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[
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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8
8
-
8708
I
J
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C
E
Vo
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7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
201
7
:
2
7
1
3
–
2
7
2
0
2714
Hu
g
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[
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I
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[
5
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,
s
ev
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s
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6
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n
et
w
o
r
k
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
e
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
b
ased
o
n
a
g
r
ee
d
y
m
eth
o
d
th
a
t
i
g
n
o
r
es
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
s
tate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
en
er
g
y
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
h
ich
h
elp
s
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
n
e
t
wo
r
k
lif
eti
m
e
.
I
n
[
7
]
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
o
f
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
in
g
an
d
allo
ca
tin
g
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
u
s
i
n
g
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
s
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic
an
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
d
esi
g
n
p
r
in
cip
le
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
ad
m
i
s
s
io
n
co
n
tr
o
l
m
a
n
a
g
er
f
o
r
b
o
th
r
eliab
i
lit
y
an
d
en
er
g
y
-
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
.
I
n
[
8
]
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
u
tili
t
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
t
h
at
is
m
o
s
t
s
u
ited
f
o
r
h
eter
o
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
ca
r
r
y
in
g
i
n
f
lex
ib
le
tr
af
f
ic
a
n
d
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ef
f
i
cien
t
r
ate
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
f
air
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
i
s
m
.
T
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
y
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
ic
h
i
s
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
.
I
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
an
d
[
1
2
]
d
ata
w
ith
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
io
r
it
y
o
r
d
ata
w
i
th
v
ar
ied
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
is
h
an
d
led
.
T
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
d
if
f
er
en
tiate
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
s
en
s
i
n
g
t
ask
s
s
o
th
at
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
iti
v
e
d
ata
is
g
i
v
en
h
ig
h
er
p
r
io
r
ity
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
w
it
h
m
u
ltip
le
r
ate
ca
n
b
e
h
a
n
d
led
ef
f
ec
t
iv
el
y
u
s
i
n
g
w
ei
g
h
ted
f
air
n
es
s
is
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
W
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
p
al
y
a
v
er
y
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
ti
m
es
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
ep
lo
y
ed
is
f
o
r
ce
d
to
h
an
d
le
m
u
ltip
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
w
it
h
v
ar
ied
Qo
S
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
cr
o
s
s
la
y
er
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
d
esig
n
ed
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
s
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
On
s
u
c
h
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
w
h
ic
h
is
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
to
it
is
Mu
lti
-
s
tac
k
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
w
h
ic
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
air
s
o
f
MA
C
p
r
o
to
co
ls
an
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
r
o
to
co
ls
ar
e
h
an
d
led
[
1
3
]
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
ar
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
m
o
r
e
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
o
r
en
er
g
y
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
i
n
W
ir
eless
Se
n
s
o
r
Net
w
o
r
k
s
wh
ich
is
a
p
r
i
m
e
is
s
u
e
i
n
d
ec
i
d
in
g
t
h
e
lo
n
g
e
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
a
r
ev
ie
w
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
w
a
y
s
o
f
m
a
n
ag
i
n
g
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
li
f
e
s
p
an
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
th
eo
r
itcal
m
o
d
el
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
l
if
e
t
i
m
e
b
y
m
o
d
if
i
y
i
n
g
th
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
r
o
u
t
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
[
1
5
]
th
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
g
i
v
en
a
n
e
w
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
i
n
h
eter
g
eo
n
u
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
a
f
u
zz
y
b
ased
alo
g
ir
th
m
in
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
w
it
h
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
3
.
RE
SE
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
3
.
1
.
P
RO
B
L
E
M
DE
F
I
NIT
I
O
N
Giv
e
n
a
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
v
er
in
g
a
n
ar
ea
o
f
A
a
n
d
N
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
i
th
a
s
i
n
g
le
s
i
n
k
.
E
ac
h
s
e
n
s
o
r
No
d
e
N
h
a
s
M
s
ta
ck
an
d
c
h
ar
g
ed
w
i
th
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
it
y
B
.
Sen
s
o
r
d
etec
ts
an
d
r
ep
o
r
t
ev
e
n
ts
to
Si
n
k
.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ch
ed
u
led
o
n
a
n
y
s
tack
an
d
d
u
e
to
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
all
s
tac
k
s
,
th
e
n
o
d
e’
s
e
n
er
g
y
w
ill
d
r
ain
a
t
f
aster
r
ate.
D
u
e
to
m
u
ltip
le
s
tac
k
s
,
th
e
d
ata
r
o
u
ted
f
r
o
m
n
o
d
e
m
a
y
b
e
lo
o
p
ed
to
s
a
m
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
n
o
t
d
eli
v
er
ed
to
s
i
n
k
.
So
m
e
No
d
es
i
n
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
a
y
b
e
to
o
s
el
f
is
h
a
n
d
w
a
n
t
to
u
s
e
th
e
e
n
tire
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
an
d
in
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
ar
e
r
o
b
b
e
d
th
eir
s
h
ar
e
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
w
e
d
ea
l
w
it
h
th
e
s
e
th
r
ee
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
:
a.
I
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
li
f
e
o
f
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
th
e
m
u
lt
i stac
k
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b.
Ma
n
ag
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
f
a
ir
u
s
a
g
e
c.
Av
o
id
r
o
u
tin
g
lo
o
p
s
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
3
.
2
.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SO
L
U
T
I
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
p
o
p
u
lar
is
e
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
w
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ip
le
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
it
i
s
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
ase
o
r
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
s
e
r
s
ca
n
co
n
c
u
r
r
en
tl
y
s
u
b
m
it t
h
eir
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
d
iv
er
s
e
g
o
als.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
h
as t
w
o
p
ar
ts
:
a.
I
n
itializatio
n
Sta
g
e
b.
R
o
u
ti
n
g
Sta
g
e
3
.
2
.
1
.
I
NIT
I
AL
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
ST
AG
E
I
n
th
e
i
n
itializat
io
n
s
ta
g
e,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es
w
h
ich
co
v
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
ar
ea
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
clu
s
t
er
,
a
clu
s
ter
id
is
ch
o
s
en
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
to
all
th
e
n
o
d
es
in
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
.
An
y
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
c
lu
s
ter
ca
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
ad
d
r
es
s
ed
to
its
cl
u
s
ter
.
I
n
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
,
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
is
ac
tiv
e
at
ti
m
e
w
h
ic
h
is
d
ec
id
ed
b
y
r
o
u
n
d
r
o
b
in
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
n
o
d
es i
n
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Qo
S
F
r
a
mewo
r
k
fo
r
a
Mu
lti
-
s
t
a
ck
b
a
s
ed
Hete
r
o
g
en
eo
u
s
W
ir
eless
S
en
s
o
r
N
et
w
o
r
k
(
K
.
P
a
n
imo
z
h
i
)
2715
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
:
a.
E
ac
h
No
d
e
b
r
o
a
d
ca
s
ts
a
h
ello
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
1
h
o
p
an
d
w
ait
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
ti
m
e
b.
E
v
e
r
y
n
o
d
e
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
th
e
h
e
llo
p
ac
k
et
w
ill
k
ee
p
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
f
r
o
m
wh
er
e
h
ello
p
ac
k
et
is
r
ec
eiv
ed
c.
Af
ter
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
ti
m
e,
n
o
d
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
its
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
d.
A
n
o
d
e
w
h
ich
h
as
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
b
ec
o
m
e
s
th
e
c
lu
s
ter
h
ea
d
a
n
d
all
th
e
n
o
d
es
j
o
in
in
t
h
at
clu
s
ter
.
e.
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h
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ter
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ea
d
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e
cr
ea
tes
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t
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le
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th
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i
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at
cl
u
s
ter
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d
also
cr
ea
tes
a
u
n
iq
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e
cl
u
s
ter
id
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Un
iq
u
e
clu
s
ter
id
a
m
o
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g
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et
w
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k
ca
n
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e
cr
ea
ted
b
y
d
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in
g
a
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
o
p
er
atio
n
o
n
its
clu
s
te
r
n
o
d
e
id
.
[
Say
id
*
1
0
0
0
0
=Clu
s
ter
id
]
f.
C
lu
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
e
n
d
s
in
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
to
s
leep
,
f
o
r
all
clu
s
ter
n
o
d
es
an
d
w
ai
t
f
o
r
Hello
r
o
u
te
p
ac
k
et
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
in
k
n
o
d
e.
g.
On
ce
th
e
s
h
o
r
tes
t r
o
u
te
to
s
in
k
is
b
u
ilt at
t
h
e
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
,
it i
n
s
tr
u
cts all
cl
u
s
ter
n
o
d
es to
w
ak
eu
p
.
h.
C
lu
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
e
n
d
s
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
an
d
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
id
to
all
n
o
d
es
w
it
h
in
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
an
d
s
ta
r
t
th
e
d
u
t
y
c
y
cle
p
h
ase.
On
ce
t
h
e
c
lu
s
ter
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
,
th
e
s
i
n
k
w
i
ll
s
tar
t
t
h
e
r
o
u
te
b
u
ild
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Si
n
k
b
r
o
ad
c
asts
Hello
p
ac
k
et
an
d
1
h
o
p
n
eig
h
b
o
r
n
o
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es
r
ec
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in
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it,
w
ill
ap
p
en
d
its
clu
s
ter
id
an
d
r
eb
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
th
e
Hel
lo
p
ac
k
et.
A
l
s
o
n
o
d
e
r
e
m
e
m
b
er
s
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
h
o
p
to
th
e
s
i
n
k
n
o
d
e
b
y
v
ie
w
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
at
h
i
n
th
e
Hello
P
ac
k
et.
T
h
is
m
ak
e
s
ev
er
y
cl
u
s
ter
a
w
ar
e
o
f
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
h
ic
h
cl
u
s
ter
th
e
p
ac
k
et
h
as
to
b
e
r
o
u
ted
w
ith
le
s
s
h
o
p
to
th
e
Si
n
k
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
te
b
u
ild
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
a.
Sin
k
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ts
a
h
ello
p
ac
k
et
w
it
h
h
o
p
co
u
n
t a
s
0
an
d
its
id
.
b.
On
e
h
o
p
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
No
d
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
it,
w
ill
u
p
d
ate
it
s
r
o
u
te
li
s
t
w
it
h
p
at
h
to
s
in
k
,
ap
p
en
d
it
s
clu
s
ter
id
an
d
r
eb
r
o
ad
ca
s
t to
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
.
c.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
w
ill u
p
d
ate,
in
t
h
i
s
w
a
y
a
s
h
o
r
test
h
o
p
to
s
in
k
w
il
l
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
B
y
th
i
s
I
n
itializat
io
n
s
tag
e,
t
wo
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
tate
m
en
t
is
s
o
l
v
ed
.
Si
n
ce
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
is
d
o
n
e
an
d
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
in
cl
u
s
ter
is
a
w
a
k
e
at
a
ti
m
e,
en
er
g
y
s
a
v
i
n
g
is
m
ad
e
w
it
h
o
u
t
a
f
f
ec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
i
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
A
ls
o
r
o
u
ti
n
g
lo
o
p
is
av
o
id
ed
in
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
as
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ath
is
tr
i
g
g
ed
f
r
o
m
Si
n
k
an
d
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
s
to
r
es th
e
s
h
o
r
test
p
ath
t
o
s
in
k
a
s
th
e
r
o
u
te.
3
.
2
.
2
.
RO
T
UIN
G
ST
AG
E
R
o
u
ti
n
g
s
ta
g
e
s
tar
ts
f
o
r
ev
er
y
ti
m
e,
a
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
en
s
es
d
ata.
R
o
u
ti
n
g
n
ee
d
s
b
an
d
w
id
th
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
O
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ai
n
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
QOS
d
is
to
r
tio
n
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
b
an
d
w
id
th
is
n
o
t
m
a
n
ag
ed
i
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
is
i
s
s
u
e
is
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
b
y
o
u
r
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
as
w
e
m
a
n
ag
e
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
t
h
o
u
g
h
r
o
u
ti
n
g
to
o
b
tain
b
etter
QOS
in
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
s
tep
s
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
b
ef
o
r
e
s
tar
tin
g
a
s
ess
io
n
w
it
h
s
i
n
k
m
u
s
t
s
en
d
a
B
_
R
E
SERVE
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
ac
k
et
to
clai
m
t
h
e
d
ata
r
ate
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
is
is
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
r
eser
v
at
io
n
.
.
2.
On
ce
t
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
r
ec
eiv
es
B
_
R
E
SE
R
VE
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
it
w
ill
tr
y
to
allo
ca
te
a
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
n
an
y
o
n
e
o
f
s
tac
k
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
f
o
llo
w
in
g
r
u
le
s
an
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
R
u
le
1
: B
an
d
w
id
t
h
n
ee
d
ed
is
s
p
lit to
th
r
ee
r
an
g
e
s
L
o
w
/ M
ed
iu
m
/ H
i
g
h
R
u
le
2
: I
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
as
k
e
d
in
B
_
R
E
SERVE
is
L
o
w
,
th
e
n
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
lo
w
to
h
ig
h
s
h
o
r
test
h
o
p
co
u
n
t is sear
c
h
e
d
in
r
o
u
tin
g
lis
t f
o
r
allo
ca
tio
n
.
R
u
le
3
: I
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
as
k
e
d
in
B
_
R
E
SERVE
is
m
ed
iu
m
,
th
en
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
m
id
d
le
v
alu
e
to
h
i
g
h
s
h
o
r
test
h
o
p
co
u
n
t i
s
s
ea
r
c
h
ed
in
r
o
u
ti
n
g
l
is
t
f
o
r
allo
ca
tio
n
R
u
le
4
: I
f
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
as
k
e
d
in
B
_
R
E
SERVE
is
h
i
g
h
,
t
h
e
n
r
o
u
te
f
r
o
m
h
i
g
h
to
lo
w
s
h
o
r
test
h
o
p
is
s
ea
r
c
h
ed
in
r
o
u
tin
g
li
s
t f
o
r
allo
ca
tio
n
R
u
le
5
: T
h
e
r
o
u
te
is
s
elec
ted
if
th
e
r
eq
u
ested
b
an
d
w
id
th
ca
n
b
e
allo
ca
ted
o
n
a
s
tack
f
o
r
th
at
r
o
u
te
an
d
o
n
ce
r
o
u
te
is
s
elec
ted
,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
allo
ca
ted
3.
Af
ter
r
o
u
te
is
s
elec
ted
,
it is
f
ill
ed
in
th
e
p
ac
k
et
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
ed
to
n
ex
t h
o
p
4.
So
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
m
u
s
t
s
e
n
d
B
_
R
E
SERVE
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
i
n
th
e
p
ac
k
et
af
ter
an
i
n
ter
v
a
l
o
f
d
,
else
at
in
ter
v
al
o
f
d
,
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
w
ill r
elea
s
e
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
allo
ca
ted
5.
T
o
d
is
co
u
r
ag
e
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
ab
u
s
i
v
e
u
s
e
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
e
f
air
u
s
ag
e
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
t
h
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
allo
ca
tio
n
o
n
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t B
_
R
E
SERVE
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
as
B
w
to
a
llo
t
=
B
W
ask
ed
in
B
_
R
E
SERVE
–
n
u
m
ti
m
e
s
B
_
R
E
SERVE
*
s
tep
,
w
h
er
e
s
tep
is
a
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ed
v
alu
e.
6.
A
l
s
o
to
r
ed
u
ce
QOS
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ag
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
u
s
er
s
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
i
s
allo
ca
ted
o
n
lo
n
g
e
s
t
p
ath
ev
en
w
h
e
n
th
e
B
_
R
E
SE
R
V
E
v
alu
e
i
s
lo
w
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
is
al
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
b
ased
o
n
B
_
R
E
SERVE
v
alu
e
,
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ti
m
es
r
eq
u
e
s
ted
,
QOS
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
a
s
ed
s
el
ec
tio
n
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
201
7
:
2
7
1
3
–
2
7
2
0
2716
7.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
co
llects
QOS
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
all
s
tac
k
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
QO
S
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
p
ac
k
et
lo
s
s
an
d
b
ased
o
n
it d
ec
id
e
to
allo
c
ate
n
e
w
r
eq
u
est
f
o
r
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
d
ec
i
s
io
n
is
m
ad
e
a
s
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
i
s
b
ased
o
n
R
eq
u
ested
r
e
s
er
v
e
v
alu
e,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
es
r
eq
u
est
ed
w
i
th
i
n
last
N
d
u
r
atio
n
,
Q
OS
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
i
n
t
h
e
last
N
d
u
r
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fu
zz
y
b
ased
d
ec
is
io
n
f
o
r
b
an
d
w
id
th
allo
ca
tio
n
T
h
e
R
eq
u
ested
r
eser
v
e
v
a
lu
e
i
s
s
p
lit in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
L
,
M,
H
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
y
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
r
eq
u
ested
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ti
m
e
s
r
eq
u
ested
is
s
p
lit i
n
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
L
,
M,
H
n
o
r
m
alize
d
b
y
t
h
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
t
i
m
es o
f
r
eq
u
est
w
it
h
i
n
d
u
r
atio
n
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
Qo
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2719
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f
e
ti
m
e
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
u
p
o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lif
esp
a
n
.
A
s
a
f
u
t
u
r
e
w
o
r
k
,
we
h
av
e
p
lan
n
ed
to
d
esig
n
Z
ig
b
ee
b
ased
W
SN
to
test
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
d
esi
g
n
ed
s
o
as to
f
ac
ilit
ate
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
in
r
ea
l
-
li
f
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
201
7
:
2
7
1
3
–
2
7
2
0
2720
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
a
n
im
o
z
h
i
K an
d
G
M
a
h
a
d
e
v
a
n
.
,
”
M
u
lt
i
-
S
tac
k
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
t
o
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
Qo
S
in
W
S
N
w
it
h
P
ri
o
rit
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
P
a
c
k
e
ts”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
1
2
0
(
2
3
):
5
1
-
5
6
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
F
.
A
k
y
il
d
iz,
W
.
S
u
,
Y.
S
a
n
k
a
ra
su
b
ra
m
a
n
ia
m
,
a
n
d
E.
Ca
y
irci,
“
W
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s : a su
rv
e
y
,
”
Co
m
p
u
t.
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
–
4
2
2
,
2
0
0
2
.
[3
]
Ra
h
m
a
n
Do
o
st
-
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
y
,
M
.
Yo
u
so
f
Na
d
e
ri,
a
n
d
Ka
u
sh
ik
Ro
y
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
,
”
S
p
e
c
tru
m
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Q
o
S
P
r
o
v
isio
n
in
g
F
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
f
o
r
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
W
it
h
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
S
e
rv
ice
Clas
se
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
V
o
l
.
1
3
,
N
o
.
7
,
JU
L
Y 2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
L
iq
ian
g
T
a
o
,
F
e
n
g
q
i
Yu
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
De
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
v
o
id
a
n
c
e
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
M
u
lt
ip
le
Cl
a
ss
o
f
T
ra
ff
ic
in
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
”
,
P
ro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
2
0
1
1
IEE
E
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
y
b
e
r
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
Co
n
tr
o
l,
a
n
d
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
m
s
M
a
rc
h
2
0
-
2
3
,
2
0
1
1
,
K
u
n
m
in
g
,
Ch
in
a
[5
]
V
a
sc
o
P
e
re
ira,
Jo
rg
e
S
á
S
il
v
a
,
Ed
m
u
n
d
o
M
o
n
teiro
,
“
A
f
r
a
m
e
wo
rk
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
o
n
it
o
rin
g
”
,
IEE
E
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
Yu
n
x
ia
Ch
e
n
a
n
d
Qin
g
Z
h
a
o
,
”
O
n
th
e
L
if
e
ti
m
e
o
f
W
irel
e
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
”
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
V
o
l
.
9
,
N
o
.
1
1
,
N
o
v
e
m
b
e
r
2005.
[7
]
V
W
M
a
h
y
a
stu
ty
,
AA
P
ra
m
u
d
it
a
,
"
L
o
w
e
n
e
rg
y
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
c
lu
ste
rin
g
h
iera
rc
h
y
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
.
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
6
3
-
9
6
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
Jio
n
g
Jin
,
M
a
rim
u
th
u
P
a
lan
isw
a
m
i,
Bh
a
s
k
a
r
Krish
n
a
m
a
c
h
a
ri
,
Ra
te
c
o
n
tro
l
f
o
r
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s: Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
,
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s an
d
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
,
El
se
v
ier,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[9
]
C.
W
a
n
g
,
B.
L
i,
K.
S
o
h
ra
b
y
,
M
.
Da
n
e
sh
m
a
n
d
a
n
d
Y.
Hu
,
“
Up
stre
a
m
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
Co
n
tro
l
i
n
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
th
ro
u
g
h
Cro
ss
-
lay
e
r
O
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s
in
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
V
o
l
.
2
5
,
Iss
u
e
.
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
7
8
6
-
7
9
5
.
[1
0
]
C.
W
a
n
g
,
K.
S
o
h
ra
b
y
,
V
.
La
w
r
e
n
c
e
,
B.
L
i
a
n
d
Y.
Hu
,
“
P
rio
rit
y
-
b
a
s
e
d
Co
n
g
e
stio
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
in
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,”
IEE
E
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
e
n
s
o
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
Ub
iq
u
it
o
u
s
a
n
d
T
ru
stw
o
rth
y
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
2
0
0
6
,
Vo
l.
1
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
2
2
-
3
1
.
[1
1
]
I.
C.
P
a
sc
h
a
li
d
is,
W
.
L
a
i
a
n
d
D.
S
taro
b
i
n
sk
i,
“
A
s
y
m
p
to
ti
c
a
ll
y
Op
ti
m
a
l
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
P
o
li
c
ies
f
o
r
L
a
rg
e
-
S
c
a
l
e
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
,
”
IEE
E/
ACM
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
N
e
two
rk
in
g
,
V
o
l
.
1
5
,
Iss
u
e
.
1
,
F
e
b
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
1
8
.
[1
2
]
I.
C.
P
a
sc
h
a
li
d
is,
W
.
L
a
i
a
n
d
D
.
S
taro
b
i
n
sk
i,
“
A
s
y
m
p
to
ti
c
a
ll
y
Op
ti
m
a
l
T
ra
n
s
m
is
sio
n
P
o
li
c
ies
f
o
r
L
o
w
-
P
o
w
e
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s,” IE
EE
P
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s o
n
t
h
e
2
4
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
Jo
in
t
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
IEE
E
C
o
m
p
u
ter an
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s S
o
c
ieties
INFOCOM
2
0
0
5
,
V
o
l
.
4
,
M
a
r
2
0
0
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
5
8
-
2
4
6
9
.
[1
3
]
Na
n
c
y
El
Ra
c
h
k
id
y
,
A
.
G
u
it
to
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
issio
n
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
Qo
S
in
w
irele
ss
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
u
sin
g
a
m
u
lt
i
-
S
tac
k
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
”
,
in
IE
EE
V
e
c
h
icu
lar
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
Ra
ji
v
R
Bh
a
n
d
a
ri,
K
Ra
j
a
se
k
h
a
r
,
”
S
t
u
d
y
o
n
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
th
e
N
e
two
rk
L
i
f
e
T
i
m
e
M
a
x
i
m
a
z
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
u
sin
g
Cro
ss
La
y
e
r
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l
.
6
,
No
.
6
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
8
0
-
3
0
8
6
.
[1
5
]
Am
it
Ku
m
a
r,
Ka
u
sh
ik
,
“
A
H
y
b
rid
A
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
m
e
a
n
s
Clu
ste
rin
g
a
n
d
Ne
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
to
m
a
k
e
En
e
rg
y
Eff
icie
n
t
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
W
irele
ss
S
e
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
”
,
in
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
ti
rc
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l
6
,
No
2
:
A
p
ril
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.