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3373
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[
1
]
,
[
1
0
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.
Hen
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3
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T
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R
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Ne
t
w
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k
I
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ter
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[
2
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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N:
2088
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8708
P
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3369
a.
R
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s
ical
ch
a
n
n
el
is
m
u
ltip
le
x
ed
i
n
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
ch
an
n
el
s
.
I
t
is
v
ia
t
h
ese
c
h
an
n
els
th
a
t
th
e
p
ac
k
ets
ar
e
tr
a
n
s
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
I
P
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
I
P
b
y
d
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
s
p
r
escr
ib
ed
.
E
ac
h
ch
an
n
el
i
s
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
b
u
f
f
er
s
th
at
allo
w
t
h
e
f
r
ee
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t o
f
p
ac
k
et
s
in
a
m
o
r
e
d
is
cr
ete
f
as
h
io
n
.
As
g
i
v
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
liter
at
u
r
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
b
elo
w
,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
s
o
f
ar
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
g
r
ad
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
b
ased
o
n
laten
c
y
an
d
p
ac
k
et
in
j
ec
tio
n
r
ate.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
lac
k
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
s
ize
o
f
th
e
m
e
s
h
,
w
h
ic
h
cr
ea
tes
a
d
r
a
m
a
tic
ch
a
n
g
e
in
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Hen
ce
,
th
is
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
t
is
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
e
m
p
h
as
izin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
e
ct
o
f
s
ize
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t o
n
NOXI
M.
1
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
d
epe
nd
encie
s
As
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
en
tio
n
ed
,
an
N
o
C
is
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
ased
o
n
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
s
witc
h
in
g
-
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
.
No
C
s
y
n
th
etic
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
o
ls
f
o
r
No
C
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
d
ev
is
in
g
n
ew
ar
ch
itectu
r
es.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
No
C
with
r
esp
ect
to
th
e
s
ize
o
f
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
d
r
am
aticall
y
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
t
h
ese
f
acto
r
s
,
th
e
m
ain
m
etr
ics
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ar
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
av
er
ag
e p
ac
k
et
d
ela
y
,
b
u
t
o
u
r
f
o
cu
s
in
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
o
n
Gl
o
b
al
A
v
er
ag
e Dela
y
(
la
ten
c
y
)
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
T
o
po
lo
g
y
Net
w
o
r
k
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
a
s
p
atia
l
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
o
d
es
co
n
n
e
cted
to
f
o
r
m
a
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
A
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
ed
ar
r
ay
o
f
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
c
h
as
M
esh
,
T
o
r
u
s
,
R
i
C
o
B
it
an
d
B
FT
etc.
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
s
u
i
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
th
eir
n
ic
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
f
o
r
all
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
a
n
d
m
o
s
t
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
Me
s
h
to
p
o
lo
g
y
i
s
u
s
e
d
d
u
e
to
its
s
i
m
p
licit
y
in
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
i
n
g
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
M
esh
T
o
po
lo
g
y
:
I
t
is
th
e
ea
s
i
est
to
f
ab
r
icate
o
f
all
th
e
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
as
all
n
o
d
es
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
in
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
an
m
x
n
m
atr
i
x
.
T
h
e
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
m
f
ac
to
r
allo
w
s
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
to
b
e
f
lat
an
d
v
er
y
t
h
i
n
.
1
.
1
.
2
.
Ro
uting
R
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
p
ath
s
elec
ted
b
y
a
p
ac
k
e
t
to
r
ea
ch
its
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
R
o
u
ter
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
e
-
s
i
g
n
ed
s
u
ch
th
at
at
ea
ch
i
n
ter
m
ed
iar
y
r
o
u
ter
,
a
d
ec
i
s
io
n
i
s
m
ad
e
to
tr
an
s
f
er
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
i
n
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
ir
ec
tio
n
i.e
.
n
o
r
th
,
s
o
u
t
h
,
e
ast,
w
est
o
r
lo
ca
l
(
to
I
P
)
.
R
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
h
a
v
e
t
wo
b
asic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
1
)
Dete
r
m
in
i
s
tic
a
n
d
2
)
A
d
ap
tiv
e
[
2
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
i
s
ti
c
alg
o
r
ith
m
n
ee
d
s
n
o
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
o
th
er
t
h
an
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ad
d
r
ess
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
r
o
u
te
f
o
r
th
e
p
ac
k
et.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
n
o
p
r
ed
ef
in
ed
r
o
u
te
an
d
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
at
ea
c
h
r
o
u
ter
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
an
d
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
d
ea
d
lo
ck
an
d
liv
elo
ck
f
r
ee
s
i
n
ce
ea
ch
p
ac
k
et
w
ill
ev
e
n
t
u
all
y
r
ea
ch
its
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
p
ac
k
et
late
n
c
y
i
n
s
u
ch
a
n
alg
o
r
i
th
m
w
ill
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
i
f
m
u
ltip
le
p
ac
k
e
t
s
n
ee
d
to
tr
a
v
el
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
c
h
an
n
el
[
6
]
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
n
e
to
d
ea
d
lo
ck
an
d
liv
elo
c
k
,
b
e
-
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
y
ar
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
tr
a
f
f
i
c
d
en
s
it
y
a
n
d
m
a
k
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
its
a
v
aila
b
ilit
y
.
T
o
av
o
id
d
ea
d
lo
ck
s
an
d
liv
elo
c
k
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
p
ac
k
ets
c
y
cli
n
g
ar
o
u
n
d
,
ce
r
tain
t
u
r
n
s
n
ee
d
to
b
e
eli
m
i
n
ated
[
6
]
.
Du
e
to
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
d
ep
en
d
en
c
y
,
it
is
le
s
s
e
f
f
ici
en
t
to
u
s
e
ad
ap
ti
v
e
r
o
u
tin
g
at
lo
w
er
p
ac
k
et
in
j
ec
ti
o
n
r
ate.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t c
o
m
m
o
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
ws:
a.
XY
r
o
u
ti
n
g
:
T
h
is
i
s
a
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
r
o
u
ti
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
n
w
h
ich
t
h
e
p
ac
k
et
f
ir
s
t
tr
av
er
s
e
s
a
cr
o
s
s
th
e
X
a
x
i
s
u
n
t
il
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
d
esti
n
at
io
n
ar
e
ali
g
n
e
d
in
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
lu
m
n
,
a
n
d
t
h
en
it
tr
a
v
er
s
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
Y
-
a
x
i
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
till
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
i
s
r
ea
ch
ed
.
An
alter
n
ate
d
esi
g
n
to
th
i
s
w
o
u
ld
b
e
th
e
Y
X
r
o
u
ti
n
g
,
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
th
e
p
ac
k
et
m
o
v
e
alo
n
g
t
h
e
Y
-
a
x
is
f
ir
s
t
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
th
o
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
X
-
a
x
i
s
.
b.
W
est
f
ir
s
t:
T
h
is
is
a
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
w
h
ic
h
p
ac
k
ets
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
tr
av
el
i
n
th
e
w
e
s
t
war
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
th
en
m
o
v
e
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
w
it
h
o
u
t
m
ak
in
g
an
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
ts
w
e
s
t [
7
]
.
c.
No
r
th
last
:
A
n
a
lo
g
o
u
s
to
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
,
t
h
is
is
a
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
m
a
k
es
ad
ap
ti
v
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
n
f
in
al
l
y
allo
w
s
th
e
p
ac
k
e
t to
tr
av
el
n
o
r
t
h
war
d
s
to
its
d
esti
n
atio
n
if
n
ee
d
e
d
[
7
]
.
d.
Neg
ati
v
e
Firs
t:
I
n
t
h
is
ad
ap
t
iv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
p
ac
k
et
m
u
s
t
ad
ap
tiv
e
l
y
m
a
k
e
all
n
e
g
ativ
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
t
h
e
b
eg
i
n
n
i
n
g
an
d
th
en
,
all
t
h
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
m
o
v
e
m
en
ts
.
Neg
a
tiv
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
h
er
e
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
w
e
s
t a
n
d
s
o
u
t
h
w
h
i
le
p
o
s
iti
v
e
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
n
o
r
th
a
n
d
ea
s
t [
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
1
8
:
3
3
6
8
–
3
3
7
3
3370
e.
Od
d
-
E
v
e
n
:
T
h
is
ad
ap
ti
v
e
r
o
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
h
ib
its
ea
s
t
to
n
o
r
th
t
u
r
n
s
a
n
d
ea
s
t
to
s
o
u
th
tu
r
n
s
at
an
y
n
o
d
e
i
n
an
ev
en
co
lu
m
n
.
I
t
a
ls
o
d
is
a
llo
ws
n
o
r
th
to
w
est
t
u
r
n
s
a
n
d
s
o
u
t
h
to
w
est
tu
r
n
s
at
a
n
y
n
o
d
e
in
an
o
d
d
co
lu
m
n
[
8
]
.
f.
D
y
A
D:
D
y
n
a
m
icall
y
s
w
i
tch
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
A
d
ap
tiv
e
a
n
d
D
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
r
o
u
tin
g
i
s
th
e
c
u
l
m
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
b
o
th
d
eter
m
i
n
is
t
ic
an
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
t
co
u
ld
b
e
a
co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
y
t
w
o
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
ch
th
at
it
co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
-
l
y
m
o
n
ito
r
s
it
s
lo
ca
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
an
d
m
ak
e
s
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
6
]
.
1
.
1
.
4
.
Sy
nthet
ic
t
ra
f
f
ic
pa
t
t
er
ns
T
h
ese
ar
e
s
p
ec
u
lat
iv
e
m
o
d
els
o
f
tr
a
f
f
ic
to
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
w
o
u
ld
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
y
d
if
f
er
f
r
o
m
r
ea
lis
tic
m
o
d
el
s
t
h
at
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
ce
r
tai
n
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
.
T
r
af
f
ic
p
at
ter
n
s
p
r
ed
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e.
I
n
o
u
r
s
i
m
u
lati
o
n
s
,
w
e
u
s
ed
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
[
3
]
:
a.
R
an
d
o
m
p
atter
n
:
E
ac
h
s
o
u
r
c
e
n
o
d
e
d
is
p
atch
es
p
ac
k
et
to
an
o
th
er
r
an
d
o
m
n
o
d
e
at
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
p
ac
k
e
t
in
j
ec
tio
n
r
ate.
b.
T
r
an
s
p
o
s
e
1
:
I
t
is
a
m
atr
i
x
-
t
r
an
s
p
o
s
e
p
atter
n
in
w
h
ich
e
ac
h
P
E
p
r
esen
t
in
a
ch
ip
at
lo
ca
tio
n
(
I
,
J
)
d
is
p
atch
es a
m
ess
a
g
e
to
th
e
P
E
at
(
n
–
1
–
I
,
n
–
1
–
J
)
f
o
r
an
(
n
x
n
)
s
ize
N
OC
.
c.
T
r
an
s
p
o
s
e
2
:
T
h
e
P
E
p
r
esen
t a
t c
h
ip
(
I
,
J
)
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
o
n
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
n
o
d
e
(
J
,
I
)
in
th
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
1
.
2
.
L
it
er
a
t
ure
s
urv
ey
No
C
s
h
a
v
e
b
ec
o
m
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
o
u
g
h
t
-
a
f
ter
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
d
u
e
t
o
its
o
v
er
w
h
el
m
i
n
g
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
e
s
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
r
im
iti
v
e
So
C
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
i
g
h
er
s
ca
la
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
e
-
u
s
ab
ilit
y
g
iv
e
s
i
t
an
ed
g
e
o
v
er
it
s
co
m
p
eti
to
r
s
.
E
x
ten
s
i
v
e
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
e
w
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
L
e
s
s
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
li
k
e
th
e
R
i
C
o
B
it
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
e
x
p
lain
ed
w
ith
f
le
s
h
ed
o
u
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
a
n
d
also
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
al
u
atio
n
s
i
n
m
an
y
p
ap
er
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
a
v
er
ag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
a
n
d
av
e
r
ag
e
p
ac
k
et
d
ela
y
is
co
m
p
u
ted
to
co
m
p
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
Od
d
-
E
v
e
n
r
o
u
ti
n
g
is
s
u
p
er
io
r
to
XY
r
o
u
ti
n
g
w
it
h
a
r
atio
o
f
2
.
5
3
5
8
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
2
.
1
1
2
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
XY
r
o
u
tin
g
i
s
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
at
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
.
Fo
r
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
tr
a
f
f
ic,
th
e
lo
ad
at
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
lead
in
g
to
a
t
r
af
f
ic
h
o
t
s
p
o
t
[
1
1
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
is
t
h
at
if
a
n
o
d
e
is
f
au
lt
y
,
th
a
t
p
ac
k
et
w
il
l
r
e
m
ain
b
lo
ck
ed
o
n
t
h
at
p
ath
[
1
2
]
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
X
Y
r
o
u
ti
n
g
is
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
h
as
v
er
y
lo
w
h
ar
d
-
w
ar
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ad
ap
tiv
e
r
o
u
ti
n
g
[
1
3
]
.
Un
d
er
d
is
tr
i
b
u
ted
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
,
XY
r
o
u
t
in
g
a
n
d
Od
d
-
E
v
e
n
r
o
u
tin
g
w
o
r
k
b
etter
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
in
d
ir
ec
ted
tr
af
f
ic
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
p
r
ac
tical
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
D
y
AD
r
o
u
tin
g
w
o
r
k
s
b
et
-
ter
th
an
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
th
er
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
v
es
tig
ati
n
g
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
a
No
C
b
y
ev
al
u
ati
n
g
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
o
f
f
a
s
t
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
a
te
s
i
m
u
latio
n
to
o
ls
.
No
x
i
m
i
s
a
S
y
s
te
m
C
b
a
s
ed
o
p
e
n
s
o
u
r
ce
,
c
y
cle
ac
c
u
r
ate
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
b
o
th
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
w
ir
e
-
b
ased
N
o
C
s
an
d
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
W
iNo
C
ar
ch
itectu
r
es.
Se
v
er
a
l
d
o
cu
m
en
t
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
g
ettin
g
s
tar
ted
o
n
th
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
w
it
h
ad
eq
u
ate
d
o
cu
m
e
n
tat
io
n
.
An
elab
o
r
ate
ar
ticle
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
No
C
i
s
av
ailab
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
s
t
u
d
y
[
1
]
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
W
e
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
m
e
s
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
o
f
s
ize
s
v
ar
y
in
g
(
f
r
o
m
4
x
4
to
1
0
x
1
0
)
b
ased
o
n
th
e
af
o
r
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
d
ep
en
d
en
cie
s
s
u
c
h
as
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
,
r
o
u
t
-
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
a
n
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
.
T
r
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ar
e
r
an
d
o
m
,
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e
1
an
d
tr
a
n
s
p
o
s
e
2
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ar
e
XY,
w
e
s
t
f
ir
s
t,
n
o
r
th
last
,
n
e
g
ati
v
e
f
ir
s
t,
o
d
d
ev
e
n
&
D
y
AD
[
6
]
-
[
9
]
.
S
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
c
h
e
m
es
u
s
ed
ar
e
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
s
o
n
p
at
h
(
NOP
)
an
d
b
u
f
f
er
le
v
el
s
tr
ate
g
y
.
A
ll t
h
e
test
s
w
er
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
NOXI
M,
an
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
S
y
s
te
m
C
Si
m
u
lato
r
o
f
m
es
h
-
b
ased
No
C
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
r
e
-
s
p
ec
t
to
g
lo
b
al
a
v
er
ag
e
d
ela
y
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ac
k
et
in
j
ec
tio
n
r
ates (
P
I
R
)
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
T
ab
le
1
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
:
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
S
etti
n
g
s
S
e
t
t
i
n
g
V
a
l
u
e
B
u
f
f
e
r
D
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p
t
h
4
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t
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3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
No
C
s
i
s
e
v
alu
a
ted
b
ased
o
n
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
(
r
a
n
d
o
m
,
tr
a
n
s
p
o
s
e
2
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an
d
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
s
ch
e
m
e
s
(
Neig
h
b
o
r
s
o
n
P
ath
,
b
u
f
f
er
le
v
el)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
I
n
j
ec
tio
n
r
ate,
g
iv
in
g
r
i
s
e
to
a
d
escr
ip
ti
v
e
l
is
ti
n
g
o
f
F
ig
u
r
e
1
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
th
at
i
llu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
ea
c
h
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
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I
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(
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ate
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
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f
aster
th
a
n
th
e
r
est
at
lo
w
to
m
ed
iu
m
P
I
R
an
d
lo
w
to
m
ed
iu
m
s
ize.
W
est
f
ir
s
t
i
s
s
h
o
w
s
s
i
m
i
lar
,
if
n
o
t
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
w
o
r
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
No
r
th
L
ast.
D
y
AD
is
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
at
lo
w
P
I
R
v
alu
e
0
.
0
0
8
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
f
)
.
I
t
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
o
r
s
en
s
w
it
h
a
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
b
o
th
th
e
P
I
R
an
d
th
e
m
es
h
s
ize.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
ai
m
ed
at
d
er
iv
in
g
an
d
p
o
r
tr
ay
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
a
n
No
C
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ated
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
eter
m
i
n
is
tic
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
-
XY
i
s
n
o
t
s
tab
le
d
u
e
to
its
f
lu
ct
u
ati
n
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
a
n
d
m
es
h
s
izes
(
i.e
.
at
lo
w
P
I
R
an
d
s
m
a
ll
m
es
h
s
ize)
.
A
d
ap
tiv
e
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
s
li
k
e
W
est
Fir
s
t,
No
r
th
L
ast,
Neg
ati
v
e
Fir
s
t
an
d
Od
d
-
E
v
e
n
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
s
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
q
u
ite
r
eliab
le
in
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
ce
r
tai
n
tr
af
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
b
u
t
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
lar
g
er
d
ela
y
ac
r
o
s
s
lar
g
e
r
,
less
co
n
g
e
s
ted
m
es
h
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ac
k
et
lat
en
c
y
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
it
s
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
le
x
h
a
r
d
w
ar
e.
Fo
r
lar
g
e
No
C
s
at
h
ig
h
er
P
I
R
s
,
X
Y
is
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
l
y
a
m
o
r
e
attr
a
ctiv
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
tr
a
f
f
ic
p
atter
n
s
d
u
e
to
i
ts
lack
o
f
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
lo
ad
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
p
ath
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
n
e
v
er
ch
an
g
es,
i
t
is
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
ath
ta
k
e
n
b
y
alie
n
p
ac
k
et
s
as
lo
n
g
as
it
s
o
w
n
p
at
h
is
f
r
ee
.
A
s
lar
g
er
m
e
s
h
es
lack
i
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
m
o
n
p
ath
s
,
XY
i
s
d
ef
i
n
itel
y
a
b
et
ter
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
a
r
o
u
ti
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
XY
r
o
u
tin
g
h
as
a
s
i
m
p
le
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
t
h
u
s
h
av
in
g
a
s
m
all
o
v
er
h
ea
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
p
ac
k
et
tr
an
s
it.
A
s
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
t
h
u
s
f
ar
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
b
s
er
v
ed
g
o
h
a
n
d
i
n
h
a
n
d
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
s
h
o
w
ca
s
in
g
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
XY
r
o
u
tin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
v
er
th
e
o
t
h
er
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
V
in
c
e
n
z
o
Ca
tan
ia,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Cy
c
l
e
-
A
c
c
u
ra
te
Ne
t
w
o
r
k
o
n
Ch
ip
S
im
u
l
a
ti
o
n
w
it
h
No
x
im
”
,
ACM
T
ra
n
s.
M
o
d
e
l.
Co
mp
u
t.
S
imu
l.
,
2
7
,
1
,
A
rti
c
le 4
,
p
p
:
1
-
21
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
S
u
d
h
a
n
sh
u
C
h
o
u
d
h
a
ry
a
n
d
S
h
a
f
i
Qu
re
sh
i
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
e
sh
-
b
a
se
d
N
o
Cs:
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
Ne
w
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
a
n
d
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
”
,
IJ
AC
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
-
10
.
[3
]
Ja
y
a
n
t
Ku
m
a
r
S
in
g
h
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
in
Ne
t
w
o
rk
o
n
Ch
ip
”
,
M
a
ste
r’s
T
h
e
sis Ju
n
e
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
Z.
S
h
a
rif
i,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
No
C
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
u
sin
g
F
o
r
m
a
l
M
e
th
o
d
s”
,
Ju
ly
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
15
.
[5
]
Jin
g
c
a
o
Hu
Ra
d
u
M
a
rc
u
les
c
u
,
“
D
y
AD
:
S
m
a
rt
Ro
u
ti
n
g
f
o
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
-
o
n
-
Ch
i
p
”
,
A
p
ril
2
5
,
2
0
0
4
,
p
p
:
1
-
10
.
[6
]
M
a
k
sa
t
A
tag
o
z
i
y
e
v
,
“
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s f
o
r
o
n
Ch
i
p
Ne
tw
o
rk
s”
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
7
,
p
.
79
.
[7
]
Ch
risto
p
h
e
r
J.
G
las
s
a
n
d
L
io
n
e
l
M
.
NI.
,
“
T
h
e
T
u
rn
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
R
o
u
t
in
g
”
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
1
9
9
4
,
p
p
:
1
-
10
.
[8
]
W
a
n
g
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
X
Y
a
n
d
Od
d
-
Ev
e
n
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
o
f
a
2
-
Dim
e
n
sio
n
3
X
3
M
e
sh
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
Ne
two
rk
-
on
-
Ch
i
p
”
,
W
RI
Glo
b
a
l
Co
n
g
re
ss
o
n
In
tell
ig
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
,
GS
IS
’
0
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
3
.
[9
]
P
a
n
Ha
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
2
D
M
ES
H
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
NO
C”
,
2
0
1
1
IEE
E
9
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
7
9
1
-
795
.
[1
0
]
M
.
Nic
k
ra
y
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
R
o
u
ti
n
g
Us
in
g
Co
n
tex
t
-
Aw
a
re
Ag
e
n
ts
f
o
r
Ne
t
w
o
rk
s
o
n
Ch
ip
s”
,
De
sig
n
a
n
d
T
e
st
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
(
IDT),
2
0
0
9
4
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
,
pp
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
9
.
[1
1
]
R.
Ho
lsm
a
rk
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
a
d
lo
c
k
F
re
e
Ro
u
ti
n
g
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
M
e
sh
T
o
p
o
lo
g
y
No
C
S
y
ste
m
s
w
it
h
Re
g
io
n
s
”
,
DS
D
2
0
0
6
.
9
t
h
EUROM
ICRO
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
,
p
p.
6
9
6
-
7
0
3
.
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