Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
8, N
o
. 4
,
A
ugu
st
2018
, pp
. 25
03
~
2
511
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
,
D
O
I
:
10.115
91
/ij
ece.v8
i
4.p
p25
03-
251
1
2
503
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesco
re.com/jo
urn
a
l
s/ind
ex.php
/IJECE
Web based Water Turbidity
Monitoring and Automated
Filtration System: IoT App
lication in Water Management
S.
No
orj
a
n
n
a
h
Ibr
a
him,
A
.
L. As
naw
i
,
N.
Abd
u
l M
a
lik,
N.
F.
M
o
hd
A
z
min, A. Z
.
J
u
soh,
F. N. Mohd
Is
a
Departm
e
nt o
f
E
l
ec
tric
al
and Co
m
puter Engin
eer
ing, In
tern
ation
a
l Islam
i
c
Univer
sit
y
Mal
a
y
s
ia,
M
a
la
ysi
a
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Ja
n 30, 2018
Rev
i
sed
Mar
10
, 20
18
Accepted
Mar 18, 2018
Water supplied
to residen
tial ar
eas is
prone to
contaminan
ts d
u
e to p
i
pe
residues and silt, and ther
efore
resulted
in
cloudin
e
ss, unfavorab
le taste, an
d
odor in water.
Turbidity
,
a measure
of water cloudin
e
ss, is o
n
e of the
important f
acto
r
s for assessing
water qu
ality
. This paper
proposes a
low-cost
turbidity
s
y
stem
based on a light dete
ction un
it to measure the cloudiness in
water.
Th
e au
to
m
a
ted s
y
s
t
em
us
es
Intel
Gal
ileo
2 as
the
m
i
cropr
oces
s
o
r and
a
server for a web-based monitoring s
y
stem. The turbidity
d
e
tection un
it
consists of a Light Dependent
Resi
stor (LDR) and a Light Em
itting Diode
(LED) inside a poly
v
in
y
l
chlo
ride (PVC) pip
e
.
Turbidity
readings were
recorded fo
r tw
o differen
t
positionings
; 90° an
d 180° between
the detector
(LDR) and the incid
e
nt light
(LED).
Onc
e
th
e turbidi
t
y
l
e
ve
l rea
c
hed
a
threshold l
e
vel
,
the s
y
s
t
em
wil
l
trig
g
e
r th
e fil
t
r
ation pro
ces
s
t
o
cle
a
n th
e
water. Th
e voltage output captured fro
m the designed s
y
stem versus total
suspended solid (TSS) in sa
m
p
le wate
r is graphed and analyzed in tw
o
differen
t
cond
itions; in total d
a
r
kness and in th
e present of am
bient
light.
This paper also discusses and compar
es the results from the above-mentioned
conditions when
the s
y
s
t
em is submerge
d in still and flowing w
a
ter
.
It was
found that the tr
ends of the plotted graph decline when the total
suspended
solid incr
eased
f
o
r both 90°
and
180° dete
ctor
tu
rbidimeter
in
all conditions
which im
ita
te
t
h
e trends of
a
com
m
e
rcial
tu
rbidim
eter
. B
y
taking
the
consideration of
the abov
e find
ings, the design
can b
e
r
ecommended for
a
low-cost real-
t
ime web-based
monitori
ng s
y
ste
m
of the water qualit
y in a
n
IOT environmen
t.
Keyword:
Au
t
o
m
a
ted
water filtration
IoT
Tu
rb
id
im
eter
Tu
rb
id
ity sen
s
o
r
Web
ba
sed
m
oni
t
o
ri
ng
Copyright ©
201
8 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
S. No
or
ja
n
n
ah
Ib
rahim
,
Depa
rt
m
e
nt
of
El
ect
ri
cal
and
C
o
m
put
er E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
In
tern
ation
a
l Isla
m
i
c Un
iv
ersity Malaysia, M
a
laysia.
Em
a
il:
1.
INTRODUCTION
Wat
e
r i
s
essen
t
i
a
l
for al
l
l
i
v
ing t
h
i
n
g
s
an
d can be c
onsi
d
e
r
ed as o
n
e
of t
h
e basi
c nee
d
s
for
hum
an
bei
n
g.
Wat
e
r c
o
m
p
ri
ses fr
om
75%
b
ody
we
i
ght
i
n
i
n
fant
s
t
o
5
5
% i
n
el
de
rl
y
and i
s
esse
nt
i
a
l
for
reg
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
cellu
lar h
o
m
eo
stasis o
f
h
u
man
b
i
o
l
og
y [1
].
W
a
ter qu
ality
stan
d
a
rd
s
d
e
scri
b
e
d
th
e
p
a
ram
e
ters set
wh
ich
i
ndi
cat
es w
h
et
her t
h
e
wat
e
r i
s
safe f
o
r
h
u
m
a
n co
ns
um
p
tions. T
h
e standa
rds are im
porta
nt beca
use the
y
affect
major environmental, social
an
d econo
m
i
c
v
a
lu
es of
so
ciety an
d
if
water supp
lied
to u
s
is
no
t up
to
the
stip
u
l
ated
stand
a
rd
s, it
m
ean
s th
e water is h
a
rm
fu
l to
h
u
man
b
e
in
g. In
Malaysia, th
e
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
water q
u
a
lity
stan
d
a
r
d
is con
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
to
Natio
n
a
l Stand
a
r
d
for
D
r
i
n
k
i
ng
W
a
ter
Q
u
ali
t
y (
S
eco
nd
V
e
r
s
ion
,
Jan
u
a
r
y
2
004)
i
ssued
by
t
h
e E
ngi
neeri
n
g
Ser
v
i
ces Di
vi
si
o
n
,
M
i
ni
st
ry
o
f
H
eal
t
h
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
whi
c
h
was a
d
o
p
t
e
d
fr
om
t
h
e Wo
rl
d
Health
Org
a
n
i
zatio
n
(WHO) gu
id
elin
es
fo
r
drin
k
i
ng
water
qu
ality
[2
].
Nowa
days, we
can get
clea
n water
st
raight
from
facets at hom
e, de
live
r
e
d
from
a water treatm
e
nt
pl
ant
t
o
o
u
r h
o
m
es, vi
a wat
e
r di
st
ri
but
i
o
n s
y
st
em
s. Al
ong
t
h
e di
st
ri
but
i
o
ns pi
pe
ho
we
v
e
r, wat
e
r c
oul
d
cat
ch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
n
t J Elec & C
o
m
p
Eng
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Aug
u
st 20
18
:
250
3 –
25
11
2
504
u
n
wan
t
ed
su
bstan
ces e.g. ru
st
an
d
m
e
tals from th
e wall o
f
o
l
d
d
i
stribu
tion
p
i
p
e
s, silt and
m
u
d
fro
m
d
a
mag
e
d
pi
pes a
nd
sedi
m
e
nt
s du
ri
n
g
p
i
pes re
pai
r
i
n
g
pr
ocess et
c [
1
]
.
Us
ual
l
y
, t
h
e cl
ean wat
e
r i
s
st
ore
d
i
n
t
a
n
k
s
bef
o
r
e
co
nsu
m
p
tio
n
s
wh
ich
in
crease th
e po
ssi
b
iliti
es o
f
unwan
te
d sub
s
tan
ces
accu
m
u
late in
th
e tan
k
. Th
e con
d
ition
will en
co
urag
e b
i
ofilm
, b
acteria,
fung
i
and
v
i
ru
ses t
o
b
u
i
l
d
u
p
in th
e water tank
s and
deg
r
ad
e t
h
e
qu
ality o
f
wat
e
r t
h
at
was
ori
g
i
n
al
l
y
saf
e
f
o
r c
o
nsum
p
t
i
on.
De
gra
d
e
and
co
nt
am
i
n
at
e wat
e
r
us
ual
l
y
has o
n
e
o
f
t
h
ese
sym
p
t
o
m
s
;
bad
o
d
o
r
,
ba
d t
a
st
e, cl
o
udy
l
o
ok
due
t
o
sedi
m
e
nt
s. Al
t
h
o
u
g
h
,
i
t
i
s
enc
o
ura
g
e
d
t
h
at
co
ns
um
ers d
o
a
peri
odi
c c
h
eck
s of
hom
e i
n
t
e
rnal
pl
um
bi
ng sy
st
em
and st
ora
g
e t
a
n
k
s
but
t
h
i
s
t
a
s
k
s
are ve
ry
t
e
di
o
u
s an
d
som
e
tim
e
s dangerous.
Turbidity is the
m
easure of wate
r visi
bility at which the a
m
ount of
light level that can pass through
th
e water. Turb
id
ity
m
easu
r
es th
e To
tal Su
sp
end
e
d
So
li
d
(
T
SS) in
water.
Nep
h
elom
etry refers t
o
the p
r
oces
s
of ai
m
i
ng a
be
am
of l
i
g
ht
at
a sam
p
l
e
of l
i
qui
d a
n
d
m
easuri
ng t
h
e i
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
of l
i
g
ht
sc
at
t
e
red at
90
°
t
o
t
h
e
beam
[8]
.
Thi
s
m
e
t
hod
o
f
m
easuri
n
g t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
i
s
rec
o
g
n
i
zed
by
E
nvi
ro
nm
ent
a
l
Prot
ect
i
on
Age
n
cy
(EP
A
)
cal
l
e
d M
e
t
h
o
d
18
0.
1.
A
not
h
e
r m
e
t
hod cal
l
e
d t
h
e at
t
e
n
u
at
i
on m
e
t
hod m
easure
s
t
h
e l
o
s
s
of l
i
g
ht
bet
w
een a
l
i
ght
s
o
u
r
ce a
n
d
det
ect
or
di
rect
l
y
acros
s f
r
om
i
t
at
18
0°
[
10]
.
I
n
deve
l
opi
n
g
t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
sens
or
, t
h
e
s
e t
w
o
m
e
t
hods
are
o
f
t
e
n co
nsi
d
ere
d
.
Th
ere are m
a
n
y
filtratio
n
syste
m
s u
s
ed
to elimin
at
e u
n
wan
t
ed
sub
s
tan
ces.
Th
e co
mm
o
n
meth
o
d
is t
o
place filtration bottles or c
o
lum
n
s at water i
n
let or at
the faucet for drinking. The c
o
m
position
of
water filter
co
nsists of lay
e
rs
o
f
sand and
g
r
av
el
g
r
ad
ed
to en
su
re
effectiv
e filtratio
n
.
When
water flows t
h
rou
gh th
is
filter,
p
a
rticles th
at are
rem
o
v
e
d b
y
th
e
san
d
clog
t
h
e surface and
red
u
ce th
e
flow
rate o
f
water
filtered
.
Filtratio
n
system n
eed
s m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e su
ch
as b
ackwash
ing
wh
ere th
e
water filter is cleaned
using
water
th
at is
flowed
b
ack
to th
e filter itself
.
Th
e techn
i
que co
n
s
ists of
rev
e
rsi
n
g
th
e
flow of water so
th
at it en
ters from th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
t
h
e
filter b
e
d
,
lifts and
ri
n
s
es th
e b
e
d
,
th
en
ex
its th
rou
g
h
th
e to
p of th
e
filter tan
k
[1
]. Filters are
u
s
ually
m
a
d
e
o
f
m
a
terials s
u
ch
as
g
r
anu
l
ar carb
o
n
,
sand
,
g
a
rn
et, an
t
h
racite, zeo
lite, g
r
an
u
l
ar m
a
n
g
a
n
e
se
dioxide,
and greensa
nd.
Th
e m
o
tiv
atio
n
b
e
h
i
nd
th
is
proj
ect is to
create a water tu
rb
id
ity sen
s
ing
syste
m
th
at ca
n
m
o
n
ito
r the
turbidity condi
tion a
n
d a
u
tomatical
ly f
ilter
the
water onc
e
a threshol
d l
e
vel is
reache
d
.
In
othe
r
words, t
h
e
syste
m
m
u
st
h
a
v
e
an
in
teg
r
at
ed
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
wh
ere th
e con
d
ition
of th
e water is
mo
n
itored
p
e
riod
ically
to
en
su
re th
e
qu
ality o
f
water
is in
ch
eck. Furth
e
rm
o
r
e, the in
teg
r
ated
m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
co
u
l
d
allo
w
u
s
ers t
o
ch
eck water con
d
ition
s
easily
th
ro
ugh
th
e in
t
e
rn
et.
Cu
rren
t trend
s
in
water
qu
ality
m
o
n
ito
rin
g
syste
m
are fo
cused
on
con
tin
uou
s sen
s
i
n
g, m
u
ltip
le
sen
s
o
r
s, au
t
o
mated
con
t
ro
l an
d
wireless
d
a
ta acq
u
i
sitio
n
mech
an
ism
.
Fo
r i
n
stan
ce, wo
rk
d
o
n
e
b
y
[2
] u
s
es
u
ltrason
ic and water sen
s
ors wh
ere th
e syste
m
tran
s
m
its
d
a
ta b
y
in
tegratin
g
a
wireless g
a
teway wi
th
in
a
co
nsu
m
er
n
e
t
w
or
k.
I
n
[2
],
an
A
T
m
e
g
a
3
2
8
P
con
t
ro
ller
b
o
a
rd
is
u
s
ed
to
su
b
m
it d
a
ta to
a
d
e
d
i
cated
cl
oud
serve
r
. T
h
e se
rve
r
hosts
data analytics tha
t
m
a
nage
th
e en
tire water m
o
n
ito
rin
g
sy
ste
m
,
wh
ich
mean
s
it
co
llects th
e
water m
o
n
ito
ring
d
a
ta, st
o
r
es th
e d
a
ta in th
e
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
for an
alyzin
g
and
th
en
relayin
g
d
a
ta t
o
th
e
web-b
a
sed
d
a
sh
bo
ard.Clearly, it is essen
tial
to
h
a
v
e
re
liab
l
e in
tern
et
work
i
n
g
b
e
tween
th
e
m
i
cro
c
on
tro
l
l
e
r and
serv
er t
o
estab
l
ish
g
ood
wireless d
a
ta acqu
isitio
n
sy
stem
for a
n
y
wireless
water m
onito
ring
sy
stem
.
A real-tim
e wireless sy
stem
for m
onitori
n
g
wa
t
e
r
usi
n
g
Zi
gB
ee 8
0
2
.
1
5
.
4 wa
s al
so st
udi
e
d
. T
h
e
sy
st
em
i
n
[3]
consi
s
t
s
o
f
m
u
lt
i
p
l
e
senso
r
s an
d wi
rel
e
s
s
com
m
uni
cat
ions
net
w
or
k c
o
m
p
ri
ses of Z
i
gB
ee
80
2.
1
5
.
4
,
74
H
C
14 i
n
ve
rt
er a
nd
Gl
o
b
al
St
an
dar
d
f
o
r M
obi
l
e
C
o
m
m
uni
cati
on (
G
SM
) t
echn
o
l
o
gy
. T
h
e s
y
st
e
m
can
m
o
n
ito
r
q
u
ality o
f
water
b
y
u
tilizin
g
water lev
e
l sen
s
or, tu
rb
id
ity sen
s
o
r
, tem
p
reratu
re sen
s
o
r
, pH sen
s
or
and
di
ssol
v
e
d
oxy
gen se
ns
or
.
In t
e
rm
s of m
i
croc
ont
r
o
l
l
e
r i
n
p
u
t
an
d o
u
t
p
ut
com
m
uni
cati
ons
, t
h
i
s
sy
st
em
i
s
m
o
re com
p
lica
t
ed tha
n
i
n
[2]
beca
use
of the algo
rith
m
s
an
d analytics do
n
e
in order t
o
m
o
n
ito
rs t
h
e
o
v
e
rall
q
u
a
lity water
p
a
ram
e
ters which
in
clud
es,
water lev
e
l, te
m
p
eratu
r
e and p
H
of th
e
water. Th
e system sto
r
es
acqui
red i
n
formation in a database and t
h
is info
rm
ation can
be acces
sed through web-base
d m
onitori
ng
servi
ces
gl
o
b
al
l
y
usi
ng GSM
.
M
o
reo
v
e
r
, vi
a
GSM
t
echn
o
l
ogy
us
ed
, t
h
e sy
st
em
i
n
[3]
has an a
dva
nt
a
g
e i
n
term
s o
f
wireless cov
e
rag
e
o
v
er [2
] b
ecau
s
e
it stil
l ab
le
t
o
subm
i
t
m
easured dat
a
fr
om
senso
r
s i
n
t
h
e a
b
sent
o
f
in
tern
et con
n
e
ctio
n
.
Mean
wh
ile in [4
], a low-cost au
tono
m
o
u
s
water
q
u
a
lity m
o
n
ito
ring
syste
m
was est
a
b
lish
e
d
b
y
u
tilizin
g
Ard
u
i
n
o
Meg
a
256
0 (m
icro
con
t
ro
ll
er) as th
e sen
s
o
r
nod
e.
Th
is
micro
c
on
tro
ller is
u
s
ed
to acq
u
i
re
and
pr
ocess se
nso
r
dat
a
whi
c
h i
n
cl
u
d
e p
H
,
l
i
ght
, t
e
m
p
erature
,
electrical
conductiv
ity, disso
lv
ed
ox
yg
en
and
oxi
dation re
duction pote
ntial sens
or. The
syste
m
also used
a personal com
puter (PC) t
o
receive
data from
the
sens
or
no
de v
i
a Uni
v
e
r
sal
Seri
al
B
u
s (US
B
). The ac
qui
red
dat
a
i
s
t
h
en st
ore
d
i
n
M
y
SQL dat
a
b
a
se f
o
r
anal
y
s
i
s
.The
w
o
r
k
i
n
[
4
]
,
de
m
onst
r
ate a practical process
i
ng
sy
st
em
by
usi
n
g PC
as t
h
e
m
a
i
n
process
o
r a
n
d
st
anda
rd
dat
a
b
a
se t
o
st
o
r
ed
d
a
t
a
.
W
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
sy
st
em
can
m
oni
t
o
r m
a
ny
sen
s
ors
si
m
u
l
t
a
neousl
y
a
nd e
x
pa
nd i
n
t
o
a bi
g
g
er sy
st
e
m
by
addi
n
g
m
o
re senso
r
n
ode
s, t
h
e c
o
m
m
uni
cat
i
on bet
w
een
sens
o
r
n
ode a
n
d m
i
cropr
ocess
o
r
is n
o
t
wireless. Hen
ce, th
e ex
p
a
n
s
ion
of th
is syste
m
will also
in
crease th
e o
v
e
rall co
st o
f
the water
m
oni
t
o
ri
ng
sy
s
t
em
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
E
W
2.
P
man
y
trad
e
o
In t
h
i
s
of
co
n
of m
o
Mea
n
user
i
n
LDR
mo
d
u
devi
c
e
chara
c
at the
sens
o
r
use
d
t
dra
w
appro
tan
k
3
cham
b
and s
e
is b
a
s
b
oa
r
d
Micr
o
soft
w
p
latf
o
In
tel
w
Galil
e
ot
he
r
ESP8
2
servi
c
equi
p
p
as vi
s
use
d
tu
rb
i
d
E
lec & C
o
m
p
W
eb
ba
sed
Wa
t
P
ROP
O
SE
D
Tho
ugh
t
h
areas for i
m
o
ffs between
t
s project,
a
w
n
ce
pt to t
h
e
I
n
o
n
ito
ring wa
t
n
wh
ile th
e sys
n
terface a
s
ill
u
The wate
r
and LED. Th
i
u
le enable
s a
m
e
s lik
e
AC o
r
c
te
rized from
v
o
l
t
a
ge
di
vi
d
r
, analyse
the
t
o pum
p
out
t
a
ma
x
i
m
u
m
o
xi
m
a
t
e
ly
1.
3
l
50
Gallon
s
P
e
b
er and s
e
nd
b
Fi
gu
re 1.
B
l
o
The gate
w
e
rv
e
r
an
d E
S
P
ed on
a 32-
b
i
t
d
is co
m
p
atib
l
e
o
so
f
t
W
i
nd
o
w
are i
n
tegrate
d
o
rm
as Ardui
n
w
h
i
ch is
In
te
l
e
o Ge
n
2
bo
a
wo
rd
s, In
tel
G
Dat
a
obt
a
i
266
. Th
e
W
i
c
e called Thi
n
p
ed
with
MA
s
ual
i
ze se
nso
r
to visual
ize
t
d
ity v
a
lu
es, th
e
Eng
t
er Tu
rb
id
ity
M
SYSTE
M
h
ere a
r
e m
a
ny
m
provem
e
nt
p
a
t
hese t
w
o
fac
t
w
eb
-
b
ase
d
wa
t
n
tern
et Of Th
i
t
er tu
rb
id
i
t
y
i
te
m
architect
u
u
strated i
n
Fi
g
r
t
u
rbid
ity se
n
i
s sensi
ng
un
i
m
icro
con
t
r
ol
l
e
r
DC m
o
tors
changes
due
d
er
[
1
0
]
.
A
p
r
dat
a
a
nd s
e
n
t
he wat
e
r f
r
o
m
curre
nt
o
f
1
l
iters per h
o
u
r
e
r H
o
ur (
G
P
H
b
ack
i
n
to th
e
w
o
ck
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
o
w
ay fo
r
th
e sy
P
8
2
66 Wi
-
F
i
T
t
In
tel Pen
t
iu
m
e
with
th
e h
a
r
w
s host ope
rat
i
d
de
vel
o
pm
en
t
n
o m
i
croco
n
t
r
o
l
XDK
IOT
E
a
rd
, we
elimi
n
G
alileo
Gen 2
i
ne
d
fr
om
t
h
e
Fi
m
odul
e
w
n
gs
pea
k
.i
o i
s
TLAB a
n
a
l
yt
i
r
dat
a
usi
n
g
M
t
he dat
a
m
e
a
s
e
filtratio
n
p
r
o
Intel
G
a
I
S
M
on
ito
ring
a
n
water q
u
a
lit
y
a
rticu
l
arly in
t
o
r
s
r
e
ly on t
h
er t
u
rb
id
ity
m
i
n
g
s (I
oT
)
a
p
p
i
n
s
id
e water
u
re co
nsists
o
g
ur
e 2
.
n
sor was
de
v
e
t connecte
d
t
h
e
r suc
h
as
I
n
t
e
wh
ich
requ
ir
e
to ligh
t
in
ci
d
e
r
og
r
a
m
was
w
d
t
h
em
to
th
e
m
th
e tan
k
s
.
I
Am
pere. T
h
e
r
. T
h
e water
w
H
)
or
app
r
ox
i
m
w
ater ta
nk.
o
f th
e we
b-
b
a
s
s
te
m
was est
a
T
rans
cei
ver
m
m
brand
sy
st
e
m
r
dwa
r
e and
s
o
i
ng system
s.
T
t
en
vi
r
o
nm
en
t
o
ller b
o
a
rd
s.
T
d
ition
th
at
is
n
ate the nee
d
s
ca
n f
unct
i
o
n
serv
er
(In
tel
w
as slo
tted
i
n
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
l
o
g
i
cs t
ool
s. It
c
a
M
ATL
A
B [
5
]
s
ured
.O
nc
e t
h
o
cess
and c
o
n
t
lil
eo
Gen
2
SSN
:
208
8-8
7
n
d
Au
toma
ted
y
m
o
n
itoring
s
r
e
du
cing
cos
t
h
e app
licatio
n
m
o
n
ito
ring
sy
s
p
lication
for
m
t
a
nks e
qui
p
p
o
f t
h
ree
pa
rts;
e
l
o
pe
d u
s
i
ng
a
h
e In
tel Galil
e
e
l Galileo
Ge
n
e
an e
x
ternal
e
n
t
ab
so
rp
tio
n
w
ritten
u
s
ing
C
in
tern
et. Me
a
It is en
tirely
e fl
ow
rate
o
w
ill b
e
flo
w
e
d
m
at
el
y 1.3 l
i
t
e
s
ed
water
tu
r
b
a
bl
i
s
he
d usi
n
g
m
odul
e as t
h
e
m
on c
h
i
p
(
S
o
o
ft
ware desig
n
T
he
b
o
ar
d i
s
t
(I
D
E
)
wh
ic
h
T
he
b
oar
d
ca
n
base
d o
n
Ja
v
a
s
of
c
o
nnect
i
n
as sen
s
or
no
d
Galileo) are
s
via a m
i
ni-
P
g
t
h
em
to
th
e
a
n c
o
llect an
d
,
[6
].
A
th
ir
d
h
e system
is
n
tro
lled
th
e sy
s
sensor
7
08
Filtra
tio
n
S
y
s
s
yste
m
s have
t
and c
o
m
p
l
e
n
s a
n
d
rel
e
va
n
s
te
m
sh
ow
n i
n
m
oni
t
o
ri
ng
q
u
p
ed with
an
a
th
e tu
rb
id
ity
a
si
m
p
l
e
vol
t
a
e
o Ge
n 2 vi
a
a
n
2
wi
t
h
di
gi
t
a
po
we
r so
urc
e
n
at L
D
R
whi
c
C
l
a
ng
ua
ge t
o
a
nw
hi
l
e
, f
o
r t
h
subm
ersi
bl
e
a
o
f t
h
e
pum
p
d
in
to
a filter
c
e
rs per h
o
u
r
.
T
b
id
ity m
o
n
ito
r
i
g
In
tel
Galile
o
wireless c
o
m
m
o
C
)
nam
e
d In
t
n
ed fo
r
A
r
d
u
i
flex
ib
le du
e
t
h
m
eans it ca
n
n
a
l
s
o
b
e
p
r
o
g
a
Sc
ri
pt
p
r
og
r
a
n
g a
m
i
croco
d
e a
n
d
s
e
r
v
er
a
s
en
t to the in
t
e
P
CIE slot on
e
cl
ou
d. T
h
i
n
d
send the se
n
s
d
-p
ar
ty W
E
B-
p
ubl
i
s
he
d t
o
s
te
m
accordi
n
s
tem: Io
T
...
(
S
b
ee
n de
vel
o
p
e
x
ity o
f
th
e s
y
n
t water p
a
ra
m
n
Figure
1,
w
a
a
lity o
f
water
a
ut
om
at
ed w
a
se
nsi
n
g, t
h
e
g
a
ge
di
vi
de
r
c
i
a
relay cir
c
u
i
t
.
a
l o
u
t
pu
ts to
c
e
. Changes
in
c
h
resu
lt i
n
c
h
obtain m
eas
u
h
e filtratio
n
p
a
nd
op
er
ates
a
i
s 35
0
Gal
l
o
n
c
ham
b
er and s
T
he water
wil
i
n
g
and w
a
ter
o
Ge
n
2 B
o
ar
d
m
uni
cat
i
o
n d
e
t
el
Qua
r
k So
C
n
o U
no R
3
.
T
t
o its com
p
ati
b
be p
r
og
r
a
m
m
g
ra
mm
ed
u
s
i
n
a
mmin
g
lang
u
n
tro
ller to
a
P
a
t t
h
e sam
e
ti
m
e
r
n
et
usi
n
g
W
t
h
e board.
T
n
gsp
eak
.i
o i
s
s
or d
a
ta t
o
th
e
GU
I pr
o
v
ide
r
th
e in
tern
et,
gl
y
.
S
. N
oorj
a
nn
a
h
ed
p
r
ev
iou
s
l
y
y
ste
m
archite
c
m
et
e
r
s
t
o
be
m
a
s devel
ope
d
r
. The
system
a
ter filtratio
n
g
ateway de
vi
c
i
rcu
it wh
ich
c
.
The two-c
h
a
c
o
n
t
ro
l larg
er
n
water
tu
rb
id
h
a
nge
s of
v
o
l
t
a
u
re
d dat
a
V
rea
p
roc
e
ss, a
b
il
g
a
t 12
vo
lts.
T
n
s Per Hour
s
end back int
o
l
l
be fl
owe
d
i
n
r
filtration
sys
t
d
as
the
m
i
cr
o
e
vi
ce. The
In
t
C
X1
000
p
ro
c
e
T
he
boa
rd al
s
o
i
b
i
l
ity with
th
m
ed usi
n
g t
h
e
n
g s
o
ft
ware p
r
u
age. By usin
g
P
C a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
m
e.
W
i Fi
transcei
v
T
o pu
bl
i
s
h
t
h
e
an
op
en
Io
T
e
cl
ou
d, a
n
al
y
r
called
Free
b
users
can
m
h
Ib
rah
i
m
)
2
505
y
, there are
c
tu
re. Th
e
m
o
n
ito
red.
as
a p
r
oo
f
is capable
fun
c
tio
n.
c
e and the
c
onsists of
a
n
n
e
l relay
lo
a
d
s
an
d
ity can
b
e
a
ge (V
read
)
d
fr
o
m
the
g
e pum
p
is
T
he p
u
m
p
s
(G
PH
)
or
o
th
e water
n
t
o
a filter
t
e
m
o
con
t
ro
ller
t
el Galileo
e
ss
or. This
o
sup
por
ts
e A
r
d
u
i
no
sam
e
IDE
r
ovi
d
e
d by
g
th
e
In
tel
c
e c
o
st.
In
v
er m
o
dule
e
se data,
a
T
pl
at
form
y
ze a
s
well
b
oa
rd
.i
o i
s
m
o
n
ito
r th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
n
t J Elec & C
o
m
p
Eng
,
Vo
l.
8
,
No
.
4
,
Aug
u
st 20
18
:
250
3 –
25
11
2
506
Figure
2. The
web ba
sed m
onitori
ng aut
o
m
a
ted wa
te
r filtration system
ar
chitecture a
n
d
com
pone
nts
3.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
Th
e algorith
m
flow ch
art of t
h
e pro
g
ram
is i
llu
strated
in
Fig
u
re 3
.
In
sho
r
t,
th
e
system
w
ill
estab
lish
networking
usi
ng t
h
e ES
P8266
W
i
-Fi Tr
a
n
sc
eiver m
odule, read data from
se
ns
or
node a
n
d log the
data t
o
the
clo
u
d
v
i
a Th
ing
s
peak.io
m
i
d
d
l
eware.
In ord
e
r t
o
co
nn
ect
th
e In
tel Galileo
Gen 2 to
t
h
e
W
i
-Fi
n
e
t
w
ork
,
a set
o
f
“AT COM
M
AND” is send
to
th
e ESP82
6
6
v
i
a a serial co
mm
u
n
i
cati
o
n
o
f
th
e
In
tel
Galileo
Gen
2 b
o
a
rd.
Th
en
, th
e SSID fo
r t
h
e
W
i
-Fi n
e
two
r
k
wh
ich
in
cl
u
d
e
s
th
e p
a
sswo
rd
for th
e
W
i
-Fi
is set in
th
e co
d
i
n
g
.
Th
erefo
r
e, when
th
e cod
e
is
ex
ecu
ted
,
ESP8
266
will s
can for t
h
is SSID
an
d conn
ect to it au
to
m
a
tical
ly. To
send the data to Thi
n
gspea
k
.i
o, a
n
account
for this sy
stem need to
be created
and an a
pplication program
interface (API)
key for
t
h
is water filtr
ation syste
m
will be give
n t
o
the
use
r
. This
API key is use
d
i
n
t
h
e
codi
ng
t
o
sen
d
a
GET
r
e
que
st
t
o
Thi
n
gs
pea
k
.i
o
,
f
o
r
exam
pl
e, “
GET
/update
?ke
y
=
PF63C1ADNZ
X
H
CCI
U
” t
o
u
pdat
e
t
h
e s
e
ns
or dat
a
.
Da
t
a
obt
ai
ned
fr
o
m
t
h
e Thi
ngs
p
eak.i
o
can al
so
be vi
s
u
al
i
zed i
n
Web
–
G
u
i
ap
pl
i
cat
i
on s
u
c
h
as F
r
e
e
boa
r
d
.i
o
usi
n
g Java
Scri
pt
O
b
ject
Not
a
t
i
o
n
(JS
O
N
)
fo
rm
at.
The m
easured
data is then c
o
m
p
ared
with
t
h
e th
resho
l
d
valu
e. Th
e tu
rb
i
d
ity sen
s
or at th
is po
in
t h
a
s
alread
y b
e
en
su
b
m
erg
e
d
in
sid
e
th
e tank
an
d
wate
r
will flow p
a
ssing th
ro
ugh
th
e
PVC
p
i
p
e
where the
turbidity m
eas
urem
ent takes
place. Th
e t
u
rbidity level
of water will be
calculated from
the
val
u
e of
light
in
ten
s
ity o
f
LED ob
tain
b
y
LDR wh
en
th
e
water p
a
sses th
rou
g
h
it. Th
e h
ypo
th
esis is th
e h
i
gh
er th
e l
e
v
e
l o
f
w
a
ter
t
u
rb
id
ity p
a
sses thr
ough
th
e p
a
ssag
e
betw
een
LD
R an
d LED
,
t
h
e low
e
r th
e
v
a
lu
e of
th
e lig
h
t
i
n
ciden
t
.
A th
resho
l
d
t
u
rb
i
d
ity v
a
lu
e,
wh
ich
was
ob
tain
ed
fro
m
previ
o
us ex
pe
ri
m
e
nt
s i
n
[
1
0]
, w
a
s set
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
og
ram
to
con
t
ro
l th
e pu
mp
at t
h
e
water tank
.
When
t
h
e m
easure
d
value reac
hes
the t
h
res
h
old
value, it
mean
s th
at th
e water is cl
oud
y and
t
h
e pum
p
will start
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
ou
t t
h
e
water
o
u
t
of th
e tan
k
to
start th
e
filtratio
n
p
r
o
c
ess. Wh
ile
t
h
e filtratio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
is
in p
r
o
g
ress, th
e turb
i
d
ity sen
s
o
r
can
up
d
a
te con
tinu
o
u
s
ly
tu
rb
id
ity v
a
lu
es of t
h
e filtered
water i
n
sid
e
th
e tank
.
Th
e syste
m
will sto
p
wh
en th
e
water turb
i
d
ity read
ing
is
b
e
low th
e stipulated
th
resho
l
d v
a
lu
e ind
i
catin
g th
e
filtration
p
r
o
cess h
a
s fin
i
sh
ed
.
Th
e tu
rb
id
ity sen
s
o
r
was co
nstru
c
ted
u
s
ing
PVC p
i
p
e
s, LDR an
d
LED.
Th
e sensitiv
ity
o
f
tu
rb
id
ity
sen
s
o
r
is aff
e
cted
b
y
t
h
e an
g
l
e
of
ligh
t
in
cid
e
n
t
on
LD
R [7-
9
],
h
e
n
ce
w
e
co
nducted
exp
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
s to
ch
aracterize th
e LDR ab
sorp
t
i
o
n
du
e to
th
is effect. Th
e LED and
LDR
were po
sition
e
d
in
sid
e
th
e PVC p
i
p
e
t
o
creat
e 1
8
0
°
and
9
0
° i
n
ci
d
e
nt
an
gl
es as sho
w
n i
n
Fi
gu
re 4
(
a) a
nd
Fi
gu
re 4
(
b).
The
sens
ors
were
t
h
e
n
su
b
m
erg
e
d
in
t
o
a
p
l
astic contain
e
r th
at
rep
r
esen
ts th
e
wat
e
r tank
. Silt was gradu
a
lly ad
d
e
d
i
n
to
t
h
e
water i
n
o
r
d
e
r to
i
n
crease tu
rb
id
ity and
to test se
nsing
cap
a
b
ility o
f
th
e d
e
sign
ed sen
s
or.
Thin
gsp
e
ak
.
i
o
Router
User
In
te
rface
Gateway
Device
Water
Filtration
Sy
s
t
e
m
ESP
8266 Wi F
i
Transce
i
ver
Mod
u
l
e
Int
e
l G
a
lile
o
G
e
n 2 Board
Sensor Nod
e
Tur
b
i
d
it
y
Hi
gh
?
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
E
W
T
o
m
i
E
lec & C
o
m
p
W
eb
ba
sed
Wa
t
Fig
u
Fi
gu
re 4.
T
To
mi
c
o
ne
gat
ive
pin o
f
i
c
r
ocont
r
oller
Eng
t
er Tu
rb
id
ity
M
u
re 3.
Flo
w
ch
a
T
he
desi
g
n
e
d
PV
V
posit
i
ve
pi
n of
c
rocon
t
rol
l
e
r
I
S
M
on
ito
ring
a
n
a
rt
of
we
b b
a
s
turb
i
d
ity sen
s
in
c
LED
L
DR
C
Pi
p
e
V
oltage divider
fo
r
LD
R
To analog p
i
n o
f
m
i
c
r
ocont
r
oller
SSN
:
208
8-8
7
n
d
Au
toma
ted
s
ed
m
o
n
ito
ri
n
s
or
p
o
s
i
t
i
oni
n
g
ci
dent
o
f
l
i
g
h
t
7
08
Filtra
tio
n
S
y
s
g
au
to
m
a
ted
w
g
for c
h
aracte
r
t
angl
e
To ne
gat
ive
pin o
m
i
c
r
ocont
r
oller
s
tem: Io
T
...
(
S
w
ater filtratio
n
r
izatio
n (a)
9
0
LED
To posit
i
ve
pi
n of
m
i
c
r
ocont
r
oller
f
S
. N
oorj
a
nn
a
h
n
sys
t
e
m
0
° a
n
d (
b
) 1
8
0
D
PVC
Pipe
L
Voltage divider
fo
r
LD
R
To analog
p
m
i
c
r
ocont
r
o
h
Ib
rah
i
m
)
2
507
0
°
L
D
R
p
in o
f
o
lle
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
E
2
508
chan
g
if th
e
r
also
c
th
e c
o
the cl
o
4.
R
th
e T
h
retur
n
obt
ai
n
th
e T
l
i
nke
d
wirel
e
Figur
e
th
e t
u
dar
k
n
p
ass
t
desi
g
n
diffe
r
fo
r th
e
in
cre
a
affec
t
of
t
h
e
b
y d
e
conc
e
E
lec & C
o
m
p
LDR rea
d
g
es
. T
h
e e
xpe
r
r
e are any di
f
c
onnected to
t
o
mm
ercia
l
on
e
o
ud
. T
o
r
e
pre
R
ESULTS
A
A W
i
-Fi
c
h
i
n
g
s
pea
k
.i
o
s
n
s “
O
K”
repl
y
n
by
t
h
e t
u
r
b
i
d
hi
ngs
pea
k
.i
o
d
t
o t
h
e Free
b
e
ss c
o
m
m
uni
c
e
5. W
i
rel
e
ss
The e
xpe
r
u
rb
id
ity sen
s
o
r
n
ess. Results
a
t
hro
ugh
t
h
e
w
n
ed
r
e
turn
a
en
t c
o
n
c
en
tr
a
e a
u
to
ma
t
e
d
s
As ex
pec
t
a
ses
due to t
h
t
s t
h
e m
e
asur
e
e
silt so
lutio
n
.
si
gne
d t
u
rbi
d
i
e
n
t
ration
in
w
En
g, V
o
l
.
8,
N
d
i
n
gs
fr
om
t
h
r
im
en
ts were
c
f
fere
nces in s
e
t
he system
to
e
. All
read
i
n
g
se
n
t
th
e data
l
A
N
D
ANA
LY
S
c
on
ne
ct
i
on w
a
s
er
ver vi
a ES
P
y
, th
e conn
ec
t
d
ity sen
s
or w
i
by
sen
d
i
n
g
a
b
oar
d
.i
o t
o
vi
s
c
ation
s
are
sh
o
comm
unicati
o
r
e
spon
s
e
r
im
en
tal resu
l
t
r
. T
h
ere
we
re
a
re pl
ot
t
e
d
by
w
ater ove
r the
di
f
f
ere
n
t
val
u
a
tion
o
f
th
e
sa
n
s
ystem
o
f
this
t
e
d
a
nd i
n
l
i
n
h
e abs
o
rpti
on
e
d
t
u
rb
id
it
y v
a
.
This correla
t
i
ty sen
s
or
ca
n
w
ater is high.
T
N
o. 4,
A
u
gu
s
t
h
ese e
xpe
rim
e
c
o
n
duct
e
d i
n
t
e
ns
or readi
n
g
obse
rve t
h
e
t
s were
t
h
en u
p
l
og
ged
i
n
a
W
S
IS
a
s teste
d
by s
e
P
8266
to
con
f
t
io
n is estab
l
i
ll b
e
co
llect
e
d
a
GE
T re
qu
e
s
s
u
a
lize th
e se
n
o
wn
in Fig
u
re
o
ns set
u
p
,
(a)
e
to
G
E
T
c
o
m
t
s of the tu
rb
i
d
t
w
o e
xpe
ri
m
ob
tain
i
n
g the
To
tal Su
spe
n
u
e for
both 1
n
d
so
lu
tion
.
T
project.
n
e wit
h
litera
t
of LDR
de
c
r
a
lu
e and
ret
u
r
t
i
on bet
w
ee
n
n
be u
s
ed
t
o
t
r
T
h
e
tu
rb
id
it
y
t
20
18
:
250
3
m
ents represe
n
t
ot
al
dar
kne
s
s
g
s in
d
i
fferent
t
ren
d
o
f
bot
h
p
l
o
ad
ed
to
th
e
W
eb-Gui, a se
r
v
e
ttin
g
up a T
r
f
irm
co
mm
u
n
c
i
she
d
ot
her
w
i
d
b
y
In
tel Gal
s
t to
th
e serv
e
n
so
r d
a
ta
in
W
5.
(a)
(b
)
C
o
m
uni
cat
i
o
n
m
m
a
n
d
to
fetc
h
d
ity senso
r
a
r
m
en
tal setu
p
s
:
vo
ltag
e
v
a
lu
e
n
de
d Sol
i
d
(T
S
1
8
0
° an
d
90
°
T
hi
s val
u
e ca
n
t
ure [9]
,
V
read
r
eases. T
h
e a
n
r
ns di
f
f
ere
n
t
v
th
e c
o
n
c
en
tr
a
r
i
gge
r t
h
e
wat
val
u
es were
c
–
25
11
n
t th
e sen
s
iti
v
s
and
with
th
e
envi
r
onm
ent
.
18
0° an
d
90
°
e
services cal
l
v
ice called
fr
e
r
a
n
sm
ission
C
c
at
i
ons bet
w
e
e
i
se the conne
c
i
l
e
o
Ge
n 2 b
o
e
r
.
Th
e
Th
in
g
W
eb-Gui
p
rov
i
n
bet
w
ee
n
se
r
h
in
fo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
r
e gra
p
he
d
i
n
F
1
)
in
th
e
p
r
e
s
e
(V
read
) resul
t
S
S) i
n
wate
r
.
p
o
s
ition
e
d
L
n
be used t
o
c
m
easured fr
o
n
gl
e of
i
n
ci
d
e
v
alues when
i
m
a
t
i
on of
TSS
i
e
r p
u
m
p
to st
a
c
alculated au
t
v
ity o
f
the s
prese
n
ce of
a
.
A
co
mmer
c
i
tu
r
b
id
i
t
y
s
e
n
l
ed Thi
n
gspe
a
e
e
boa
r
d
.i
o
i
s
u
C
o
n
t
r
ol
P
r
ot
oc
e
n the se
rver
a
c
tio
n
is faile
d
a
r
d and t
h
e
r
e
g
spea
k.io c
h
a
n
i
ded
by
Free
b
v
er
an
d s
e
ns
o
f
r
om
sens
o
r
F
i
g
ure 6
a
nd
F
s
e
n
ce of am
bi
e
t
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
From
the res
u
L
DR an
d LE
D
at
egorize the
o
m t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
e
nt
of l
i
g
ht
b
m
mersed in a
n wat
e
r
a
n
d
t
a
r
t
pum
pi
ng
t
h
t
omatically i
n
ISS
N
:
2
s
ens
o
r due t
o
a
mb
ien
t
ligh
t
t
i
al
tu
rb
i
d
ity
s
n
sor and
com
p
a
k
.
i
o
to
log
th
e
u
se
d.
c
ol (TCP
)
c
o
n
a
nd
clou
d.
I
f
d
. The value
o
e
adin
g
will
b
e
a
nn
el
fo
r
th
i
s
b
oar
d
.io
.
Res
u
o
r a
n
d
(b
) T
h
i
n
F
i
g
ure 7
t
o
c
h
ent l
i
ght
and
a
mo
un
t o
f
lig
h
u
l
t
, th
e turb
i
d
D
whe
n
im
m
e
level o
f
wate
r decrease
s
a
b
et
ween L
D
R
diffe
re
nt
co
n
t
he vo
ltag
e
v
a
t
he water wh
e
n
Thi
n
ks
peak
.
2
088
-87
08
o
tu
rb
id
ity
t
o o
b
ser
v
e
ensor wa
s
p
ared with
e
da
t
a in
to
n
n
ection
t
o
th
e s
e
r
v
er
o
r read
ing
e
up
l
o
ad to
syste
m
is
u
lts for
th
e
n
ks
pe
a
k
.io
h
aracte
r
ize
2
)
i
n
to
tal
ht
that can
d
i
t
y
sens
or
e
rsed in a
r tu
rb
id
ity
s the TSS
and
L
E
D
n
cen
t
r
a
tion
a
lue return
e
n t
h
e TSS
io
usin
g
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int
J
El
ec &
C
o
m
p
En
g
ISS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
87
08
Web
ba
sed Water Tu
rb
id
ity
Mon
ito
ring
a
n
d
Au
toma
ted
Filtra
tio
n
S
y
stem:
Io
T
... (S
. N
o
o
r
j
a
n
nah
Ib
rah
i
m)
2
509
g
i
v
e
n
equ
a
tio
n in
[1
1
]
. The tu
rb
i
d
ity v
a
lu
es calcu
lated
in
d
i
cate th
at tu
rb
idity
in
creases as th
e silt
ad
d
e
d
to
th
e
water i
n
creases
shown.
Despi
t
e
of
di
f
f
ere
n
ces i
n
t
h
e l
i
ght
of i
n
ci
dent
ang
l
e i.e., 180
° and
90°, th
e LDR
-
LED turb
id
ity
sens
or
has
si
m
i
l
a
r desce
ndi
ng
w
h
en t
r
en
d
w
h
i
c
h m
eans t
h
e
b
o
t
h
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
at
i
on ca
n
be u
s
ed t
o
det
ect
t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
cor
r
ect
l
y
. It
a
p
pears
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6,
t
h
e
pl
ot
of
9
0
°
i
s
n
early
si
m
ilar to
th
e
co
mmercial tu
rb
i
d
ity sen
s
o
r
in
bo
t
h
set
ups i
.
e
., i
n
t
h
e p
r
ese
n
t
of a
m
bi
ence l
i
ght
and i
n
t
o
t
a
l
da
rk
ness.
It
can
be i
n
fe
rre
d t
h
a
t
t
h
i
s
posi
t
i
on
wo
ul
d
h
a
v
e
b
e
tter ligh
t
in
cid
e
n
t
ab
so
rp
tion
th
an
t
h
e 1
8
0
°
p
o
s
ition
i
ng
. Th
ere
were no
sign
ifican
t d
i
fferen
ces in
th
e
m
easured
val
u
es by
t
h
e se
ns
or i
n
t
h
e t
w
o
st
udi
e
d
co
n
d
i
t
i
ons
. T
h
i
s
al
so
m
eans t
h
at
t
h
e desi
g
n
e
d
sen
s
or i
s
r
obu
st enou
gh
an
d can also wo
rk
un
d
e
r
th
e pr
esen
ce of
light.
Fi
gu
re
6.
Tu
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
sens
or
t
e
st
i
n
am
bi
ent
l
i
g
ht
en
vi
r
o
nm
ent
Fig
u
re
7
.
Turb
id
ity sen
s
o
r
test in
to
tal
d
a
rkn
e
ss
These
dat
a
we
re capt
u
re
d f
r
o
m
t
h
e boar
d
a
n
d we
re l
o
gge
d
i
n
t
o
t
h
e cl
o
u
d
wi
t
h
o
u
t
any
pr
obl
em
. The
d
a
ta also
h
a
s b
een
d
i
sp
layed an
d
v
i
su
alized
in
a W
e
b–
Gu
i sh
own
in
Fig
u
re 8
.
Wh
en
th
e tu
rb
i
d
ity le
v
e
l of
water inc
r
ease
d
, t
h
e data i
n
t
h
e
Web–Gui s
h
ow c
h
a
nges
a
l
m
o
st instantaneously. Th
e m
onitoring syste
m
of a
water tank can be accessed from
anywhere in the worl
d through the
W
e
b – Gui HTTP link as long as t
h
ere
are an
in
tern
et
co
nn
ection
and
th
e system
a
r
e activ
e.
A
datab
a
se
b
a
sed
o
n
Web
-
SQL will
b
e
add
e
d
to
the
syste
m
wh
ere th
e in
fo
rm
atio
n
fro
m
th
e se
n
s
or will b
e
sto
r
ed
for system an
alyzin
g
or m
a
in
tain
in
g
.
Th
e
tu
rb
id
ity sen
s
or circu
it d
e
si
g
n
ed
will b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
t
o
in
crease its sen
s
itiv
ity.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int J
E
2
510
Fig
u
5.
C
water
m
oni
t
fr
om
t
AC
K
N
(RIG
S
Man
a
REF
E
[1]
E
[2]
D
f
[3]
P
E
E
lec & C
o
m
p
u
re 8.
C
o
nt
i
n
u
C
O
NCL
USI
O
To concl
u
in
a water
t
t
o
r
in
g pr
oces
s
t
he boa
r
d
i
s
l
o
NOWLED
G
E
This pa
p
e
S
16-
064
-0
22
8
a
gem
e
nt
C
e
nt
r
E
RE
NC
ES
E
dzwald
J
K
, "
W
D
rinking Wate
f
rom
:
http:
//k
m
P
erum
al T, S
u
l
E
le
ctr
onics
(
G
C
En
g, V
o
l
.
8,
N
(a)
u
ou
s p
l
o
tting
o
O
N
u
de, i
t
can be
t
ank an
d t
h
e
s
o
f
a
tu
rb
id
i
t
y
o
gge
d t
o
t
h
e
c
E
MENTS
e
r w
a
s
part
8
).
Th
e au
th
o
r
r
e
th
ro
u
g
h
th
e
W
ater Qua
lit
y
a
r
Qualit
y
Sur
v
m
am.moh.gov.
m
l
ai
ma
n MN,
L
e
C
CE)
,
2015 IE
E
N
o. 4,
A
u
gu
s
t
o
f
(a
)
90
° tu
r
b
dat
a
o
said t
h
e desi
g
W
e
b – B
a
s
e
y
sens
or t
o
m
lo
ud
u
s
i
n
g
a
T
o
f w
o
rks c
o
n
r
s w
o
ul
d al
s
o
gra
n
t
.
a
nd Treatment:
v
eil
l
anc
e
P
r
ogr
a
m
y
/
index.html
e
ong CY, “Inte
r
E
E 4th
Global
C
t
20
18
:
250
3
(c)
b
i
d
ity, (
b
) 1
8
0
o
n t
h
i
n
gs
p
eak.
g
ne
d t
u
rbi
d
i
t
y
e
d m
oni
t
o
ri
n
g
m
easure the
t
u
T
hi
ngs
pea
k
.i
o
n
ducted und
e
lik
e to
ackn
o
A
Handbook
o
a
m Official
W
e
rnet of
Things
C
onf
er
ence
on
2
–
25
11
°
t
ur
bi
di
t
y
an
d
io ch
ann
e
l
y
sensor can
b
g
of an aut
o
m
rb
i
d
ity lev
e
l
o
o
serv
ice with
o
e
r the
II
UM
o
wl
e
dge al
l
s
u
o
n
Drinking W
a
e
bsite
[Interne
t
(IoT) enabl
e
d
2
015
Oct
2
7
, I
E
(b
)
d
( c
)
Com
m
e
e
use
d
t
o
det
e
m
ated water
t
o
f water is s
u
o
ut an
y pro
b
l
e
Research I
n
u
pp
o
r
t
s
gi
ve
n
a
te
r
", McGraw
H
t
]
;
2017 [cited
water m
onitor
i
E
EE
, p
p
. 86-87
.
ISS
N
:
2
e
rcial t
u
rb
id
it
y
e
rm
in
e th
e c
o
t
ank i
s
a su
c
u
cce
eded. T
h
e
em
.
n
itiativ
e Gra
n
by th
e I
I
U
M
H
ill; 20
10.
2017 Aug 11]
i
ng s
y
stem,” i
n
.
2
088
-87
08
y
sensors
o
n
d
i
t
i
on of
c
c
e
ss. The
e
dat
a
rea
d
n
t Sch
e
m
e
M
Re
search
. Availabl
e
n
Consumer
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
Int
J
El
ec &
C
o
m
p
En
g
ISS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
87
08
Web
ba
sed Water Tu
rb
id
ity
Mon
ito
ring
a
n
d
Au
toma
ted
Filtra
tio
n
S
y
stem:
Io
T
... (S
. N
o
o
r
j
a
n
nah
Ib
rah
i
m)
2
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BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
S.
Noor
jannah Ibr
a
him
has
a
P
h
.D. in
El
ectr
i
cal
and Com
put
er
Eng
i
neering f
r
om the University
of
Canterbur
y
,
New Zealand
.
She
specializes in
micro-na
no
fabr
ication
technolog
y
particularly
in pattern
transfer te
chniq
u
e, m
e
ta
l dep
o
sition, m
i
crofl
u
idic design
, BIOMEMS,
MEMS and biomedical
appli
cat
ion. Cur
r
entl
y,
her
res
e
arch
inter
e
s
t
is
in the
ar
ea of
r
e
s
p
irator
y
biom
edic
al s
e
ns
or
an
d IoT
appli
cat
ions. She has been an
academ
i
c
sinc
e 2001 and ha
s considerable
tea
c
hing exp
e
ri
ence in
undergraduate
level and
postg
raduate, rang
ing f
r
om the fundamentals
course (
e
lectron
i
cs) to
the more
s
p
ecia
lis
t top
i
cs
s
u
ch as
wire
les
s
techno
log
y
and
M
E
M
S
. To dat
e
,
s
h
e works
as
an
As
s
i
s
t
ant P
r
ofes
s
o
r at
the
Dep
a
rm
ent of
El
ectr
i
c
a
l & Com
puter
Engin
eering
,
Kulliyy
a
h Of Engin
eer
in
g, International
Islamic
University
Malay
s
ia (IIUM). She is a senior
member
of
IEEE, IEEE
Electron
Dev
i
ces Society
and
IEM.
Ani Li
z
a
As
na
w
i
is
current
l
y
an As
s
i
s
t
ant P
r
ofes
s
o
r in Elect
rica
l and Com
p
uter Dept, F
acu
lt
y
o
f
Engineerig, Inter
n
ation
a
l
Islamic University
Malay
s
ia. She receiv
ed her Phd
from School of Electronics
and Computer Scien
c
e, University
of Southampton, United King
dom
, in 2012. She obtain
e
d her M.Eng
in Communication and Computer E
ngineering fr
om University
Keba
ngsaan Malay
s
ia (UKM), and her
Bachelor degree from International
Islamic University
Malay
s
ia (IIUM)
. Her cu
rrent resear
ch in
terests
includ
e wirel
e
s
s
com
m
unication
,
s
o
ft
ware def
i
ned radio
,
software e
ngin
eerin
g, empirical so
ftware
engineering, Ag
ile methods, software
processes, IoT and Engin
eering Edu
c
atio
n. She is a member of
IEEE
, I
EEE
Co
m
puter S
o
cie
t
y,
a reg
i
s
t
er
ed m
e
m
b
er for BEM
a
nd IEM
.
Dr
.
Nor
e
h
a Abdul M
a
lik
recei
ved her BEng i
n
M
e
dical
Ele
c
t
r
onics
from
Univers
i
t
y
of Te
ch
nolog
y
Malay
s
ia (2000)
and later pursued her MEng in
Co
mmunication and Computer
Engineer
ing at National
University
of M
a
lay
s
ia (2003). She later receiv
e
d he
r PhD in
Electronics and Electrical Eng
i
n
eering
from University
of Southampton,
United King
dom (2011). Sh
e is currently
an assistant professor at
International Islamic University
Malay
s
ia (IIU
M). Her resear
ch inte
rests
are in biomedical signa
l
processing and
b
i
omed
ical applications.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.