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I
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s
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Me
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I
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[
1
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A
la
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u
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ted
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s
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h
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er
[
2
]
.
Sp
ac
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s
)
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m
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w
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ca
l
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w
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k
s
[
3
]
,
an
d
it
‟
s
al
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tr
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it
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at
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On
t
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t
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Or
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m
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latio
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tech
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ce
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w
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ed
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w
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ap
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licatio
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[
5
]
,
it
also
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n
attr
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r
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elate
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f
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an
n
el
s
[
6
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.
In
th
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s
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tex
t,
th
e
ST
B
C
-
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s
y
s
te
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m
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y
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te
m
s
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T
h
e
co
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FDM
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a
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ce
in
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L
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P
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C
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Galla
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1
9
6
2
[
8
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,
[
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O
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o
r
e
co
n
clu
d
i
n
g
,
s
ec
tio
n
6
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
L
DP
C
+3
/4
-
r
ated
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
e
n
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
ch
e
m
e
s
in
A
W
GN
a
n
d
f
ad
in
g
(
R
a
y
lei
g
h
an
d
r
ician
)
c
h
an
n
el
s
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
A
b
r
ie
f
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
liter
at
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
r
elev
a
n
t
to
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
T
o
en
h
a
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
M.
Y.
A
lia
s
et
al.
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
ca
ten
ated
L
DP
C
an
d
T
u
r
b
o
co
d
in
g
a
s
s
i
s
te
d
s
p
ac
e
-
ti
m
e
b
lo
c
k
co
d
ed
w
ir
ele
s
s
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
J
.
Ha
et
al.
[
1
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
L
DP
C
co
d
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
A
la
m
o
u
ti
-
OFDM
s
c
h
e
m
e
an
d
s
in
g
u
lar
-
v
al
u
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
SVD)
-
OF
DM
s
c
h
e
m
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
lo
w
B
E
R
at
a
h
i
g
h
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
lo
w
SN
R
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
.
J
.
W
u
an
d
H
-
N
L
ee
[
1
2
]
h
av
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
a
t
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
L
DP
C
co
d
ed
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
in
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
m
u
l
tip
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t (
MI
MO
)
m
u
ltip
le
-
ac
c
ess
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
co
n
ca
ten
a
ted
L
DP
C
en
co
d
ed
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
b
y
D.
Haq
u
e
et
al.
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
a
l
ST
T
C
,
L
DP
C
-
b
ased
ST
T
C
ca
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
y
e
f
f
icie
n
tl
y
e
x
p
lo
itin
g
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
p
a
tial
d
iv
er
s
it
y
a
n
d
s
elec
ti
v
e
-
f
ad
i
n
g
d
iv
er
s
it
y
in
w
ir
ele
s
s
c
h
an
n
els.
T
h
e
y
al
s
o
s
h
o
w
n
th
at
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
th
e
r
ec
en
tl
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tu
r
b
o
-
co
d
e
-
b
ased
ST
C
s
ch
e
m
e,
an
d
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
is
v
er
y
m
u
c
h
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
n
p
r
o
p
er
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
a
n
d
r
etr
iev
al
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itted
co
lo
r
i
m
ag
e
i
n
n
o
i
s
y
a
n
d
f
ad
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
M
.
M.
Ho
s
s
ain
et
al.
[
1
5
]
also
s
tu
d
ied
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
L
DP
C
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
n
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ig
ital
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
o
v
er
an
A
W
GN
an
d
o
th
er
f
ad
i
n
g
ch
a
n
n
els
an
d
th
e
y
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
Q
A
M
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
i
s
h
i
g
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
to
co
m
b
a
t
i
n
h
er
en
t
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
to
r
etr
iev
e
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
lack
a
n
d
w
h
ite
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
p
er
l
y
u
n
d
er
n
o
is
y
a
n
d
f
ad
in
g
s
it
u
atio
n
s
.
3.
L
DP
C
CO
DE
L
o
w
d
en
s
i
t
y
P
ar
it
y
c
h
ec
k
(
L
DP
C
)
co
d
es,
also
k
n
o
w
n
asG
allag
er
co
d
es
ar
e
a
ty
p
e
o
f
li
n
ea
r
b
lo
ck
co
d
es,
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Gallag
er
[
1
]
an
d
w
er
e
s
ca
r
ce
l
y
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
th
r
ee
d
ec
ad
es
th
at
f
o
llo
w
ed
d
u
e
to
its
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
li
m
i
ted
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ab
il
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
at
t
h
at
ti
m
e
[
1
6
]
.
L
DP
C
u
s
e
in
co
n
ca
te
n
ated
ch
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
co
n
s
id
e
r
ab
le
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
w
it
h
less
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
th
a
n
a
s
i
n
g
le
co
d
e.
A
(
n
,
k
)
L
DP
C
en
co
d
er
o
p
er
ateso
n
an
m
×
n
s
ized
H
m
atr
i
x
w
h
er
e
m
=
n
-
k
.
I
t
i
s
lo
w
d
en
s
it
y
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
1
s
i
n
ea
c
h
r
o
w
wr
is
«
m
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
1
s
in
ea
c
h
co
lu
m
n
wc
is
«
n
.
A
L
DP
C
is
r
eg
u
lar
if
w
c
is
co
n
s
ta
n
t
f
o
r
ev
er
y
co
l
u
m
n
a
n
d
w
r
=
w
c
(
n
/
m
)
i
s
als
o
co
n
s
tan
t
f
o
r
ev
er
y
r
o
w
.
Ot
h
er
w
is
e
i
t
is
ir
r
eg
u
la
r
.
I
n
L
DP
C
en
co
d
in
g
,
t
h
e
c
o
d
e
w
o
r
d
(
c0
,
c1
,
c
2
,
c3
,
…,
cn
)
co
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
es
s
ag
e
b
it
s
(
m
0
,
m
1
,
m
2
,
.
.
.
,
m
k
)
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
p
ar
it
y
c
h
ec
k
b
i
ts
an
d
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
H
m
atr
i
x
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
en
er
ate
p
ar
it
y
c
h
ec
k
b
its
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tan
n
er
g
r
ap
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
a
r
it
y
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
H
f
o
r
a
(
8
,
4
)
c
o
d
e.
(
1
)
T
h
e
s
p
ar
s
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
is
b
est
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
b
ip
ar
tite
g
r
ap
h
s
k
n
o
w
a
s
T
an
n
er
g
r
ap
h
s
.
E
ac
h
r
o
w
o
f
th
e
p
ar
it
y
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
n
o
d
e
an
d
ea
c
h
co
lu
m
n
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
1
s
in
ea
ch
r
o
w
o
r
co
lu
m
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
it
y
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
le
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
s
et
o
f
b
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
6
2
2
–
6
3
0
624
n
o
d
es
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e
m
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
N(
m
)
={
n
|
h
m
n
=1
}
an
d
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
es
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
to
b
it
n
o
d
e
n
is
b
y
M(
m
)
={
m
|
h
m
n
=1
}
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
tan
n
er
g
r
ap
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
ar
i
t
y
ch
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
H
f
o
r
a
(
8
,
4
)
c
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
an
n
er
g
r
ap
h
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
ar
it
y
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
H
f
o
r
a
(
8
,
4
)
c
o
d
e
T
h
e
g
en
er
ato
r
m
atr
ix
G
is
f
o
u
n
d
f
r
o
m
H
b
y
Ga
u
s
s
ia
n
eli
m
i
n
atio
n
.
I
f
H
is
p
u
t in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
:
H
=
[
PT
: I
]
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
m
atr
i
x
w
i
ll
b
ec
o
m
e
G
=
[
I
:
P
]
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
e
n
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
o
f
s
y
s
t
e
m
atic
lin
ea
r
b
lo
ck
co
d
es c
an
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
as :
c
=
xG
= [
x
:
xP
]
(
2
)
an
d
cH
T
=
0
(
3
)
I
f
c
is
a
v
a
lid
co
d
e
w
o
r
d
an
d
x
is
a
m
es
s
ag
e
w
o
r
d
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
o
d
e
L
DP
C
co
d
es
d
ef
in
ed
to
d
ate
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
o
n
es
ar
e
m
ess
a
g
e
p
ass
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
b
elief
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
s
u
m
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
al
g
o
r
ith
m
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
s
u
m
-
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
d
ec
o
d
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
a
s
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
[
1
9
]
.
4.
M
AXI
M
AL
RATI
O
CO
M
B
I
NIN
G
(
M
RC)
RE
CE
I
V
E
R
WI
T
H
L
DP
C
CO
DI
NG
T
h
e
Ma
x
i
m
al
R
a
tio
C
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
(
MRC
)
is
a
r
ec
eiv
er
d
iv
er
s
it
y
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
a
t
r
ec
eiv
er
en
d
w
h
ic
h
h
elp
s
i
n
esti
m
ati
n
g
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
it
an
te
n
n
a
s
elec
tio
n
.
MRC
al
s
o
h
elp
s
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
t
o
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
at
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
er
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
class
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
d
iv
er
s
it
y
in
v
o
l
v
es
m
u
ltip
le
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t t
h
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r
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eiv
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m
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r
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y
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et
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m
e
s
s
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s
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i
tted
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m
k
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ac
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er
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ate
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itted
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i
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F
ig
u
r
e
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Fig
u
r
e
2
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Ma
x
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l r
atio
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m
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r
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ith
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DP
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e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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lec
&
C
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m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
P
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ma
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ten
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625
5.
CH
ANNE
L
M
O
DE
L
I
n
g
e
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al,
t
h
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p
o
w
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ile
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tain
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ile
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s
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tted
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ig
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al
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it
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th
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i
m
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ls
e
r
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o
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e
o
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th
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h
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n
el.
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o
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o
l
u
tio
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ti
m
e
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m
a
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is
eq
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iv
ale
n
t
to
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u
ltip
licatio
n
i
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h
e
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r
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e
n
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y
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o
m
ai
n
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T
h
er
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o
r
e,
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e
tr
an
s
m
itted
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g
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al
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e
r
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eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
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ec
to
r
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
4
)
w
h
er
e
„
y
‟
is
r
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ei
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ed
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ig
n
al
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ec
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x
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s
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atr
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„
n
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s
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o
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e
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ec
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.
5
.
1
.
Ra
y
leig
h Cha
nn
el
M
o
del
T
h
e
R
a
y
lei
g
h
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
h
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p
r
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a
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ilit
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en
s
i
t
y
f
u
n
ct
io
n
(
P
DF)
g
i
v
en
b
y
:
(
)
,
0
(
5
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w
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er
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s
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en
v
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a
s
a
m
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ic
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ie
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Ω
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u
ltip
licatio
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ase
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m
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6)
w
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.
2
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Ricia
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nn
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M
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I
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s
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th
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h
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lex
Gau
s
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is
R
ice
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e
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o
llo
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s
t
h
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R
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d
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tio
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ch
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at
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2
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m
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g
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m
ed
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d
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ca
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b
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itte
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as:
(
)
(
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(
)
0
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m
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if
ied
B
ess
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f
u
n
ctio
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h
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t
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6.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
Fig
u
r
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3
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ar
c
h
itect
u
r
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
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u
r
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c
h
an
n
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ed
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te
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th
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en
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f
M
R
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ch
an
n
el
eq
u
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s
ch
e
m
e
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o
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tex
t
m
ess
a
g
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
a
A
t
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
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w
e
h
a
v
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ta
k
e
as
a
n
i
n
p
u
t
t
h
e
m
es
s
ag
e
te
x
t:
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I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
v
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y
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
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ec
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in
m
o
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er
n
w
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r
ld
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I
t
is
a
co
m
p
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ter
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ased
ed
u
ca
tio
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.
”
T
h
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tex
t
m
es
s
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g
e
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
b
in
ar
y
d
ata
o
f
len
g
t
h
6
9
6
b
its
.
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h
e
b
in
ar
y
b
it
s
ar
e
en
co
d
ed
at
th
e
L
DP
C
en
co
d
er
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
w
e
h
a
v
e
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s
ed
th
e
1
/2
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r
ated
ir
r
e
g
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l
ar
L
DP
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m
atr
ix
o
f
s
ize
6
9
6
×1
3
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2
.
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h
u
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
L
DP
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e
n
co
d
er
is
1
3
9
2
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ic
h
ar
e
th
e
n
p
ass
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h
r
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u
g
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iz
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r
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ts
er
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r
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d
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u
b
s
eq
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en
t
l
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ap
p
lied
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h
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/4
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ated
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en
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d
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r
w
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h
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s
tr
ai
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t
le
n
g
th
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f
7
an
d
m
o
d
u
la
ted
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ig
itall
y
b
y
b
i
n
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p
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ase
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
i
n
g
(
B
P
SK)
,
q
u
ad
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atu
r
e
p
h
ase
s
h
i
f
t
k
e
y
in
g
(
QP
SK)
,
q
u
ad
r
atu
r
e
a
m
p
lit
u
te
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
Q
A
M)
at
t
h
e
m
o
d
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
ar
e
th
e
n
p
as
s
ed
t
h
r
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u
g
h
A
la
m
o
u
ti
ST
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C
en
co
d
er
to
en
co
d
e
th
e
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it
s
tr
ea
m
s
i
n
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
v
a
lu
e
s
ar
e
m
u
lt
ip
lex
ed
to
th
e
t
w
o
an
ten
n
a
s
an
d
w
h
ich
ar
e
co
n
v
e
r
ted
f
r
o
m
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er
ial
i
n
to
p
ar
allel
in
ea
ch
p
at
h
in
d
ep
en
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e
n
tl
y
.
T
o
m
iti
g
ate
t
h
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ef
f
ec
t
s
o
f
i
n
ter
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
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n
ter
f
er
e
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ce
(
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SI)
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
c
h
a
n
n
el
ti
m
e
s
p
r
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d
,
ea
ch
b
lo
ck
o
f
I
F
FT
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
is
t
y
p
ica
ll
y
p
r
ec
ed
ed
b
y
a
c
y
cle
p
r
ef
i
x
.
Af
t
er
cy
c
le
p
r
ef
i
x
in
g
t
h
ese
d
ata
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
s
er
ial
f
o
r
m
u
s
i
n
g
p
ar
allel
to
-
s
er
ia
l
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
it
ted
o
v
er
th
e
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
co
n
ca
ten
ated
ST
B
C
-
L
DP
C
e
n
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
6
2
2
–
6
3
0
626
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
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ata
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tr
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m
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ar
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th
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n
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as
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ed
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u
g
h
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ti
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e
n
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er
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o
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e
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it
s
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s
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to
t
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ts
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e
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y
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b
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l
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al
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e
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ar
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m
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ip
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ed
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t
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o
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n
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w
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ar
e
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n
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ted
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r
o
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ial
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n
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ath
in
d
ep
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n
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y
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g
ate
th
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e
f
f
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ts
o
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i
n
ter
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m
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o
l
I
n
ter
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er
en
ce
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s
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b
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h
an
n
el
ti
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e
s
p
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ch
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ts
i
s
t
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ll
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ed
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y
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c
y
cle
p
r
ef
i
x
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f
ter
c
y
cle
p
r
ef
i
x
in
g
t
h
ese
d
ata
ar
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
s
er
ial
f
o
r
m
u
s
i
n
g
p
ar
allel
to
-
s
er
ial
co
n
v
er
ter
an
d
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
o
v
er
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el.
T
h
e
F
ig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
B
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
co
n
ca
t
en
ated
ST
B
C
-
L
DP
C
en
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
a
c
o
n
ca
ten
ated
ST
B
C
-
L
DP
C
en
c
o
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
I
n
th
e
OFDM
b
lo
ck
i
n
s
ta
n
t
2
i
,
an
d
ar
e
m
ap
p
ed
to
th
e
k
-
t
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
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e
tr
an
s
m
itt
e
d
f
r
o
m
an
ten
n
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1
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d
2
.
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t
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th
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lo
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s
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i
1
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d
ar
e
m
ap
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ed
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h
e
k
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th
s
u
b
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r
r
ier
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an
s
m
itted
f
r
o
m
an
te
n
n
a
1
an
d
2
.
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h
e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
ST
B
C
-
OFDM
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y
m
b
o
ls
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e
g
iv
e
n
b
y
:
A
t
t
h
e
r
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n
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
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m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
s
C
o
n
ca
ten
a
ted
L
DP
C
b
a
s
ed
S
TBC
-
OF
DM S
yst
em
a
n
d
MRC R
ec
eive
r
s
(
N
ejw
a
E
l Ma
a
mma
r
)
627
p
er
io
d
2
i
an
d
2
i
1
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
ar
e
th
e
n
f
ed
to
th
e
A
la
m
o
u
ti
ST
B
C
d
ec
o
d
e
r
w
h
ic
h
a
p
p
ly
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
atio
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
(
MR
C
)
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
e
s
t
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
I
n
MR
C
,
s
i
g
n
al
s
f
r
o
m
all
p
ath
s
ar
e
co
p
h
ased
an
d
s
u
m
m
ed
w
it
h
o
p
ti
m
al
w
e
ig
h
tin
g
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
co
m
b
i
n
er
o
u
tp
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
o
f
th
e
ST
B
C
d
ec
o
d
er
ar
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
d
e
m
ap
p
ed
,
co
n
v
o
lu
t
i
o
n
all
y
d
ec
o
d
ed
,
d
ein
ter
leav
ed
an
d
th
e
n
f
ed
to
t
h
e
L
DP
C
d
ec
o
d
er
to
r
etr
iev
e
b
its
u
s
i
n
g
an
iter
ati
v
e
s
u
m
-
p
r
o
d
u
ct
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
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a
ll
y
th
e
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DP
C
d
ec
o
d
ed
b
in
ar
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b
it
s
tr
ea
m
i
s
co
n
v
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ted
in
to
tex
t
m
ess
a
g
e.
7
.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
S
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
er
f
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ed
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n
M
A
T
L
A
B
ac
co
r
d
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g
to
t
h
e
ab
o
v
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d
escr
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ed
s
y
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te
m
to
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alu
a
te
t
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e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
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th
e
co
n
ca
te
n
ated
L
DP
C
e
n
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
t
e
m
u
n
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er
d
if
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t
m
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h
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m
e
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o
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te
x
t
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ess
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g
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tr
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s
m
i
s
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io
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m
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latio
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ar
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m
eter
s
ar
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lis
ted
i
n
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ab
le
1
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T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
P
ar
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ter
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S
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k
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D
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c
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6
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6
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3
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o
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mb
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mat
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h
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Fig
u
r
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4
s
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o
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ce
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m
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ar
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n
o
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n
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L
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co
d
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n
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h
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ti
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o
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AW
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ig
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s
s
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t
w
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if
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er
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is
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atio
(
E
b
/
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f
4
d
b
,
th
e
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E
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es
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f
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w
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th
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n
d
w
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h
o
u
t
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d
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g
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d
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tiv
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s
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etter
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Fig
u
r
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5
s
h
o
w
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th
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DP
C
en
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ed
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s
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te
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W
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ch
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n
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r
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r
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ati
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er
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d
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d
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4
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icate
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.
Fig
u
r
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4
.
B
E
R
o
f
OFDM
s
i
g
n
al
w
it
h
a
n
d
w
i
th
o
u
t
L
DP
C
C
o
d
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
201
8
:
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2
2
–
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3
0
628
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
E
R
o
f
L
DP
C
en
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
A
W
GN
ch
an
n
el
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
3
/4
-
r
ated
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
a
n
d
L
DP
C
en
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
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te
m
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u
tp
er
f
o
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m
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at
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P
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m
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latio
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n
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er
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m
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ce
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th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
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n
t
h
e
A
W
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h
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n
n
el.
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r
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t
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e
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er
g
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er
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o
f
1
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,
t
h
e
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E
R
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lu
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s
o
f
B
P
SK
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d
QP
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e
0
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0
0
5
6
an
d
0
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0
0
7
8
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tiv
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h
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m
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lie
s
t
h
at
th
e
s
y
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te
m
p
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f
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r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
B
P
SK
m
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d
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ab
o
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t 2
.
0
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d
B
b
etter
th
an
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
with
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
at
t
h
e
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E
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p
er
f
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m
a
n
ce
o
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ated
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te
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er
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d
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d
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f
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P
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o
d
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la
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p
ar
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w
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th
QP
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w
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er
e
t
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e
B
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n
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e
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8
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
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R
o
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DP
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+3
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ated
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n
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n
al
en
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d
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y
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te
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n
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er
d
if
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n
t
m
o
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ch
e
m
e
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n
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l
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
L
DP
C
+3
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r
ated
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n
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n
al
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n
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d
ed
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s
y
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te
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u
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er
d
if
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t
m
o
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h
e
m
es
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y
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ig
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n
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el
s
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er
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o
r
m
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ce
o
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h
e
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3
/4
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ated
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n
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s
y
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te
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r
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g
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r
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at
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SK
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o
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n
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d
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
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f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
in
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
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f
ad
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e
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f
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PS
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[1
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I
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[1
6
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W
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