Internati
o
nal
Journal of Ele
c
trical
and Computer
Engineering
(IJE
CE)
V
o
l.
5, N
o
. 4
,
A
ugu
st
2015
, pp
. 68
5
~
69
4
I
S
SN
: 208
8-8
7
0
8
6
85
Jo
urn
a
l
h
o
me
pa
ge
: h
ttp
://iaesjo
u
r
na
l.com/
o
n
lin
e/ind
e
x.ph
p
/
IJECE
Real Ti
me Dom
e
sti
c
Power Co
nsumption Monitoring using
Wireless Sensor
Network
s
Venk
at
sam
p
a
t
h Ra
j
a
G
o
gi
n
e
ni
,
K
a
l
y
an M
a
tc
ha
,
R
a
gh
av
a Ra
o K
Dept. of
Electro
n
ics and
Com
puters, K
L Univ
ersity
, India
Article Info
A
B
STRAC
T
Article histo
r
y:
Received
Mar 27, 2015
Rev
i
sed
Ap
r
18
, 20
15
Accepted
May 15, 2015
This paper sub
s
umes th
e implementation of
automation
in tracking
the
electrical
consumption data of
house
hold s
y
stems over the network (WEB).
This cou
l
d sub-
sequentially
cut dow
n the manual work
involved in
th
e
proces
s
of co
ll
ect
ing no: o
f
u
n
its
cons
um
ed
from
each hou
s
e
, th
ere
b
y
avoiding th
e manual costs and
errors
b
y
building an automatic network
acc
ess. Th
e inst
all
a
tion o
f
this
s
y
stem
is qui
te
an e
a
s
y
task,
which do n
o
t
need m
u
ch har
d
ware work. Th
e ke
y
el
em
ents
that m
a
ke this
s
y
s
t
em
are
Current sensor
and Voltage sensor inte
r
f
aced to
an Arduino board
(A General
Purpose Micro
Controller
board
) with an
Eth
e
rn
et shield and
a
WIFI Router
for transm
ission of data wireles
s
l
y
to the server for storing consumption
values into the
datab
a
se.
Hostin
g
web
pag
e
s with the data
base connectivity
will m
a
ke
the
adm
i
nistra
tor
genera
te
el
ectr
i
cit
y
b
ill
au
tom
a
ti
cal
l
y
th
at
faci
lit
ates
us
er’s
to vi
ew and
pa
y
his
el
ectr
i
c
i
t
y
b
i
l
l
onlin
e.
Keyword:
Electricity
Energy m
e
ter
Net
w
or
ki
n
g
Po
wer co
ns
um
pt
i
o
n
Sens
or
Net
w
o
r
ks
Copyright ©
201
5 Institut
e
o
f
Ad
vanced
Engin
eer
ing and S
c
i
e
nce.
All rights re
se
rve
d
.
Co
rresp
ond
i
ng
Autho
r
:
Ven
k
at
sam
p
at
h
R
a
ja Go
gi
ne
ni
,
Depa
rt
em
ent
of El
ect
r
oni
cs
a
n
d
C
o
m
put
er
E
ngi
neeri
n
g
,
KL Uni
v
er
sity
,
An
d
h
ra
Pra
d
es
h,
G
unt
ur
.
Em
a
il: sa
m
p
at
h
.
g
o
g
i
n
e
n
i
@gmail.co
m
1.
INTRODUCTION
In
di
a bei
n
g t
h
e
secon
d
m
o
st
p
o
p
u
l
o
us co
u
n
t
r
y
i
n
t
h
e worl
d
havi
ng m
o
re t
h
an 5
0
m
i
l
l
i
on ho
use
h
ol
d
s
with electric c
o
nnections,
where eve
r
y
en
erg
y
m
e
ter is read
m
a
n
u
a
lly an
d
th
e
d
a
ta is co
llected
to
the
n
earest
electrical substation, the bills get
gene
rated
and the
billing syste
m
is
done
m
a
nually. The accuracy and the
m
a
nual
co
st
s
have
bec
o
m
e
a m
a
jor i
s
s
u
e f
o
r el
ect
ri
c
a
l
depa
rt
m
e
nts.
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
dva
ncem
ent
s
i
n
t
h
e
com
m
uni
cat
i
on,
net
w
or
ki
n
g
and
we
b t
ech
n
o
l
o
gy
t
h
ere i
s
a nee
d
t
o
i
m
plem
ent
an aut
o
m
a
t
i
c
sy
st
em
whi
c
h
wo
ul
d
cut
d
o
w
n t
h
e
m
a
nual
c
o
st
s, e
r
r
o
rs a
n
d t
h
e
di
scre
pa
nci
e
s i
n
t
h
e
m
a
nual
sy
st
em
of
pay
i
ng
t
h
e
bi
l
l
,
t
h
e
ot
he
r se
vere
p
r
obl
em
t
h
at
nee
d
s t
o
ove
rcom
e t
h
r
o
ug
h t
h
e t
e
chn
o
l
o
gy
i
s
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
re
cor
d
of
dat
a
u
n
i
t
by
uni
t
,
a
d
vance
m
ent
s
i
n
DB
M
S
co
ul
d m
a
ke t
h
i
s
p
o
ssi
bl
e
at a chea
per cost. T
h
e
r
e
have
been
a lot
of issues
whe
n
a
n
el
ect
r
i
c
m
e
t
e
r st
ops
w
o
r
k
i
n
g at
t
h
e m
i
ddl
e o
f
t
h
e m
ont
h, acc
o
r
di
ng t
o
t
h
e
p
r
ovi
si
onal
sy
st
e
m
t
h
e
meter gets re
placed
with the
worki
n
g one a
n
d arises a
n
a
m
biguity of finding the
units consum
ed for t
hos
e
15
day
s
as t
h
ere
w
oul
d
be
no
rec
o
r
d
i
n
gs.
There
ha
s b
e
e
n
qui
t
e
a
reas
ona
bl
e am
ount
of
resea
r
c
h
w
o
r
k
i
n
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g a
net
w
or
ki
n
g
sy
st
em
to
el
ect
ri
c m
e
t
e
r l
i
k
e p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
net
w
o
r
ki
ng
t
h
r
o
ug
h zi
g-
be
e m
odul
e
[1]
,
GSM
m
o
d
u
l
e
[2]
or
R
F
I
D
[
3
]
ha
d
b
eco
m
e
a co
stlier task
with
a
g
r
eater m
a
in
te
n
a
n
c
e. My syst
e
m
is n
early similar to
th
is,
wh
ere th
e d
a
ta is sen
t
to
th
e d
a
tab
a
se [4
] bu
t th
ere co
u
l
d
b
e
th
e d
a
ta lo
ss or th
e p
a
ck
et lo
ss if th
ere wou
l
d
b
e
a
j
a
mme
r o
r
a
disconnection, and
t
h
e
sensor node w
ith the t
r
ans-recei
ver is a costlier t
echnol
ogy to im
ple
m
ent and the
range
is also
q
u
ite limited
.
Prep
ai
d en
erg
y
m
e
ters [5
] h
a
d
also
b
een
p
r
op
osed b
e
fo
re, bu
t this syste
m
is n
o
t
well
sui
t
e
d f
o
r h
o
u
s
e
hol
d sy
st
em
s
as t
h
e usa
g
e
do
not
rem
a
i
n
constant and the c
o
nnections are
perm
anent.
Ke
eping
i
n
m
i
nd t
h
e ec
on
om
i
c
vi
ew and t
h
e c
onse
q
uence
s
o
f
dat
a
l
o
ss,
we
have
im
pl
em
ent
e
d t
h
e sy
st
em
wi
th t
h
e
main
fo
cu
s
on
th
e storag
e, secu
rity and
t
h
e tran
sm
it
tin
g
d
a
ta wirelessly.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 4
,
Au
gu
st 2
015
:
68
5
–
69
4
68
6
Thi
s
sy
st
em
uses se
nso
r
s
f
o
r m
easuri
n
g c
u
r
r
ent
an
d
v
o
l
t
a
ge.
A
ge
nera
l
p
u
r
pos
e m
i
cro-c
o
nt
rol
l
e
r
boa
rd (Ardui
no UNO) calculates the electrical param
e
te
r
s
, Ethe
rnet s
h
ield with a
n
SD card and a
WIFI
R
out
er
i
s
used
fo
r
of
fl
i
n
e st
or
age a
n
d
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
on
o
f
dat
a
wi
rel
e
ssl
y
t
o
t
h
e se
rve
r
(data
b
ase) which could
be
u
s
ed
to
no
tify th
e co
nsu
m
p
tio
n
info
rm
atio
n
to
th
e u
s
er thro
ugh
th
e in
tern
et an
d
th
e
b
ill can
b
e
p
a
id
o
n
lin
e.
2.
R
E
SEARC
H M
ETHOD
Fi
gu
re 1
re
pres
ent
s
t
h
e bl
oc
k di
ag
ram
of t
h
e sy
st
em
architecture, t
o
the le
ft represe
n
ts the hardwa
re
th
at is to
b
e
in
stalled
in
each
ho
use .Rep
eater o
r
si
g
n
a
l
b
o
o
s
ter carry’s th
e wireless sig
n
a
l to
th
e
nearest
electrical subst
a
tion.
To the
ri
ght
re
prese
n
ts t
h
e se
rv
er
with
th
e d
a
tab
a
se i
n
th
e electrical su
b
s
tation
.
Fi
gu
re 1.
B
l
oc
k Di
ag
ram
a.
Genera
l Descriptio
n
Th
e
preli
m
in
ary go
al in
g
e
neratin
g an electricity
b
ill is to
calcu
late
no
: of
un
its con
s
u
m
ed
.
Th
is
depe
n
d
s
o
n
t
h
r
ee pa
ram
e
t
e
rs.
Cu
rren
t
Vo
ltag
e
Tim
e
Po
wer =
V
o
l
t
a
ge
* C
u
r
r
ent
Ener
gy
= Po
w
e
r *
Ti
m
e
W
i
t
h
the
s
e
bas
i
c form
ulae, we can calc
u
late
consum
ption i
n
units.
Current ca
n
be
measured using CT
Sensor
Voltage
can be
m
easured
using
AC Ada
p
tor
Tim
e
can be
ca
lculated
using
clo
c
k
ci
rcu
it in th
e
Ardu
ino
.
b.
Current Sens
or
M
easuri
ng t
h
e
al
t
e
rnat
i
ng cu
rre
nt
so
urce i
s
not
an
easy task,
very fe
w devices are available for
m
easuring a great am
ount of load. Cu
rre
nt Trans
f
orm
e
r (CT) sens
ors of s
p
lit core are
one such
opti
on
whe
r
e
we can easily clip on to a phase wire a
nd
m
easure cu
rren
t
p
r
op
ortionally th
at can
b
e
calib
rated
throug
h
soft
ware
.
A cu
rren
t transform
e
r co
n
s
ists o
f
a p
r
im
ary co
il,
m
a
gnetic core and a seconda
ry coil, alternating
cu
rren
t
flowing
in
th
e
p
r
im
ary co
il p
r
odu
ces
m
a
g
n
e
tic fi
eld wh
ich
ind
u
ces cu
rren
t
p
r
o
portio
n
a
l to
th
e
p
r
i
m
ary
co
il in
th
e seco
nd
ary co
il. Th
is curren
t
tran
sfo
r
m
e
r is
in
stalled
b
y
clip
p
i
ng
eith
er th
e liv
e o
r
n
e
u
t
ral wire
com
i
ng into the electric
m
e
ter with
the CT, whe
n
incase
bot
h the wi
res
ar
e clippe
d then the current
s
get
can
celled
as they flo
w
in
o
ppo
site d
i
rection
s
. For th
is
application system
s
a typical
C
T
trans
f
orm
e
r of
m
odel
no
SC
T
-
0
0
-
1
3
i
s
use
d
whi
c
h c
a
n m
easure a l
o
ad
o
f
1
0
0
A
m
a
de
pr
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
5
0
m
A
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISS
N
:
2088-8708
Real
Ti
me Do
mest
i
c
Pow
e
r
C
ons
u
m
pt
i
o
n Mo
ni
t
o
ri
n
g
usi
n
g
Wi
rel
e
ss Se
nso
r
N
e
t
w
orks
(
V
. Raj
a
Go
gi
n
e
ni
)
68
7
Figu
re
2.
Circu
it Diagra
m
for
Current Meas
urem
ent
Fig
u
re
2
sho
w
s th
e circu
itry
co
nn
ection
to th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
e sp
lit co
re typ
e
tran
sfo
r
m
e
r (CT).
The
out
put
f
r
om
t
h
e secon
d
ary
t
r
ansf
o
r
m
e
r i
s
m
a
de i
n
-seri
e
s
wi
t
h
a resi
st
or (R
1
)
so t
h
at
t
h
e obt
ai
ne
d v
o
l
t
a
ge
out
put
i
s
st
abi
l
i
zed wi
t
h
t
h
e
DC
bi
as co
ul
d
be gi
ve
n t
o
t
h
e A
r
d
u
i
n
o pi
n. Eac
h
pi
n i
n
Ar
dui
no
boa
r
d
co
ul
d
m
easure a
val
u
e bet
w
ee
n
0 t
o
5V
.
Sensor
speci
ficati
on The
o
r
y
:
I
secondar
y
core
=
tur
n
s ratio * I
pri
m
ar
y
core
Tur
n
s
rat
i
o
=
n
o
of
t
u
r
n
s
i
n
pr
im
ary
/
no
of
t
u
r
n
s i
n
sec
o
nd
ary
The
n
o
of t
u
r
n
s
i
n
sec
o
nda
ry
i
s
2
0
0
0
.
S
o
c
u
r
r
e
nt
m
easured t
h
r
o
ug
h sec
o
nd
ary
i
s
2
0
0
0
th
par
t
of
p
r
im
ar
y.
b)
C
a
l
c
ul
at
i
on
rega
rdi
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
xim
u
m
i
npu
t
t
o
A
r
dui
no:
Co
n
s
i
d
er th
e
pr
im
ar
y co
il
m
e
asu
r
i
n
g of
10
0A
r
m
s cur
r
e
n
t
,
I
peak to peak (pri
m
a
r
y
)
=
√2
* I
(Rm
s
c
u
rr
ent)
=
1.
41
4 * 1
0
0
A
=
141.4A
Th
e secon
d
a
ry
co
il ou
tpu
t
,
I
secondar
y
= I
peak to peak (pri
mar
y
)
/
no
of
t
u
r
n
s
=
141.
4 /
2000
=
0.
0707A
M
i
croc
ont
rol
l
er i
n
p
u
t
=
0.
07
07
A
*
1
8
Ω
=
1.
27
2 V
Th
er
e b
y
t
h
e m
a
x
inpu
t is
1
.
27
2 V.
c)
C
u
rrent
C
a
l
i
brat
i
o
n:
Calib
rated
v
a
lue = 141
.4
/
1
.
27
2
=
111.
11
These
val
u
es a
r
e
practically com
p
ared
t
o
th
e v
a
lu
es fro
m
th
e cla
m
p
m
e
ter.
c.
Vol
t
age Sens
or
Vol
t
a
ge
can
be
sense
d
by
usi
n
g a
n
AC
ada
p
t
e
r, i
n
o
r
d
e
r t
o
s
cal
e do
w
n
t
h
e
out
put
v
o
l
t
a
ge
t
o
l
e
ss t
h
a
n
5v
a
vol
t
a
ge
di
vi
de
r ci
rc
ui
t
i
s
use
d
a
n
d
DC
b
i
as i
s
ad
ded
t
o
st
abi
l
i
ze t
h
e si
gnal
.
Th
e ad
ap
t
o
r
vo
ltag
e
ou
tpu
t
(AC) im
p
l
e
m
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e sy
ste
m
was 9
V
for 230
V i
n
put wh
en
it is
lo
ad
ed
, in
no
l
o
ad co
nd
itio
n
d
u
e
to th
e t
r
ansform
e
r regu
latio
n
it is
25
%
h
i
gh
er wh
ich also
d
e
p
e
nd
s
upo
n th
e
adapt
o
r
de
si
g
n
co
n
d
i
t
i
ons. T
h
e v
o
l
t
a
ge di
vi
der di
vi
des t
h
e
ci
rcui
t
vol
t
a
g
e
furt
her so t
h
at
t
h
e act
ual
i
nput
t
o
Ard
u
i
no
will
be less th
an
5
V
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
JECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 4
,
Au
gu
st 2
015
:
68
5
–
69
4
68
8
Figu
re
3.
Circu
it Diagram
fo
r
Voltage
M
easu
r
em
ent
Fig
u
re
3
.
Rep
r
esen
ts th
e circu
it d
i
agram
i
m
p
l
em
en
ted
in
NI M
u
ltisi
m
, with
th
e vo
ltage in
pu
t
2
30V
and
50 Hz
. T
h
e trans
f
orm
e
r T1 is the
con
f
i
g
uration
of th
e tran
s
f
orm
e
r in the practical AC ada
p
tor. R
3
and R
1
co
nstitu
tes th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
i
v
i
d
e
r circu
it, and
the rest
p
r
ov
id
e t
h
e
DC
b
i
as to
stab
ilize th
e
Ar
dui
n
o
I
n
put
.
V
Adapter output volt
a
ge
= V
m
a
ins
voltag
e
*
tran
sform
e
r ratio
V
Input voltage
= (
R
1 /
(R
1+ R
3
)
)
*
V
Adaptor output
voltage
Fi
gu
re
4.
O
u
t
p
ut
W
a
ve
fo
rm
for
2
3
0
V i
n
put
Fig
u
re 4
g
i
v
e
s
th
e sti
m
u
l
atio
n
o
u
t
pu
t i
m
p
l
e
m
en
ted
in
NI Mu
ltisi
m
fo
r in
pu
t Vo
ltag
e
2
30V and
50
Hz
fre
que
ncy
t
h
e
peak
v
o
l
t
a
ge
o
u
t
p
ut
co
rre
sp
o
nds
t
o
1
.
5
4
7
V
.
Ca
libra
ti
o
n
Va
lue:
Vo
ltag
e
calib
ratio
n
= altern
atin
g m
a
in
s v
o
ltag
e
/ altern
atin
g in
pu
t
v
o
ltag
e
Due
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
l
e
rances
i
n
m
a
nu
fact
uri
n
g
t
h
e c
o
m
pone
nt
s, t
h
e
cal
i
b
rat
e
d
val
u
e i
s
a
d
j
u
st
e
d
by
t
h
e
di
ff
ere
n
ce t
h
at
is ob
tain
ed wh
i
l
e
m
easu
r
ing
t
h
e m
a
in
s vo
ltag
e
with
m
u
lti-meter.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Real
Ti
me Do
mest
i
c
Pow
e
r
C
ons
u
m
pt
i
o
n Mo
ni
t
o
ri
n
g
usi
n
g
Wi
rel
e
ss Se
nso
r
N
e
t
w
orks
(
V
. Raj
a
Go
gi
n
e
ni
)
68
9
d.
Arduin
o
B
o
ar
d
Ar
dui
n
o
i
s
a
gene
ral
pu
r
pos
e m
i
cro-co
nt
ro
l
l
e
r t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
g
ram
m
ed by
usi
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
ID
E
soft
ware
. It
c
o
nsi
s
t
s
o
f
a
m
i
cr
oco
n
t
r
ol
l
e
r
wi
t
h
on
-c
hi
p m
e
m
o
ry
a
n
d
pi
ns
f
o
r i
n
t
e
r
f
aci
n
g
e
x
t
e
rnal
devi
ces
.
Ar
dui
n
o
i
s
bot
h an
op
en s
o
u
r
ce ha
rd
war
e
and s
o
ft
ware
Th
ere are m
a
ny
vari
a
n
t
s
i
n
A
r
dui
no
b
o
ar
d.
Th
e
on
e th
at
u
s
ed
in th
is system
is Ard
u
i
n
o
Uno
.
Micro
c
on
tro
ller on
t
h
e
b
o
a
rd
is
ATM
E
GA32
8.
1
4
d
i
g
ital in
pu
t
/ ou
tpu
t
p
i
n
s
.
C
a
n be pr
og
ra
m
m
e
d
usi
n
g U
S
B
co
n
n
ect
i
o
n
.
16M
Hz ce
ram
i
c res
onat
o
r
.
Ope
r
at
i
n
g vol
t
a
ge 5V
Easy to
attach lib
raries
an
d
pr
og
ram
t
h
e b
o
ar
d.
Easy To interface Exte
rnal
Devices.
Seri
al
M
o
ni
t
o
r
i
n
A
r
dui
no
I
D
E can
easi
l
y
vi
ew se
ns
or
val
u
es o
n
t
h
e sc
ree
n
.
e.
Etherner
Shei
l
d with Sec
u
re
Digi
tal
(S
D)
Car
d
An
A
r
dui
no
E
t
her
n
et
s
h
i
e
l
d
cont
ai
n
s
i
t
s
o
w
n
p
h
y
s
i
cal
a
d
d
r
ess
t
h
at
ca
n
be
use
d
i
n
c
o
n
n
ect
i
n
g t
h
e
serve
r
vi
a a
W
i
-Fi
r
o
ut
er,
whi
c
h pa
ves a
pat
h
f
o
r t
h
e co
nn
ection
to
b
e
estab
lish
e
d with
th
e server. By
i
n
cl
udi
ng a S
Q
L l
i
b
rary
, t
h
e
SQL
que
ri
es c
a
n be e
x
ecut
e
d
by
t
h
e Ar
d
u
i
n
o b
o
ar
d. Si
m
i
larl
y
i
n
cl
udi
ng
et
her-
net
l
i
b
ra
ry
co
u
l
d i
n
d
u
l
g
e a co
nnect
i
o
n est
a
bl
i
s
hed
wi
t
h
onl
y
t
h
e ser
v
er
’s
IP a
d
d
r
ess
whi
c
h p
r
ovi
des se
curi
t
y
in
conn
ection
.
The Ethe
rnet s
h
ield can
be i
n
te
rface
d
wi
t
h
t
h
e A
r
d
u
i
n
o
boa
r
d
an
d
ca
n be connected
to the router
th
ro
ugh
an
RJ45
cab
le; it co
n
s
ists o
f
an
ex
tern
al SD card
wh
ich
cou
l
d
b
e
u
s
efu
l
in
m
a
in
tain
in
g
a b
a
ckup
cop
y
of
dat
a
t
h
at
can
be
p
r
o
g
ram
m
ed.
In
ord
e
r to
av
oid
th
e p
r
ob
lem o
f
d
i
sco
n
n
ectio
n
with
th
e serv
er, for ev
ery few mill
iseco
nds it ch
eck
s
a
n
d r
e
con
n
e
c
t
s to
th
e s
e
rv
er
.
f.
Ro
uter
The r
o
ut
er
pr
ovi
des a
gat
e
way
t
o
t
h
e se
rve
r
t
h
e
r
efore
whe
n
we cons
ider a c
o
lony. Each
hous
e
c
o
ns
is
ts
of
a ro
u
t
er
an
d fo
r ev
e
r
y co
lon
y
the
r
e
ex
is
ts
a
repeater or a
signal booster
whi
c
h se
nds t
h
e si
gnal t
o
th
e
n
earest
sub
s
tatio
n.
Wh
en
a lo
cal server
with
a d
a
tab
a
se ex
ists, the in
form
at
io
n
g
e
ts
u
p
d
a
ted i
n
to th
e
database
by the SQL query programm
ed
with each Arduino de
vice according to
the Use
r
ID
or Meter ID tha
t
was assigned t
o
them and all the local
servers get conne
c
ted to a centra
lized sever and this serve
r
hosts a
dat
a
base
.
g.
Server for Database
Conne
c
tivity
In
o
r
d
e
r t
o
conn
ect th
e d
a
ta i
n
co
m
i
n
g
fro
m
th
e Eth
e
rn
et shield
in
to
th
e datab
a
se th
ere sh
ou
ld
b
e
a
serv
er ho
sting
th
e SQL
d
a
tabase with
th
e dev
i
ce IP.
So
the co
mm
u
n
i
cati
o
n
is estab
lished
with
th
e
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
o
r
t
ad
dre
ss t
h
at
sho
u
l
d
be
pr
og
ram
m
e
d i
n
t
h
e
Ar
dui
n
o
usi
n
g
SQL l
i
bra
r
y
.
In t
h
e im
ple
m
entation, a
Wa
m
p
server whi
c
h is a
n
open
source does
t
h
is
purpos
e. It has
a
n
a
p
ac
he tom
c
a
t
serve
r
h
o
st
i
n
g
t
h
e M
Y
SQL
dat
a
base at
t
h
e port
ad
d
r
ess
33
06 wi
t
h
au
t
h
ent
i
c
pri
v
i
l
e
ges o
f
user
na
m
e
and
pass
wo
rd
.
h.
Web Im
pleme
ntation
The u
s
er
wi
t
h
t
h
e aut
h
e
n
t
i
c
i
t
y
coul
d
vi
ew
h
i
s el
ect
ri
ci
ty
usage i
n
fo
rm
at
ion a
n
d pay
hi
s
/
her m
ont
hl
y
b
ill, wh
ile h
e
/sh
e
can
ev
en
v
i
ew th
e
statistic
s o
f
h
i
s/
h
e
r
u
s
ag
e as
well. Th
is can
b
e
estab
lish
e
d
b
y
h
o
s
ting
the
w
e
b p
a
g
e
s ov
er
th
e in
tern
et
w
ith
a do
m
a
in
n
a
m
e
an
d estab
lish
i
ng
a conn
ectio
n thr
ough
JD
BC
b
e
tw
een
w
e
b
page
s a
n
d
dat
a
base
by
pr
og
ra
m
m
i
ng t
h
r
o
u
g
h
se
rvl
e
t
s
.
In the im
ple
m
e
n
tation
we
ha
ve three
access
pri
v
ileges
1)
Adm
i
nistrator
An a
d
m
i
ni
st
rator
wi
t
h
aut
h
en
t
i
c
i
n
form
at
i
on of l
o
gi
n i
d
an
d pas
s
w
o
r
d
ca
n re
gi
st
er ne
w
users
,
m
odi
f
y
user
det
a
i
l
s
, se
arch
fo
r t
h
e
us
er re
que
st
s an
d
assi
gn
us
er id alo
n
g
with h
i
s fu
ll d
e
tails in
t
o
th
e
d
a
tab
a
se.
Ad
m
i
n
will assig
n
t
h
e
u
s
er-id
for th
e
u
s
ers wh
en
ev
er th
e
u
s
er
g
e
t reg
i
stered
in
th
e web
s
it
e. After g
e
tting
the user-id
from
the adm
i
n, users ca
n l
ogi
n
and
ch
eck
t
h
eir electricity stat
istics in
d
e
tail.
2)
User
User
co
ul
d l
o
g
i
n wi
t
h
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
ent
i
c
det
a
i
l
s
o
f
user
-i
d
an
d
p
a
ssw
or
d.
He/
s
h
e
can
vi
e
w
hi
s
el
ect
ri
ci
t
y
usag
e
d
e
tails and
co
uld
p
a
y t
h
e
b
ill o
n
lin
e.
3)
Guest
A ne
w use
r
co
ul
d re
q
u
est
a new co
nnect
i
on
t
o
t
h
e adm
i
nistrator
who can
assign a user id after installi
ng
th
e h
a
rd
ware.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 4
,
Au
gu
st 2
015
:
68
5
–
69
4
69
0
3.
TESTING
The
Values
of the c
u
rre
nt
and th
e
voltage for precisi
on can be tes
t
ed by esta
blishing a
USB
con
n
ect
i
o
n bet
w
een
Ar
dui
no
and C
o
m
put
er
.
These val
u
es
can be vi
e
w
ed
usi
ng a “Seri
a
l
M
oni
t
o
r” w
h
i
c
h i
s
p
r
esen
t in th
e
Ard
u
i
no
IDE.
Fi
gu
re 5.
Test
i
n
g
o
f
Vol
t
a
ge and
C
u
rre
nt
va
l
u
es.
Fro
m
th
e Figu
re 5
,
t
o
th
e left
represen
ts th
e
AC vo
ltag
e
m
e
asure
d
, t
o
the
right re
presents
the AC c
u
rrent
wit
h
th
e clam
p
m
e
t
e
r
an
d th
e cen
t
e
r
r
e
pr
esen
ts th
e calibr
a
ted valu
es
o
b
t
ain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e A
r
du
in
o bo
ar
d thr
oug
h the
Serial Mon
ito
r
fro
m
th
e Ardu
in
o IDE.
4.
RESULTS AND IMPLEMENTATION
a.
Prototype
for Sys
t
em Architecture
Fi
gu
re
6 i
s
t
h
e
pr
ot
ot
y
p
e
o
f
ho
w t
h
e sy
st
em
has been i
m
pl
em
ent
e
d fo
r
a pr
ot
ot
y
p
e
p
u
r
p
o
se,
w
h
er
e
we
have
a C
u
r
r
ent
se
ns
or
i
n
bl
ue c
o
l
o
r at
p
h
ase
wi
re,
AC
adapt
o
r
,
Ar
dui
no
b
o
a
r
d
,
wi
t
h
Et
her
n
et
s
h
i
e
l
d
a
n
d
a
ro
ut
er f
o
r t
r
an
sm
i
t
t
i
ng t
h
e d
a
t
a
wi
rel
e
ssl
y
.
Inst
al
l
i
ng t
h
e
senso
r
com
pone
nt
s i
s
q
u
i
t
e
an easy
t
a
sk. T
h
i
s
im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n had
b
r
ou
g
h
t
a
g
r
eat
p
r
eci
si
o
n
i
n
t
h
e val
u
es obt
ai
ne
d f
o
r se
veral
di
f
f
ere
n
t
l
o
n
g
du
rat
i
o
n
t
e
st
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJECE
ISS
N
:
2088-8708
Real
Ti
me Do
mest
i
c
Pow
e
r
C
ons
u
m
pt
i
o
n Mo
ni
t
o
ri
n
g
usi
n
g
Wi
rel
e
ss Se
nso
r
N
e
t
w
orks
(
V
. Raj
a
Go
gi
n
e
ni
)
69
1
Fi
gu
re
6.
Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on P
r
o
t
ot
y
p
e
b.
Da
ta
ba
se Val
u
es
Val
u
es
fr
om
each h
o
u
se (
A
r
dui
no B
o
ar
d) c
ont
i
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
up
dat
e
s t
h
e col
u
m
n
“UNITSC
O
N
S
UM
E
D
”
in the Figure
7 every second
basing on the “USERI
D”. For eac
h and eve
r
y update to the
value in
“UNITSC
O
NSUMED” c
o
lum
n
the databa
se connection
is es
tab
lish
e
d
so
th
at th
ere
wo
u
l
d
b
e
no
lo
ss in
th
e
co
nn
ection
t
o
th
e serv
er.
In
case if an
y server fail
u
r
e o
c
c
u
rs, t
h
e
values
t
h
at are
store
d
in the
SD ca
rd gets
com
p
ared t
o
t
h
e dat
a
ba
se
val
u
es an
d
get
s
up
d
a
t
e
d
whe
n
a
g
ai
n a
secure c
o
nnection is esta
blishe
d.
Th
e “USER
I
D” is th
e
p
r
im
ary k
e
y fo
r th
is t
a
b
l
e in
t
h
e
d
a
tab
a
se.
Fi
gu
re
7.
Dat
a
base
Val
u
es
f
r
o
m
wam
p
ser
v
er
Main
tain
in
g
the Reco
rd
Of
valu
es Un
it b
y
Un
it alon
g
with
ti
m
e
co
u
l
d
be u
s
efu
l
in
replacin
g
th
e
faul
t
y
sy
st
em
s, keepi
ng t
h
e “
U
SER
I
D” as a
fo
rei
g
n key
an
d m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
t
h
e reco
rd
of
dat
a
coul
d ha
ve a r
e
l
a
t
i
on
estab
lish
e
d w
i
t
h
th
e tab
l
e show
n
i
n
th
e Figur
e 7. Figur
e 8 shows
t
h
e different reco
rd of v
a
lu
es un
it b
y
u
n
it
with the tim
e in m
i
nutes. Thi
s
record
also s
h
ows t
h
e ave
r
age voltage
, a
v
era
g
e c
u
rrent, avera
g
e
powe
r, tim
e
du
rat
i
o
n
whi
c
h
co
ul
d
be
use
f
u
l
fo
r
di
spl
a
y
i
n
g
a t
i
m
e
l
y
grap
h
i
cal
usage
cha
r
t
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
JECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 4
,
Au
gu
st 2
015
:
68
5
–
69
4
69
2
Figure
8. Rec
o
rd
of val
u
es
Unit By
Unit for each USERID from
W
a
m
p
serve
r
c.
Web Im
pleme
n
tation
Th
e Database is q
u
ite u
s
efu
l
in
d
e
v
e
lop
i
ng
a p
r
actical web
ap
p
lication
th
at rep
r
esen
ts the d
a
ta in
a
meaningful
form
and gi
ves t
h
e privilege
acc
ess to di
ffere
n
t
types
of acces
ses.
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
Web im
ple
m
e
n
tation
th
e u
s
er can
v
i
ew h
i
s/h
e
r
u
s
ag
e an
y tim
e
an
d
can
p
a
y th
e
b
ill o
n
lin
e, similarly th
e ad
mi
n
i
strator cou
l
d
fix
the
issu
es
with
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e co
m
p
lain
t fo
rm
rath
er t
h
an repo
rting
man
u
a
lly to
the electrical office.
Fi
gu
re
9
sh
ow
s t
h
e c
o
l
l
a
ge
o
f
Web
i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e ser
v
i
ces
of
a
d
m
i
ni
st
rat
o
r pa
ge.
Wh
ere
a
n
Ad
m
i
n
i
strato
r
with
au
th
en
tic
lo
g
i
n cred
en
tials can
:
Check for Ne
w Connections i
f
any
Valid
ate an
d Assig
n
m
e
ter id
after installin
g
essen
tial h
a
rdware.
Mo
d
i
fy t
h
e
Details o
f
th
e User.
Fi
gu
re 9.
C
o
l
l
a
ge of
W
e
b Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
f
o
r
A
d
m
i
ni
st
rat
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
ECE
I
S
SN
:
208
8-8
7
0
8
Real
Ti
me Do
mest
i
c
Pow
e
r
C
ons
u
m
pt
i
o
n Mo
ni
t
o
ri
n
g
usi
n
g
Wi
rel
e
ss Se
nso
r
N
e
t
w
orks
(
V
. Raj
a
Go
gi
n
e
ni
)
69
3
Fi
gu
re
10
sh
o
w
s t
h
e
col
l
a
ge
of
W
e
b i
m
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on f
o
r
t
h
e ser
v
i
ces
of
User
pa
ge.
Where a
use
r
with
au
th
en
tic
lo
g
i
n cred
en
tials can
:
Check his
Usa
g
e Statistics
Pay th
e Bill On
lin
e
Fi
gu
re 1
0
.
C
o
l
l
a
ge of
W
e
b Im
pl
em
ent
a
t
i
on
f
o
r
Use
r
se
rvi
c
e
s
5.
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
Keepi
ng i
n
vi
e
w
t
h
e Ec
on
om
i
c
cost
s, secu
ri
t
y
, pr
ecision, a
nd i
n
orde
r to
save the e
n
ergy wastage
u
tilized
fro
m
r
ead
ing
th
e
v
a
lu
es to
g
e
n
e
ratin
g
a
b
ill. An
Au
to
m
a
ted
Syste
m
will always
h
a
v
e
a less erro
r
rate
wh
en
co
m
p
ared
to
a m
a
n
u
a
l syste
m
. Th
is syste
m
serv
es its b
e
st wh
ich
wou
l
d
ev
en
facilitate th
e u
s
er
wi
th
h
i
s
u
p
to
d
a
te en
erg
y
con
s
u
m
p
tio
n
activ
ities. This syste
m
can
b
e
easily i
m
p
l
emen
ted
to
a
hou
se, a bu
ild
ing m
o
re
ove
r t
o
l
a
r
g
e i
n
dust
r
y
as
wel
l
.
ACKNOWLE
DGE
M
ENTS
Thi
s
resea
r
ch
pape
r i
s
m
a
de possi
bl
e t
h
r
o
ug
h t
h
e
hel
p
and s
u
pp
o
r
t
fr
om
every
one,
i
n
cl
udi
ng
:
pare
nt
s, t
eac
he
rs,
fri
e
n
d
s
, a
n
d
i
n
esse
nce
,
al
l
sent
i
e
nt
bei
n
g
s
.
I
w
o
ul
d l
i
ke
t
o
t
h
a
n
k
K S
r
a
v
y
a
f
o
r
h
e
r
hel
p
a
n
d
sup
p
o
rt
. S
h
e
ki
ndl
y
rea
d
m
y
paper a
nd
of
fere
d i
nval
u
a
b
l
e
de
t
a
i
l
e
d advi
ces
on
gram
m
a
r, orga
ni
zat
i
o
n
,
an
d t
h
e
them
e of the
paper.
REFERE
NC
ES
[1]
Chun-sen XU,
Xiang-jian CHEN, Di LI
, Xiu-h
ong Zhong,
“Au
t
omatic
Electr
i
c Meter R
ead
ing
S
y
stem Based
on
ZigBee”, 2008, I
EEE, pp: 1-4
.
[2]
Ashna.k, Sudhis
h
N George, “GSM Based Automatic
Energ
y
M
e
ter
Read
ing S
y
stem with Instant Billing”, 201
3
,
IEEE, pp
: 65-72
.
[3]
Wasana Boonsong and Widad Is
mail, “Wireless Monitoring of Household
Electrical Power Meter
Using Embedded
RFID with
Wireless Sensor Network
Platfo
rm”, Hindawi Publishing Cor
poration Intern
ation
a
l Journal of
Distributed
Sensor Networks Volume
2014, Article ID 876914
, 10
pages.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
SN
:
2
088
-87
08
I
J
ECE Vo
l. 5
,
N
o
. 4
,
Au
gu
st 2
015
:
68
5
–
69
4
69
4
[4]
Wibhada Naruephiphat, Chaler
mpol Ch
arnsripin
y
o
,
Sadit Satienpaisarn,
Ridn
ar
ong PromYa, “Apply
i
ng Wireless
Sensor Network
for Power Consumpti
on Monitoring”, 2012
, I
E
EE, pp: 1-4.
[5]
Md.
Ka
ma
l Hossa
in,
Md.
Mortuz
a
Ali,
Md.
Rafiqul Islam Sheikh, “Mic
rocontroller
Bas
e
d
Single
Phase
Digital Prepaid
Energ
y
Meter
fo
r Im
proved Metering and
Billing
S
y
stem”.
[6]
Arduino Ethernet Sheild Usage is
available at,
http://www.
arduino.
c
c/en/Main/Ardui
noEthernetShield
[7]
Arduino Uno Microcontroller board
is
available at http://www.
ardu
ino.
cc/en/Main/a
rduinoBoardUno
BIOGRAP
HI
ES OF
AUTH
ORS
Ve
nkat Sam
p
at
h Raja Gogine
n
i
is stud
y
i
ng B.Tech (Electronics
and Computer Engineer
ing) at
KL University
,
Vijay
a
w
a
da.
His areas of inte
rest includes
computer
N
e
tworks, wireless
Networks, Embedded S
y
stems, DB
MS, Web technolog
ies. Pr
evi
ously
he h
a
d
done research
paper in
area of
Networking Security
titled
as
“An Enhanced C
BC Algorithm for Data Secu
rity
in th
e Cloud
”.
He attended
var
i
ous workshops
on e-commerce, programmable
s
y
stem on
chip
,
and Robotics.
M. Kal
y
an
, stu
d
y
ing B. Tech f
i
nal
y
e
ar in the
dept
. of ECM in K L University. His are
a
s of
inter
e
sts are Co
mputer network
s
and database
mana
gement s
y
s
t
em. He h
a
s do
ne projects on
client/serv
e
r s
y
s
t
em technolog
y
based on
TCP/I
P
protocols and Database
Manag
e
ment S
y
stem
(DBMS). He als
o
attended
th
e w
o
rkshop on Networ
k security
an
d also don
e in
ternship for two
months on Co
mputer Networks. He published a
paper on Multimedia Data
bas
e
for attainm
e
nt
targe
t
s.
Raghava Rao
, Professor in Electronics & Com
puter
Engg.
, wor
k
ing in
the d
e
pt. of ECM. He is
having 15
years
of experien
ce i
n
teach
ing for UG
and P
G
engineering s
t
uden
t
s
and 3
y
e
ars
of
Software Dev
e
lopment exper
i
ence
in Singapo
re
. H
e
received
B.E (CSE) fr
om MG state
University
, M.Tech (CSE) fro
m RVP Universi
ty
, Udaipur
and Ph.D (CSE) from Mahatma
Gandhi University
(Kasi Vid
y
ap
eeth)
, Var
a
nasi,
in the
y
e
ars 199
5, 2005
and 200
9 respectively
.
He published se
veral p
a
pers in n
a
tion
a
l &
intern
ational
confer
ences and journals.
He published 3
text books. Cur
r
ently
h
e
is car
r
y
ing
a DST fu
nded project in
the ar
ea of W
i
reless sensor
networks
-s
ens
o
r web enablem
e
nt. His
res
ear
ch
inter
e
sts are Wireless sensor networks,
Embedded Sensor networks. He
rece
ived a be
s
t
paper award from
DS
T S
ecretar
y and Bes
t
Tea
c
her
award
f
r
om
KL Univers
i
t
y
He
is
als
o
m
e
m
b
er of s
e
ver
a
l
t
echni
cal
organ
i
z
a
tion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.