Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
9
, p
p.
4637~
4648
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v9
i
6
.
pp4637
-
46
48
4637
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Ful
l on
-
ch
ip low d
ro
pout
volt
age r
eg
ul
ator with an
enhanc
ed
transient
respons
e for low
power s
ystems
Hatim
Ame
z
i
an
e
,
K
am
al Zared, Hi
ch
am Akh
am
al
,
Ha
s
sa
n
Qjid
aa
CED
-
ST,
L
ESS
I,
Facu
lty
of
Sci
e
nce
s
,
Sid
i
Moha
m
ed
Ben
Abde
llah
Univer
si
t
y
,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
I
n
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Ja
n
20
, 2
01
9
Re
vised
Jun
7
,
201
9
Accepte
d
J
un
25
, 201
9
A
full
on
ch
ip
low
dropout
v
olt
ag
e
reg
u
la
tor
(LDO)
with
f
ast
tra
nsi
ent
response
and
sm
al
l
ca
p
ac
i
tor
c
om
pensa
ti
on
ci
r
cui
t
is
proposed
.
The
nove
l
te
chn
ique
is i
m
ple
m
ent
ed to
dete
ct
the
v
ariati
on
v
olt
ag
e
at
the
out
put
of
LDO
and
ena
b
le
the
proposed
fast
det
e
ct
or
amplifier
(FD
A)
to
i
m
prove
loa
d
tra
nsien
t
respon
se
of
50m
A
loa
d
step.
Th
e
la
rg
e
externa
l
ca
p
acitor
used
in
Convent
ional
L
DO
Regul
at
ors
is
removed
al
lowing
for
gre
at
er
p
ower
sy
st
em
int
egr
at
ion
for
s
y
stem
-
on
-
ch
ip
(
SoC
)
appl
icati
o
ns.
The
1
.
6
-
V
Full
On
-
Chip
LDO
volt
ag
e
re
gula
tor
wi
th
a
power
suppl
y
o
f
1.
8
V
was
d
e
signed
and
sim
ula
te
d
in
th
e
0.
18µm
CM
OS
te
chnol
og
y
,
consum
ing
only
14
µA
of
ground
cur
r
ent
with
a
f
ast
sett
li
ng
-
t
ime
LNR(Li
ne
Reg
ula
ti
on)
and
LOR(Loa
d
r
egulati
on)
of
928ns and
883
ns re
spec
t
ive
l
y
whi
le
the ri
se
and
f
al
l
ti
m
es
in LNR a
n
d
LOR
is 500
ns
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
Em
bed
ded syst
e
m
s.
Fast detec
to
r
a
m
pl
ifie
r
(fda
)
Fu
ll
on
-
chi
p
lo
w dropo
ut
regulat
or (
L
D
O)
Lo
w
power
Sett
li
ng
ti
m
e
Syst
e
m
o
n
c
hi
p (So
C
)
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Hatim
A
m
ezi
a
ne,
Ph
ysi
cs
dep
a
rt
m
ent CED
-
ST,
LESS
I, Fac
ulty
o
f
Sciences
Dh
a
r
El M
e
hr
a
z,
Sidi Mo
ham
ed
B
en A
bd
el
la
h
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
BP 1796
, 300
03 Fez
, M
orocc
o
.
Em
a
il
:
hatim
.a
m
ezi
ane@u
sm
ba.
ac.m
a
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
In
the
past
fe
w
decade
s,
t
he
low
dropo
ut
volt
age
regul
at
or
(L
DO)
ha
s
bee
n
ge
neral
ly
need
e
d
in
Syst
em
on
Chip
(
So
C
)
de
vices.
T
his
L
DO
i
nvolv
e
s
pro
vid
in
g
acc
ur
at
e
fe
at
ur
e
s
su
c
h
as
fast
tr
ansient
respo
ns
e
a
nd
l
ow
quie
sce
nt
current.
T
hese
chall
en
ges
in
vo
l
ve
a
n
i
ncr
e
asi
ng
dem
and
for
higher
le
ve
ls
of
integrati
on
on
the
chip.
Usi
ng
m
ulti
ple
lo
cal
on
-
c
hip
volt
age
re
gu
la
t
o
rs
is
an
ad
va
ntage
ous
m
e
t
hod
in
the
S
oC
d
evel
op
m
ent
[
1,
2].
Especial
ly
,
w
her
e
the
re
du
c
ti
on
of
po
wer
consum
ption
i
s
re
qu
i
red,
the
la
te
st
gen
e
rati
on
of
LDOs
offers
the
optim
al
so
l
ution
f
or
pow
erin
g
ci
rcu
it
ry
in
m
any
of
t
he
em
bed
ded
syst
e
m
app
li
cat
io
ns
.
I
n
fact,
they
can
delive
r
accurate
an
d
re
gula
te
d
supp
ly
vo
lt
age
s
for
noise
-
se
ns
it
ive
analo
g
blo
c
ks
[
3,
4].
These
a
dvanta
ges
m
ake
LD
Os
e
xtensiv
el
y
require
d
in
powe
r
m
anag
e
m
ent
of
the
e
m
bed
ded
syst
e
m
s
between
the
s
witc
hi
ng
powe
r
co
nverter
s
(SWP
C)
an
d
the
oth
er
-
anal
og
ci
rcu
it
ries
to
e
ve
ntu
al
ly
increas
e t
he ba
tt
ery li
fetim
e.
In
[
4],
an
a
ddit
ion
al
fe
ed
bac
k
path
guara
nte
es
the
sta
bili
ty
at
the
ex
pe
ns
e
of
t
he
qu
ie
sce
nt
current
of
65
µ
A.
I
n
co
nventio
nal
LD
Os
[
5
-
7],
ad
din
g
a
la
rge
ou
t
pu
t
capaci
to
r
(
up
t
o
4.7µF)
i
s
necessary
to
locat
e
the
dom
inant
po
le
at
lo
w
frequ
e
ncies
s
o
that
achieve
s
good
f
re
qu
e
ncy
com
pen
sat
ion.
The
la
r
ge
outp
ut
capaci
tor
occ
upie
s
a
la
rg
e
c
hip
-
area.
I
n
orde
r
to
desig
n
a
f
ull
on
-
chi
p
L
D
O
re
gula
tor,
the
num
ber
of
com
pen
sat
ing
capaci
tors
m
us
t
be
reduce
d
[
7
]
.
Se
ver
al
LD
O
regulat
ors
s
uitable
f
o
r
on
-
chip
i
nteg
rati
on
hav
e
recently
be
en
desig
ne
d
[
8
–
1
9
]
.
Howe
ver,
existi
ng
s
olu
ti
on
s
on
ly
par
ti
al
ly
add
re
ss
previ
ou
sly
m
entioned
issues.
The
com
pen
sat
ion
te
ch
nique
of
the
dam
pin
g
facto
r
in
[
9
]
offer
s
a
high
powe
r
sup
ply
rej
ect
ion
rati
o
(P
SRR
)
(
-
30
dB
at
1
MHz),
bu
t
the
re
gu
la
t
or
is
not
sta
ble
at
a
low
load
current.
In
[
10
]
,
a
sy
m
m
e
tric
sing
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t
J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
9
:
46
37
-
4648
4638
end
e
d
-
casca
de
-
com
pen
sat
io
n
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
a
pp
li
ed
to
sta
bili
ze
the
regula
tor
ov
e
r
the
f
ul
l
ran
ge
of
tra
ns
ie
nt
load
cu
rr
e
nt,
there
by
rem
ov
ing
a
ny
add
it
io
nal
ci
rcu
it
ry
[
4]
at
the
pr
ic
e
of
l
arg
e
act
iv
e
area
occupati
on
s
by
the MOSFE
T capacit
or
s i
nteg
rated on
the sy
stem
. To
achieve a
fu
ll
on
-
c
hi
p
LD
O
in [
8
,
12
,
14
]
, th
e tec
hniq
ue
of
neste
d
Mi
ll
er
c
om
pen
sat
ion
(
NMC)
is
use
d
i
n
[
8
]
,
to
r
edu
ce
the
re
qu
ired
Mi
ll
er
ca
pa
ci
ta
nce
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
the
dam
pin
g
f
r
equ
e
ncy
sim
ul
ta
neously
.
The
fu
ll
on
-
chi
p
L
DO
ar
chite
ct
ur
e
schem
e
with
adap
ti
ve
f
re
quency
com
pen
sat
ion
i
n
[
1
2
]
,
w
hic
h
gu
a
ra
ntees
sta
bili
ty
ov
er
the
fu
ll
ra
ng
e
of
tr
ansient
an
d
al
te
rn
at
in
g
loa
d
c
urren
t,
at
the expe
ns
e
of g
ai
n
a
nd sys
t
e
m
r
apidity
.
In
[
20
]
,
a
push
-
pull
error
am
plifie
r
was
us
e
d
to
in
j
ect
m
ore
cur
re
nt
to
qu
ic
kly
char
ge
a
nd
discha
rge
the
the
powe
r
transist
or
gate
capaci
tors
duri
ng
l
oa
d
tra
ns
ie
nt
va
riat
ion
s
a
s
well
as
to
ge
ner
at
e
a
c
onsid
erab
l
e
current
i
nto
th
e
load
but
only
at
the
condit
ion
if
a
la
rg
e
input
volt
age
is
app
li
e
d
,
in
a
ddit
ion
t
he
sta
bi
li
ty
of
the
LD
O
goes
dow
n
at
low
load
c
onditi
ons
cau
s
ing
out
pu
t
vo
lt
age
va
riat
ion
s
.
I
n
[
2
1
]
,
the
s
ub
t
hr
e
sh
ol
d
sle
w
-
rate
enh
a
ncem
ent
te
chn
iqu
e
(
SSE
)
w
as
propose
d,
i
n
w
hich
al
l
trans
ist
or
s
of
BIAS
work
i
n
the
su
bt
hr
e
shold
r
egio
n.
A
n
im
po
rta
nt
en
ha
nce
m
ent
respo
ns
e
tim
e
is
i
m
pr
oved
at
the
co
st
of
a
la
r
ge
a
rea,
w
hich
is
unsu
it
able
f
or
So
C
so
l
ution
s
.
In
[
2
2
]
a
Slew
-
rate
E
nhancem
ent
(SR
E)
ci
rc
uit
w
as
pro
posed
,
with
a
band
width l
ess
than 5
0
he
rtz
unde
r
f
ull v
olt
age s
wing,
whi
ch
is
not rec
omm
end
ed
for hi
gh
fr
e
qu
e
ncy sy
stem
.
In
this
pap
e
r,
a
Fu
ll
on
-
c
hip
LDO
f
or
lo
w
powe
r
em
bed
de
d
syst
em
s
is
pro
po
se
d.
T
he
key
featu
res
are
to
gua
ran
t
ee
the
syst
e
m
sta
bili
ty
and
el
i
m
inate
the
need
of
any
la
r
ge
pa
ssive
de
vices
and
a
ny
of
f
-
c
hip
capaci
tor
w
hich
is
not
recom
m
end
ed
in
t
he
S
oC
desig
ns
as
the
case
pr
ese
nted
i
n
[5
-
7]
an
d
[2
3
]
sh
ows
.
The
so
l
ution
presente
d
in
this
work
pu
rsu
e
s
the
sa
m
e
ob
je
ct
ive
pr
ese
nted
in
[2
0
-
22
]
,
wh
ic
h
is
enh
a
nc
i
ng
the
respo
ns
e
ti
m
e
wi
th
a
fast
set
tl
ing
-
ti
m
e
witho
ut
dete
rio
r
at
ing
the
gai
n
band
width
to
a
ddress
the
m
entioned
issue
in
[2
0
-
22
]
.
B
y
us
i
ng
a
si
m
ple
fast
detect
or
am
pli
fier
a
nd
sm
all
on
-
c
hip
c
ompen
sat
ion
capa
ci
tor
s,
the
pro
pose
d
c
ircuit
achie
ved
a
low
quie
sce
nt
cu
rr
e
nt
an
d
m
ini
m
u
m
un
de
r/o
ver
-
sho
ots
over
t
he
f
ull
ra
nge
of
transient
loa
d
current
,
t
her
e
f
or
e
,
m
aking
it
su
it
able
f
or
lo
w
powe
r
ap
plica
ti
on
s
an
d
pr
esenti
ng
a
so
lu
ti
on
of
the
pro
blem
s
sh
ow
n
in
[
4,
8],
wh
il
e
gu
aran
te
ei
ng
sta
bili
ty
un
der
a
ll
op
erati
ng
conditi
ons
.
Mo
rev
e
r,
an
optim
iz
ed
on
-
c
hip
act
ive
area
is
achieved
du
e
to
th
e
low
num
ber
of
pole
s
and
zero
s
.
T
he
ci
rcu
it
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
n of t
he pr
opos
ed
L
D
O
is
org
anized a
s foll
ows:
2.
PROP
OSE
D L
DO
ST
R
UCT
UR
E
The
ci
rcu
it
im
plem
entat
ion
of
the
pro
pose
d
L
D
O
is
s
ho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
1,
M
1
-
M
1
7
,
M
b1
-
M
b2
a
nd
R
1
-
R
2
f
or
m
the
s
ource
dr
i
ven
c
urren
t
operati
onal
e
rro
r
am
plifie
r
(
E
A)
.
M
18
-
M
21
,
R
3
-
R
5
a
nd
C
f
form
the
pr
opos
e
d
Fast
Detect
or
Am
plifie
r,
Th
e
sy
m
m
et
rical
operati
onal
a
m
pl
ifie
r,
M
22
-
M
29
an
d
M
b
3
form
the
volt
age
buf
fer
sta
ge
,
it
serv
es
te
ch
n
ic
al
ly
to
isolat
e
the
loadi
ng
e
ff
ect
s
as
well
as
isolat
e
s
the
input
wh
ic
h
is
the
gate
of
t
he
tra
ns
ist
or
M
26
from
the
ou
t
pu
t
w
hich
is
th
e
fee
db
ac
k
net
work
a
dju
stm
e
nt
s
o
that
pro
vid
e
a
n
a
m
ou
nt
of
c
urren
t
to
the
c
urre
nt
operati
onal
EA
[
2
4
]
.
PT
is
the
P
ower
T
r
an
sist
or
PMOSFE
T
f
or
m
ing
the
outp
ut
sta
ge
.
The
cl
ass
-
A
B
pu
s
h
-
pull
E
A
sc
hem
e
sh
ould
offer
l
ow
powe
r
dissipati
on,
a
nd
it
s
bias
current
sh
oul
d
be
a
s
low
a
s
possi
ble,
in
order
t
o
dr
i
ve
the
PT
gate
an
d
t
o
a
chieve
a
good
correct
ive
fee
db
ac
k
act
ion
[2
0
]
.
F
igure
1. Ci
rcui
t im
ple
m
entati
on of t
he pr
opose
d
L
D
O
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Full o
n
-
c
hi
p
lo
w dr
opout volt
ag
e
re
gu
l
ato
r
wi
th an
e
nhanc
ed
tr
an
sie
nt
…
(
Ha
ti
m
A
mezi
ane
)
4639
2.1.
Prop
os
ed
f
ast
detect
or am
pli
fier
(F
DA)
To
e
nh
a
nce
th
e
transie
nt
res
pons
e
,
a
no
vel
te
chn
i
qu
e
is
i
m
ple
m
ented
in
this
pro
po
se
d
str
uctu
r
e
as
show
n
i
n
Fi
gure
2.
T
he
M
21
tra
ns
ist
or
is
us
e
d
to
tra
ns
m
it
th
e
outp
ut
volt
age
var
ia
ti
on
du
e
t
o
the
va
riat
ion
of
t
he
loa
d
c
ur
ren
t
to
act
ivate
the
Fast
Dete
ct
or
Am
plifie
r
blo
c
k
(FDA
).
The
c
ontr
ol
sign
al
t
hro
ugh
M
21
is
conve
rted
to
c
urren
t
a
nd
am
plifie
d
by
the
c
urre
nt
m
irror
M
19
-
M
20
that
al
lows
m
or
e
c
urr
ent
direct
to
t
he
load
thr
ough the
C
f
capaci
tor
after
wa
rd
s
.
Figure
2. Sc
he
m
at
ic
o
f
the
fa
st detec
tor
am
plifie
r
(FD
A)
Wh
e
n
the
l
oa
d
dem
and
s
m
or
e
cu
rr
e
nt
a
nd
th
e
E
A
is
incapa
ble
t
o
c
orrectl
y
dr
i
ve
the
gate
of
the
powe
r
tra
nsi
stor
to
pro
vid
e
the
loa
d
c
urre
nt
de
m
and
e
d,
the
ca
pacit
or
C
f
f
un
ct
io
ns
as
a
current
pro
vid
e
r
path
to
the
loa
d
that
assist
s
the
re
gu
la
ti
on
s
yst
e
m
to
recov
er
the
nom
inal
value
of
outp
ut
vo
lt
a
ge
with
a
ver
y
sh
ort
set
tl
ing
t
i
m
e
as
detai
led
in
Fig
ur
e
2.
W
he
re,
I
load
,
V
out
,
I
f
,
V
out
_
un
de
r
and
V
out
_
ov
e
r
are
res
pe
ct
ively
the
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt,
the
nom
ina
l
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
ge,
t
he
cu
rr
e
nt
inj
ect
e
d
by
t
he
F
DA,
the
ou
t
pu
t
volt
age
whe
n
I
load
ste
ps
from
lo
w
t
o
high
lo
ad
c
urre
nt
a
nd
t
he
outp
ut
vo
lt
age
when
I
load
ste
ps
from
hi
gh
to
lo
w
load
c
u
rr
e
nt.
The
var
ia
ti
on
of
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
age
act
ivate
s
the
fa
st
det
ect
or
am
plifie
r.
I
n
the
ca
se
of
a
drop
of
ou
t
pu
t
vo
lt
a
ge,
an
am
ou
nt
of
current
is
i
nj
e
ct
ed
to
the
l
oa
d
th
rou
gh
C
f
cap
a
ci
tor.
In
t
he
case
of
overl
oa
d,
the
sen
se
of
c
urren
t
t
hroug
h
C
f
wi
ll
be
c
hanged
an
d
ti
ed
t
o
the
LD
O
groun
d
acr
os
s
t
he
netw
ork
resi
stors
.
This
var
ia
ti
on i
s g
i
ven b
y:
∆
=
∆
(
−
20
)
=
1
−
18
20
18
20
1
−
20
∆
(1)
W
it
h
=
5
5
+
4
Wh
e
n
(
)
=
∆
∆
=
1
−
18
20
18
20
1
−
20
∙
∙
∆
∆
(2)
Wh
e
re
gm
18
,
gm
19
,
gm
20
,
r
18,
r
19
a
nd
r
20
are
the
transc
onduct
a
nce
a
nd
t
he
r
esi
sta
nce
of
transisto
rs
M1
8
,
M1
9
an
d
M2
0
resp
ect
ively
, VD
20 is the
dr
ai
n
volt
age
of transist
or
M
20, a
nd
β
is t
he
rati
o of
vo
lt
age
d
i
vid
e
r
circuit as
sho
wn in
Fig
ur
e
2.
Th
e
re a
re thre
e cases to
cons
ider.
Ca
se
1
:
Lo
w
t
o
hi
gh
l
oad
cu
r
ren
t:
the
ou
t
put
vo
lt
age
dro
ps
(
∆
V
out
<
0
)
;
g
m
18
an
d
gm
20
increase
a
nd
f
ulfill
the
c
onditi
on
g
m18
g
m20
r
18
r
20
β
≫
1
.
T
hus,
m
or
e
current
f
r
om
the
FDA
bl
oc
k
bei
ng
direc
te
d
towa
rd
s
the
outp
ut
syst
em
thr
ough
C
f
wh
e
n
the
powe
r
tr
ansis
to
r
(
PT
)
is
not
able
to
pro
vi
de
the
c
urren
t
de
m
and
ed
.
The
current
I
f
inj
ect
ed
t
o
t
he
ou
t
put
of
LD
O
th
r
ough
t
he
ca
pa
ci
tor
C
f
is
con
t
ro
ll
ed
by
the
F
DA
gain
.
I
n
fact,
the
drop
of
V
out
dec
reas
es
the
gate
volt
age
of
M1
8
thr
ough
dro
pout
volt
ag
e
in
resist
a
nc
e
R5
a
nd
c
re
at
es
current
i
n
tra
ns
ist
or
M
19.
A
s
res
ult,
the
cu
rr
e
nt
pro
vid
e
d
by
M
19
is
am
plifie
d
by
cu
rr
e
nt
m
irror
M1
9
-
M2
0
.
Co
ns
eq
ue
ntly
,
m
or
e
cu
rr
e
nt
is
inj
ect
e
d
to
the
loa
d
t
hro
ugh
C
f
an
d
th
e
outp
ut
vo
lt
a
ge
of
L
DO
re
cov
e
rs
it
s
no
m
inal
value
w
it
h
a
sm
al
l
Unde
rsho
ot.
Ca
se
2
:
w
hen
V
out
rec
ov
e
rs
the
nom
inal
value,
the
c
urre
nt
th
rough
M1
8
and
M1
9
ta
ke
s
it
s
m
ini
m
u
m
val
ue
and
g
m18
g
m2
0
r
18
r
20
β
≈
1
.
Th
us
,
t
he
volt
age
var
ia
t
ion
acr
os
s
C
f
be
c
om
e
neg
li
gi
ble
an
d
the
c
urre
nt
flo
wing
to
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
t
he
syst
e
m
is
al
so
neg
li
gi
ble.
Co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly
,
th
e
LD
O
operat
es
in
norm
al
conditi
ons.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t
J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
9
:
46
37
-
4648
4640
Ca
se
3
:
high
t
o
lo
w
loa
d
c
urre
nt:
the
outp
ut
volt
age
bec
om
es
gr
eat
er
(
∆
V
out
>0
),
both
gm
18
an
d
gm
20
decr
ease
a
nd
t
he
co
ndit
ion
g
m1
8
g
m2
0
r
18
r
20
β
≤
1
is
sat
isfie
d.
I
n
this
case,
th
e
cu
rrent
th
rou
gh
C
f
changes
di
recti
on
a
nd
f
ollo
w
to
the
groun
d
thr
ough
FDA
instea
d
of
the
s
yst
e
m
ou
tp
ut
and
a
la
rge
par
t
of
ov
e
rloa
d
cu
r
re
nt
dire
c
te
d
towa
r
ds
th
e
com
pen
sat
io
n
capaci
to
r
C
C
to
the
gate
of
th
e
power
transisto
r.
C
onseq
uen
tl
y,
the
ov
e
rloa
d
c
urre
nt
re
directed
to
the
gate
of
the
PT
th
rou
gh
ca
pacit
or
Cc
,
that
helps
the
m
ai
n
loo
p
to
r
ecov
e
r
the
c
ontrol
of
t
he
pow
er
transist
or
P
T
.
as
a
resu
lt
,
the
PT
sto
ps
pro
vid
in
g
t
he
c
urren
t t
o
the
lo
ad
that
not
de
m
and
ed
.
Figure
3
.
Sim
ulati
on
of t
he
c
urre
nt in
j
ect
io
n by the
pro
pose
d
fast d
et
ect
or
a
m
plifie
r
Fo
r
e
xam
ple,
wh
e
n
I
L
oad
ste
ps
f
rom
low
to
high
loa
d
with
ca
pa
ci
ta
nce
C
out
of
10
0pF
at
t
he
syst
e
m
ou
t
pu
t,
only
I
f
=10
µ
A
pro
du
ce
d
by
t
he
propo
sed
F
D
A
ci
rc
uit
is
enou
gh
t
o
c
om
pen
sat
e
the cu
r
ren
t dr
a
w
n
from
capaci
tor
C
out
to
th
e
loa
d,
wit
h
a
n
un
der
s
hoot
of
100m
V
withi
n
le
ss
tha
n
1µs
s
et
tl
ing
ti
m
e.
In
the
ot
her
case
,
wh
e
n
I
L
oa
d
ste
ps
f
r
om
hig
h
to
lo
w
load,
an
d
with
a
sm
a
ll
resist
a
nce
at
the
outp
ut
of
the
seco
nd
sta
ge
of
E
A,
the
discha
r
ge
of
ca
pacit
or
at
the
PT
gate
is
bein
g
faster
.
As
a
co
ns
e
qu
e
nt,
the
syst
em
recover
s
the
nom
inal
value
of
the
ou
tpu
t
vo
lt
ag
e.
F
igure
3
dem
on
stra
te
s
the
c
urr
ent
in
j
ect
io
n
I
f
of
the
F
D
A
at
th
e
f
ull
load
cu
rren
t
range.
2.2.
Tr
an
sie
n
t
res
po
nse
com
pen
sa
ti
on
The
sim
plifie
d
blo
ck
diag
ram
of
this
pro
pos
ed
LD
O
is
pr
e
sented
in
Fi
gur
e
4,
an
d
the
pa
rasit
ic
gate
capaci
tors
C
GS
an
d
C
GD
are
ta
ke
n
int
o
c
onside
ra
ti
on
.
C
oa1
,
C
oa2
,
C
c
a
nd
C
out
are
th
e
e
qu
i
va
le
nt
outp
ut
capaci
ta
nces
of
the
EA
,
vo
lt
age
buff
e
r,
the
com
pen
sat
io
n
capaci
to
r
a
nd
the
loa
d
capa
ci
ta
nce
res
pect
ively
.
R
oa
1
,
R
oa
2
,
r
p
an
d
R
L
are
t
he
e
quivale
nt
ou
t
pu
t
resist
an
ces
of
t
he
E
A
,
t
he
volt
ag
e
buf
fer,t
he
P
T
an
d
the
eq
uiv
al
e
nt
load
of
t
he
L
DO
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
The
pa
rasit
ic
capaci
ta
nce
s
of
t
he
fa
st
-
de
te
ct
or
-
am
plifie
r
are
m
uch
sm
a
ll
er th
an
th
os
e
of th
e PT.
The
la
rg
e
out
put
ca
pacit
or
C
out
is
us
e
d
to
e
nsure
sta
bili
ty
at
al
l
o
pe
rati
on
c
ondi
ti
on
s,
w
hich
c
auses
a
pro
blem
of
integrati
on
on
a
So
C
du
e
to
it
s
la
rg
e
ocupie
d
area.
Howe
ver,
the
dom
inant
-
po
le
m
us
t
be
l
ocated
inside
the
lo
op
of
t
he
fee
dbac
k
net
wor
k,
a
nd
the
tra
ns
ie
nt
c
on
t
ro
l
si
gn
al
m
us
t
pro
pa
gate
a
t
the
PT
gate,
s
ince
the
gate
capac
it
ance
of
t
he
P
T
C
G
≈
C
GS
+
C
oa2
+
(
C
c
+
C
GD
)
A
Pass
.T
he
e
qu
i
val
ent
resis
ta
nce
at
the
outpu
t
of
the
erro
r
am
plifie
r
R
oa2
act
s
as
a
curre
nt
-
volt
age
-
c
onve
rt
er.
Co
ns
e
que
ntly
,
this
co
nverter
ca
us
es
a
pro
pag
at
io
n
-
de
la
y
pr
oport
io
nal
to
R
oa
2
C
G
.
W
he
n
the
gate
ca
paci
tor
of
t
he
PT
bec
ome
s
enlar
ged,
the pr
op
a
gatio
n
-
delay
w
il
l be
longe
r.
Wh
e
n
t
he
lo
ad
cu
rr
e
nt
I
L
oad
increa
ses,
the
PT
ca
n
pro
vid
e
t
he
require
d
loa
d
current
only
w
hen
the
gate
volt
age
V
G
m
ov
es
cl
os
e
e
nough
to
it
s
s
te
ady
-
sta
te
wit
hin
a
delay
-
ti
m
e
t
p
,
wh
ic
h
is
relat
ed
to
E
A’s
par
asi
ti
c
pole
s
.
The
ra
pi
dity
of
the
L
D
O
is
ty
pical
ly
ass
ociat
ed
to
the
PT
pro
pag
at
i
on
-
delay
and
can
be
wr
it
te
n
as
g
m2
/
C
G
,
wh
e
re
g
m2
is
the
error
am
plifie
r
transc
onduct
a
nce
of
t
he
sec
ond
s
ta
ge
in
s
m
al
l
sign
a
l
represe
ntati
on
,
the
value
of
g
m2
is
te
ch
nical
ly
li
m
it
ed.
The
refo
re,
the
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
a
n
aux
il
ia
ry
ci
rcu
i
t
is
involve
d
to
c
ha
rg
e
quickly
th
e g
at
e ca
pacit
or
of
t
he
P
T.
The
Fast
Dete
ct
or
Am
plifie
r
(FDA
)
pro
posed
i
n
this
w
ork
prese
n
ts
the
co
re
of
t
he
c
om
pen
sat
io
n
ci
rcu
it
,
as
sho
wn
in
Fig
ur
e
4.
The
volt
age
va
riat
ion
s
at
the
F
ull
-
on
-
Chi
p
L
D
O
ou
t
pu
t
are
sense
d
an
d
th
e
n
even
t
ually
co
nverte
d
int
o
a
n
am
ou
nt
of
c
urren
t
I
f
by
the
FDA.
Wh
e
n
the
PT
is
un
c
apab
le
to
s
up
ply
I
l
o
a
d
I
f
V
o
ut
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Full o
n
-
c
hi
p
lo
w dr
opout volt
ag
e
re
gu
l
ato
r
wi
th an
e
nhanc
ed
tr
an
sie
nt
…
(
Ha
ti
m
A
mezi
ane
)
4641
the
require
d
l
oa
d
c
urre
nt,
at
t
his
m
om
ent
I
f
w
il
l
be
s
upplied
into
t
he
Fu
ll
-
on
-
C
hip
L
DO
outp
ut.
When
a
load
ste
p
cu
rr
e
nt
∆
I
L
O
AD
is
dem
and
ed
,
a
n
outp
ut
volt
age
rip
ple
∆
V
O
UT
is
produced
;
t
he
e
xtra
ct
ed
cu
rr
e
nt
f
r
om
PT
gate
ca
pacit
or
s
flo
ws
thr
ough
C
c
a
nd
C
f
unt
il
the
PT’s
drai
n
cu
r
ren
t
∆
I
DS
−
PM
rec
om
penses
∆
I
L
O
AD
,
al
lowi
ng
the outp
ut
vo
lt
age
V
out
to
return
quic
kly bac
k
t
o t
he
ste
ady stat
e
.
Using
t
he
Co
nc
eptual
st
ru
ct
ure
ci
rc
uit
in
F
igure
4,
t
he
c
urren
t
flo
wing
in
the
fee
dba
ck
resist
ors
R
F1
and
R
F2
is
c
on
si
der
i
ng
ne
glect
ed
due
t
o
t
he
ir
la
r
ge
para
m
et
res,
the
ga
te
va
riat
ion
of
the
PT
t
o
reco
m
pen
sat
e t
he variat
io
n of
∆
I
L
O
AD
co
rr
es
ponds t
o:
∆
I
L
O
AD
≅
∆
I
DS
−
PM
≅
g
mp
∗
∆
V
g
≅
g
mp
C
c
C
G
∆
V
V
O
UT
(3)
Figure
4. Co
nc
eptual str
uct
ure o
f
the
pro
pos
ed full
-
on
-
c
hip LD
O
Fo
r
e
xam
ple, w
he
n
Il
oad
ste
ps
fro
m
0
to
50
m
A
with a
m
a
xim
u
m
o
utp
ut r
ip
ple o
f 100
m
V
and
u
sin
g
the
values
of
g
mp
=5
mA
/
V
(no
loa
d)
an
d
C
G
=5
0
pF
,
the
c
ompen
sat
ing
ca
pa
ci
ta
nce
C
c
is
in
t
he
orde
r
of
5
nF
.
The
w
orst
-
case
sce
nar
i
o
w
he
n
the
transie
nt
operati
on
go
es
f
ro
m
low
to
hi
gh
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt,
PT
re
qu
ire
s
a
la
rg
e
couplin
g
ca
pa
ci
ta
nce.
T
hus,
the
re
qu
ire
d
couplin
g
ca
pa
ci
tor
is
t
oo
la
rg
e
to
be
inte
gr
at
e
d.
The
pr
opos
e
d
te
chn
iq
ue
is
use
d
t
o
dec
reas
e
the
siz
e
of
C
c
w
hile
m
ai
ntai
ning
t
he
sta
bili
ty
and
im
pr
ov
in
g
t
he
tra
ns
i
ent
respo
ns
e,
the parasi
ti
c
capaci
ta
nces o
f
the
F
DA
are
ne
glect
ed,
a
nd
t
he
c
urren
t flo
wing
t
hro
ugh
Rf
1
a
nd Rf2
i
s
neg
le
ct
e
d,
t
he c
urren
t l
oad va
riat
ion
∆
I
L
O
AD
corres
ponds t
o:
∆
=
∆
+
∆
+
∆
≅
∗
∆
+
(
1
−
18
20
18
20
)
∆
+
∆
(4)
∆
I
C
out
Corres
pond to
the c
urren
t
va
r
ia
ti
on
v
ia
the
outp
ut
-
ca
pacit
or.
Fo
r
the
analy
sis
of
the
pro
po
s
ed
ci
rcu
it
,
consi
der
i
ng
th
e
sim
plif
ie
d
open
-
lo
op
c
harac
te
risti
c
of
the
L
D
O’
s
c
om
pen
sat
ion
sc
hem
e
sh
ow
n
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4.
T
he
c
urre
nt
in
je
ct
ed
th
r
ough
C
f
is
inc
rease
d
by
factor
(
1
−
g
m18
g
m20
r
18
r
20
β
)
,
w
he
re
A
d
is
the
FDA
gai
n.
T
his
al
lows
us
t
o
re
d
uce
the
value
of
the
capaci
to
r
C
f
.
Be
sides,
g
m2
0
an
d
r
20
are
not
to
o
la
r
ge
to
af
fect
the
sta
bili
ty
.
Acc
ordin
gly,
the
F
DA
ef
fects
in
the
f
ull
-
On
-
Chip
L
DO
a
re
act
ive
ei
th
er
in
over
-
loa
d
or
unde
r
-
l
oa
d
var
ia
ti
ons.
Fig
ur
e
11(
b)
show
s
the
i
m
pr
ovem
e
nt
of
t
he
tra
ns
ie
nt
res
pons
e
at
fu
ll
loa
d
us
i
ng
the
propose
d
FDA
com
pensat
ion
,
wh
ic
h
yi
el
ds
reducti
on in
un
der
s
hoots
w
it
h
capaci
tor
v
al
ue
of
C
f
is 3
0
pF
and of
C
c
is 1
0
pF
.
2.3
.
Frequenc
y
res
po
nse
of
th
e
p
roposed L
DO
The
i
ntern
al
l
oop
of
the
f
ull
on
-
c
hi
p
LD
O
vo
lt
age
re
gu
la
to
r
is
com
pr
ise
d
of
se
ver
al
em
bed
de
d
pole
s,
wh
ic
h
hav
e
de
tri
m
ental
eff
ec
ts
on
the
sta
bil
it
y.
Con
side
rin
g
the
sam
e
con
cept
ual
str
uct
ur
e
in
Fig
ur
e
4
a
nd
without
us
in
g
the
c
om
pen
sa
ti
on
-
ci
rc
uit,
t
he
LD
O
will
ha
ve
th
ree
l
oca
te
d
pole
s;
P
1
:
at
the
outp
ut
of
the
error
-
am
plifie
r,
P
2
:
pole
at
the
gate
of
the
powe
r
tra
ns
ist
or
an
d
P
3
:po
le
at
the
ou
t
pu
t
of
t
he
L
DO
volt
ag
e
regulat
or
:
1
=
1
1
1
⁄
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t
J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
9
:
46
37
-
4648
4642
2
=
1
2
(
2
+
+
)
⁄
(5)
3
≅
1
(
+
)
⁄
The
e
quivale
nt
outp
ut r
esi
sta
nc
e can be
w
ritt
en
as
R
out
≅
r
p
/
/
(
R
F1
+
R
F2
)
/
/
R
L
Wh
e
re
r
p
and
A
pass
ar
e
the
total
resist
ance
bet
wee
n
the
dr
ai
n
a
nd
sou
rce
of
th
e
PT
an
d
it
s
volt
age
gain
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
Wh
en
r
p
an
d
A
pass
inc
rease
a
nd
de
crease
due
t
o
the
loa
d
cu
rr
e
nt
va
riat
ion
s,
th
e
tw
o
pole
s
P
2
an
d
P
3
m
ov
e
to
the
L
DO
out
pu
t
t
o
lo
w
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
th
us
sign
ific
a
ntly
aff
ect
in
g
the
syst
e
m
’s
sta
bili
t
y,
since these
pol
es are
ve
ry sensi
ti
ve
to the
ou
tpu
t l
oa
d
c
on
diti
on
s.
Figure
5. Eq
ui
valent sm
al
l
-
si
gn
al
m
od
el
of the
pro
po
se
d v
ol
ta
ge
re
gu
la
to
r, i
nclu
ding t
he FD
A path
At
lo
w
l
oad
c
onditi
ons,
the
e
qu
i
valent
outp
ut
re
sist
ance
i
nc
reases,
an
d
co
ns
e
qu
e
ntly
the
po
le
p
2
will
be
pushe
d
to
the
lo
w
f
requ
encies
beca
us
e
of
t
he
unde
sired
par
asi
ti
c
pole
s,
since
the
pa
rasit
ic
ca
pa
ci
tor
C
GD
gen
e
rates
the
rig
ht
-
hal
f
plan
e
(R
HP)
ze
ro
Z
1
(
G
mp
/
C
GD
),
w
hich
r
e
du
ce
s
t
he
l
oop
phase
m
arg
in
of
the f
re
qu
e
ncy r
esp
on
se
. Th
e
re
fore,
the LDO
syst
e
m
w
it
ho
ut u
sing
the c
ompen
sat
ion
-
ci
rc
uit
m
ay
no
t be stable
especial
ly
at n
o
loa
d
c
onditi
on
The
t
opology’
s
trans
fer
f
un
ct
ion
ca
n
be
ob
ta
ine
d
by
usi
ng
t
he
e
quivale
nt
sm
al
l
-
sign
al
m
od
el
represe
ntati
on
of
the
pro
po
sed
str
uct
ur
e
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ur
e
5.
T
he
M
il
le
r
capaci
ta
nc
e
is
acco
unte
d
f
or
C
G
≈
C
GS
+
A
pass
(
C
oa2
+
C
C
+
C
GD
).
The
c
onti
nu
it
y
of the c
urre
nt a
t t
he
PT
g
at
e a
nd outp
ut
node
s proves t
hat:
{
−
2
1
=
2
+
(
+
2
)
+
(
+
)
(
−
)
−
=
+
+
(
+
)
(
−
)
+
(6)
Wh
e
r
e
:
1
=
−
1
1
,
=
(
1
+
20
)
1
+
(
+
20
)
,
1
=
1
1
+
1
1
,
=
+
,
=
+
2
(
)
=
1
2
1
2
(
1
−
)
(
1
+
20
)
(
1
+
1
1
)
(
1
+
2
)
[
1
+
+
2
]
(7)
Wh
e
re:
a=
(
1
[
20
2
(
+
)
+
(
+
)
+
20
(
+
)
]
+
20
)
b=
1
[
(
)
(
+
)
20
+
20
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Full o
n
-
c
hi
p
lo
w dr
opout volt
ag
e
re
gu
l
ato
r
wi
th an
e
nhanc
ed
tr
an
sie
nt
…
(
Ha
ti
m
A
mezi
ane
)
4643
The
(7)
s
heds
li
gh
t
on
t
he
im
portant
e
ff
ect
of
t
he
F
D
A
ci
r
cuit
an
d
the
use
of
Mi
ll
er
co
m
pen
sat
ion
.
The
neg
at
i
ve
eff
ect
of
t
he
RHP
ze
ro
(
g
mp
/
C
m
)
on
the
sta
bili
ty
of
the
sy
ste
m
will
be
ca
nce
le
d
easi
ly
by
the
L
HP
(
1/
r
20
C
f
).
I
n
t
his
case
the
bo
t
h
R
HP
an
d
LHP
zer
os
are
placed
at
ver
y
high
fr
e
quenci
es
(>
2.5
G
Hz
).
To
analy
ze
the
transf
e
r
func
ti
on
in
(7),
wi
th
two
orde
rs
at
den
om
inator
(1
+a
S+b
S
2
),
there
are
tw
o
cases
to consi
der
.
Ca
se
1:
low
t
o
hi
gh
outp
ut
current:
g
mp
incre
ases
an
d
with
the
ci
rcu
it
str
uctu
re
an
d
para
m
et
ers
transisto
rs
(
g
mp
≈
551m
A/V
(at
f
ul
l
-
load),
r
p
=3.
8
,
r
20
=2
08
,
R
oa
2
≈380K
,
C
f
=30pF
,
C
c
=10pF
,
C
GD
=8p
F
,
C
GS
=2pF a
nd
C
out
=100
pf).
To
sim
plify
the
(1
+a
S+b
S²)
e
xpressi
on,
co
nsi
der
in
g
th
e
tw
o
f
ollo
wing
ap
pro
xim
a
ti
on
s:
R
oa
2
>
>
r
p
And
C
f
r
20
r
p
>
>
C
out
. T
he
fac
tors o
f
tw
o ord
ers
at
denom
inator bec
om
e as foll
ow
s:
a=
(
r
20
r
p
g
mp
C
m
[
(
C
G
+
C
m
)
C
f
+
r
p
g
mp
C
m
C
f
]
)
an
d
b=
r
20
g
mp
C
m
[
C
out
C
G
C
f
+
C
G
C
f
C
m
]
The
c
onditi
on
∆
=
a
2
−
4b
>
0
will
b
e
ver
ifie
d an
d
ca
n be e
xpress
ed
as
fo
ll
ow
s:
+
(
+
)
−
2
√
(
(
+
)
20
)
>
0
(8)
At this c
onditi
on, th
e
syst
em
po
le
s
are give
n by:
1
=
−
1
1
1
,
=
1
2
3
,
4
=
−
(
20
[
(
+
)
+
]
)
±
√
+
(
+
)
−
2
√
(
(
+
)
20
)
2
[
20
+
20
]
(9)
The
de
no
m
inator
of
the
tra
ns
f
er
f
unct
ion
in
(
7)
co
ntains
a
fi
rst
pole
P
1
occurs
at
the
outp
ut
of
the
E
A
placed
at
high
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
C
oa1
(
a
fe
w
fF),
,
a
dom
inant
pole
P
d
d
ue
to
the
c
ompen
sat
ion
ca
pa
ci
tor
placed
at
low
f
reque
nci
es,
the
thir
d
and
four
t
h
po
le
s
are
locat
ed
m
uch
after
the
Tran
sit
io
n
fr
e
quen
cy
at
hig
h
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
a
nd
ha
ve
no
ef
fe
ct
on
t
he
LD
O
sta
bili
ty
wh
ic
h
justi
fy
that
t
he
prese
nted
F
DA
im
ple
m
entat
ion
op
e
rates
on
ly
wh
e
n
t
he ov
e
r a
nd un
der loa
d wit
h g
uar
a
nte
es the sta
bili
ty
in
al
l o
utput l
oa
d
c
onditi
ons.
The
fa
st
-
detect
or
-
am
plifie
r
op
erates
in
t
he
transient
reg
i
m
e
to
red
uce
the
sp
i
kes
at
the
outp
ut
of
the
LD
O
wh
e
n
the
cu
rr
e
nt
lo
ad
s
witc
hes
ei
ther
from
it
s
m
axim
u
m
to
the
m
ini
m
u
m
or
vice
ve
rsa,
unli
ke
i
n
the no
rm
al
o
per
at
ing co
ndit
ion
s,
t
he FD
A be
com
es inact
ive and the
curre
nt
at the PT
g
at
e
b
ec
om
es:
{
=
(
−
)
=
+
(
−
)
=
−
2
1
−
2
(10)
Wh
e
re
≃
r
p
1
+
2
=
2
1
+
2
.
The o
pen
-
lo
op
trans
fer
f
un
ct
io
n
in
this case
is
expres
sed
as
f
ollows:
(
)
≃
1
2
1
2
(
1
−
)
(
1
+
1
1
)
[
1
+
(
2
(
+
)
+
(
+
)
+
2
)
+
2
(
2
(
+
+
)
]
(11)
The p
oles obta
ined
ca
n be
ex
pr
ess
ed
b
y:
1
=
1
1
1
,
=
−
1
(
2
(
+
)
+
(
+
)
+
2
)
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IS
S
N
:
2088
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8708
In
t
J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
9
:
46
37
-
4648
4644
2
=
−
(
2
(
+
)
+
(
+
)
+
2
)
(
2
(
+
+
)
(12)
As
il
lustrate
d
in
(
11),
a
nd
w
it
h
a
sm
al
l
ca
pacit
or
C
oa
1
,
the
pole
P
1
is
locat
e
d
at
hig
h
fr
e
que
ncy;
it
s
eff
ect
on
s
ta
bili
ty
is
neg
le
ct
ed.
The
dom
inant
po
le
at
the
EA
ou
t
put
is
the
on
ly
po
le
locat
ed
befor
e
the
U
GF
,
w
hich
ex
plains
it
s
influ
e
nce
on
the
open
lo
op
fr
e
qu
e
ncy
re
s
pons
e
.
D
ue
to
the
EA
a
rc
hitec
tur
e
dep
ic
te
d,
the
do
m
inant
pole
P
d
i
s
pu
s
hed
t
o
hi
gh
e
r
pa
rt
of
the
fr
e
qu
ency
axis
w
he
n
R
oa2
decr
eases.
On
the
c
ontra
r
y,
w
hen
g
mp
decr
e
ases
at
the
lo
w
load
cu
rrent,
the
disp
la
cem
e
nt
of
P
d
to
wards
the
le
ft
par
t
of
the
f
reque
ncy
axis
ca
us
ed
by
the
i
ncr
ease
of
r
p
rem
ai
ns
very
sm
a
ll
.
Fr
om
(12),
the
sta
bil
it
y
is
no
t
a
ff
ec
te
d
because
of
t
he
pr
ese
nce
of
th
e
PT
r
esi
stor
r
p
at
the
nu
m
erator
an
d
de
nom
inator,
the
locat
i
on
of
t
he
pole
P
2
at
high
fr
e
qu
e
nci
es stay
s n
ea
rly
the sam
e, r
ega
r
dless
of the l
oa
d
c
urren
t c
ondi
ti
on
s.
3.
SIMULATI
O
N RES
ULTS
3.1.
Open l
oop
fre
quenc
y
res
ponse
The
lo
op
-
gain
si
m
ulati
on
ha
s
bee
n
pe
rfo
rm
ed,
without
us
in
g
the
O
ff
-
chi
p
outp
ut
capaci
tor
.
The
pro
posed
LDO
is
sta
ble
with
a
good
ph
a
se
m
arg
in
of
ap
pro
xim
ately
74°
at
fu
ll
load
as
sho
w
n
in
Figure
6. The
s
i
m
ulati
on
of th
e
pro
posed
L
D
O was
perform
ed wit
h
S
pectr
e.
Figure
6. The
op
e
n
l
oop fr
e
quency
res
pons
e
of
propose
d
L
DO (
= 0
m
A/60m
A/10
0m
A)
3.2.
DC li
ne reg
ulat
i
on
The
dc
-
li
ne
r
egu
la
ti
on
is
one
of
the
im
p
or
ta
nt
cha
ract
erist
ic
s.
T
he
s
i
m
ulati
on
of
t
he
DC
li
ne
regulat
ion
at
f
ull
loa
d
c
urre
nt
is
s
how
n
i
n
Fi
gure
7
i
n
the
range
of
t
he
s
upply
volt
age
[1.8V;
2.5V
]
.
The variat
io
n o
f
the
D
C l
ine
re
gu
la
ti
on is m
easur
e
d
t
o be
93.17 uV/
V
at
I
L
oad
=
5
0
mA
.
Figure
7. DC
li
ne reg
ulati
on S
i
m
ulate
d
cha
nges
f
r
om
1
.2V
to 2.5 V
and
=
1
.
6 V at
f
ull l
oa
d
=
100
=
50
=
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
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C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
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88
-
8708
Full o
n
-
c
hi
p
lo
w dr
opout volt
ag
e
re
gu
l
ato
r
wi
th an
e
nhanc
ed
tr
an
sie
nt
…
(
Ha
ti
m
A
mezi
ane
)
4645
3.3.
DC lo
ad
re
gu
l
at
i
on
Figure
8
sho
w
s
the
sim
ulati
o
n
res
ult
of
dc
-
l
oad
re
gu
la
ti
on,
wh
e
n
I
L
oad
,
cha
nge
s
from
0A
to
50
m
A,
the v
a
riat
ions
of the
outp
ut volt
age e
qual
s 0.196 m
V.
Figure
8. Sim
ulati
on
of
DC lo
ad reg
ulati
on
wh
e
n
=1.8
V
a
nd
changes
f
rom
0
A
to
50 m
A
3.4.
Power
su
pply
rejectio
n
Power
sup
ply
rej
ect
io
n
is
the
abili
ty
of
t
he
vo
lt
age
re
gula
tor
to
s
uppress
the
outp
ut
no
is
e.
Fig
ure
9
sh
ows
the
sim
ulati
on
of
t
he
PSR
at
50
m
A
l
oad
cu
rr
e
nt.
T
he
value
of
-
72
dB
is
obta
ine
d
in
only
the
ra
ng
e
of
[0
-
55
Hz]
with
ou
t
us
in
g
the
F
DA
w
hile
with
the
pr
e
sent
of
the
FDA,
t
he
sam
e
PSR
of
72
dB
in
t
he
ra
ng
e
of
[0
-
30
0H
z]
.
At
1
MHz
the
P
SR
≈
0d
B
without
the
FDA
wh
il
e
the
PSR
achieves
ab
ou
t
6.
35d
B
with
us
in
g
the
FDA.
The
se
si
m
ulati
on
resu
lt
s
co
nf
ir
m
that
the
pr
opose
d
F
DA
in
the
Fu
ll
-
On
-
Chip
re
gu
la
to
r
ob
ta
in
s
perfect
im
pr
ove
m
ents.
Figure
9. PSR
Si
m
ulati
on
perform
ance f
or
= 50 m
A
w
hen
=1.8
V
a
nd
=1.6
V
3.5.
Li
ne t
r
ansi
ent
resp
on
se
Figure
10,
s
ho
ws
the
li
ne
tra
ns
ie
nt
res
ponse
of
the
pro
po
sed
L
D
O
f
or
s
upply
volt
age
changes
f
ro
m
1.8
to
2.2
V
w
it
h
a
m
axi
m
u
m
var
ia
ti
on
of
ou
t
pu
t
100.6
5
m
V
and
a
set
tl
ing
ti
m
e
of
Line
Re
gula
ti
on
(LN
R
)
equ
al
s
92
8.42n
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t
J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
2
01
9
:
46
37
-
4648
4646
Figure
10. Si
m
ul
at
ion
of li
ne
t
ran
sie
nt r
es
ponse
,
w
he
n
cha
nges
f
ro
m
1
.
8 V t
o 2.2
V
incl
ud
i
ng the
FDA
3.6.
Loa
d
t
r
an
sie
n
t
resp
on
se
To
co
nf
irm
the
above
analy
ses
of
the
pro
pos
ed
te
chn
i
qu
e
,
two
loa
d
transi
ent
si
m
ulati
on
s
are
sh
ow
n
in
Fig
ure
11.
Wh
e
n
l
oa
d
c
urre
nt
is
s
witc
hi
ng
betwe
en
0
m
A
and
50m
A
with
500
n
s
rise/
fall
ti
m
e
,
the
m
axi
m
u
m
var
ia
ti
on
s
(
unde
rs
hoot
an
d
over
s
hoot)
with
pro
po
s
ed
te
ch
niqu
e
are
189.2
2
m
V
and
179.7
1
m
V,
resp
ect
ively
w
it
h
a
m
axi
m
u
m
Load
regul
at
ion
(
LOR
)
s
et
tl
ing
tim
e
of
883.7
9
ns,
without
FDA
bl
ock
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
var
ia
ti
on
(
unde
rs
hoot
and
ov
ers
hoot
)
up
t
o
33
1.51
m
V
and
268.7
1m
V,
resp
ect
i
vely
wh
ic
h
m
e
ans
that
bo
t
h
the
un
dershoot a
nd
ov
e
r
sh
oot a
re s
i
gn
i
ficantl
y re
du
ce
d.
(a)
(b)
Figure
11. L
oa
d
tra
ns
ie
nt,
wh
en
cha
ng
e
s fr
om
0
m
A
to 50 m
A
(a)
With
ou
t
fas
t detec
tor
am
pl
ifie
r,
(b) wit
h
t
he fast
d
et
ect
or am
plifie
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.