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e
E
q
u
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
d
ie
lectr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
v
a
lu
e
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
c
en
ta
g
es
o
f
f
iller
.
2.
M
AT
E
RIAL
S AN
D
M
E
T
H
O
DS
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
s
a
m
p
les
w
er
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
u
s
in
g
ep
o
x
y
p
o
l
y
m
er
m
ix
ed
w
it
h
h
ar
d
en
er
2
to
1
f
o
r
3
0
m
i
n
i
n
v
ac
u
u
m
ed
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
e
f
i
ller
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ca
r
b
o
n
b
lack
(
C
B
)
,
ca
r
b
o
n
n
an
o
tu
b
es
(
C
NT
)
an
d
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e
(
G)
f
iller
s
.
2
.
2
.
Na
no
Co
m
po
s
it
e
P
re
pa
ra
t
io
n
E
p
o
x
y
n
a
n
o
co
m
p
o
s
ite
s
w
er
e
p
r
ep
ar
ed
in
th
e
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
a
p
r
o
to
co
l
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
to
g
et
t
h
e
b
est p
o
s
s
i
b
le
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
[
2
5
].
C
NT
ar
e
f
ir
s
t
d
i
s
p
er
s
ed
in
e
th
an
o
l
s
o
l
u
tio
n
a
n
d
a
lo
n
g
h
an
d
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
leti
n
g
e
v
ap
o
r
atio
n
o
f
eth
an
o
l,
t
h
e
n
C
NT
is
d
ir
ec
tl
y
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
ep
o
x
y
r
esi
n
w
it
h
a
w
ell
-
d
o
n
e
h
an
d
m
i
x
i
n
g
u
n
til
a
co
m
p
lete
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
Fi
n
all
y
th
e
h
ar
d
en
er
is
ad
d
ed
to
th
e
m
i
x
tu
r
e.
Gr
ap
h
en
e
is
ad
d
ed
to
ep
o
x
y
a
n
d
th
e
n
m
ix
ed
w
ell
u
n
til
t
h
e
v
is
co
s
it
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
n
ad
d
ed
h
ar
d
en
er
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
o
f
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
f
o
r
C
B
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
g
r
ap
h
e
n
e.
Af
ter
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
ea
c
h
s
a
m
p
le,
it
is
p
lace
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
is
c
w
it
h
d
ia
m
eter
5
c
m
a
n
d
th
ic
k
n
es
s
1
m
m
f
o
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
tr
e
n
g
th
test
u
n
d
er
p
r
ess
u
r
e
to
r
ed
u
ce
p
o
r
o
s
ity
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
h
ar
d
en
i
n
g
.
Als
o
a
v
e
r
y
t
h
i
n
co
at
o
f
s
ilico
n
is
ad
d
ed
to
d
is
k
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
s
tick
i
n
es
s
o
f
ep
o
x
y
co
m
p
o
s
i
tes
to
d
is
k
all
s
a
m
p
le
s
ar
e
lef
t
ab
o
u
t
2
4
to
3
6
h
o
u
r
s
in
a
w
ell
-
v
en
t
ilated
r
o
o
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
f
u
ll
y
h
ar
d
en
ed
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
i
x
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
ep
o
x
y
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t f
iller
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Mix
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
ep
o
x
y
w
i
th
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
f
iller
s
C
o
mp
o
si
t
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
F
i
l
l
e
r
a
d
d
e
d
t
o
e
p
o
x
y
F
i
l
l
e
r
w
t
.
%
1
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
f
i
l
l
e
r
0
2
C
N
T
0
.
5
%
3
C
N
T
1%
4
C
N
T
1
.
5
%
5
C
N
T
2%
6
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
0
.
5
%
7
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
1%
8
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
1
.
5
%
9
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
2%
10
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
3%
11
G
r
a
p
h
e
n
e
4%
12
CB
2
0
%
13
CB
3
0
%
14
CB
4
0
%
2
.
3
.
Dielec
t
ric
B
re
a
k
do
w
n St
re
n
g
t
h T
est
Dielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
an
i
n
s
u
lati
n
g
m
ater
ial
is
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
t
h
at
i
t
ca
n
w
it
h
s
tan
d
i
n
tr
in
s
icall
y
w
it
h
o
u
t
b
r
ea
k
in
g
d
o
w
n
,
w
it
h
o
u
t
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
it
s
in
s
u
lat
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
I
t
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
v
o
lta
g
e
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
ite
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
lta
g
e
p
er
th
ick
n
e
s
s
(
k
V
/
m
m
)
.
I
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
elec
tr
ica
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
o
r
in
s
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
f
ailu
r
e
is
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
a
n
e
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
f
lo
w
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
ar
c)
an
d
b
y
p
ar
tial
d
estru
ct
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
ater
ial.
Dielec
tr
ic
s
tr
en
g
t
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
t
h
ic
k
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
m
e
n
(
w
h
ic
h
is
e
q
u
al
to
1
m
m
)
,
a
n
d
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
in
v
o
lt
s
p
er
u
n
it
o
f
th
ick
n
es
s
.
Set
s
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ep
ar
ed
an
d
test
ed
u
s
i
n
g
A
.
C
v
o
ltag
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
I
E
C
6
0
2
4
3
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
es
r
a
n
g
e.
Sa
m
p
les
ar
e
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
is
c
w
it
h
d
ia
m
eter
5
c
m
an
d
th
ic
k
n
e
s
s
1
m
m
.
Fo
r
ea
ch
test
,
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
r
es
u
lt
o
f
f
i
v
e
s
a
m
p
le
s
h
a
s
b
ee
n
tak
e
n
to
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
er
r
o
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
cir
cu
it u
s
e
d
f
o
r
d
ielec
tr
ic
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
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tr
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B
y
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u
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b
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T
h
at
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to
lik
e
p
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a
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d
in
te
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f
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s
s
th
e
e
n
tir
et
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o
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f
o
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m
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io
n
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u
r
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Sch
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atic
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a
m
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th
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d
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ec
tr
ic
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tr
en
g
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te
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ti
n
g
cir
cu
it
2
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4
.
T
ens
ile
T
e
s
t
Me
ch
an
ical
test
s
u
c
h
as
T
en
s
ile
s
tr
en
g
t
h
an
d
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
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n
g
atio
n
at
b
r
ea
k
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
es
to
w
it
h
s
tan
d
t
h
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
al
f
o
r
ce
.
T
h
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le
ar
e
5
c
m
len
g
th
an
d
1
m
m
t
h
ic
k
n
ess
f
o
r
ten
s
ile
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en
g
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h
a
n
d
1
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m
le
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g
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h
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d
1
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m
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h
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k
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e
s
s
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o
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.
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ll
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h
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ee
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h
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2
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5
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rpho
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est
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r
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t
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s
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ca
n
n
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n
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
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p
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SEM
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OE
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8
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cted
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y
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d
d
is
p
la
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o
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th
o
d
e
r
ay
tu
b
e
alt
h
o
u
g
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n
o
w
,
m
o
s
t
ar
e
d
r
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en
b
y
P
C
s
an
d
th
e
s
e
co
m
p
u
ter
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g
e
n
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ated
i
m
a
g
es a
r
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
o
n
L
C
Ds.
2
.
6
.
T
her
m
o
-
G
ra
v
i
m
et
ric
A
na
ly
s
is
(
T
G
A)
T
est
T
h
er
m
o
-
g
r
a
v
i
m
etr
ical
an
al
y
s
i
s
i
s
a
n
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
s
i
m
p
l
y
m
e
asu
r
es
w
ei
g
h
t
c
h
an
g
e
v
s
.
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
I
t
is
v
er
y
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
to
s
tu
d
y
ch
e
m
ica
l
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e.
Fo
r
T
GA
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
s
a
m
p
le
s
w
er
e
c
u
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3.
RE
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L
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SI
S
3
.
1
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E
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1
.
Dielec
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h
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s
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ied
w
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if
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%
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n
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:
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e
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ax
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tes.
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Fig
u
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C
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N:
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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n
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2
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]
.
Fig
u
r
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5
s
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o
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ic
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ea
k
d
o
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t c
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.
Fig
u
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5
.
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itio
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3
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2
.
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t
P
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Fig
u
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8708
C
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]
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sistiv
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ra
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ric
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sh
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iro
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p
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