I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l a
nd
Co
m
p
ute
r
E
ng
in
ee
ring
(
I
J
E
CE
)
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
,
p
p
.
1935
~
1
9
4
3
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
ec
e
.
v
9
i
3
.
p
p
1
9
3
5
-
1943
1935
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ia
e
s
co
r
e
.
co
m/
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
I
JE
C
E
Ada
ptive reso
urc
es a
ss
ig
n
m
en
t
i
n
O
FDM
-
b
a
sed
c
o
g
nitive
ra
dio
s
y
ste
m
s
Sh
irin Ra
z
m
i
,
Na
s
er
P
a
rhizg
a
r
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Isla
m
ic
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
S
h
iraz
Bra
n
c
h
,
S
h
ir
a
z
,
Ira
n
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
y
1
9
,
2
0
1
8
R
ev
i
s
ed
No
v
1
2
,
2
0
1
8
A
cc
ep
ted
Dec
1
0
,
2
0
1
8
S
p
e
c
tru
m
e
ff
icie
n
c
y
o
f
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
(OFDM
)
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
i
o
(CR)
sy
ste
m
s
c
a
n
b
e
im
p
ro
v
e
d
b
y
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
.
In
re
so
u
rc
e
s allo
c
a
ti
o
n
,
tran
sm
issio
n
re
so
u
rc
e
s su
c
h
a
s
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
e
l
a
n
d
tran
sm
is
sio
n
p
o
w
e
r
a
re
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
l
y
a
s
sig
n
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
v
a
riatio
n
s.
T
h
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
m
a
x
i
m
ize
th
e
to
tal
tran
sm
iss
io
n
ra
te
o
f
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
u
se
r
(S
U).
He
n
c
e
,
w
e
in
v
e
stig
a
te
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
to
a
c
h
iev
e
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
se
.
F
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
,
w
e
in
v
e
stig
a
t
e
o
p
ti
m
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
th
e
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
e
a
n
o
v
e
l
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
a
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
c
a
lcu
late
th
e
tran
s
m
i
ss
io
n
p
o
w
e
r
o
f
e
a
c
h
su
b
c
a
rrier.
In
a
d
d
it
io
n
,
f
o
r
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
w
e
c
o
n
sid
e
r
tw
o
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
in
c
lu
d
in
g
m
u
lt
i
-
q
u
a
d
ra
tu
re
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
(
M
QA
M
)
a
n
d
m
u
lt
i
-
p
h
a
se
-
sh
if
t
k
e
y
in
g
(M
P
S
K)
.
A
lso
,
si
m
u
latio
n
re
su
lt
s
a
re
in
d
ica
ted
th
e
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
o
u
r
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
d
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
C
o
g
n
iti
v
e
r
ad
io
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
c
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
OFDM
P
o
w
er
a
llo
ca
tio
n
Co
p
y
rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
9
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
e
d
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Naser
P
ar
h
izg
ar
,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
I
s
la
m
ic
A
za
d
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Sh
ir
az
B
r
an
ch
,
Sh
ir
az
,
Far
s
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
I
r
an
.
E
m
ail:
n
.
p
ar
h
izg
ar
4
7
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
is
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
D
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
w
ir
eles
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ca
r
e
m
o
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
n
o
v
e
l
m
eth
o
d
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
i
n
g
t
h
is
ch
al
len
g
e
[
1
]
.
C
o
g
n
iti
v
e
R
ad
io
(
C
R
)
i
s
a
n
o
v
el
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
I
n
th
e
C
R
th
e
u
n
l
icen
s
ed
u
s
er
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
u
s
er
s
SU
ca
n
u
tili
ze
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
t
h
at
o
r
ig
in
al
l
y
allo
ca
ted
to
a
lice
n
s
ed
u
s
er
o
r
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
u
s
er
s
(
P
U)
.
T
h
e
m
a
in
ch
a
llen
g
e
f
o
r
SUs
is
k
ee
p
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
t
h
at
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
o
n
th
e
P
Us
th
an
s
p
ec
if
ied
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
[
2
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
h
av
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
r
esear
c
h
er
s
f
o
r
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
at
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
SUs
ca
n
u
s
e
u
n
o
cc
u
p
ied
p
ar
ts
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
a
n
d
s
b
et
w
ee
n
P
Us
b
an
d
s
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
c
en
ar
io
,
th
e
P
Us
an
d
SUs
ar
e
ass
i
g
n
ed
i
n
ad
j
ac
en
t
b
an
d
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
d
u
e
to
th
is
v
ici
n
it
y
,
ad
j
ac
en
t
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
AC
I
)
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
n
b
o
th
P
U
r
ec
eiv
er
(
P
UR
)
an
d
SU
r
ec
eiv
er
(
SUR
)
[
4
]
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
s
o
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
is
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
b
o
th
P
U
an
d
SU
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
m
ai
n
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
O
FDM
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e,
it
is
u
s
ed
b
y
SU
s
to
u
tili
ze
th
e
u
n
o
cc
u
p
ied
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
an
d
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
is
k
i
n
d
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
is
n
a
m
ed
OFDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
.
As
w
e
k
n
o
w
,
ad
ap
ti
v
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
is
a
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
OFDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
ea
c
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
ad
ap
tiv
el
y
a
s
s
i
g
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
ch
an
n
el
v
ar
iatio
n
[
6
]
.
I
n
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
,
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
is
allo
ca
ted
to
ch
a
n
n
els
w
it
h
b
etter
ch
a
n
n
el
f
ad
in
g
g
ai
n
a
n
d
less
p
o
w
er
a
llo
ca
ted
to
ch
an
n
el
s
w
it
h
w
o
r
s
e
ch
an
n
el
f
ad
in
g
g
ai
n
[
7
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
.
I
n
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
el
i
s
ch
a
n
g
ed
ad
ap
tiv
el
y
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
3
5
-
1
9
4
3
1936
T
h
e
id
ea
b
eh
i
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
ca
n
u
s
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
i
n
o
p
ti
m
u
m
m
o
d
e
r
eg
ar
d
less
ch
a
n
n
el
s
it
u
atio
n
s
[
9
]
.
Du
e
to
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic,
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
allo
ca
tio
n
in
OFDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
as
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
in
s
o
m
e
p
ap
er
s
.
I
n
th
e
[
3
]
an
d
[
4
]
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
p
o
w
er
allo
c
atio
n
in
t
h
e
OFDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
t
io
n
.
Au
t
h
o
r
s
in
[
5
]
,
co
n
s
id
er
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
t
u
al
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
th
e
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
i
n
[
1
0
]
an
d
[
1
1
]
au
th
o
r
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
.
A
l
th
o
u
g
h
s
u
b
o
p
tim
a
l
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
h
av
e
w
o
r
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
t
h
an
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
b
u
t
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lo
w
-
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
th
e
y
ar
e
th
e
b
etter
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
u
s
a
g
es.
I
n
[
1
2
]
au
t
h
o
r
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
o
th
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
OFDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
[
8
]
an
d
[
1
2
]
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
MQ
A
M
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itt
in
g
d
ata.
I
n
th
e
b
o
th
p
ap
er
s
,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
el
i
s
ch
an
g
ed
ad
ap
tiv
el
y
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
ta
te
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
w
e
f
ir
s
t
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
allo
ca
tin
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
an
d
th
e
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
a
n
o
v
el
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
n
th
e
O
FDM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
t
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
w
ater
f
i
llin
g
a
n
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
in
g
a
lg
o
r
it
h
m
s
ar
e
d
escr
i
b
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
I
n
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
p
ap
er
s
,
o
n
l
y
MQ
A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
e
l
w
a
s
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
w
h
ile
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
w
o
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
MQ
A
M
an
d
MP
SK.
B
o
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
m
o
d
er
n
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
w
e
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
m
i
n
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
ed
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
es
s
io
n
h
e
lp
s
to
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
s
elec
t
t
h
e
b
est
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
e
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w
s
;
in
S
ec
tio
n
2
,
w
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
o
p
tim
u
m
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
.
O
u
r
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
in
S
ec
tio
n
3
.
W
ater
f
illi
n
g
a
n
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Sectio
n
4
.
I
n
S
ec
tio
n
5
,
n
u
m
er
ical
r
es
u
lt
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
,
w
h
er
e
a
SU
is
lo
ca
ted
b
et
w
ee
n
L
P
US.
As
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
is
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
S
U
u
s
e
s
OFDM
to
u
s
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
h
o
les.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
u
s
er
d
iv
id
es
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
h
o
les
in
to
N
f
lat
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
w
it
h
a
b
an
d
w
id
th
Δf
.
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
allo
ca
tio
n
i
s
b
eh
in
d
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
s
co
p
e,
h
en
ce
,
w
e
a
s
s
u
m
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
allo
ca
tio
n
h
as
d
o
n
e
an
d
t
h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
Δf
an
d
N
ar
e
k
n
o
w
n
.
SU
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
SUT
)
u
tili
ze
s
id
ea
l
N
y
q
u
is
t
p
u
ls
e.
E
ac
h
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
an
d
o
f
P
U
is
eq
u
al
to
B
.
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
v
al
u
e
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
th
a
t
SU
ca
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
o
n
ea
ch
P
UR
is
eq
u
al
to
i
-
t
h
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
in
d
icate
s
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
in
a
s
p
atia
l
d
o
m
ai
n
.
h
i
ss
is
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
f
a
d
in
g
g
ai
n
o
f
SUT
-
SU
R
ch
a
n
n
el
o
v
er
i
-
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
h
ℓ
sp
is
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
f
ad
i
n
g
g
ain
o
f
SUT
-
ℓ
-
th
P
UR
ch
a
n
n
el.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
S
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
in
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ain
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
S
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
in
s
p
a
tial d
o
m
a
in
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
w
o
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
t
h
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
SU
ca
n
u
s
e
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
k
i
n
d
o
f
t
h
es
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
es
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
ti
m
e;
i.e
.
t
h
e
SU
ca
n
u
s
e
MQ
AM
o
r
MP
SK,
b
u
t
it
ca
n
n
o
t
u
s
e
b
o
th
o
f
t
h
e
m
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
d
,
th
e
d
esig
n
er
o
f
t
h
e
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
o
u
ld
s
elec
t
MP
SK
o
r
MQ
AM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
A
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e,
in
ad
ap
tiv
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
o
n
l
y
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
el
i
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
ad
ap
tiv
el
y
.
Fo
r
MQ
AM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
t
h
e
b
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
w
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
1
3
]
:
2
2
1
1
.5
0
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e
x
p
1
ss
ii
i
L
ii
Ph
B
E
R
MJ
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
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-
8708
A
d
a
p
tive
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
ed
co
g
n
itive
r
a
d
io
s
ystems
(
S
h
ir
in
R
a
z
mi
)
1937
w
h
er
e
P
i
in
d
icate
s
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
SU
o
n
i
-
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
th
e
ad
d
itiv
e
w
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ia
n
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
an
d
t
h
e
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
b
y
th
e
ℓ
-
th
P
U
o
n
SUR
ar
e
eq
u
al
to
σ
2
an
d
J
i
ℓ
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
B
y
s
u
p
p
o
s
in
g
BER
0
as B
E
R
tar
g
et
,
w
e
ar
e
ab
le
to
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lcu
late
m
o
d
u
latio
n
le
v
el
at
ea
c
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
b
y
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q
u
at
io
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(
1
)
:
2
2
0
1
1
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1
l
n
5
ss
ii
i
L
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M
B
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(
2
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T
h
e
n
u
m
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er
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f
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its
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er
s
y
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b
o
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an
b
e
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lated
b
y
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q
u
atio
n
(
3
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as f
o
llo
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s
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2
22
2
0
1
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o
g
l
o
g
1
l
n
5
ss
ii
ii
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i
Ph
bM
B
E
R
J
(
3
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an
s
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i
s
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io
n
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ate
o
f
SU i
n
b
its
/s
ec
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1
ii
s
Cb
T
(
4
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w
h
er
e
T
s
is
t
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l d
u
r
atio
n
.
Fo
r
MP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
t
h
e
B
E
R
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
1
3
]
:
2
1.9
2
1
6
0
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5
e
x
p
21
ss
ii
M
P
S
K
bL
i
Ph
B
E
R
J
(
5
)
Si
m
i
lar
to
MQ
A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
af
ter
s
o
m
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
an
ip
u
lat
io
n
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
f
o
r
SU
w
h
e
n
it u
s
es M
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
eq
u
atio
n
:
2
2
2
0
1
16
l
o
g
1
1
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l
n
2
0
ss
ii
i
L
s
i
Ph
C
T
B
E
R
J
(
6
)
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
o
u
r
g
o
al
is
to
o
b
tain
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
to
m
a
x
i
m
i
ze
o
v
er
all
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
SU.
I
t
is
w
o
r
t
h
to
n
o
tice,
o
n
ce
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
,
w
e
ca
n
ca
lc
u
lat
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
lev
el.
As
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
th
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
SUT
m
u
s
t
atte
n
d
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
o
w
er
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
(
I
-
th
)
th
at
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
o
n
P
U
s
b
an
d
s
to
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
Qo
S)
o
f
P
Us.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
to
tal
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
I
)
th
at
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
b
y
SU
o
n
P
Us
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
less
t
h
an
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
alu
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
p
r
ac
tical
r
estricti
o
n
,
SUT
ca
n
tr
an
s
m
it
o
n
l
y
f
i
n
ite
v
al
u
es
o
f
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
v
er
all
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
SU
m
u
s
t
le
s
s
th
a
n
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et
(
P
m
ax
)
.
T
h
e
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al
u
e
o
f
A
C
I
i
n
tr
o
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u
ce
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y
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i
-
t
h
O
FDM
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u
b
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ier
o
f
SU
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n
t
h
e
P
UR
s
p
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tr
u
m
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elate
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tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
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io
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y
m
b
o
l
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u
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atio
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d
t
h
e
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p
ec
tr
al
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tan
ce
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et
w
ee
n
i
-
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
an
d
P
U
b
an
d
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
AC
I
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
f
o
llo
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s
:
i
i
i
I
P
K
(
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w
h
er
e
2
/2
2
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in
i
i
dB
s
sp
is
dB
s
fT
K
h
T
d
f
fT
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
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3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
3
5
-
1
9
4
3
1938
w
h
er
e
d
i
ℓ
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th
e
s
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ec
tr
al
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n
ce
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et
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th
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an
d
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o
f
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an
d
ith
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u
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ier
o
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y
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n
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id
er
in
g
t
h
ese
is
s
u
es,
a
n
o
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ti
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izatio
n
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r
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lem
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o
r
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a
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i
m
izi
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tal
tr
a
n
s
m
its
p
o
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er
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SU
ca
n
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e
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i
tten
m
at
h
e
m
atica
ll
y
a
s
f
o
llo
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s
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m
a
x
i
N
i
P
i
CC
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j
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t to
:
m
a
x
1
N
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i
PP
(
1
0
)
1
;
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t
h
i
II
(
1
1
)
0;
i
Pi
(
1
2
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T
h
is
p
r
o
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lem
i
s
co
n
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o
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ti
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izatio
n
;
t
h
er
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o
r
e,
w
e
ap
p
l
y
K
KT
co
n
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itio
n
s
to
o
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tain
o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
w
er
at
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
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er
at
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
S
U
u
tili
ze
MQ
AM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
ca
lc
u
lated
b
y
th
e
f
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llo
w
in
g
eq
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atio
n
:
2
*
1
2
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1
m
a
x
0
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1
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l
n
5
L
i
i
L
ss
i
i
J
P
h
K
B
E
R
(
1
3
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I
t
is
w
o
r
th
to
n
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te
th
at,
f
o
r
MP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
o
p
ti
m
al
p
o
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er
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
tr
ateg
y
.
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h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
o
r
s
i
m
p
li
cit
y
,
w
e
o
n
l
y
d
escr
ib
e
an
o
p
tim
al
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tio
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r
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M
m
o
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n
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ro
o
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b
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s
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tim
izatio
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ly
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g
Kar
u
s
h
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KKT
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co
n
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tio
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t
h
e
o
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tim
a
l so
lu
tio
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e
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lcu
l
ated
as f
o
llo
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2
m
a
x
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1
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1
0
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.
5
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o
g
1
l
n
5
ss
N
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i
i
i
i
th
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i
i
i
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.
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l
n
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ii
L
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ss
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L
K
P
J
P
h
B
E
R
(
1
5
)
0
(
1
6
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(
1
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)
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N
(
1
8
)
1
0
N
i
b
u
d
g
e
t
i
PP
(
1
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
d
a
p
tive
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
ed
co
g
n
itive
r
a
d
io
s
ystems
(
S
h
ir
in
R
a
z
mi
)
1939
1
0;
N
i
t
h
i
II
(
2
0
)
0
ii
P
(
2
1
)
w
h
er
e
α
,
β
an
d
γ
ar
e
L
ag
r
a
n
g
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
B
y
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
α
i
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
5
)
an
d
th
en
:
2
1
1
2
0
1
1
.5
l
n
5
L
i
L
i
i
ss
i
K
J
P
h
B
E
R
(
2
2
)
2
1
1
2
0
0
1
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l
n
5
L
i
i
i
i
L
i
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ss
i
P
P
P
K
J
P
h
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E
R
(
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0
2
1
1
1
.5
l
n
5
ss
i
L
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L
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h
B
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R
K
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,
th
en
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q
u
atio
n
(
2
2
)
ca
n
o
n
l
y
h
o
ld
if
*
0
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P
an
d
b
y
s
o
lv
in
g
E
q
u
a
tio
n
(
2
3
)
,
w
e
h
av
e;
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*
1
2
10
1
1
.5
l
n
5
L
i
i
L
ss
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h
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E
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(
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T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
tr
a
n
s
m
i
t p
o
w
er
o
n
th
e
i
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
ca
n
b
e
w
r
itte
n
as E
q
u
a
tio
n
(
1
3
)
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
Du
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
f
o
p
t
i
m
al
m
e
th
o
d
,
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
av
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
s
e
v
e
r
al
p
ap
er
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
to
o
co
m
p
le
x
b
ec
au
s
e
i
n
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
all
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
im
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
T
h
e
id
ea
b
eh
in
d
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
is
t
h
e
y
tr
y
to
co
n
s
id
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n
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tr
ain
t
s
s
ep
ar
atel
y
.
He
n
c
e,
in
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
s
id
er
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
d
u
e
to
a
r
estrict
io
n
o
f
A
C
I
o
n
P
Us
b
an
d
s
a
n
d
t
h
en
co
n
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id
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co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
d
u
e
to
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
ted
to
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
o
b
tai
n
ed
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
at
io
n
:
2
i
i
i
h
pX
k
(
2
5
)
w
h
er
e
X
is
a
co
n
s
tan
t p
ar
a
m
e
t
er
.
Fo
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
X
,
w
e
s
u
b
s
t
itu
te
E
q
u
at
io
n
(
2
5
)
in
to
E
q
u
ati
o
n
(
1
0
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
X
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
o
f
i
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
o
f
OF
DM
-
b
ased
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
d
u
e
to
ℓ
th
P
U
ac
tiv
it
y
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
as:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
3
5
-
1
9
4
3
1940
2
2
1
th
i
i
N
ii
i
Ih
p
kh
(
2
6
)
Fo
r
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et,
w
e
u
s
e
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
wate
r
-
f
illi
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
f
th
e
SU
u
s
es
M
QA
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e,
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
d
u
e
to
th
i
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
at
io
n
(
2
7
)
an
d
if
t
h
e
S
U
u
s
es M
P
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
e
r
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
8
)
:
2
m
a
x
1
2
0
1
m
a
x
0
,
1
.5
l
n
5
L
i
i
ss
i
J
P
h
B
E
R
(
2
7
)
2
m
a
x
1
2
0
1
m
a
x
0
,
6
l
n
2
0
L
i
i
ss
i
J
P
h
B
E
R
(
2
8
)
w
h
er
e
μ
i
s
a
L
a
g
r
an
g
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
b
y
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
t
in
g
t
h
e
s
e
E
q
u
atio
n
s
.
I
n
to
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
1
)
,
L
a
g
r
an
g
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
is
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
f
in
a
l
allo
ca
ted
p
o
w
er
to
i
th
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
is
a
v
alu
e
th
at
s
ati
s
f
ie
s
all
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
i
n
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
0
)
an
d
E
q
u
atio
n
(
1
1
)
,
i.e
.
:
1
2
m
a
x
m
i
n
,
,
,
,
L
i
i
i
i
i
P
P
P
P
P
(
2
9
)
4.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
Sev
er
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
h
a
v
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
w
o
co
m
m
o
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
in
g
a
n
d
w
ater
f
i
llin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
W
ater
f
il
lin
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
a
n
o
p
ti
m
a
l
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
i
n
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
p
o
w
er
is
allo
ca
ted
to
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
u
c
h
th
at
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
is
s
ati
s
f
ied
is
all
s
it
u
atio
n
s
.
I
n
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
eq
u
al
p
o
w
er
al
lo
ca
ted
to
all
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
ese
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
n
ee
d
s
o
m
e
a
d
j
u
s
t
m
en
t
s
to
u
s
e
in
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
in
t
h
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
e
x
tr
a
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
ese
co
n
s
t
r
ain
ts
ca
u
s
e
f
r
o
m
P
U
ac
tiv
it
y
.
I
n
[
1
2
]
au
th
o
r
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
i
f
th
e
SU
u
s
e
s
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
in
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
:
m
a
x
12
1
1
1
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in
,
,
..
.,
,
th
th
th
N
N
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i
i
i
i
i
i
I
I
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u
s
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o
d
u
latio
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u
s
e
s
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ater
f
i
lli
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
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t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
is
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r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
a
lu
es o
f
E
q
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n
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3
1
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an
d
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
2
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[
1
2
]
:
2
1
m
a
x
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1
0
1
m
a
x
0
,
1
.5
l
n
5
L
i
N
u
ss
i
i
J
P
h
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R
(
3
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
d
a
p
tive
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
ed
co
g
n
itive
r
a
d
io
s
ystems
(
S
h
ir
in
R
a
z
mi
)
1941
2
1
m
a
x
2
1
0
1
m
a
x
0
,
1
.5
l
n
5
L
i
N
ss
i
i
J
P
h
B
E
R
(
3
2
)
I
n
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
1
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an
d
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
2
)
,
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
eq
u
ati
o
n
:
m
a
x
u
U
P
N
P
(
3
3
)
I
f
th
e
S
U
u
s
e
s
MP
SK
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
,
s
i
m
ilar
to
ab
o
v
e
eq
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atio
n
s
,
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
5.
SI
M
UL
AT
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
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e
e
x
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lain
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r
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
n
u
m
er
ical
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esu
lts
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e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
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n
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m
b
er
o
f
p
r
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m
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y
u
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er
s
is
eq
u
a
l
to
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o
(
L
=2
)
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d
th
e
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d
w
id
th
o
f
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(
B
)
is
eq
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al
to
2
MH
z.
A
ls
o
,
th
e
SU
u
s
es
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DM
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
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s
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g
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n
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ed
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tr
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.
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h
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n
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er
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ier
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s
6
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d
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h
e
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w
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h
(
Δf
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is
eq
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al
to
0
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3
1
2
5
MH
z.
Sy
m
b
o
l
d
u
r
atio
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f
o
r
SU
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s
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is
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µs.
C
h
a
n
n
els
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a
v
e
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a
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g
h
d
is
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ib
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tio
n
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Av
er
ag
e
p
o
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er
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ain
f
o
r
|
h
i
ss
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,
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1
sp
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n
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|
h
2
sp
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e
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n
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d
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,
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esp
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y
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h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
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GN
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ar
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n
ce
i
s
1
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w
att.
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h
e
v
alu
e
s
o
f
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iℓ
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e
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o
m
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e
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it
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n
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v
er
ag
e
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h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
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tar
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et
i
s
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ed
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e
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h
e
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er
ag
e
tr
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s
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is
s
i
o
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r
ates
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o
r
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le
a
lg
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r
it
h
m
s
ar
e
o
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tain
ed
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r
o
m
1
0
0
,
0
0
0
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
r
u
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
in
d
icate
s
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
at
ea
ch
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
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T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
is
ca
lc
u
lated
f
o
r
b
o
th
MQ
A
M
an
d
MP
SK
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
le
v
el,
s
ep
ar
atel
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t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
in
s
o
m
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
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SK
h
a
s
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etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
t
h
a
n
MQ
AM
a
n
d
i
n
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
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A
M
h
as
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
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n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
an
d
c
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
f
o
r
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
is
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
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t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
ch
a
n
n
els
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a
v
e
d
i
f
f
er
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n
t
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n
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g
a
in
s
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u
e
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if
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er
en
ce
,
ad
ap
tiv
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r
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u
r
ce
s
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ca
tio
n
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s
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tech
n
iq
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e
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n
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
f
o
r
d
if
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er
en
t
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
Fig
u
r
e
4
in
d
icate
s
c
h
a
n
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
f
o
r
MP
SK
an
d
MQ
A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
v
s
.
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
th
r
es
h
o
ld
.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
b
o
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
s
h
av
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
s
a
m
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
i
s
f
i
g
u
r
e
w
e
ca
n
co
n
clu
d
e
alt
h
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
MP
SK
a
n
d
MQ
A
M
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
er
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
ch
e
m
e,
b
u
t
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
p
o
w
er
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
MP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
b
etter
th
an
MQ
AM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
v
s
.
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
th
r
es
h
o
ld
.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
th
r
es
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o
ld
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
,
SUT
ca
n
allo
ca
te
m
o
r
e
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
w
e
o
b
s
er
v
e,
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
t
h
e
b
es
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
t
h
e
b
et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
an
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co
n
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e
n
tio
n
al
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
h
as th
e
w
o
r
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
201
9
:
1
9
3
5
-
1
9
4
3
1942
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
v
s
.
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
th
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
ap
ac
it
y
v
s
.
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
th
r
es
h
o
ld
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
v
s
.
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
s
.
C
a
p
ac
it
y
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
s
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et.
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n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
f
o
r
lo
w
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et,
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-
P
SK
m
o
d
u
la
t
io
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
h
as
t
h
e
b
etter
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er
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o
r
m
an
ce
th
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n
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A
M
m
o
d
u
latio
n
w
h
ile
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
e
t
v
al
u
e,
MQ
AM
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
h
a
s
t
h
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
v
s
.
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
et.
W
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
s
u
b
o
p
tim
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
h
a
s
w
o
r
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
p
tim
a
l
al
g
o
r
ith
m
w
h
ile
it
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
s
t
h
e
b
etter
th
a
n
w
ater
-
f
illi
n
g
a
n
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
v
s
.
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
e
t f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
r
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
ate
v
s
.
p
o
w
er
b
u
d
g
e
t f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
o
u
r
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
eq
u
a
l
to
th
e
w
ater
-
f
i
lli
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
eq
u
al
to
O(
L
N)
+
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N
lo
g
(
N)
)
,
o
u
r
s
u
b
o
p
tim
a
l
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o
r
it
h
m
h
as
t
h
e
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et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
th
a
n
t
h
e
w
ate
r
-
f
i
lli
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
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n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
o
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th
e
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n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
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g
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g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
O(
L
N)
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
h
as
th
e
b
est p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
it
h
as
h
ig
h
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
.
I
ts
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
is
e
q
u
al
to
O(
N3
)
.
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
lo
w
-
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
er
allo
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
i
n
OF
DM
-
ba
s
ed
C
R
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
p
o
w
er
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
th
at
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
b
y
SUT
o
n
P
UR
s
an
d
ch
a
n
n
e
l
p
o
w
er
g
ain
b
et
w
ee
n
SUT
-
S
UR
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
is
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
al
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
b
etter
th
an
w
ater
f
illi
n
g
an
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
lo
ad
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
i
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
i
s
w
o
r
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
A
d
a
p
tive
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
s
s
ig
n
men
t in
OF
DM
-
b
a
s
ed
co
g
n
itive
r
a
d
io
s
ystems
(
S
h
ir
in
R
a
z
mi
)
1943
th
an
t
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
it
is
les
s
th
a
n
an
o
p
ti
m
al
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
P
r
o
b
le
m
is
f
o
r
m
u
lated
s
u
c
h
th
at
w
e
ca
n
ca
lc
u
late
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
le
v
el
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
b
ased
o
n
allo
ca
ted
p
o
w
er
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
in
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
m
o
d
u
latio
n
le
v
el
a
n
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
ar
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
s
i
m
u
lta
n
eo
u
s
l
y
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
w
o
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
es,
s
e
p
ar
ately
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
MQ
A
M
an
d
MP
SK.
Si
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
i
n
d
icate
b
o
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ate
g
ies
h
av
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
s
a
m
e
r
esu
lts
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
S
.
K
a
n
g
a
n
d
R
.
V
ij
,
“
I
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
Ne
x
t
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
tw
o
rk
o
n
th
e
W
irel
e
ss
G
r
e
e
n
Eco
s
y
ste
m
th
ro
u
g
h
S
ig
n
a
l
a
n
d
In
terf
e
re
n
c
e
L
e
v
e
l
b
a
se
d
K
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
P
ro
b
a
b
i
li
ty
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s (
IJ
EE
I),
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
5
(
1
)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
A
.
S
.
Kh
o
b
ra
g
a
d
e
a
n
d
R.
D.
Ra
u
t
,
“
Hy
b
rid
S
p
e
c
tru
m
S
e
n
sin
g
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
i
o
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
5
)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
K.
S
o
n
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
P
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
OFDM
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
sy
st
e
m
s
u
n
d
e
r
o
u
tag
e
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s (
ICC)
,
Ca
p
e
T
o
wn
,
S
o
u
t
h
Af
ric
a
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
0
.
[4
]
A
.
Ka
r
m
o
k
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
Eff
icie
n
t
P
o
w
e
r
A
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
Us
in
g
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
li
stic
In
terf
e
r
e
n
c
e
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
OFDM
-
Ba
se
d
G
re
e
n
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
2
5
3
5
-
2
5
5
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
T
.
W
e
is
s,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
M
u
tu
a
l
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
in
OFDM
-
b
a
se
d
sp
e
c
tru
m
p
o
o
li
n
g
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
IEE
E
Veh
icu
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
3
–
1
8
7
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[6
]
R.
Kh
e
d
e
rz
a
d
e
h
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Re
so
u
rc
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
S
p
e
c
tru
m
S
h
a
rin
g
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
w
i
th
P
ro
b
a
b
il
ist
ic
In
terf
e
re
n
c
e
C
o
n
stra
in
ts,
”
T
h
e
2
2
n
d
Ir
a
n
i
a
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
trica
l
En
g
.
,
2
0
1
4
.
[7
]
L
.
M
u
sa
v
ian
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
M
o
d
u
latio
n
in
S
p
e
c
tru
m
-
S
h
a
ri
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
Un
d
e
r
De
lay
Qu
a
li
ty
-
of
-
S
e
r
v
ice
Co
n
stra
in
ts
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
v
e
h
icu
l
a
r
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
60
(
3
)
,
p
p
.
9
0
1
–
9
1
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[8
]
R.
Kh
e
d
e
rz
a
d
e
h
a
n
d
H.
F
a
rro
k
h
i,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
ra
te
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
tran
sm
is
sio
n
i
n
sp
e
c
tru
m
-
sh
a
rin
g
sy
ste
m
s
w
it
h
sta
ti
stica
l
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
c
o
n
str
a
in
t,
”
IET
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
8
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
8
7
0
-
8
7
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
K.
A
.
Qa
ra
q
e
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
A
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
Jo
in
t
Div
e
rsity
Co
m
b
in
in
g
,
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
,
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
c
h
e
m
e
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
o
n
c
o
mm
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
59
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
C.
Zh
a
o
a
n
d
K.
Kw
a
k
.
,
“
P
o
w
e
r/
Bit
lo
a
d
in
g
in
OFDM
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
w
it
h
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
in
ter
f
e
re
n
c
e
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
s: t
h
e
sin
g
le
-
S
U ca
se
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
Veh
icu
l
a
r T
e
c
h
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
59
(
4
)
,
p
p
.
1
9
1
0
-
1
9
2
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
G
.
Ba
n
sa
l,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
a
n
d
s
u
b
o
p
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
o
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s
f
o
r
OFDM
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
sy
ste
m
s,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
.
,
v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
7
(
11
)
,
p
p
.
4
7
1
0
-
4
7
1
8
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
2
]
R.
Kh
e
d
e
rz
a
d
e
h
a
n
d
H.
F
a
rro
k
h
i
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
a
n
d
S
u
b
o
p
t
im
a
l
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
A
l
g
o
rit
h
m
s
f
o
r
Ra
te
a
n
d
P
o
w
e
r
T
ra
n
s
m
is
sio
n
in
OFDM
-
Ba
se
d
C
o
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
S
y
ste
m
s,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s
&
El
e
c
tric
a
l
E
n
g
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
4
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
-
1
7
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
3
]
S.
T
.
Ch
u
n
g
a
n
d
A.
J.
G
o
ld
sm
it
h
,
“
De
g
re
e
s
o
f
f
re
e
d
o
m
in
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
:
a
u
n
if
ied
v
iew
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
, v
ol
/i
ss
u
e
:
49
(
9
)
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
1
-
1
5
7
1
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
4
]
G
.
Ba
n
sa
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
d
a
p
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
lo
a
d
i
n
g
f
o
r
OFDM
-
b
a
se
d
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
ra
d
io
sy
ste
m
s
w
it
h
sta
ti
stica
l
in
terf
e
re
n
c
e
c
o
n
stra
in
t,
”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
o
n
W
ire
les
s Co
mm
.
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
10
(
9
)
,
p
p
.
2
7
8
6
-
2
7
9
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.