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th
b
u
t
also
a
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
to
m
atc
h
i
n
g
th
e
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
s
o
f
L
T
E
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
Or
t
h
o
g
o
n
al
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
D
iv
i
s
io
n
M
u
ltip
le
x
i
n
g
(
O
FDM)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
f
u
l
f
ill
t
h
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
P
ea
k
-
to
-
Av
er
a
g
e
P
o
w
er
R
atio
(
P
A
P
R
)
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
OF
DM
m
ak
es it
less
f
a
v
o
r
ab
le
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
lin
k
tr
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
s
tead
,
th
e
Si
n
g
le
-
C
ar
r
ier
FD
MA
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
L
T
E
u
p
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[9
,
1
1
-
15
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
SC
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FDM
A
i
n
s
tead
o
f
OFD
M
A
in
L
T
E
Up
lin
k
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
i
s
th
e
L
T
E
u
p
lin
k
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
p
to
8
6
M
b
it/s
d
ata
r
ate.
T
o
a
ch
iev
e
th
is
,
a
n
e
w
m
u
lti
-
ac
ce
s
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
.
OF
DM
A
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
b
an
d
w
id
th
b
u
t
it
also
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
h
ig
h
P
A
P
R
(
P
ea
k
-
to
-
A
v
er
a
g
e
P
o
w
er
R
atio
)
.
Si
n
ce
i
n
m
o
b
ile
ter
m
i
n
al
s
w
e
u
s
e
b
atter
ie
s
t
h
er
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
p
l
i
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Si
n
g
le
-
C
ar
r
ier
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
Div
is
io
n
M
u
ltip
le
A
cc
es
s
(
SC
-
FDM
A
)
is
a
n
an
s
w
er
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
h
i
g
h
P
A
P
R
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
SC
-
F
DM
A
h
a
s
a
lo
w
er
P
A
P
R
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
it
w
i
ll
n
o
t c
o
n
s
u
m
e
a
s
m
u
c
h
p
o
w
er
,
g
iv
in
g
a
lo
n
g
er
b
atter
y
li
f
e
to
th
e
u
s
er
ter
m
i
n
al
[
1
5
-
20
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
lo
w
-
P
A
P
R
(
’
s
i
n
g
le
-
ca
r
r
ier
’
p
r
o
p
er
ty
)
i
n
h
er
en
t
in
SC
-
F
DM
A
,
it
a
ls
o
h
as
s
o
m
e
o
th
er
d
esire
d
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e.
S
C
-
FD
MA
allo
w
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
lo
w
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co
m
p
le
x
it
y
b
u
t
h
i
g
h
-
q
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al
it
y
eq
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al
izatio
n
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
an
d
it
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
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av
e
f
le
x
ib
le
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
ass
i
g
n
m
e
n
ts
w
i
th
SC
-
F
DM
A
[
9]
.
A
n
o
th
er
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
S
C
-
FDM
A
i
s
th
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
”
b
u
ilt
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in
”
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
er
s
it
y
.
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ec
au
s
e
S
C
-
FDM
A
s
p
r
ea
d
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
o
n
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
th
r
o
u
g
h
al
l
t
h
e
a
v
aila
b
le
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
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o
in
ca
s
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
O
FDM
A
an
d
SC
-
FDM
A
lo
s
i
n
g
p
ar
tial
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
o
n
e
(
o
r
ev
en
m
o
r
e)
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
d
u
e
to
d
ee
p
f
ad
in
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ec
ess
ar
il
y
lead
to
lo
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
m
o
d
u
late
d
in
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
[
20
-
25
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
OFDM
A
a
n
d
SC
-
FDM
A
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
/ele
m
en
ts
o
f
L
T
E
th
at
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e:
Du
p
lex
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
B
lo
ck
s
Mo
d
u
latio
n
t
y
p
e
s
L
T
E
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
b
o
th
Fre
q
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en
c
y
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a
n
d
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im
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v
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io
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x
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T
DD)
,
m
ea
n
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n
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th
at
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d
if
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er
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t
f
r
eq
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en
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y
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a
n
d
s
ar
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s
ed
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o
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e
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o
w
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l
in
k
a
n
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p
lin
k
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ile
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DD
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lin
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tr
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b
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T
w
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1
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8
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SC
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FD
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ai
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e
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ith
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ig
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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&
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RE
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[1
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re
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[7
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in
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[8
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[9
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J.
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n
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ti
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2
0
0
8
.
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0
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S
a
jal
K.
Da
s,
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M
o
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il
e
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e
rm
in
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l
Re
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De
sig
n
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a
n
d
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A
d
v
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e
d
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,
Jo
h
n
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il
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y
&
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o
n
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A
p
ril
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0
1
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.
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1
]
S
.
K.
Jh
a
,
R.
R
o
k
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y
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.
Bh
a
g
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A
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R.
Kh
a
n
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r
y
a
l,
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v
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ra
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p
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lan
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ll
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lar
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tw
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lan
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2
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t
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fer
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two
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r
k
Ap
p
li
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ti
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s (
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NA)
,
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th
m
a
n
d
u
,
p
p
.
1
8
0
-
1
8
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
Ch
e
n
,
Q
u
n
h
u
i
(S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
1
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.
"
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o
lu
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n
a
n
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p
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m
e
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f
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o
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(P
DF).
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a
w
e
i
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
te
M
a
g
a
z
in
e
(6
1
).
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rc
h
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e
d
f
ro
m
th
e
o
rig
in
a
l
(
P
DF)
o
n
2
0
1
1
-
11
-
0
8
.
.
[1
3
]
D.
A
ste
l
y
,
E.
Da
h
lma
n
,
A
.
F
u
ru
sk
ä
r,
Y.
Ja
d
in
g
,
M
.
L
in
d
strö
m
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n
d
S
.
P
a
rk
v
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ll
,
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E:
th
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v
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o
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m
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ro
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d
b
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n
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mm
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g
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e
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7
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o
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,
p
p
.
4
4
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5
1
,
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p
ril
2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
F
a
ti
m
e
f
a
y
d
h
e
a
l
-
a
z
z
a
w
i,
”
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re
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e
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g
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n
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e
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A
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B
si
m
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k
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In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
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o
u
rn
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l
o
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e
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trica
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n
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m
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e
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o
l.
1
4
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3
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p
.
1
2
5
1
~
1
2
5
7
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
Zain
a
b
f
a
y
d
h
e
,
F
a
ti
m
a
fa
y
d
h
e
,
sa
d
a
f
a
y
d
h
e
,
”
M
-
P
S
K
sy
ste
m
p
e
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r
m
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n
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e
in
m
u
lt
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h
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n
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e
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ro
n
m
e
n
ts
w
it
h
M
a
tl
a
b
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im
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
e
ls”
,
J
o
u
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n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
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e
n
c
e
s
,
1
4
(2
0
):
7
5
0
9
-
7
5
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
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a
ti
m
a
fa
y
d
h
e
,
fa
e
z
a
a
b
a
s
,
Zai
n
a
b
f
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y
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h
e
,
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e
rf
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n
c
e
Co
m
p
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e
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e
n
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n
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latio
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ro
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n
m
u
lt
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e
n
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ts
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h
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n
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e
ls
w
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h
M
a
t
lab
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im
u
li
n
k
m
o
d
e
ls’,
W
a
sit
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
(7
),
No
.
(
1
),
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
Dr.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
A
b
o
u
d
Ka
d
h
im,
Ba
h
a
A
li
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sir
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a
ti
m
a
,
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a
y
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A
z
z
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w
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”
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sig
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n
d
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v
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r
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o
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se
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t
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ig
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o
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n
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t
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o
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n
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d
A
p
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t
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o
n
s
,
V
o
l
.
4
,
N
o
.
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
Dr.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
A
b
o
u
d
Ka
d
h
im
,
Dr.A
h
a
m
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d
Ra
sh
ied
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F
a
ti
m
a
F
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y
d
h
e
A
L
-
Az
z
a
w
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”
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
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e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
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E
3
G
P
P
Ba
se
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a
n
d
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ra
n
sc
e
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r
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se
d
W
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v
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ig
n
a
ls
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o
r
Diffe
re
n
t
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
s”
,
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,
V
o
l
.
4
,
N
o
.
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
Dr.
Ema
d
S
h
e
h
a
b
A
h
m
e
d
,
F
a
ti
m
a
,
F
a
y
d
h
e
AL
-
A
z
z
a
w
i,
”
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ho
p
p
e
d
-
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
F
re
q
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e
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y
Di
v
isio
n
M
u
lt
i
p
le
A
c
c
e
s
s
(F
H
-
OFDM
A
)
S
y
st
e
m
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
w
it
h
Ex
ten
d
in
g
Qu
a
d
ra
ti
c
C
o
n
g
ru
e
n
c
e
(EQ
C)
Ho
p
i
n
g
Co
d
e
p
a
tt
e
rn
s
”
,
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
,
V
o
l
.
1
2
,
N
o
.
1
,
M
a
rc
h
(
2
0
0
8
)
.
[2
0
]
F
a
ti
m
a
,
F
a
y
d
h
e
AL
-
A
z
z
a
w
i
,
Dr.
Em
a
d
S
h
e
h
a
b
A
h
m
e
d
,
”
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
m
u
lt
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-
to
n
e
jam
m
in
g
o
n
F
H
-
OFDM
A
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
o
rth
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l
h
o
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p
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g
p
a
tt
e
rn
s”
,
E
ff
e
c
t
o
f
m
u
lt
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-
to
n
e
jam
m
in
g
o
n
F
H
-
OFDM
A
s
y
ste
m
w
it
h
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
h
o
p
p
i
n
g
p
a
tt
e
rn
s,
IEE
E
GCC C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
GCC)
,
2
0
0
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
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&
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r
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1494
[2
1
]
F
a
ti
m
a
F
a
y
d
h
e
AL
-
Az
a
w
i,
Zain
a
b
F
a
y
d
h
AL
-
A
z
a
w
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R
a
fe
d
sh
a
k
e
r
A
L
-
F
a
rto
s
y
,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
S
imu
latio
n
o
f
P
u
lse
Co
d
e
M
o
d
u
latio
n
M
u
lt
ip
lex
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g
(
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C
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M
)
a
n
d
De
-
M
u
lt
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p
lex
in
g
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
in
M
A
TL
A
B”
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
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o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
n
o
v
a
ti
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T
e
c
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l
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y
a
n
d
Exp
l
o
rin
g
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
IT
EE
)
Vo
lu
m
e
-
3
,
Iss
u
e
-
1
0
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
F
a
ti
m
a
F
a
y
d
h
e
AL
-
Az
z
a
w
i,
”
M
in
im
i
z
a
ti
o
n
th
e
Ef
fe
c
t
o
f
Diffe
re
n
t
Ch
a
n
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l
M
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QA
M
a
n
d
P
A
M
S
y
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m
s
in
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e
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m
o
f
Bit
Err
o
r
Ra
te”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
o
ft
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m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
En
g
in
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e
rin
g
(
IJ
S
CE)
,
V
o
l
u
m
e
-
4
,
Iss
u
e
-
1
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
Ag
il
e
n
t
T
e
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h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
L
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E
a
n
d
t
h
e
Ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
t
o
4
G
W
irele
ss
:
De
s
ig
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
,
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
Sons
,
2
0
0
9
.
[2
4
]
H.
Ek
strö
m
,
A
.
F
u
ru
sk
ä
r,
J.
K
a
rlsso
n
,
M
.
M
e
y
e
r,
S
.
P
a
rk
v
a
ll
,
J.
To
rsn
e
r,
a
n
d
M
.
W
a
h
lq
v
ist,
"
Tec
h
n
ica
l
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
f
o
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th
e
3
G
L
o
n
g
-
T
e
r
m
E
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
,
"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
4
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
38
–
45
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
6
.
[2
5
]
Y.
Zh
o
u
,
Z.
L
e
i
a
n
d
S
.
H.
W
o
n
g
,
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
o
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P
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o
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n
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3
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P
P
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
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s
Ne
tw
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rk
s
2
0
1
4
IEE
E
7
9
th
V
e
h
icu
lar T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(V
T
C
S
p
ri
n
g
),
S
e
o
u
l
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.