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8
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S
FET
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
I
SF
E
T
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
s
u
b
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
s
w
in
g
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
g
ate
o
x
id
e
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
e
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Un
til
n
o
w
,
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
els
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
o
f
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
p
H
-
ch
a
n
g
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
i
n
I
SF
E
T
s
,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tial
in
th
e
ar
ea
,
a
n
d
in
t
h
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
Hel
m
h
o
ltz
d
o
u
b
le
la
y
er
(
D
L
)
.
L
o
u
i
s
Geo
r
g
es
Go
u
y
i
n
1
9
1
0
,
an
d
Dav
id
L
eo
n
ar
d
C
h
a
p
m
an
i
n
1
9
1
3
,
to
g
eth
er
n
o
ticed
th
a
t
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
w
a
s
n
o
t
a
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
b
u
t
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
th
e
ap
p
lied
p
o
t
en
tial
an
d
th
e
io
n
ic
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
e
Go
u
y
-
C
h
a
p
m
a
n
m
o
d
el
m
ad
e
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
an
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
d
if
f
u
s
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
D
L
.
I
n
t
h
is
m
o
d
el,
“
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
io
n
s
as
a
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
etal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
allo
ws
Ma
x
w
ell
–
B
o
ltz
m
a
n
n
s
tati
s
tics
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
”.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
elec
t
r
ic
p
o
ten
tial
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
ex
p
o
n
en
tiall
y
at
d
is
ta
n
ce
s
f
u
r
t
h
er
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
f
lu
id
b
u
lk
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
a
n
m
o
d
el
f
ail
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
l
y
ch
ar
g
ed
DL
s
.
I
n
1
9
2
4
,
Otto
Ster
n
s
u
g
g
es
ted
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
Hel
m
h
o
ltz
m
o
d
el
w
ith
t
h
e
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
a
n
m
o
d
el:
I
n
Ster
n
'
s
m
o
d
el,
s
o
m
e
io
n
s
a
d
h
er
e
to
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
as
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Hel
m
h
o
l
tz,
g
i
v
in
g
an
in
ter
n
al
Ster
n
la
y
er
,
w
h
ile
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
a
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
a
n
d
i
f
f
u
s
e
la
y
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
c
h
e
m
a
tic
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
d
o
u
b
le
la
y
er
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
d
escr
ib
in
g
(
a)
t
h
e
Hel
m
h
o
ltz
m
o
d
el,
(
b
)
th
e
Go
u
y
–
C
h
ap
m
an
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
(
c)
th
e
Go
u
y
–
C
h
ap
m
a
n
–
Ster
n
m
o
d
el.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
SF
E
T
DL
’
s
m
o
d
el
s
[
16]
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
esen
t
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
id
en
ti
f
ica
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
p
H
-
s
e
n
s
itiv
it
y
in
s
u
l
ato
r
la
y
er
m
ater
ial
(
Ster
n
L
a
y
er
)
b
ased
o
n
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
s
e
n
s
it
i
v
it
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
.
T
h
e
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
a
n
a
n
d
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
an
-
Ster
n
m
o
d
els
w
er
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
S
ite
-
b
i
n
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
tate
d
w
o
r
k
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
o
d
els
w
ill
allo
w
f
o
r
a
h
ig
h
er
s
en
s
it
iv
i
t
y
u
s
in
g
m
ater
ia
l
t
h
at
is
m
o
r
e
r
esis
ta
n
t
to
ch
an
g
es
i
n
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
p
H
f
o
r
I
SF
E
T
in
s
u
lato
r
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
es,
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
id
en
ti
f
ic
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
p
ac
ita
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
Ster
n
la
y
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
b
elo
w
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
in
s
u
lato
r
/elec
tr
o
l
y
te
/s
e
m
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
I
SF
E
T
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
es
en
t
t
h
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
a
n
d
it
s
v
a
lid
atio
n
w
it
h
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
e
al
d
ata
as
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
Sectio
n
2
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
r
esu
lt a
n
d
a
d
is
c
u
s
s
io
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
I
S
FET
s
en
s
i
ti
v
it
y
o
f
f
o
u
r
h
ig
h
-
k
m
ater
ials
.
A
re
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
Sectio
n
3
.
Mo
d
el
li
m
itat
io
n
s
ar
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
Sectio
n
4
an
d
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
is
ed
in
Sectio
n
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
9
2
6
-
9
3
3
928
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
SF
E
T
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
b
ase
d
o
n
(
a)
C
h
ap
m
an
m
o
d
el
(
b
)
Go
u
y
-
c
h
ap
m
a
n
-
s
ter
n
m
o
d
el
2.
I
SFE
T
M
O
DE
L
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
I
SFET
m
o
delli
ng
T
h
e
I
SF
E
T
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
an
y
y
ea
r
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
H
v
al
u
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
o
r
ig
i
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
an
I
SF
E
T
,
th
e
g
ate
o
x
id
e
is
in
d
ir
ec
t
co
n
tact
w
it
h
th
e
el
ec
tr
o
l
y
t
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
,
ac
tin
g
as
a
s
en
s
in
g
d
ielec
tr
ic.
T
h
e
Ster
n
la
y
e
r
is
a
m
o
d
if
ied
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
I
SF
E
T
in
w
h
ic
h
th
e
s
en
s
in
g
la
y
er
i
s
s
ep
ar
ated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
ate
o
x
id
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
an
ex
ten
d
ed
co
n
d
u
cti
v
e
la
y
er
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
b
af
ter
t
h
e
g
ate
o
x
id
e
is
co
v
er
ed
b
y
th
e
elec
t
r
o
ly
te
s
o
l
u
tio
n
,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
o
r
ex
ten
d
ed
ef
f
icac
y
i
n
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
i
n
g
g
ate,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
en
tire
s
en
s
o
r
,
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
d
esig
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
t
h
at
g
r
ea
tl
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
b
e
h
av
io
u
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
,
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
ex
i
s
te
n
ce
o
f
p
ar
asit
ic
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
w
h
ic
h
d
eg
r
ad
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
e
b
u
ild
-
u
p
o
f
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
d
u
e
to
p
r
o
to
n
atio
n
/d
ep
r
o
to
n
atio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
s
i
n
d
u
ce
s
a
p
o
ten
tial
at
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
co
u
p
lin
g
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
F
lo
atin
g
Gate
(
F
G)
,
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tial
(
ψo
)
m
o
d
u
late
s
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
o
f
t
h
e
FG,
a
n
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
er
e
w
ill
b
e
a
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
h
if
t
i
n
t
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
(
VT
)
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Sit
e
-
b
i
n
d
in
g
m
o
d
el,
th
e
c
h
ar
g
e
d
en
s
it
y
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
[
2
4
]
:
(
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e;
is
th
e
H+
ac
tiv
it
y
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
(
)
;
q
is
th
e
elem
e
n
tar
y
ch
ar
g
e;
Nsi
l
i
s
th
e
d
en
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
s
ites
a
n
d
Ka;
Kb
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
t
h
e
i
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
d
i
s
s
o
ciatio
n
co
n
s
tan
ts
,
an
d
t
h
e
N
s
il,
Ka
an
d
Kb
,
ar
e
o
x
id
e
lay
er
d
ep
en
d
en
t.
B
ased
o
n
“
ch
ar
g
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
”,
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
s
i
d
e
o
f
a
d
o
u
b
le
la
y
er
(
σ
D
L
)
i
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
alu
e,
b
u
t
is
a
n
e
g
ati
v
e
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
ch
ar
g
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
t
eg
r
al
d
o
u
b
le
lay
er
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
C
i)
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
f
a
ce
p
o
ten
tial [
2
3
]
:
(
2
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
y
s
o
lv
i
n
g
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
,
w
e
ca
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
e
latio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
an
d
ψo
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
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d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
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el
f
o
r
th
e
H+
io
n
s
[
8
]
,
[
2
3
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,
[
2
4
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,
th
e
p
H
v
alu
e
at
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
i
s
[
8
]
:
(
3
)
T
an
d
k
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
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ab
s
o
lu
t
e
te
m
p
er
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ta
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ip
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esp
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V
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Back
Si
d
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Back
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Gate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
id
en
tifi
ca
tio
n
o
f sen
s
itive
a
n
d
s
ta
b
le
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s
fet
s
en
s
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g
la
ye
r
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ig
h
-
k
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A
h
med
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a
r
)
929
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
la
y
er
.
I
n
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
)
,
th
e
i
n
tr
in
s
ic
b
u
f
f
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
βi
n
t)
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
co
llect
a
ch
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g
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at
th
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en
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r
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u
e
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e
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
H
(
p
Hs)[
8
]
:
(
4
)
T
h
e
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
(
C
d
i
f
f
)
is
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
c
h
ar
g
e
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th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
n
ea
r
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e,
d
u
e
to
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tia
l [
8
]
:
(
5
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
w
e
ca
n
w
r
ite:
(
6
)
Dif
f
er
en
t
iati
n
g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
3
)
w
it
h
r
es
p
ec
t
to
th
e
b
u
lk
p
H,
an
d
u
s
in
g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
6
)
,
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tia
l
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
to
th
e
p
HB
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
as
[
9
]
.
(
)
(
7
)
W
ith
,
(
8
)
Her
e,
α
is
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
s
en
s
iti
v
i
t
y
(
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
les
s
p
ar
a
m
eter
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
at
t
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
th
e
co
r
r
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o
n
d
in
g
c
h
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n
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
th
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
to
th
e
b
u
l
k
p
H
ar
e
li
m
ited
to
5
9
.
3
m
V/p
H
(
Ner
n
s
t l
i
m
it).
I
n
t
h
e
S
ter
n
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
u
s
io
n
la
y
er
p
o
ten
tial
ψo
(
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ca
l
cu
latio
n
s
)
an
d
th
e
Ster
n
p
o
ten
tial ψ
s
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
er
m
it
tiv
it
y
o
f
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
an
d
it
r
elativ
e
p
er
m
i
tti
v
it
y
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
l
y
;
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
io
n
i
n
th
e
b
u
l
k
,
z
is
th
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
o
n
t
h
e
io
n
s
a
n
d
r
ep
r
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ts
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
al
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
Ste
r
n
la
y
er
.
2
.
2
.
Va
lid
a
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
m
o
del
W
ith
t
h
e
a
i
m
o
f
ch
ec
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
alid
it
y
o
f
o
u
r
m
o
d
el,
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
o
f
th
e
Ster
n
la
y
er
,
an
d
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
teg
r
al
ca
p
ac
ities
,
w
e
ex
t
r
ac
ted
th
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
r
esp
o
n
s
es
v
er
s
u
s
t
h
e
p
HB
c
u
r
v
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es r
ep
o
r
ted
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
an
d
ad
ap
ted
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
ea
l d
ata
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
r
es
u
lts
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
(
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
an
)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
o
f
Sio
2
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
p
HB
at
an
0
.
1
elec
tr
o
ly
te
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
t
h
e
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
an
m
o
d
el.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
,
th
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
lie
s
b
et
w
ee
n
p
H
6
.
5
to
p
H
8
.
T
h
e
lo
w
e
s
t se
n
s
iti
v
it
y
u
p
to
ze
r
o
c
h
ar
g
e
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
(
p
H=
2
)
d
u
e
to
a
lo
w
B
in
t.
A
s
s
h
o
w
n
,
p
er
h
ap
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
er
io
u
s
d
is
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
r
o
ll
-
o
f
f
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
H
b
ec
o
m
es
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
p
H=
1
0
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
ea
r
lier
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
,
n
o
r
o
ll
-
o
f
f
o
f
t
h
e
Ster
n
m
o
d
el
w
a
s
d
etec
ted
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
w
ill
d
o
u
b
tles
s
b
e
m
u
c
h
s
cr
u
ti
n
is
ed
,
b
u
t
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
to
tal
s
en
s
i
tiv
it
y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
b
.
W
h
at
ca
n
b
e
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
i
n
th
is
c
h
ar
t
i
s
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
r
ate
o
f
s
en
s
it
iv
i
t
y
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
th
e
Ster
n
m
o
d
el
-
clo
s
er
to
t
h
e
Ner
n
s
t
lev
el.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
i
s
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
ea
l
d
ata
w
it
h
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
t
wo
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
Sio
2
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
d
ata
is
s
li
g
h
t
l
y
h
ig
h
er
th
an
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
s
e
n
s
it
iv
i
t
y
r
esu
lts
.
A
Go
u
y
-
C
h
ap
m
an
-
Ster
n
m
o
d
el
w
i
th
0
.
2
C
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
a
b
etter
f
it
w
it
h
r
ea
l d
ata.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
:
9
2
6
-
9
3
3
930
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l a
n
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
s
e
n
s
it
iv
it
ies
o
f
I
S
FE
T
:
(
a
)
Sio
2
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
f
o
r
t
w
o
m
o
d
el
s
,
an
d
(
b
)
T
o
tal
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
m
o
d
e
ls
co
m
p
ar
in
g
w
it
h
Ner
n
s
t
li
m
it
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
l
an
d
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
to
tal
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
o
f
a
S
iO2
Fro
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
,
w
e
ca
n
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
at
t
h
e
Ster
n
la
y
er
w
ith
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
en
d
g
o
al
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
ce
to
r
ep
licate
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
at
h
i
g
h
p
H.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
at
w
h
e
n
th
e
c
atio
n
s
co
llect
at
t
h
e
b
ase
s
ep
ar
atio
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ie
lectr
ic/elec
tr
o
l
y
te
in
ter
f
ac
e,
a
v
o
lta
g
e
d
r
o
p
is
cr
ea
te
d
o
v
e
r
th
e
Ster
n
la
y
er
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
i
n
h
ig
h
p
H
b
u
lk
,
i
n
s
tead
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
a
S
ter
n
la
y
er
,
elec
tr
o
l
y
te
io
n
s
w
i
l
l
co
v
er
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
ca
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
es
h
o
ld
v
o
lta
g
e
w
ea
k
n
es
s
an
d
a
r
o
ll
-
o
f
f
w
h
en
th
e
p
H
is
h
i
g
h
er
t
h
an
p
H=
1
0
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
ad
ap
ted
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
n
ex
t
p
ar
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
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v
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
f
iv
e
co
m
m
o
n
m
a
ter
ials
i
n
u
s
e
i
n
m
icr
o
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
s
(
A
l2
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,
T
a2
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,
Hf
o
2
,
Z
r
o
2
a
n
d
SN2
O3
)
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
m
e
th
o
d
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
t
h
e
Ster
n
m
o
d
el
a
f
f
o
r
d
s
ex
ce
lle
n
t
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
w
it
h
ex
p
er
im
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l
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ata.
Mo
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er
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th
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el
s
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o
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e
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m
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le
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th
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r
t
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m
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ar
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ater
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s
co
m
m
o
n
in
m
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o
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tr
o
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ic
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s
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A
l2
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,
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,
Hf
o
2
,
Z
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2
an
d
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)
.
An
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i
tial
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t
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ig
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p
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-
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s
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tiv
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u
lato
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m
ater
ial
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
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r
f
ac
e
p
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e
n
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iti
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p
ar
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m
eter
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ter
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g
f
i
n
d
in
g
w
a
s
ex
a
m
i
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n
g
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
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N:
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r
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g
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r
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5
s
h
o
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s
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ce
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T
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Z
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ch
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o
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ater
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5
2
V
co
m
p
ar
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with
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ater
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d
H
f
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2
r
ev
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s
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ac
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r
esp
o
n
s
e
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p
H
b
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lk
c
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n
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e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
o
t
en
tial
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s
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s
p
H
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elatio
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ip
T
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r
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w
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ld
h
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v
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o
f
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m
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t
i
m
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t
v
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s
.
T
h
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n
r
e
m
o
v
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u
b
t
ab
o
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t
w
h
ic
h
m
ater
ial
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
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t
s
en
s
iti
v
it
y
.
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h
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o
r
e,
th
e
ca
l
cu
latio
n
s
o
f
p
H
-
c
h
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g
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n
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it
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ater
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ased
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o
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n
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n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
.
Fo
r
m
o
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v
alid
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n
,
r
ea
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ex
p
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ata
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f
r
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m
e
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g
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r
e
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co
m
p
ar
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w
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t
h
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o
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ca
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s
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h
e
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x
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im
e
n
tal
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ata
f
o
r
A
l2
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a
n
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T
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w
as
co
ll
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ted
f
r
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m
[
9
]
,
H
f
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2
f
r
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m
[
1
5
]
,
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f
r
o
m
[
1
2
]
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d
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r
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[
1
0
]
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h
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ig
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r
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4
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ir
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at
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s
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(
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s
t
L
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it).
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to
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h
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ied
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atel
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2
m
V
/p
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T
h
e
last
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n
e
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t
h
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lt
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p
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o
r
t p
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n
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o
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Fig
u
r
e
6.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l sen
s
iti
v
itie
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
I
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2
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h
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b
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tial
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o
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Ster
n
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y
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h
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last
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h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
is
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a
m
in
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t
h
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s
u
r
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e
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o
ten
t
ial
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tab
ilit
y
o
f
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a2
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ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
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y
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ce
n
tr
atio
n
ch
a
n
g
e,
u
s
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g
E
q
u
atio
n
(
9
)
.
T
h
r
ee
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tr
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tr
atio
n
s
,
1
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M,
1
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m
M
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d
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M,
w
er
e
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s
ed
.
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h
e
r
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lt
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as
s
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o
w
n
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
7
,
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
r
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o
n
s
e
o
f
s
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ac
e
p
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ten
tial
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lated
b
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I
SF
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T
m
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litt
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p
ac
t b
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d
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o
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f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t c
o
n
ce
n
tr
at
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.
Fig
u
r
e
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r
f
ac
e
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t
ial
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2
O
5
I
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in
(
A
)
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M,
(
B
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m
M
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C
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m
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CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
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tu
d
y
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et
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ti
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n
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h
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g
h
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ater
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to
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ased
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ar
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as
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d
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tr
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ater
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R
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Gr
an
t:
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0
2
9
9
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
:
[1
]
A
.
Bra
to
v
,
N.
A
b
ra
m
o
v
a
,
a
n
d
C.
Do
m
ín
g
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e
z
,
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In
v
e
stig
a
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o
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sit
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m
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le f
o
r
m
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d
ica
l
a
p
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c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
A
n
a
l
.
Ch
im
.
A
c
ta,
v
o
l.
5
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
9
–
1
0
6
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
]
C.
S
.
L
e
e
,
S
.
K
y
u
Ki
m
,
a
n
d
M
.
Kim
,
“
Io
n
-
se
n
siti
v
e
f
ield
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e
ffe
c
t
t
ra
n
sisto
r
f
o
r
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g
ica
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se
n
sin
g
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
1
1
1
–
7
1
3
1
,
2
0
0
9
.
[3
]
T
.
S
a
k
u
ra
i
a
n
d
Y.
Hu
sim
i,
“
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
M
o
n
it
o
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a
M
icro
IS
F
ET
p
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so
r,
”
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l
.
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7
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p
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1
9
9
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–
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9
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1
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9
2
.
[4
]
A
.
M
.
Din
a
r,
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.
S
.
M
.
Zai
n
,
a
n
d
F
.
S
a
leh
u
d
d
i
n
,
“
CM
OS
IS
F
ET
d
e
v
ice
f
o
r
DN
A
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
in
g
:
De
v
ice
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
Re
q
u
i
re
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s,”
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
1
5
–
1
1
0
2
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
A
.
M
.
Din
a
r,
A
.
S
.
M
.
Zain
,
a
n
d
F
.
S
a
leh
u
d
d
i
n
,
“
Util
izin
g
o
f
Cm
o
s
Is
f
e
t
S
e
n
so
rs
i
n
Dn
a
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
De
tec
ti
o
n
:
A
S
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
Re
v
ie
w
”
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
5
6
9
–
5
8
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
P
.
Be
rg
v
e
ld
,
“
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
io
n
-
se
n
siti
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e
f
ield
-
e
ff
e
c
t
tran
sisto
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a
s
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
e
lec
tro
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
y
.
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Bio
m
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d
.
En
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
9
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o
.
5
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p
p
.
3
4
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–
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5
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,
1
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7
2
.
[7
]
M.
-
N.
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u
,
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.
-
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Di
n
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a
n
d
Q.
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,
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teristics
o
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i3
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4
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te
pH
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IS
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ET
s,”
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e
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rs
Act
u
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t
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rs
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Ch
e
m
.
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v
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l
.
3
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o
.
1
–
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
–
1
7
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1
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9
6
.
[8
]
S
.
Ch
e
n
,
J.
G
.
Bo
m
e
r,
E.
T
.
Ca
rl
e
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
a
n
De
n
Be
rg
,
“
A
l2
O3
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ico
n
n
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n
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S
F
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w
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h
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sp
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tt
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,
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1
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p
p
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3
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2
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.
[9
]
R.
E.
G
.
V
a
n
Ha
l,
J.
C.
T
.
Ei
jk
e
l,
a
n
d
P
.
Be
rg
v
e
ld
,
“
A
g
e
n
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ra
l
m
o
d
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l
to
d
e
sc
rib
e
t
h
e
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ti
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ti
a
l
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tro
ly
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e
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x
id
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in
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s,”
Ad
v
.
Co
ll
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.
,
v
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l.
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.
1
–
3
,
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p
.
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–
6
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,
1
9
9
6
.
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D.
L
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Ha
ra
m
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.
J.
Bo
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ss
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,
J.
D.
S
h
o
t
t,
a
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d
J.
D.
M
e
in
d
l,
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Io
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g
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EE
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lec
tro
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v
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1
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D.
-
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Kw
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n
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-
W
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Ch
o
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-
S
.
Kim
,
a
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-
K.
S
o
h
n
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ig
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se
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ET
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rs
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u
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.
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[1
2
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T
.
Ak
i
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m
a
,
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Ujih
ira,
Y.
Ok
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b
e
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.
S
u
g
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o
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a
n
d
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Nik
i,
“
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n
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[1
3
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H.
R.
T
h
a
k
u
r,
G
.
Ke
sh
wa
n
i,
J.
C.
Du
tt
a
,
a
n
d
C.
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
“
S
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f
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rb
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stig
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,
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p
.
1
3
7
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4
2
,
2
0
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7
.
[1
4
]
V
.
Ja
n
k
o
v
ic
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n
d
J.
P
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
“
Hf
O2
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ZrO2
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Ba
se
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icro
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ica
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ield
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ra
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e
n
so
rs:
S
im
u
latio
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&
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p
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t,
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.
El
e
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tro
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.
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5
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.
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,
“
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t
tran
sisto
rs,”
AC
S
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o
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l.
6
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1
0
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p
p
.
9
2
9
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–
9
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8
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2
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1
2
.
[1
6
]
W
.
Hu
a
n
g
,
A
.
K.
Dia
ll
o
,
J.
L
.
Da
il
e
y
,
K.
B
e
sa
r,
a
n
d
H.
E
.
Ka
tz,
“
El
e
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se
n
so
rs f
o
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,
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.
M
a
ter
.
Ch
e
m
.
C,
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3
,
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.
2
5
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p
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6
4
4
5
–
6
4
7
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
P
.
Be
rg
v
e
ld
,
“
S
h
o
r
t
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s:
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
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t
o
f
a
n
Io
n
-
S
e
n
s
it
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S
o
li
d
-
S
tate
De
v
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f
o
r
Ne
u
ro
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
ica
l
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Bi
o
me
d
.
En
g
.
,
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l.
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E
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.
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p
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7
0
–
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1
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7
0
.
[1
8
]
P
.
Be
rg
v
e
ld
,
“
T
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a
rs o
f
IS
F
ET
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L
O
G
Y,”
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e
n
so
rs
Actu
a
t
o
rs
B
Ch
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m
.
,
v
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.
8
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1
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p
p
.
1
–
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0
,
2
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0
3
.
[1
9
]
M
.
W
.
S
.
R.
S
.
Co
b
b
o
ld
,
“
Ba
sic
P
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s
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EIec
tro
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te
-
S
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2
-
S
i
S
y
st
e
m
:,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
El
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c
tr
o
n
De
v
ice
s,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
5
–
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8
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5
,
1
9
7
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.
[2
0
]
D.
M
.
W
il
so
n
,
S
.
Ho
y
t,
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Ja
n
a
t
a
,
K.
Bo
o
k
sh
,
a
n
d
L
.
Ob
a
n
d
o
,
“
Ch
e
m
i
c
a
l
s
e
n
so
rs
f
o
r
p
o
rtab
le,
h
a
n
d
h
e
ld
f
ield
in
stru
m
e
n
ts,
”
IEE
E
S
e
n
s.
J
.
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
–
2
7
4
,
2
0
0
1
.
[2
1
]
P
.
Ku
rz
w
e
il
,
M
e
tal
o
x
id
e
s
a
n
d
io
n
-
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
in
g
su
rf
a
c
e
s
a
s
p
H
se
n
so
rs
in
li
q
u
id
s:
S
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
rt
a
n
d
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tl
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k
,
v
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l
.
9
,
n
o
.
6
.
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
B.
Ch
e
n
,
A
.
P
a
ra
sh
a
r,
a
n
d
S
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
,
“
F
o
ld
e
d
f
lo
a
ti
n
g
-
g
a
te
CM
OS
b
io
se
n
s
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r
f
o
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th
e
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
c
h
a
rg
e
d
b
io
c
h
e
m
ica
l
m
o
lec
u
les
,
”
IEE
E
S
e
n
s
.
J.,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
0
6
–
2
9
1
0
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
3
]
L
.
L
.
Ch
i,
J.
C.
C
h
o
u
,
W
.
Y.
C
h
u
n
g
,
T
.
P
.
S
u
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Hs
iu
n
g
,
“
S
tu
d
y
o
n
e
x
ten
d
e
d
g
a
te
f
ield
e
ffe
c
t
tran
sisto
r
w
it
h
ti
n
o
x
i
d
e
se
n
sin
g
m
e
m
b
ra
n
e
,
”
M
a
ter
.
Ch
e
m.
Ph
y
s
.
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
9
–
2
3
,
2
0
0
0
.
[2
4
]
W
.
He
a
l
y
,
D.
E.
Ya
tes
,
a
n
d
S
.
L
e
v
in
e
,
“
S
it
e
-
b
in
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Do
u
b
le
L
a
y
e
r
a
t
th
e
Ox
id
e
/
W
a
ter
In
terf
a
c
e
,
”
T
ra
n
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[2
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