Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
9
, No
.
5
,
Octo
ber
201
9
, pp.
42
17
~4
225
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v9
i
5
.
pp
4
217
-
42
25
4217
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Des
i
gn o
f a comp
act hex
agon
al stru
ctured
du
al band MIM
O
antenna
u
sing orth
ogonal p
olarizat
ion for WLAN
and satel
lite app
lications
Az
i
z
D
kiou
ak
1
, Mohssi
ne El
Ouaha
bi
2
, A
li
a
Z
ak
ri
ti
3
,
M
ohsi
ne K
ha
ll
ad
i
4
, A
ic
h
a Mch
ba
l
5
1,2,3
Depa
rtment
o
f
Civi
l
and
Indus
tri
al Sci
ences a
n
d
Technol
ogi
es
,
Abdelmale
k
Essaâ
di
Univer
sit
y
,
Morocc
o
4,5
Facul
t
y
of
Sci
enc
es,
Abdelmal
ek
Essaâ
d
i
Univ
ersity
,
Morocc
o
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Feb
13
, 201
9
Re
vised
A
pr 4
,
201
9
Accepte
d Apr
19
, 201
9
In
thi
s
pap
er,
a
compac
t
du
al
b
a
nd
m
ult
ipl
e
-
inpu
t
m
ult
iple
-
outpu
t
(MIM
O)
ant
enn
a
s
y
st
em
for
W
LAN
and
X
-
band
satellit
e
applications
(
2.
4/9.
8
GH
z
respe
ctively
)
is
proposed.
On
the
top
face
of
the
subs
trate,
t
wo
ant
enna
el
ements
with
a
size
of
20×
24
m
m
2
are
pla
ce
d
side
by
side
a
nd
fed
with
m
at
ch
ing
ortho
gonal
m
ic
ro
-
stri
p
li
nes.
The
t
wo
ant
enna
ele
m
ent
s
have
orthogona
l
po
la
r
iz
a
ti
on
which
c
an
red
u
ce
th
e
m
utua
l
coupling
bet
wee
n
it
s
ports.
The
desig
ned
ant
enn
a
s
y
s
te
m
is
fab
ric
ate
d
and
m
ea
sured
to
val
ida
t
e
the
sim
ula
ti
on
result
s.
Th
e
impedance
bandwi
dths
are
about
370
MH
z
(2.
19
to
2.
56
GH
z)
and
630
M
Hz
(9.
44
to
10.
07
GH
z),
while
the
obtaine
d
isola
ti
on
is
gr
e
at
er
tha
n
14
d
B
at
the
oper
ating
bands.
Furt
her
m
ore
,
the
enve
lop
e
cor
relati
on
is
le
ss
tha
n
0.
052
and
0.
008
at
2.
4
and
9.
8
GH
z,
respe
ctively
.
He
nce
th
e
div
ersity
g
ai
n
is
high
er
tha
n
9.
98
in
th
e
fre
que
n
c
y
bands
of
in
te
r
est
.
Ke
yw
or
d
s
:
En
velo
pe
c
orre
la
ti
on
coe
f
fici
ent
Dive
rsity
g
ai
n
MIM
O
a
nten
na
Mutual
c
ouplin
g
WL
AN
X
-
ba
nd satel
li
t
e
Copyright
©
201
9
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Aziz
D
kioua
k,
Dep
a
rtm
ent
of
Ci
vil and
I
ndust
rial
Sciences
and Tec
hnolog
ie
s
,
Nati
on
al
Scho
ol of
A
pp
li
ed
S
ci
ences
,
Abdelm
al
ek
Essaâdi
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
N
ei
ghbo
rho
od
Salam
,
Av
Ta
ha
Hou
si
n N°
4
M'
diq
,
Tet
ouan
, Morocc
o
.
Em
a
il
:
dk
iou
a
ka
zi
z@hotm
a
il
.
fr
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Accor
ding
to
IEEE
sta
nd
a
r
ds
,
the
X
-
ba
nd
is
a
ran
ge
of
f
requen
ci
es
in
the
m
ic
ro
wa
ve
radi
o
reg
io
n
of
the
el
ect
ro
m
agn
et
ic
sp
ect
r
um
. Th
is
range is a
ll
ocated b
y t
he IEEE at
8.0 a
nd
12.0 G
Hz.
T
he X
-
band
is
w
idely
us
e
d
in
rad
a
r
app
li
cat
io
ns
su
c
h
as
ai
r
traff
ic
con
t
ro
l,
m
arit
i
m
e
vessel
traff
ic
con
tr
ol,
veh
i
cl
e
sp
eed
dete
ct
ion,
people;
and
nat
ur
al
e
nviro
nm
ent.
To
day
,
MIM
O
/diversity
te
ch
niques
a
re
la
r
ge
ly
us
ed
in
m
ob
il
e
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
t
o
i
ncr
ea
se
the
SNR
value,
a
nd
to
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
c
ha
nn
el
ca
pacit
y
as
well
as
the
data
rate
in
fa
ding
en
vir
onm
ent
due
to
m
ulti
path.
The
util
iz
at
ion
of
Mult
iple
-
I
nput
Mult
iple
-
Ou
t
pu
t
(MIM
O)
s
yst
em
is
c
on
si
der
e
d
as
a
key
of
W
i
-
Fi,
GP
S,
third
gen
e
rati
on
(
3G),
f
ourt
h
gen
e
rati
on
(
4G)
an
d
the
fift
h
-
gen
e
rati
on
(
5G)
wireless
c
omm
un
ic
at
ion
syst
e
m
s,
al
l
in
a
c
om
pact
siz
e.
T
his
te
c
hnology
has
be
en
a
dopte
d
to
a
chieve
hi
gh
-
s
pe
ed
data
rate
in
both
rece
ptio
n
an
d
transm
issi
on
, a
nd enha
nce the
quali
ty
o
f
se
r
vi
ce (QOS
).
On
e
im
po
rta
nt
requirem
ent
fo
r
M
IMO
a
ntenn
a
syst
e
m
s
is
low
m
utu
al
couplin
g
bet
we
en
di
ff
e
re
nt
ports
ante
nn
a
e
lem
ents.
Con
se
qu
e
ntly
,
since
t
he
cl
os
el
y
sp
ac
ed
ante
nn
a
s
ca
n
caus
e
a
stron
g
m
utu
al
cou
pling,
it
is
ver
y
diff
i
cult
to
achiev
e
a
high
isolat
ion
in
a
sm
al
l
siz
e,
wh
il
e
m
ai
ntainin
g
good
isolat
io
n
bet
wee
n
anten
na
el
e
m
ents
[1
]
.
Se
ver
a
l
m
e
tho
ds
for
enh
a
ncin
g
isol
at
ion
in
MIM
O
anten
nas
ha
ve
bee
n
repo
rted
in
th
e
li
te
ratur
e.
S
ome
eff
ect
ive
te
ch
niques
hav
e
be
en
pu
t forwa
r
d
in
re
fs.
[
2
–
1
6
]
,
w
hich
i
nclu
de
:
DMN
(d
ec
oupli
ng
and
m
at
ching
netw
ork)
c
ompo
s
ed
of
se
rie
s/shunt
reacti
ve
el
e
m
ents
[2
]
,
ei
gen
m
od
e
DMN
a
ppr
oac
h
[
3],
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
20
19
:
4
2
1
7
-
4
2
2
5
4218
def
ect
e
d
ground
str
uctur
e
(
DGS)
[4
-
7],
e
le
ct
ro
m
agn
et
ic
ba
nd
-
ga
p
(E
BG)
[8
-
11
]
,
ELC
Re
son
at
or
[
1
2
],
neu
t
rali
zat
ion
l
ine [1
3,
14
]
, and usin
g
m
et
a
-
m
at
erial
stru
ct
ur
e
[1
5
, 1
6
].
In
this
pa
per,
we
pr
e
sent
a
com
pact
hex
ag
on
al
dual
-
el
em
ent
MIM
O
ant
enn
a
with
good
isolat
ion
at
the
ope
rati
ng
bands
.
T
he
id
entic
al
two
a
nten
na
el
em
ents
are
or
th
ogonal
ly
placed
i
n
order
to
ac
hiev
e
or
t
hogonal
po
l
arizat
ion
,
w
hic
h
ca
n
re
duce
the
m
utu
al
co
upli
ng
bet
ween
the
tw
o
a
nten
nas
a
nd
in
ord
er
to
reduce
the
siz
e
of
this
str
uct
ur
e
.
The
pro
pos
e
d
MIM
O
a
nten
na
operate
s
at
2.
4/
9.8
G
Hz,
w
hic
h
co
ve
rs
the
WL
AN
a
nd
X
-
band
sat
el
li
te
a
pp
li
cat
io
ns
.
T
he
MIM
O
ante
nna
has
a
sm
al
l
siz
e
of
20×
24
×1.6
m
m
3
,
whereas
the
isolat
io
n
obta
ined
wa
s
hig
he
r
t
han
14
dB
at
bo
t
h
fr
e
qu
ency
ba
nds.
T
he
e
nv
el
op
e
co
rr
el
at
ion
co
ef
fici
ent
in
the
lo
wer
a
nd
the
uppe
r
ba
nds
is
le
ss
t
ha
n
0.0
52
a
nd
0.0
08
,
res
pecti
ve
ly
.
On
the
ot
her
ha
nd,
a
di
ver
sit
y
gai
n
of m
or
e than 9
.
98 is
ob
ta
ine
d at
the tw
o
i
nter
est
ed ban
ds
.
2.
AN
TE
NNA
D
ESIGN
The
c
om
pact
MIM
O
a
nten
na
consi
sts
of
two
he
xago
nal
el
e
m
ent
anten
na
syst
em
s
wi
th
an
overall
siz
e
of
24×2
0
m
m
2
.
The
two
pri
nte
d
he
xa
gonal
a
nt
en
na
el
e
m
ents
are
fed
by
50Ω
i
m
ped
ance
ort
hogo
nal
m
ic
ro
-
strip
fee
d
li
nes,
w
hich
are
place
d
sym
m
et
rical
l
y,
and
m
ou
nted
on
a
1.6
-
mm
-
thick
FR4
s
ubstrat
e
with
a
relat
ive
pe
rm
i
t
ti
vity
of
4.4
a
nd
a
l
os
s
ta
ngent
of
0.0
2.
T
he
str
uctu
re
of
the
pro
posed
MIM
O
a
nten
na
with
detai
le
d
dim
en
sion
s
is
s
how
n
in
Fig
ur
e
1.
Diff
e
re
nt
f
or
m
s
on
t
he
gro
und
plane
are
et
ched
to
en
ha
nc
e
th
e
perform
anc
e
of
the
pro
po
s
e
d
MIM
O
ante
nn
a
.
The
detai
le
d
dim
ensions
of
the
pro
pose
d
MIM
O
a
nten
na
syst
e
m
are
il
lustra
te
d
in
the
T
able 1.
(a)
(b)
Figure
1. Ge
om
et
ry o
f
the
propose
d
a
nten
na
: (a)
t
op v
ie
w, (
b)
bott
om
v
ie
w
Table
1.
Dim
e
ns
io
ns
of the
prop
os
ed
an
te
nna
Para
m
eters
Valu
e (
m
m
)
W
24
L
20
W
f
W
1
W
2
a
D
b
L
2
L
1
h
x
h
1
h
2
x
1
x
2
3
5
1
2
.83
6
2
7
4
10
0
.5
9
.5
7
.5
1
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Desig
n of
a
c
omp
act
hexag
onal struct
ur
e
d d
ua
l
band
MIM
O an
te
nna
(
Azi
z D
ki
ouak
)
4219
3.
AN
TE
NNA
A
NA
L
YS
I
S
3.1.
S
-
p
arameters
In
this
sect
io
n,
we
dis
play
the
eff
ect
of
the
diff
e
ren
t
slots
on
the
a
da
ptati
on
an
d
the
e
f
fect
of
th
e
distance
D
be
tween
t
he
tw
o
m
on
opoles
on
the
isolat
io
n,
w
hile
kee
ping
the
ot
her
di
m
ension
s
co
nst
ant.
The
sim
ulate
d
resu
lt
s
we
re
a
chieve
d
by
us
i
ng
C
om
pu
te
r
Si
m
ulati
on
Te
chnolo
gy
(CS
T)
Mi
crowa
ve
Stud
i
o
So
ft
war
e
.
As
s
how
n
in
Fig
ure
2
(a),
sim
ulatio
n
res
ults
pro
ve
that
the
tw
o
sym
m
et
rical
ham
m
er
-
sh
a
pe
d
are
ver
y
im
po
rtant
fo
r
t
he
ap
peara
nce
of
the
lo
wer
f
re
qu
e
ncy
band
at
2.4
G
Hz
an
d
sim
ult
aneously
i
m
prov
e
t
he
adap
ta
ti
on
at
t
he
tw
o
bands.
Fu
rt
her
m
or
e,
wh
e
n
t
he
thir
d
slot
is
et
che
d
betwee
n
tw
o
s
ymm
et
rical
ham
m
er
-
sh
a
ped slots,
we n
otice
a
good
enhancem
ent
on im
ped
ance
m
at
ching
at t
he
low
e
r ba
nd.
On
the
oth
e
r
hand,
Fig
ure
2
(
b)
il
lustrate
s
the
sim
ulated
|S
21
|
ve
rs
us
fr
e
quency
wi
th
di
ff
e
ren
t
values
of
D
.
I
n
this
fig
ure,
we
obser
ve
that
t
he
isolat
io
n
in
creases
wh
e
n
t
he
distance
gro
ws
f
r
om
4
m
m
to
the
desire
d
value
6m
m
,
wh
ic
h
m
e
ans
that
an
acc
eptable
m
utu
al
coupling
betw
een
the
two
a
ntenn
a
s
is
ob
ta
in
ed
at
the
ope
rati
ng
ba
nds.
Finall
y,
base
d
on
the
c
om
par
ison
re
s
ults
of
t
he
hexagonal
a
nten
na
,
Fig
ure
3
s
ho
ws
t
he
si
m
ulate
d
res
ults of the M
IM
O
a
nten
na wit
h o
pti
m
al
d
i
m
ension
s
sho
wn
in
Tab
le
1.
(a)
(b)
Figure
2.
Sim
ulate
d
S
-
par
am
et
ers
of t
he
propose
d
a
nten
na: (a
)
|S
11
| an
d (b)
|S
21
|
Figure
3. Sim
ulate
d
S
par
am
et
ers
of t
he pr
opos
e
d
a
nten
na
Accor
ding
to
Figure
3,
the
r
eflect
ion
c
oeff
ic
ie
nt
|
S
11
|
is
adap
te
d
to
th
e
desire
d
f
requen
cy
bands
(2.4
GH
z
-
9.8
GH
z
),
with
45
dB
in
the
l
ow
e
r
ba
nd
an
d
33
dB
in
the
uppe
r
ba
nd.
T
he
im
ped
a
nce
band
widths
are
a
bout
450
MHz
(
2.1
7
G
Hz
-
2.62
G
Hz
)
a
nd
57
0
M
H
z
(
9.50
G
Hz
–
10.07
G
Hz).
T
he
m
axi
m
u
m
i
so
la
ti
on
is
alm
os
t
14
dB
at
the
tw
o
operati
ng
ba
nds
wh
ic
h
i
nd
i
cat
es
a
go
od
perform
ance
of
the
stu
died
MIM
O
a
nten
na.
Ba
sed
on
t
he
op
ti
m
al
val
ues
t
hat
il
lustrate
d
in
Ta
bl
e
1,
Fig
ure 3
s
hows
the sim
ul
at
ed
s
-
pa
ram
eter
s o
f
the pr
opos
e
d M
IMO
a
nten
na
.
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GH
z
)
2
4
6
8
10
S
-p
arame
ter
s (d
B)
-
4
0
-
3
0
-
2
0
-
1
0
0
Wit
h
a
ll slo
t
s
Wit
h
H
um
m
e
r
-
sl
o
t
s
Wit
hout
slo
t
s
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GHz
)
2
4
6
8
10
|S
21
|
(d
B)
-
3
5
-
3
0
-
2
5
-
2
0
-
1
5
-
1
0
D=6
mm
D=5
mm
D=4
mm
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GH
z
)
2
4
6
8
10
S
-Parame
ter
s (d
B)
-
4
0
-
3
0
-
2
0
-
1
0
0
|S
11
|
S
im
ulate
d
|S
21
|
S
im
ulate
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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In
t J
Elec
&
C
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p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
20
19
:
4
2
1
7
-
4
2
2
5
4220
3.2.
Surface c
urre
nt
dis
tribu
tio
ns
As
we
ca
n
see
from
F
igu
re
4,
the
s
urface
c
urre
nt
is
co
nce
nt
rated
ar
ound
port
1,
w
hi
ch
m
eans
th
at
,
a
good isolat
ion
betwee
n
ante
nna ele
m
ents is
m
ai
ntained.
Note t
hat, the
ef
f
ect
is the sa
m
e
from
p
or
t 2
to
port 1
.
Figure
4
dep
i
ct
s
the
su
rf
ac
e
cur
re
nt
dist
rib
ution
s
at
2.4
an
d
9.8
G
Hz
w
hen
tw
o
ports
are
ex
ci
te
d
si
m
ultaneou
sly
.
(a)
(b)
Figure
4. The
s
urface c
urren
t
distrib
utions
of the tw
o p
or
ts
at
: (a) 2.
4 GH
z
and
(b) 9.
8 G
Hz
3.
3
.
Envelo
pe c
orr
el
at
io
n c
oeffici
ent and
diver
sity g
ain
The
en
velo
pe
correla
ti
on
co
e
ff
ic
ie
nt
(
or
co
r
relat
ion
bet
we
en
the
en
velo
pe
s
of
the
sig
na
ls)
[1
7
]
i
s
us
e
d
to
m
easur
e
the
c
orrelat
ion
betwee
n
th
e
two
-
ante
nn
a
el
e
m
ents.
This
correla
ti
on
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
s
houl
d
be
a
sm
a
ll
value,
in
orde
r
to
in
di
cat
e
a
hig
h
di
ver
sit
y
betwe
en
the
tw
o
MIM
O
ante
nna
el
e
m
ents.
The
ECC
betwee
n
the
i
th
and j
th
ante
nn
a
el
e
m
ents u
sin
g far
-
fiel
d
patte
r
ns
ca
n be e
xpr
essed
a
s:
d
P
G
P
G
X
d
P
G
P
G
X
d
P
E
E
P
E
E
X
j
i
E
C
C
j
j
PR
i
i
PR
j
i
j
i
PR
.
,
2
*
*
(1)
Wh
e
re,
PR
X
denotes
cro
ss
-
pola
ri
zat
ion
powe
r
r
at
io
of
the
pro
pag
at
io
n
en
vir
on
m
ent.
G
and
G
ar
e
the
powe
r
patte
rn
s
of
an
d
po
la
rizat
ion
s
,
resp
ect
ively
.
P
and
P
de
no
te
th
e
angular
de
ns
it
y
functi
ons
of th
e θ a
nd ϕ p
olar
iz
at
ion
s, res
pe
ct
ively
.
i
E
and
j
E
are
the
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
pa
tt
ern
s
of
the
it
h
and
j
th
a
nt
enn
a
el
em
ents
in
the
po
la
rizat
ion
,
r
especti
vely
.
i
E
and
j
E
are
t
he
el
ect
ric
fiel
d
pa
tt
ern
s
of
t
he
it
h
an
d
j
t
h
a
nt
enn
a
e
lem
ents
in
th
e
po
la
rizat
io
n,
res
pecti
vely
.
I
n
the
case
of
un
if
orm
m
ul
ti
path
e
nv
ir
on
m
ent,
1
PR
X
and
4
1
P
P
.
The
en
velo
pe
cor
relat
io
n
coeffic
ie
nt
ECC
fo
r
tw
o
ant
enn
a
s
can
be
appr
ox
im
at
ed
as foll
ow
:
d
G
G
d
G
G
d
E
E
E
E
E
C
C
2
2
1
1
2
2
*
1
2
*
1
.
(2)
Wh
e
re,
E
1
a
nd
E
2
are t
he
f
ar
-
f
ie
ld r
a
diati
on
pa
tt
ern
s, ge
ner
at
ed fr
om
p
or
ts
1 an
d 2 respecti
vely
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
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om
p
En
g
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S
N: 20
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-
8708
Desig
n of
a
c
omp
act
hexag
onal struct
ur
e
d d
ua
l
band
MIM
O an
te
nna
(
Azi
z D
ki
ouak
)
4221
Figure
5
repre
sents
the
sim
ulate
d
env
el
op
e
correla
ti
on
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
of
the
propose
d
MI
MO
anten
na
from
far
-
fiel
d
patte
rn
s
.
As
obser
ve
d
f
r
om
t
his
fi
gure,
t
he
ECC
is
ver
y
l
ow
at
the
operat
ed
f
re
qu
e
ncy
ba
nds,
wh
ic
h
are
a
bout
0.0
52
at
2.4
GH
z
a
nd
0.0
08
at
9.8
G
H
z.
As
can
s
ee
fro
m
the
F
igu
re
5,
the
seve
re
c
ouplin
g
betwee
n
the
a
nten
na
el
em
ents
at
the
lowe
r
band
ca
us
es
a
n
en
vel
op
e
c
or
re
la
ti
on
of
a
r
ound
0.052,
w
hi
ch
is
m
uch
lower
t
ha
n
the
ru
le
of
thu
m
b
thres
ho
ld
of
0.5
,
the
sam
e
thing
for
the
co
rr
el
at
io
n
of
the
uppe
r
band
wh
ic
h
is
ne
glig
ibly
sm
a
ll
.
Figure
5. The
e
nv
el
op
e
correl
at
ion
c
urve
The
di
ver
sit
y
ga
in
is
then
obta
ined
as
a
ra
ti
o
of
the
SN
R
of
the
com
bin
ed
sign
al
relat
ive
to
that
of
a
ref
e
ren
ce
sig
na
l
at
a
giv
en
pro
ba
bili
ty
le
vel.
The
relat
ion
betwee
n
div
e
rs
it
y
gain
and
correla
ti
on
coe
f
fici
ent
can
be give
n b
y t
he
f
ollo
wing
appr
oxim
a
te
ex
pressi
on [1
8
].
DG
=
10
√
1
−
|
ρ
|
2
(3)
Wh
e
re
is
the
com
plex
cro
s
s
c
orrelat
ion
c
oeffici
ent,
an
d
|
|
2
≈
.
A
s
show
n
in
F
i
gure 6
,
th
e
val
ue
of
th
e
pr
ese
nted
MI
MO
anten
na
di
ver
sit
y
gain
is
arou
nd
10
dB
acro
s
s
the
bo
t
h
op
erati
ng
f
requen
cy
ba
nds.
F
igure
6
il
lustrate
s the
DG of th
e
design
e
d
M
IMO a
nten
na
.
Figure
6. Di
ve
r
sit
y
gain
of
t
he
prop
os
ed
MI
MO
4.
FABRI
C
ATI
ON
A
ND
ME
ASURE
D
RE
SU
LT
S
4
.
1.
S
-
p
arameters
In
orde
r
t
o
va
li
date
the
si
m
ula
te
d
res
ults,
we
hav
e
fa
br
ic
at
ed
an
d
te
ste
d
the
propose
d
MI
M
O
anten
na.
T
he
f
abr
ic
at
io
n
pro
cess
is
carried
ou
t
at
Abdel
Ma
le
K
Essaâd
i
Un
ive
rsity
Laborato
ries.
It
is
done
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GHz
)
2
4
6
8
10
ECC
0
,
0
0
0
,
0
2
0
,
0
4
0
,
0
6
0
,
0
8
0
,
1
0
0
,
1
2
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GHz
)
2
4
6
8
10
Diver
sity
Gai
n
(d
B)
9
,
9
4
9
,
9
5
9
,
9
6
9
,
9
7
9
,
9
8
9
,
9
9
1
0
,
0
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
20
19
:
4
2
1
7
-
4
2
2
5
4222
us
in
g
a
pr
inte
d
ci
rcu
it
boar
d
(
PCB
)
m
i
ll
ing
m
achine:
The
L
PK
F
Protom
at
E33.
Fig
ur
e
7
sh
ows
a
phot
ogra
ph
of
the
fabrica
te
d
ante
nn
a
.
The
sim
ulate
d
a
nd
m
easur
e
d
S
-
pa
ram
et
ers
of
the
pro
po
se
d
MIM
O
a
ntenn
a
a
r
e
com
par
ed
i
n
F
igure
8
an
d
li
ste
d
in
Table
2.
T
he
m
easure
d
re
su
lt
s
were
obta
ined
by
us
in
g
a
Ro
hde
an
d
Schwarz
ZV
B
20 v
ect
or n
et
w
ork
a
naly
zer.
(a)
(b)
Figure
7. P
ho
t
ogra
ph of the
fa
br
ic
at
ed
an
te
nna:
(
a
)
fron
t
vi
ew,
(
b)
bac
k view
It
is
ob
se
rved
that
the
retu
rn
and
i
ns
erti
on
loss
cu
rv
e
s
of
an
overall
tre
nd
bet
ween
sim
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
ed
res
ul
ts
are
alm
os
t
well
m
at
ched
excep
t
that
the
m
easur
ed
|S
11
|
sh
ifts
a
litt
le
hig
her
tha
n
t
he
si
m
ulate
d
on
e
.
This
is
due
to
t
he
fa
br
ic
at
e
d
im
per
fecti
on
s,
t
he
loss
of
t
he
f
eedin
g
cable
use
d
in
m
easur
e
m
ent,
and
c
onnecto
rs
.
Since
the
two
antenn
a
el
em
e
nts
are
sym
m
etr
ic
al
ly
plac
ed,
on
ly
|S
11
|
and
|S
21
|
are
rep
rese
nted
.
The
m
easur
ed
resu
lt
s
f
or
|S
11
|
<10
of
the
t
w
o
f
reque
nc
y
ba
nd
s
a
re
ab
out
460
M
Hz
(
2.31
-
2.77
GH
z
)
re
s
on
at
e
d
at
2.
4
GHz,
an
d
53
0
MHz
(
9.63_
10.20
GH
z
)
res
on
at
e
d
at
9.8GHz,
w
hich
correspo
nd
t
o
WL
AN
a
nd
s
at
el
li
te
app
li
ca
ti
ons.
Me
anwhil
e,
th
e
m
easur
ed
is
olati
on
is
bette
r
tha
n
27
dB
an
d
17
dB
in
bo
t
h
lo
we
r
a
nd
uppe
r
bands
r
es
pecti
vely
, which
in
dicat
es the
pro
po
s
ed
MIMO
a
nten
na goo
d pe
rfor
m
ance.
Figure
8. Sim
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d S
-
par
am
eter
s
of the
pro
pose
d
MIM
O
a
nt
enn
a
Table
2.
Mea
s
ur
e
d
a
nd sim
ul
at
ed
im
ped
anc
e b
a
ndwidt
hs
of the
prop
os
e
d du
al
-
ba
nd MI
MO an
te
nna
Lower ban
d
Up
p
er
b
an
d
F
L
(GH
z)
BW
(GHz
)
F
U
(G
Hz)
BW
(GHz
)
Measu
red
2
.46
2
.31
-
2
.77
1
0
.03
9
.63
_
1
0
.20
Si
m
u
lated
2
.4
2
.17
–
2
.62
9
.8
9
.50
–
1
0
.07
4.
2.
Radiat
i
on pat
terns
The
m
easur
e
d
an
d
t
he
sim
ulate
d
rad
ia
ti
on
patte
rns
of
the
pr
op
os
ed
MIM
O
antenn
a
at
th
e
fr
e
qu
e
ncies
of
2.
4
G
Hz
an
d
9.8
GHz
in
the
E
-
Plane
an
d
H
-
Plane
wh
e
n
port
one
is
excit
ed
an
d
othe
r
port
te
rm
inate
d
wit
h
a
50
-
Ω
l
oad
are
pr
ese
nted
in
Fig
ures
9.
As
s
how
n
in
F
igure
9,
t
her
e
is
a
go
od
a
gr
ee
m
ent
Fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(GH
z
)
2
4
6
8
10
S
-p
arame
ter
s (d
B)
-
4
0
-
3
0
-
2
0
-
1
0
0
|S
11
|
S
im
ulate
d
|S
21
|
S
im
ulate
d
|S
11
|
Me
a
sur
e
d
|S
21
|
Me
a
sur
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Desig
n of
a
c
omp
act
hexag
onal struct
ur
e
d d
ua
l
band
MIM
O an
te
nna
(
Azi
z D
ki
ouak
)
4223
betwee
n
the
si
m
ula
te
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d
gain
pa
tt
ern
s
at
bo
t
h
fr
e
quency
ba
nds.
H
ow
e
ve
r,
t
he
sli
ght
diff
e
r
ence
betwee
n
t
he
m
easur
e
d
an
d
si
m
ula
te
d
ra
diati
on
patte
r
ns
co
m
es
pr
i
ncipall
y
from
the
m
e
asur
em
ent
se
tu
p
s
uc
h
as
ang
le
cal
ibr
at
ion
w
hich
ca
us
es
the
de
viati
on
bet
ween
m
easur
e
d
an
d
sim
ula
te
d
ph
i
in
x
-
y
plane,
a
nd
the
m
easur
em
ent
is
not
car
ried
out
in
a
n
anec
ho
ic
cham
ber
.
Fi
gure 9
s
how
s
t
he
sim
ulate
d
and
m
easur
ed
ra
diati
on
patte
rn
s
of t
he prese
nted
MI
MO an
te
nna at
2
.
4
a
nd
9.8 G
Hz.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure
9. Sim
ulate
d
an
d
m
easur
e
d radiat
io
n patt
ern
s
of t
he M
IMO
a
nten
na
at fr
e
quen
ci
es:
(
a)
E
-
plane
at
2
.
4 GH
z
, (b
)
H
-
pla
ne
at
2.4
GHz,
(c) E
-
pl
ane at
9.8 GHz
, (d) H
-
pla
ne
at
9
.
8 G
Hz
5.
PERFO
R
MANC
E
COMP
A
RA
I
SO
N
In
t
his
sect
io
n,
we
c
om
par
e
so
m
e
par
am
e
te
rs
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
MIM
O
ante
nna
by
so
m
e
oth
er
repor
te
d
MIM
O
anten
na
.
Th
e
com
par
ison
has
bee
n
do
ne
in
te
r
m
s
of
the
ba
ndwi
dth
,
env
el
op
e
c
orr
el
at
ion
coeffic
ie
nt,
siz
e
and
isolat
io
n.
Table
3
re
pr
es
ents
the
P
er
for
m
ance
com
par
ison
s
betwee
n
the
pro
po
se
d
MIM
O
anten
na
a
nd
ot
her
repo
rted
a
nten
nas.
Af
te
r
the
com
par
is
on,
we
c
an
sa
y
that
the
pres
ented
a
nten
na
with
a
com
pact siz
e and an acc
epta
bl
e isolat
ion
is
s
uitable
for M
I
MO syst
em
ap
plica
ti
on
s.
Table
3.
Per
for
m
ance co
m
par
isons
of
t
he pr
opose
d an
d rep
ort
ed
M
IMO
a
nt
enn
a
s
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
Sim
ula
t
ed
Mea
sure
d
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
Sim
ula
t
ed
Mea
sure
d
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
Sim
ula
t
ed
Mea
sure
d
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
-
40
-
35
-
30
-
25
-
20
-
15
-
10
-5
0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
Sim
ula
t
ed
Mea
sure
d
Re
f.
Size
(
m
m
3)
Ba
ndwidt
h
(
G
Hz)
Iso
la
ti
on
(d
B
)
Perm
itti
vity
r
ECC
Sub.
Ar
ti
cl
e
24 ×
20 ×
1.6
2.35
-
3.0
5 &
5.1
2
-
5.51
15
4.4
0.052
FR4
[2]
36
×
30.
16
×
1.5
2.3
-
2.7
8
&
3.31 to
3.9
20
4.3
0.001
2
FR4
[3]
34 ×
36 ×
1.5
2.136 t
o 2.55
& 3.3 t
o 3.8
59
16.8
4.3
0.003
4
FR4
[19]
43 ×
38 ×
1.6
2.35
–
3.05 &
5.12
–
5.51
12
4.4
0.001
FR4
[20]
1.6 × 5
2
×
77.
5
2.40
-
2.48 &
5.15
-
5.82
15
4.4
0.2
FR4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
9
, N
o.
5
,
Oct
ober
20
19
:
4
2
1
7
-
4
2
2
5
4224
6.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
In
t
his
arti
cl
e,
a
com
pact
du
a
l
band
M
IMO
anten
na
for
W
LAN
an
d
X
-
ba
nd
sat
el
li
te
app
li
cat
ion
s
i
s
pr
ese
nted
.
T
he
prot
otype
a
nte
nn
a
is
fabrica
te
d
a
nd
m
easure
d.
From
the
m
easur
em
ent
resu
lt
s,
we
s
ho
w
that
a
low
m
utu
al
cou
plin
g
of
le
ss
than
27
dB
at
2.
4
GH
z
an
d
17
dB
at
9.8
GH
z
was
ac
hi
eved
.
T
he
en
velo
pe
correl
at
ion
c
oe
ff
ic
ie
nt
is
le
ss
than
0.0
52
an
d
a
div
e
rsity
ga
in
m
or
e
than
9.98
dB
we
re
ob
ta
ine
d,
wh
i
ch
is
prom
isi
ng
f
or
good
a
nten
na
div
e
rsity
.
I
n
a
dd
it
io
n
t
he
MI
MO
a
nten
na
is
cha
racteri
zed
by
a
sim
ple
str
uctu
re,
low
co
st
FR
-
4
su
bst
rate
an
d
a
com
pact
siz
e
of
24×
20
m
m
2
;
co
m
par
ed
with
the
re
ported
anten
nas.
T
hus
,
the
pro
po
se
d
M
IMO
a
nten
na
is
ve
ry ade
quat
e f
or
W
L
A
N
a
nd
X
-
ba
nd satel
li
t
e ap
plica
ti
on
s.
ACKN
OWLE
DGE
MENTS
The
a
uthors w
ou
l
d
li
ke
to
tha
nk
Profe
ssor
N
aim
a A
m
ar Touh
am
i of
Abde
l
m
al
ek
Essaâdi
Un
i
ver
sit
y,
for his
patie
nt
discuss
i
on
on this
pap
e
r.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
A.
Ozde
m
ir
M.
and
E.
Arvas,
"
D
y
namics
of
spati
al
cor
r
elation
a
nd
implicat
ions
on
MIM
O
s
y
stems
,
"
I
EEE
Comm
unic
ati
ons Magazine
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v
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no
.
6
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Jun
20
04
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W
ebe
r
J.,
C.
Vol
m
er
K.
Bla
u,
R
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n
and
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Hein,
"
Mini
aturiz
ed
ant
enn
a
a
rra
y
s
using
d
ec
o
upli
ng
net
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re
al
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l
e
m
ent
s,"
IEEE
Tr
ans.
Mic
row
.
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06.
[3]
S.
-
L.
Zuo,
Y.
-
Z
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Yin,
Z.
-
Y
.
Zh
a
ng,
W
.
-
J.
W
u,
J.
-
J.
Xie
,
"
E
ige
nm
ode
de
coupl
ing
f
or
MIM
O
loo
p
-
a
nte
nna
base
d
on
180°
coupler
,
"
P
rogr
ess In
El
e
ct
r
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
Letters
,
20
11.
[4]
L
.
H
.
W
eng,
Y.
C.
Guo
,
X.
W
.
Shi
and
X.
Q
.
Chen,
"
An
ov
er
vi
ew
on
d
efect
e
d
ground
Struc
t
ure
,
"
Progress
In
El
e
ct
rom
agnet
i
c
s R
ese
arch
B
,
20
08
.
[5]
Y.
Yu
,
M.
Yu
an
and
L
.
W
u,
"
A Com
pac
t
Printe
d
Monopole
Arra
y
W
it
h
Defe
ct
ed
Ground
Struct
ur
e
To
R
educe
T
h
e
Mutual
Cou
p
li
n
g
,
"
J
.
El
e
ct
rom
agn.
Wav
es
App
l.
,
2011
.
[6]
A.
S.
Bhadou
ria
and
M.
Kum
ar,
"
Microstri
p
X
-
band
Antenn
a
with
impro
veme
nt
in
Pe
rform
anc
e
Us
ing
DG
S
,
"
El
e
ct
rica
l
and
E
le
c
tronic
Engi
n
e
ering
,
2014
.
[7]
S.
Kam
al
and
A
.
Chaudha
ri
,
"
Printe
d
Mea
nd
er
Li
ne
MIM
O
An
te
nna
Int
egr
ated
with
Air
Gap,
DG
S
and
RIS:
A
Low
Mutual Co
upli
ng
Design
fo
r
LTE
Appl
ic
a
tions
,
"
Progress
In
Elec
tromagnet
ic
s R
ese
arch
C
,
2017
.
[8]
N.
Jagla
n,
S.
D.
Gupta
,
B.
K.
Kana
uj
ia
,
S.
Sriva
stava
and
E
.
Th
akur
,
"
Tri
p
le
Ba
nd
Notche
d
DG
-
CEBG
Struct
ure
Based
UW
B
MIM
O/Diver
sit
y
A
nte
nna
,
"
Progres
s In
Elec
tromagnetics R
ese
ar
ch C
,
2018
.
[9]
N.
Kum
ar
and
U.
K.
Komm
uri,
MIM
O
Antenna
Mutual
Coupl
i
ng
Reduc
ti
on
fo
r
W
LAN
U
sing
Spiro
Mea
nder
Li
ne
UC
-
EBG
,
"
Progress
In
Elec
tromagneti
cs
Res
earc
h
C
,
2018
.
[10]
Daba
s
T.,
Gang
war
D.,
Kana
uj
i
a
B.
K.
and
Gau
ta
m
A.
K,
"
Mutual
coupl
ing
red
uct
ion
b
et
we
en
el
ements
of
UW
B
MIM
O
ant
enna
using
sm
al
l
siz
e
uniplanar
EBG
exhi
b
it
ing
m
ultiple
stop
b
ands
,
"
AE
U
-
Inte
rna
ti
onal
Journal
o
f
El
e
ct
ronics
and
Comm
unic
ati
ons
,
2018
.
[11]
X.
Zha
ng,
X.
Z
hong,
B.
Li,
an
d
Y.
Yu,
"
A
D
ual
-
Polar
iz
ed
M
IMO
Antenna
with
E
BG
for
5.
8
GH
z
W
LAN
Applic
a
ti
on
,
"
Pr
ogress
In
Elec
tr
omagneti
cs
Re
se
arch
Letters
,
v
ol
.
51
,
pp
.
15
–
20
,
2015
.
[12]
S.
Pandit
,
A.
M
ohan,
P.
Ra
y
,
"
A
Com
pac
t
Plana
r
MIM
O
Mono
pole
Antenn
a
wi
th
Reduced
Mut
ual
Coupli
ng
for
W
LAN Appli
ca
t
ions u
sing ELC R
esona
tor,
"
Pro
ce
ed
ings o
f
the
Asia
-
Pacific
Mi
c
rowave
Conf
ere
nce
,
2016
.
[13]
Y.
W
ang
and
Z.
Du,
"
A
W
ide
band
Printe
d
Dua
l
-
Antenna
S
y
s
tem
with
a
Novel
Neutr
al
i
z
a
ti
on
Li
ne
for
Mobil
e
Te
rm
ina
ls
,
"
IEEE
An
te
nnas and
Wirel
ess P
ropag
ati
on
Let
te
rs
,
20
13
.
[14]
Zha
ng
S.
and
Peder
sen
G.
F,
"
Mutual
Coup
li
ng
Redu
ct
ion
for
UW
B
MIMO
Antenna
s
W
it
h
a
W
ide
ban
d
Neutr
alization
L
ine
,
"
IEEE Antennas
and
Wirele
ss
Propagati
on
Lett
ers
,
vo
l.
15,
pp.
166
-
169
,
20
16
.
[15]
Y.
Le
e
,
H.
Chun
g,
J.
Ha
and
L
.
Choi,
"
Design
o
f
a
MIM
O
ant
enna
with
improve
d
isola
ti
on
using
m
et
a
-
m
at
erial
,
"
Inte
rnational
W
orkshop on
Ante
nna
Technol
og
y
(
iWA
T'
11
)
,
2011
.
[16]
Y.
Tora
b
i,
A.
Bahri
and
A.
-
R.
Sharif
i,
"
A
Novel
Met
amat
eri
a
l
MIM
O
Antenna
with
Im
pr
oved
Isola
ti
on
a
nd
Com
pa
ct
Siz
e
B
ase
d
on
LSRR R
esona
tor
,
"
IETE
Journal
Of
Re
se
arch
,
2015
.
[17]
J.
Zha
ng
,
J.
Ou
Y
ang,
K.
Z
.
Zh
ang
and
F.
Y
an
g,
"
A
Novel
Du
al
-
Band
MIM
O
Antenna
wit
h
L
ower
Corre
l
at
ion
Coeff
icient
,
"
Int
ernati
onal
Journ
al
of
Antennas a
nd
Propagati
on
,
2012
.
[18]
E.
R.
Igl
esia
s,
"
Printe
d
Multi
-
B
and
MIM
O
Ante
nna
S
y
stems
and
The
ir
Perform
a
nce
Metrics,"
IE
EE
Antennas
and
Propagati
on
Ma
gazine
,
2013
.
[19]
A.
Dkiouak,
A.
Za
kri
ti
,
M.
E
l
Ouaha
b
i,
A.
Zu
gar
i
a
nd
M.
Khalladi,
"
Design
of
a
Com
pac
t
MIM
O
Ant
enna
for
W
ire
le
ss
Appli
c
at
ions,"
Progress
In
Elec
tromagnetics R
ese
ar
ch M
,
2018
.
[20]
A
Deng
J.,
L
i
J
.
,
Zha
o
L.
and
Guo
L.
,
"
A
Dua
l
-
Band
Inv
erted
-
F
MIM
O
Antenna
W
it
h
Enha
n
c
ed
I
sola
ti
on
for
W
LAN Appli
ca
t
ions,"
IE
EE
Ante
nnas and
Wirele
ss
Propagati
on
Lett
ers
,
2016
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N: 20
88
-
8708
Desig
n of
a
c
omp
act
hexag
onal struct
ur
e
d d
ua
l
band
MIM
O an
te
nna
(
Azi
z D
ki
ouak
)
4225
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
A
z
i
z
Dk
io
uak
was
born
in
De
ce
m
ber
1985
,
in
Tay
j
oute
town
,
30
Km
from
Chefc
haou
en
,
Morroco.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
the
Mas
te
r
'
s
degr
e
e
in
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Te
lecom
m
unic
at
ions
at
th
e
Facul
t
y
of
Science
s,
Abdelmal
ek
Essaâ
di
Uni
ver
sit
y
,
T
et
ou
an
,
Morocc
o
in
2
010.
He
is
cur
ren
t
l
y
workin
g
on
a
Ph.D.
de
gre
e
and
His
r
es
ea
rch
foc
uses
on
the
design
and
r
ea
l
iz
a
ti
on
of
MIM
O a
nte
nnas
with low mutual c
oupl
ing
for
wir
el
ess a
pp
li
c
ation
s
.
Mohss
ine
El
O
u
ahab
i
was
bor
n
in
1987
M’di
q,
Morocc
o.
He
rec
ei
v
ed
a
Master
degr
e
e
in
Te
l
ec
om
m
unic
ation
s
y
stems
en
gine
er
ing
from
Abdelmale
k
Essaâ
di
Univer
sit
y
,
T
et
uan
,
Morocc
o,
in
20
13.
He
is
cur
r
e
ntly
working
to
ward
on
a
PhD
degr
ee
in
m
ic
r
owave
ci
r
cuits
using t
he
m
et
am
at
er
ia
l
struc
ture
at
the sam
e
Univ
ersity
.
Alia
Z
a
kriti
rec
e
ive
d
PhD
d
egr
ee
in
E
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
Engi
ne
eri
n
g
in
2001
fro
m
Univer
sit
y
Abdelmale
k
Ess
aâ
di
(UA
E)
,
Morocc
o.
During
2
004
-
2010,
she
was
profe
ss
or
at
Caddi
A
y
ad
Univer
sit
y
,
Mor
occ
o.
Since
201
0,
she
jo
ine
d
the
Nati
ona
l
Schoo
l
of
Appli
ed
Sci
enc
es,
UA
E,
as
a
Profess
or
of
El
ectrical
Eng
in
ee
ring
.
She
direc
te
d
a
Rese
arc
h
Unit
“
Advanc
ed
Scie
nce
and
Te
chno
log
y
”
du
ring
seve
r
al
y
e
ars
and
sh
e
wa
s
al
so
a
he
ad
of
depa
r
tment
o
f
Civi
l
an
d
Industria
l
Sci
en
ce
s
and
Te
chn
ologi
es.
Her
re
sea
rch
intere
sts
foc
us
m
ai
nl
y
on
print
ed
m
ic
rowave
ci
r
cu
it
s a
nd
embedde
d
s
y
stems
.
She
has
aut
hore
d
and
co
-
aut
hor
ed
seve
ral
pap
ers
in
int
ern
at
ion
al
ref
ere
ed
journ
al
s
a
nd
conf
ere
n
ce
s
in
the
field
of
m
ic
rowave
comm
unic
at
ions
Te
chno
log
y
.
Mohsine
Khall
adi
was
born
in
Ta
ngi
er,
Moroc
c
o.
He
re
ce
iv
ed
t
he
“
Li
c
enc
e
en
ph
y
sique
”
in
1988
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
A
bdel
m
al
ek
Essa
âdi
,
Tetua
n
,
Morocc
o
and
Ph.
D.
degr
e
e
in
ph
y
sics
from
the
Univer
sit
y
of
Grana
da
,
Spa
in,
in
1994.
In
Se
pte
m
ber
1996,
he
joi
ned
the
Facul
t
y
of
Science
s
of
Abde
lmale
k
Essaâ
di
Univer
sit
y
as
an
associa
t
e
profe
s
sor
and
was
prom
ote
d
to
th
e
ran
k
of
full
Profess
or
in
Septe
m
ber
2000.
He
is
cur
r
ent
l
y
the
h
ea
d
of
El
e
ct
roni
cs
and
Microwa
ves
Gro
up
‘EMG
’
and
t
he
responsibl
e
o
f
the
Telec
om
m
unic
a
ti
on
and
Inform
at
ion
s
y
st
ems
la
bora
tor
y
‘
La
SIT’.
His
m
ai
n
fie
lds
of
int
er
est
concern
m
ainl
y
the
ti
m
e
-
dom
ai
n
num
eri
c
al
solu
ti
on
of
sca
tt
eri
ng
and
rad
iation el
e
ct
rom
agn
et
i
c
probl
ems
.
Aicha
Mc
hb
al
is
a
phd
student,he
r
do
ct
or
al
r
es
ea
rch
inv
et
ig
at
e
s
the
enha
n
ce
m
ent
of
m
imo
ant
enn
a
per
form
anc
es,
she
ho
lds
a
m
aste
r
'
s
degr
e
e
in
t
el
e
comm
un
ic
a
ti
on
s
y
st
ems
engi
nne
eri
ng
from
the
abd
elm
al
ek
Essaâ
d
i
u
nive
rsit
y
of
teto
uan,
m
orroc
o.
she
aut
hore
d
the
ar
ti
cle
"
m
utua
l
coupl
in
g
r
educti
on
using
a
prot
r
uded
ground
bra
nch
struct
ur
e
in
a
compac
t
UW
B
owl
-
shape
d
m
imo a
nte
nna
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