
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
1
to
2
0
1
2
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
w
o
u
ld
b
e
w
r
o
n
g
i
f
w
e
co
n
clu
d
e
b
y
s
a
y
i
n
g
th
e
t
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
d
u
s
tr
ie
s
ar
e
lar
g
el
y
b
ein
g
m
an
a
g
ed
b
y
Ni
g
er
ian
s
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ex
p
er
t.
An
d
it
co
u
ld
also
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
a
t
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Fro
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A
d
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b
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F
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las
h
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e
,
(2
0
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).
“
S
e
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e
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f
tele
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th
e
f
u
n
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f
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a
g
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z
in
e
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7
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5
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55
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[2
]
Ag
o
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J.
Ola
tu
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e
(A
u
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2
5
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2
0
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M
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2
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[3
]
L
u
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s
A
jan
a
k
u
(Ju
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0
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2
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[4
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A
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.
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7
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2
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[5
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S
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1
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m
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Re
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2
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tt
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2
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1
6
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lec
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to
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Re
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(
2
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[7
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Co
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[8
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tt
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[9
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Nig
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Op
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T
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d
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tt
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m
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Oc
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0
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4
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1
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tt
p
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ley
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EL
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m
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Co
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p
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g
El
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1
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2
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5
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Uz
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S
tan
ley
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tal:
Ex
p
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rim
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n
ta
l
A
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f
Ca
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Dista
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ig
n
a
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A
tt
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S
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M
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F
ib
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Op
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In
ter
n
a
ti
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a
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Jo
u
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El
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tri
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C
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p
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ter E
n
g
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,
Vo
l
8
,
N
o
3
Ju
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2
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6
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A
n
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F
.
I
a
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:
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tren
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KP
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Jo
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2
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,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.