Int
ern
at
i
onal
Journ
al of Ele
ctrical
an
d
Co
mput
er
En
gin
eeri
ng
(IJ
E
C
E)
Vo
l.
8
, No
.
6
,
Decem
ber
201
8
, p
p.
4663
~
4672
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
,
DOI: 10
.11
591/
ijece
.
v
8
i
6
.
pp
4663
-
46
72
4663
Journ
al h
om
e
page
:
http:
//
ia
es
core
.c
om/
journa
ls
/i
ndex.
ph
p/IJECE
Des
i
gn a
nd
Implementati
on of
a Cont
actless Sm
art House
Network
System
Moham
med
I
ssa
m
Y
ou
nis
,
Taif F
adhi
l H
ussein
Depa
rtment
o
f
C
om
pute
r
Engi
n
e
eri
ng,
Coll
ege of
Engi
n
ee
ring
,
U
nive
rsit
y
of
B
ag
hdad
,
I
raq
Art
ic
le
In
f
o
ABSTR
A
CT
Art
ic
le
history:
Re
cei
ved
Oct
0
6
, 201
7
Re
vised
Jun
10
, 201
8
Accepte
d
J
un
30
, 201
8
The
Int
ern
et
of
Thi
ngs
(IoT
)
t
echnolog
y
is
eve
r
y
obj
ec
t
aro
und
us
and
it
is
used
to
conne
ct
the
se
obje
c
ts
to
the
Inte
rne
t
to
ver
if
y
M
ac
hin
e
to
Mac
hin
e
(M2M
)
com
m
u
nic
a
ti
on.
Th
e
sm
art
house
sy
s
te
m
is
the
m
os
t
important
appl
i
ca
t
ion
of
IoT
te
chno
log
y
;
it
is
inc
rea
se
th
e
qual
ity
of
l
ife
a
nd
dec
re
as
e
the
eff
or
ts.
Th
er
e
were
m
an
y
pr
oble
m
s
tha
t
fa
ced
the
exi
st
ing
sm
art
house
net
working
s
y
s
te
m
s,
inc
lud
in
g
the
h
igh
cost
of
implementa
ti
on
and
upgra
ding,
h
ig
h
power
consum
pti
on,
and
supported
li
m
ited
feature
s
.
The
ref
or
e,
thi
s
p
ape
r
pre
sen
ts
th
e
design
and
im
ple
m
ent
a
ti
on
of
sm
art
house
net
work
s
y
st
em
(SH
NS
)
using
Raspber
r
y
Pi
and
Arduino
p
l
at
f
orm
s
as
net
work
infra
str
uct
ure
with
Zi
g
Bee
technolog
y
as
wire
le
ss
com
m
unic
at
io
n
.
SH
NS
consists
of
two
m
ai
n
pa
rts:
the
m
a
in
st
at
ion
p
art
and
t
he
wire
l
ess
house
nodes
pa
rt.
Th
e
lo
ca
l
w
ire
l
ess
comm
un
ic
a
ti
on
be
twee
n
the
house
nodes
and
th
e
m
ai
n
stat
ion
is
done
through
Z
igBe
e
technolog
y
wi
th
low
power
and
low
d
at
a
ra
te
.
Th
e
m
ode
of
oper
at
ion
of
the
se
house
nodes
ca
n
be
conf
igure
d
d
y
n
amica
l
l
y
b
y
th
e
end
us
er
an
d
det
e
rm
ine
d
m
ult
ic
ast
or
broa
dca
st
op
era
t
ion
ac
cor
d
ing
to
the
user
req
uirem
ent
s.
The
impl
ementa
t
ion
and
upgra
ding
of
SH
NS
are
costl
ess,
fle
x
ible
and
req
u
ire
d
l
ess
power
compari
ng
with
othe
r
r
eviewed
s
y
stems
.
Ke
yw
or
d:
Ardu
i
no
IoT
Ra
sp
be
rr
y
Pi
ZigBee
Copyright
©
201
8
Instit
ut
e
o
f Ad
vanc
ed
Engi
n
ee
r
ing
and
S
cienc
e
.
Al
l
rights re
serv
ed
.
Corres
pond
in
g
Aut
h
or
:
Moh
am
m
ed
Is
sam
Y
ounis
,
Dep
a
rt
m
ent o
f C
om
pu
te
r
E
ng
i
neer
i
ng, Co
ll
e
ge of
Enginee
r
ing
,
Un
i
ver
sit
y o
f B
aghda
d,
Ba
ghda
d, I
raq.
Em
a
il
:
youn
is
m
i@coen
g.uob
aghda
d.
e
du.iq ,
younism
i@gm
ai
l.co
m
1.
INTROD
U
CTION
Sm
art
ho
use
syst
e
m
s
are
an
extensi
on
ty
pe
of
buil
di
ng
aut
om
ation
.
Sm
art
ho
us
e
pr
im
ari
ly
decr
ease
s
the
effor
ts
of
hum
an
and
i
m
pr
ov
e
the
co
nnec
ti
on
to
the
house
with
enh
a
nc
ed
ser
vice,
facil
it
y,
and
secur
i
ty
.
A
sm
art
ho
us
e
is
now
wide
sprea
d
as
the
c
once
pt
of
I
ntern
et
of
T
hings
(IoT
)
te
chnolo
gy
has
at
ta
ched
to
it
.
W
it
h
the
ai
d
of
I
oT
te
chn
ol
og
y,
Sm
art
ho
use
con
t
ro
ls
the
ho
us
e
de
vices
suc
h
as
con
t
ro
l
of
ai
r
co
ndit
ion
in
g,
li
gh
ti
ng,
heati
ng,
openi
ng
a
nd
cl
os
in
g
door
a
nd
m
on
it
ori
ng
oth
e
r
ho
us
e
ho
l
d
a
pp
li
ances
.
An
y
e
le
ct
ric
de
vice
of
hous
e
co
nn
ect
s
with
eac
h
oth
e
r
in
sm
art
hous
e
syst
e
m
netwo
rk.
T
hese
dev
ic
es
a
re
ass
ociat
ed
with
this
syst
e
m
to
giv
e
con
tr
ol
from
any
PC,
la
ptop
,
sm
artph
one
or
ta
blet
that
has
an
I
ntern
et
a
ccess.
Th
rou
gh
the
exch
a
nge
of
in
form
ation
te
c
hnol
og
ie
s
,
the
house
de
vices
c
an
r
un
in
m
or
e
intel
li
gen
t
wit
h
the
sup
port
of
I
oT
te
chnolo
gy
w
hi
ch
res
ults
in
m
or
e
conven
ie
nce,
powe
r
eff
i
ci
ency,
safety
and
facil
it
y
[1
]
.
Sm
art
ho
us
e
syst
e
m
is
the
way
of
m
anag
in
g
sm
a
rt
dev
ic
es
,
that
wh
ic
h
un
der
st
and
i
ng
t
he
eve
n
ts
of
real
act
ion
s
a
nd
co
nver
t
that
to
a
stream
of
da
ta
to
pr
oduce
m
or
e
safety
,
ease,
sec
ur
it
y
and
al
so
ene
r
gy
an
d
c
os
t
s
avin
g
wh
ic
h
i
s
ve
ry
ben
e
fici
al
in
to
day'
s en
vir
onm
ent [2]
.
The
e
xam
inatio
n
survey
of
t
he
sm
art
hous
e
syst
e
m
and
how
t
o
use
it
s,
dep
e
nd
on
t
he
requirem
ents
in
the
natio
ns.
The
nu
m
ber
of
us
in
g
sm
art
hous
e
syst
em
s
reach
t
o
6.6
m
illi
on
an
d
e
xp
ect
e
d
to
de
velo
p
intensel
y
an
d
r
each
to
44.
9
m
il
li
on
in
20
20
[
3]
as
sho
wn
i
n
Figure
1
.
T
he
re
are
a
l
ot
of
relat
ed
w
orks
i
n
the
fiel
d
of
sm
art
hous
es
,
t
his
ty
pe
of
syst
em
is
dev
el
op
e
d
ra
pi
dly
with
the
de
velo
pm
ent
of
te
chnolo
gy.
Most
of
the
researc
he
r
s
aim
to
ob
ta
in
m
any
featur
es
to
con
t
ro
l
and
acce
ss
ho
us
e
ap
pliances
in
flexible
an
d
easy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4663
-
4672
4664
m
ann
er
.
Tey
m
ourza
deh
et
al
.
(20
13)
propos
ed
a
syst
em
to
con
t
ro
l
ho
m
e
app
li
anc
es
usi
ng
PI
C
16F88
7
with
GS
M
[4
]
.
A
T
com
m
and
s
sen
d
thr
ough
GSM
network
to
m
on
it
or
the
hom
e
app
li
ances.
High
co
ve
rage
area
and
hi
gh
se
cu
r
it
y
are
the
ad
va
ntages
of
this
syst
e
m
bu
t
the
disad
va
ntages
are
the
c
os
t
of
SMS
an
d
it
do
es
not
su
pp
or
t t
he
c
urr
ent stat
e
of th
e ap
pliances
unle
ss the
user a
sk
e
d
f
or it
.
Figure
1. The
nu
m
ber
of usi
ng sm
art h
ouse
syst
e
m
s [
3]
Bhara
niala
nkar
and
Ma
nik
a
nd
aB
abu
(
2014)
pro
po
se
d
a
syst
e
m
to
con
tr
ol
the
dev
ic
e
in
the
form
of
SMS
by
usi
ng
GS
M
net
wor
k
pro
vid
e
d
with
a
n
A
VR
P
I
C
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
ol
le
r
[
5].
T
he
use
r
e
nters
com
m
and
s
wh
ic
h
se
nd
via
SMS
to
GS
M
m
od
ule
that
is
co
nn
ect
e
d
to
t
he
AV
R.
It
r
ec
ei
ves
the
c
omm
and
s
a
nd
use
s
it
to
com
m
un
ic
at
e
with
the
m
od
em
and
co
ntr
ol
the
ap
pliances
.
H
ow
e
ver,
the
disad
va
ntage
of
t
his
syst
em
is
the
cost
of
GS
M
ne
twork
.
Jivani
(20
14)
pr
ese
nte
d
th
e
syst
e
m
m
od
ule
to
m
on
it
or
the
ho
m
e
app
li
ance
s
ba
se
d
on
GS
M
te
chnolo
gy
via
SMS
se
rv
ic
es
[6
]
.
T
he
A
dr
ia
no
boar
d
m
ic
ro
co
ntr
oller
is
us
e
d
o
inter
fac
e
the
dev
ic
es
t
hro
ugh
GS
M
m
od
em
.
It
us
es
the
"
A
pp
I
nv
e
nt
or
"
vi
su
al
pro
gram
m
ing
platf
or
m
to
cre
at
e
an
Androi
d
ap
plic
at
ion
to
us
er
i
nterf
ace
desig
n.
T
he
use
r
sen
ds
c
omm
and
s
via
SM
S
m
essages
from
the
and
r
oi
d
ap
plica
ti
on
t
o
co
ntr
ol
the
ap
pliances
rem
otely
.
The
disad
va
ntage
s
of
t
his
syst
em
are
the
reli
abili
ty
and
co
st
o
f
SMS
a
nd
the
i
m
po
ssibil
it
y t
o update t
he
use
r
inter
face acc
ordin
g
t
o
the
r
e
qu
i
rem
ent.
Ra
o
an
d
Um
a
(2015
)
prese
nt
ed
hom
e
automa
ti
on
us
in
g
a
s
m
artphon
e
and
Ra
s
pber
ry
Pi
[7
]
.
It
is
desig
ne
d
to
he
lp
th
e u
ser
an
d el
der
ly
pe
ople
to
c
on
tr
ol hom
e
de
vices
t
hrough
their
ow
n
s
m
artphon
e
an
d
m
ake
their
li
fe
m
or
e
ind
e
pende
nt.
T
hey
ca
n
c
on
t
rol
any
a
pp
li
a
nce
s
co
nnect
ed
to
Ra
sp
be
rr
y
Pi.
I
t
fo
c
us
es
on
co
ntr
ol
the do
or senso
r
, ligh
t
switc
h, a
nd w
e
bcam
su
r
veill
ance.
Azn
i
et
al.
(20
16)
prese
nted
a
wireless
hom
e
autom
at
ion
sy
stem
us
ing
Wi
-
Fi
[8
]
.
T
he
e
nd
us
e
r
ca
n
con
t
ro
l
a
nd
m
on
it
or
the
ho
m
e
dev
ic
es
by
us
i
ng
a
web
ser
ver
or
a
ndr
oid
app
li
cat
io
n.
It
use
s
Re
stful
Applic
at
ion
Pro
gr
am
m
ing
In
te
rf
ace
(A
P
I)
f
ram
ewo
r
k
an
d
ot
her
functi
ons
to
use
Hyper
te
xt
Tr
ansf
e
r
Pr
ot
oc
ol
(H
TT
P)
re
qu
es
t
to
c
on
t
ro
l
the
Ge
ne
ral
-
pu
rpose
in
pu
t/
outp
ut
(
GPIO
)
of
Ra
s
pb
e
rr
y
P
I.
T
his
syst
e
m
us
e
d
to
turn
on
/
of
f
the elect
ric
al
ap
plia
nces
of
ho
m
e w
irel
es
sly
thr
ou
gh a
W
i
-
Fi c
onnecti
on.
Jab
bar
et
al.
(
2016
)
pro
pose
d
a
sm
art
ho
m
e
s
yst
e
m
fo
cuses
on
t
he
util
iz
at
i
on
of
the
IBoa
rd
A
dr
ia
no
m
ic
ro
co
ntro
ll
e
r
an
d
the X
Be
e
with
the
inte
rfac
e
thr
ough
A
ndr
oid
sm
artphon
e
a
ppli
cat
ion
[
9].
T
he
IB
oa
rd
is
a
diff
e
re
nt
A
dri
ano
boa
rd
w
hi
ch
ha
ve
m
any
featu
res
li
ke
Ether
net
port,
XBee
s
oc
ket
interface
,
Mi
cr
o
S
D
so
c
ket
an
d
a
n
ATMEG
A
32.
More
ov
e
r,
it
works
as
we
b
serv
e
r
c
onnect
s
the
syst
em
t
o
the
net
work
thr
ough
Ether
net
by
the
ro
ute
r
an
d
it
al
lows
a
us
er
to
con
tr
ol
the
hous
e
ap
plianc
es
throu
gh
a
n
Androi
d
app
li
c
at
ion.
Androi
d
p
la
tf
orm
acce
ss
by
I
P
ad
dress
a
nd
it
con
sist
s
of
on/
off
butt
on
f
or
s
witc
hes
a
nd
sta
tus
decla
rati
on
in
add
it
io
n
to
the
autom
at
ic
b
utton f
or ele
ct
ron
ic
w
or
k.
Yi
et
al.
(20
16)
propose
d
a
s
yst
e
m
of
c
on
t
r
olli
ng
the
hous
e
us
i
ng
ZigBe
e
[
10
]
.
It
us
e
d
LM3S
8962
32
-
bi
t
pr
oces
s
or
as
a
m
ast
er
con
t
ro
ll
er
of
th
e
syst
e
m
and
to
transm
it
and
receive
data
over
TCP/
I
P
protoc
ol
thr
ough
gatew
ay
interface.
The
ZigBee
co
ordi
nator
c
onne
ct
ed
to
the
m
a
ste
r
con
tr
oller
and
ZigBee
r
oute
rs
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Desig
n a
nd Im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
a
C
on
t
actle
ss Sma
rt
H
ouse
Ne
tw
or
k S
yst
e
m
(
Mo
ham
me
d
Iss
am Y
ounis
)
4665
connecte
d
t
o
th
e
ho
m
e
dev
ic
e
s
and
u
se
d
the STC8
9C
52
pr
oc
esso
r
as
the
m
ai
n
process
or
in
the
te
rm
inal
ho
m
e
node.
Sayuti
et
al
.
(2
017)
p
rese
nted
a
s
m
art
ho
m
e
and
a
n
am
bient
assist
ed
li
vin
g
(SHA
AL
)
syst
e
m
based
on
the
i
nter
net
of
thi
ng
s
[
11]
.
T
his
syst
em
consi
sts
of
tw
o
par
ts:
the
ne
twork
pa
rt
an
d
the
a
pp
li
c
at
io
n
par
t
.
The
net
work
pa
rt u
sed
Zi
gBe
e tec
hnology and
diff
e
re
nt typ
es of sen
s
ors to d
evel
op this syst
e
m
. Th
e serv
e
r
of
this
netw
ork
op
e
rated
on
the
thir
d
ge
ne
r
at
ion
(
3G)
to
connect
to
the
gateway
an
d
cl
oud
net
wor
k.
T
he
perform
ance
de
la
y
of
this
sys
tem
is
le
ss
tha
n
ot
her
syst
em
s
howe
ver
t
he
cost
of
im
ple
m
ented
a
nd
te
ste
d
was
m
or
e than
oth
e
r
syst
em
s.
Guna
wan
et
al
.
(20
17)
pro
po
sed
a
prot
otyp
e
of
a
sm
art
ho
m
e
con
trol
s
yst
e
m
(S
HCS)
[12].
This
syst
e
m
us
ed
four
ty
pe
of
se
nsors
to
i
nteg
rated
with
the
ho
m
e
env
iro
nm
ent.
It
al
lowe
d
the
us
e
rs
to
s
witc
h
on
and
o
f
f
any
ho
m
e
dev
ic
es
rem
ote
ly
throu
gh
the
inter
net
of
thin
gs
.
It
us
e
d
Ard
uino
Me
ga,
Ethe
rn
et
s
hi
el
d,
and
AP
C2
20
wirel
ess
in
t
he
act
ua
l
desig
n
of
hardw
a
re.
The
hom
e
dev
ic
es
a
re
integ
rated
su
c
cessf
ully
with
con
t
ro
l
syst
e
m
thr
ough
r
el
ay
boar
ds.
The o
ver
al
l
perform
ance o
f
th
is sy
stem
w
as
dev
el
op
e
d
a
s a
prototype
.
Guna
wan
et
al
.
(2
01
8)
pr
ese
nt
ed
an
en
ha
nce
perform
ance
of
a
s
m
art
ho
m
e
syst
e
m
and
ev
al
uated
the
perform
ance
of
the
previ
ou
s
syst
e
m
s
[1
3].
The
pr
ese
nte
d
syst
e
m
al
so
use
d
inte
rn
et
of
thin
gs
te
c
hnology
an
d
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pe
of
se
nsors
to
i
nteg
rated
with
the
ho
m
e
envi
ronm
ent.
A
so
la
r
cha
r
ger
a
dd
e
d
to
this
s
yst
e
m
wh
ic
h
inc
reas
es
the
w
hole
perform
ance
inclu
ding
hard
war
e
a
nd
s
of
t
war
e
.
T
he
res
ults
of
this
sy
stem
are
te
s
te
d
in a
r
eal
env
i
ronm
ent an
d i
m
pr
ov
e
the
p
e
rfor
m
ance c
om
par
ed wit
h
t
he pre
vious
syst
e
m
s.
Ther
e
f
or
e,
the
r
e
are
m
any
ch
al
le
ng
es
t
hat
f
ace
the
sm
art
hous
e
net
worki
ng
syst
e
m
,
including
t
he
high
co
st
of
im
plem
entat
ion
and
upgra
ding,
high
po
wer
c
onsu
m
ption,
an
d
sup
ported
li
m
it
ed
featur
es
su
c
h
as
the
li
m
it
ation
of
acce
ss
only
sing
le
r
oo
m
an
d
fixe
d
t
he
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
of
a
syst
e
m
.
So
m
e
of
the
c
urre
nt
s
yst
e
m
as
exp
la
ine
d
in
the
pr
evi
ou
s
s
ect
ion
us
in
g
li
cense
ba
nds
li
ke
GS
M
and
ot
he
rs
us
in
g
W
i
-
Fi
or
Bl
ueto
oth,
al
l
of
it
s
required
hi
gh
-
powe
r
c
on
s
um
pt
ion
,
li
m
i
ted
in
t
he
ra
nge
of
tr
ansm
it
t
ing,
sta
ti
c
config
urat
ion
a
nd
upgradin
g,
and
require
d
a
separ
at
e
d
we
b
serv
e
r
f
or
gateway
node
a
nd
data
stora
ge.
T
his
pa
per
pr
ese
nts
a
wireless
house
netw
ork
syst
e
m
b
ased on IoT t
ech
no
l
og
y a
nd co
m
bin
ed
the
gateway
node
a
nd w
e
b
se
r
ver
i
n
si
ng
le
R
asp
berry
Pi
unit
.
T
his
s
yst
e
m
is
us
ed
ZigBee
c
ommun
ic
at
io
n
t
o
tra
ns
m
it
and
rece
ive
data
bet
we
en
eac
h
node
in
-
house
and m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
a
nd r
eal
ti
m
e
co
m
m
un
ic
at
ion
to
con
nect
be
tween t
he rem
ote user a
nd
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on.
2.
PROP
OSE
D SYSTE
M AR
CHI
TE
CT
U
R
E
The
a
rc
hitec
tur
e
desi
gn o
f
the sm
art
ho
us
e
n
e
twork
syst
em
(S
H
NS
)
is
a
dopt
ed
ZigBee
te
c
hnology
t
o
connect
the
de
vices
of
ho
us
e
,
the
ZigBee
wireless
te
ch
nolo
gy
prot
oco
l
is
cho
se
n
bec
ause
it
is
low
powe
r
M2M
wire
le
ss
network,
unli
cense
d,
low
c
ost
and
can
com
m
un
ic
at
e
in
a
diff
e
re
nt
ty
pe
of
to
po
l
og
y
in
cl
ud
in
g
m
esh
topolo
gy
[14].
It
con
sis
ts
of
two
m
ai
n
par
ts:
the
low
cost,
sm
all
si
ze
Ra
sp
be
rr
y
Pi
m
ic
ro
proces
so
r
is
us
e
d
as
t
he
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
pa
rt
and
com
bin
e
d
the
gate
w
ay
node,
datab
ase
se
rv
e
r
a
nd
we
bs
e
rv
e
r
on
it
inste
ad
of
us
in
g
a
ny ty
pe of
PC se
rv
e
r.
The
seco
nd
pa
rt
is
the
wire
le
ss
house
node
s
w
hich
co
nsi
st
of
t
hr
ee
di
f
fer
e
nt
no
des,
Roo
m
1
an
d
Roo
m
2
nodes
are
us
e
d
to
m
on
it
or
a
nd
c
on
trol
the
e
nv
ir
onm
ent,
the
hea
lt
hcar
e
no
de
is
us
ed
t
o
m
on
it
or
th
e
body
te
m
per
at
ur
e
of
the
pat
ie
nt
rem
otely
.
Roo
m
1
an
d
Roo
m
2
node
s
co
ns
ist
of
A
r
du
i
no,
Ardu
i
no
XBee
Sh
ie
ld,
XBee
m
od
ule
and
num
ber
of
se
nsors
.
Healt
hca
r
e
node
co
ns
ist
s
of
XBee
m
o
du
le
a
nd
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sens
or
wh
ic
h
are
weara
ble
by
the
patie
nt
t
o
m
easur
e
the
heati
ng
dynam
ic
al
ly
fr
om
any
locat
ion
.
Th
e
local
and
rem
ote
use
r
can
acce
ss
this
syst
e
m
us
i
ng
a
ny
web
br
ow
se
r.
T
he
re
m
ote
us
er
can
acce
ss
the
syst
e
m
b
y
assigni
ng a
public IP
addre
ss
to the Ras
pber
r
y Pi
. F
ig
ure
2
s
hows
t
he
a
rch
it
ect
u
ral
desig
n of t
he SH
NS
.
ZigBee
sta
nd
a
r
d
de
fines
th
ree
diff
e
ren
t
ty
pes
of
de
vices:
Co
ordinat
or
de
vic
e,
Rou
te
r
dev
ic
e
and
E
nd
dev
ic
e.
C
oord
i
nato
r
de
vice
ha
s
the
capab
il
it
y
to
act
the
con
trolli
ng
of
per
s
on
al
area
netw
ork
an
d
est
ablish
the
connecti
on
of
netw
or
k.
R
ou
t
er
de
vice
ha
s
the
capa
bili
ty
t
o
tra
ns
m
i
t
and
receive
m
essages,
a
nd
r
ou
te
these
m
essages
if
ne
cessary
to
exte
nd
the
c
ov
e
ra
ge
area.
Finall
y,
End
de
vice
ha
s
few
est
featu
r
es
and
can
c
onnect
ei
ther
to
Co
ordinato
r
de
vice
or
to
Ro
uter
dev
ic
e.
Eac
h
ZigBee
n
et
w
ork
m
us
t
hav
e
only
on
e
Co
ord
inator
dev
ic
e
a
nd unli
m
it
ed
nu
m
ber
Rou
te
r
de
vices
an
d
E
nd d
evic
es
[
15
]
.
The
re ar
e d
iffe
re
nt
ty
pes
of
XBee
m
odule
and
in
S
HN
S
XBee
P
ro
S
2
Module
is
us
e
d
a
nd
it
ope
rates
in
t
wo
ty
pe
s
of
operati
on:
t
ran
s
pa
ren
t
op
erati
on
m
od
e
(A
T
ope
rati
on
m
od
e)
a
nd
ap
plica
ti
on
pro
gr
am
m
ing
interface
ope
r
at
ion
m
od
e
(API
op
e
rati
on
m
od
e).
AT
m
od
e
is
th
e
de
fau
lt
opera
ti
on
m
od
e
i
n
XBee
m
od
ule
and
it
co
ns
i
ders
a
se
rial
li
ne
r
eplace
m
ent
between
the
m
od
ules,
a
ll
incom
ing
U
ART
data
fro
m
DI
pi
n
is
w
ai
te
d
fo
r
RF
i
m
m
ediat
ely
send
i
ng
[
16
]
.
API
m
od
e
is
the
ad
van
ta
ge
m
od
e
and
a
fra
m
e
based
m
od
e.
Wh
e
n
XB
ee
m
od
ule
run
ning
this
m
ode
al
l
incom
ing
and
ou
tc
om
ing
dat
a
are
com
pr
ise
d
of
f
ram
es.
These
f
ram
es
prov
i
ded
t
he
ad
dress, p
ay
loa
d
da
ta
,
AT
c
ommand
a
nd
oth
e
r
fiel
ds
o
f
config
ur
at
io
n.
This
m
od
e
ha
s
the
abili
ty
of
m
ulti
cast
and
broa
dcast
transm
issi
on
and
ca
n
receive stat
us
f
ram
e abo
ut eac
h
se
ndin
g
f
ram
e also it
c
on
ta
i
ned a c
hecksu
m
f
or
integ
rati
on d
at
a
[
16
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4663
-
4672
4666
Figure
2. The
a
rch
it
ect
ural
d
es
ign
of the
S
HNS
ZigBee
co
ns
id
ers
the
lo
wer
m
os
t
data
rate
a
nd
pro
vid
e
l
ow
powe
r
co
nsum
ption
with
inc
r
ease
batte
ry
li
fe
com
par
ed
with
Bl
ueto
oth
an
d
W
i
-
Fi.
Table
1
s
how
s
the
com
par
ison
am
ong
Zi
gBee,
Bl
ueto
ot
h
an
d
Wi
-
Fi
[17].
Table
1.
C
om
par
iso
n betwee
n
W
i
-
Fi, Bl
uet
ooth a
nd Zi
gBe
e
[
17
]
Featu
res
Wi
-
Fi
I
EE
E
8
0
2
.11
Blu
eto
o
th
I
EE
E
8
0
2
.15
.1
ZigB
ee IEEE
80
2
.15
.4
Ap
p
licatio
n
W
ire
less
L
AN
Cab
le Rep
lace
m
en
t
Co
n
trol an
d
M
o
n
ito
r
Frequ
en
cy
Ban
d
s
2
.4 GHz
2
.4 GHz
2
.4 GHz,
8
6
8
M
H
z,
9
1
5
M
Hz
Data Rate
1
to 1
1
M
b
p
s
1
to 3
M
b
p
s
2
0
to 2
5
0
Kbp
s
Ran
g
e (
Mete
rs)
1
–
100
1
–
10
1
–
7
5
and
m
o
re
Battery
L
if
e
(Da
y
s
)
0
.1
–
5
1
–
7
100
–
7
0
0
0
No
d
es Per
N
etwo
r
k
30
7
6
5
,00
0
Top
o
lo
g
y
Tr
ee
Tr
ee
Star,
Tr
e
e,
Clu
ster
Tr
ee
and
M
esh
Ban
d
wid
th
2
–
1
0
0
M
b
p
s
1
M
b
p
s
20
–
2
5
0
Kbps
Me
m
o
r
y
1
0
0
KB
1
0
0
KB
32
–
6
0
KB
3.
HARD
WA
RE
AND SOFT
WA
RE D
E
SI
GN OF
SH
NS
3.1.
Design o
f Wi
rel
ess House
N
od
es
The
wireless
house
no
des
are
chosen
a
s
a
pr
oto
ty
pe
of
nec
essary
re
qu
i
red
sens
or
a
nd
act
uato
r
no
des
in
each
ho
us
e.
The
R
oo
m
1
an
d
Ro
om
2
node
s
are
us
e
d
to
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
m
on
it
ori
ng
of
te
m
per
at
ur
e,
hum
idit
y,
gas
an
d
sm
oke
detect
ion
,
a
nd
rem
ote
cont
ro
l
of
any
ap
pl
ia
nces
in
th
ese
room
s
thro
ug
h
I
nter
net
us
in
g
a
nu
m
ber
of
se
nsors
a
nd
relay
s.
Healt
h
ca
re
node
is
a
s
pec
ia
l
dynam
ic
healt
h
care
no
de
w
hich
holds
to
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Desig
n a
nd Im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
a
C
on
t
actle
ss Sma
rt
H
ouse
Ne
tw
or
k S
yst
e
m
(
Mo
ham
me
d
Iss
am Y
ounis
)
4667
patie
nt an
d
ca
n
m
on
it
or
h
is t
em
per
at
ur
e rem
otely
thr
ough the I
nte
rn
et
or locall
y t
hr
ough
local
h
ouse n
et
w
ork
.
Roo
m
1
an
d
R
oo
m
2
co
ns
ist
of
A
rduin
o
U
no
m
ic
ro
con
t
r
oller
with
a
n
op
e
n
-
sou
rce
ha
rdwar
e
a
nd
s
of
t
war
e
platfo
rm
and
i
t
can
se
ns
e
an
d
c
on
t
ro
l
t
he
e
nv
i
ronm
ent
thr
ough
dig
it
al
I/
O
pin
s
an
d
a
na
log
i
nput
pins
[
18
]
.
XBee
Pro
Se
r
ie
s2
is
co
nn
ec
t
to
each
house
node
R
oom
1
and
Roo
m
2
an
d
it
consi
der
s
a
wireles
s
data
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
,
ba
sed
on
IE
EE
802.1
5.4
a
nd
Zi
gBee
sta
ndar
d
de
vices
offe
red
from
Di
gi.
[
19
]
.
It
is
lo
w
cost,
low p
ow
e
r, l
ow
data rate,
and
op
e
rates in
2.
4 GH
z
freq
ue
nc
y band.
The
XBee
P
r
o
S2
c
om
es
with
20
pin
s
f
un
ct
i
on
an
d
c
onfi
gure
as
A
DC
or
I
/O
li
ne
[19]
[
20]
.
A
r
du
i
no
XBee
sh
ie
ld
is
an
ad
d
-
on
bo
ard
us
e
d
to
e
na
ble
Ard
uino
bo
a
r
d
to
co
nne
ct
wirelessl
y
to
an
oth
e
r
boa
r
d
us
i
ng
XBee
m
od
ule.
It
is
connecte
d
ver
ti
cal
ly
on
the
to
p
of
A
rdu
ino
a
nd
t
hen
X
Be
e
connects
on
t
he
to
p
of
it
[21].
DH
T
22
hum
id
it
y
and
te
m
per
at
ur
e
se
nsor
[
22]
an
d
M
Q
-
2
ga
s
an
d
sm
ok
e
detect
ion
sen
s
or
[
23
]
a
re
t
he
sens
or
s
that use
d
in Ro
om
1
and
R
oom
2
no
des
al
s
o an elec
tric
al
sw
it
ch
relay
[2
4]
u
sed
in t
hese
nodes
. Th
e
He
al
thcare
node
c
onsist
of
only
XBe
e
Pro
Se
ries2
and
LM3
5
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sen
so
r
[
25
]
.
T
he
sel
ect
ion
of
these
com
po
ne
nts
fa
ci
lt
at
e
the
pr
oof
of
c
once
pts
of
a
doptin
g
Z
igb
ee
te
c
hnology
an
d
ot
her
c
om
po
ne
nts
co
uld
be
add
e
d wit
hout
the loss
of
ge
ne
rali
ty
.
3.2.
Design
of
M
ain S
t
ati
on
O
ne
of
t
he
ha
rdwar
e
c
om
ponen
t
that
ca
n
be
us
e
d
as
a
s
erv
e
r
in
I
oT
t
echnolo
gy
is
Ra
sp
be
rr
y
Pi.
Wh
ic
h
is
a
s
m
al
l
siz
e
bo
ar
d
com
pu
te
r,
low
c
os
t,
flexi
ble,
has
an
E
xten
ded
GP
I
O
po
rt
an
d
can
us
e
f
or
diff
e
re
nt
pur
po
ses
[
26
]
.
It
c
onside
rs
th
e
m
a
in
sta
ti
on
of
th
e
SHNS
a
nd
i
nclu
ded
th
e
ga
te
way
node
,
da
ta
base
serv
e
r,
we
bs
e
r
ver
an
d
us
e
r
in
te
rf
aces
as
s
hown
in
Fig
ur
e
3.
T
he
XBee
m
odule
that
co
nnect
ed
t
o
Ra
s
pber
ry
Pi
is
config
ur
e
d
as
co
ordinat
or
and
operate
d
in
API
m
od
e.
The
gateway
node
c
onside
rs
the
com
m
un
ic
at
ion
la
ye
r
betwee
n
hous
e node
s
a
nd
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
.
It
ha
s
the
abili
ty
of
w
riti
ng
to
an
d
rea
di
ng
f
r
om
the
databas
e
a
nd
it
is
resp
onsibl
e
to
sel
ect
the
m
od
e
of
op
e
rat
ion
an
d
determ
ined
the
house
nodes
that
will
be
us
ed
to
sen
d
an
d
receive
data
be
tween
XBee
m
od
ules
in
t
he
dynam
ic
config
ur
a
ti
on.
Th
e
gateway
node
pro
gr
am
m
ed
us
in
g
Pyt
hon
pro
gra
m
m
ing
la
ng
ua
ge
with
num
ber
of
pac
ka
ges
includi
ng
My
SQ
L
-
pyth
on
pa
ckag
e
,
XBee
2.1.0
pack
a
ge
an
d
P
ySeri
al
2.7 p
ac
kag
e
.
My
S
QL
database
is use
d
to
sto
re
t
he
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n
ta
ble,
c
on
t
ro
l
ta
bl
e
and
data
ta
bles
of
syst
e
m
.
Ap
ac
he
web
ser
ver
with
P
HP
pro
gr
am
m
ing
la
ng
ua
ge
is
us
e
d
at
the
ser
ver
s
ide
of
SHNS.
T
he
E
nd
us
er
ca
n
ac
cess
the
syst
em
interfaces
thr
ough
any
P
C
or
ta
blet
or
any
de
vice
that
has
an
In
te
r
net acces
s
.
Figure
3. The
detai
le
d
f
ram
e
work of t
he
S
H
NS
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4663
-
4672
4668
3.
3.
Design o
f Use
r Int
er
f
ace
The
ai
m
of
de
sign
i
ng
the
S
HNS
is
to
enab
le
acce
ssing
from
local
and
re
m
ote
end
use
r
to
hous
e
netw
ork
a
nd
c
an
sel
ect
t
he
re
qu
i
red
co
nfi
gu
rati
on
to
m
on
it
or
it
s
en
vir
on
m
ents
an
d
c
ontrol
t
he
a
ppli
an
ces.
S
o,
four
m
ai
n
web
pa
ges
are
desi
gn
e
d
t
hat
can
ver
ify
t
he
re
qu
ired
pur
po
se
s.
The
Sett
in
g
pa
ge
is
c
on
st
ru
ct
ed
to
m
anag
e
the
c
onfi
gurati
on
of
sel
ect
ing
the
operati
on
of
hous
e
nodes.
Th
e
Disp
la
y
pa
ge
is
con
st
ru
ct
e
d
to
disp
la
y
a
real
-
t
i
m
e
char
t
of
se
le
ct
ed
hous
e
node
.
Cha
rt
of
m
on
it
or
ing
pat
ie
nt
tem
per
at
ure
in
healt
hca
re
node
and
the
hu
m
idit
y
and
te
m
per
at
ur
e
in
Ro
om1,
R
oo
m
1
no
de
s,
al
l
of
in
for
m
at
ion
c
an
be
disp
la
ye
d
f
rom
this
pag
e
.
T
he
Data
analy
sis
pa
ge
is
con
st
ru
ct
e
d
t
o
acce
ss
al
l
the
save
d
data
i
n
determ
ined
dur
at
ion
or
in
al
l
tim
e.
Mo
re
ov
e
r,
t
his
pa
ge
giv
es
t
he
abili
ty
to
de
le
te
data
w
hen
reac
hing
s
pec
ia
l
count.
T
he
Con
t
ro
ll
in
g
pa
ge
is
const
ru
ct
e
d
to
con
t
ro
l
the
st
at
e
of
eac
h
de
vice
co
nn
e
ct
ed
to
each
house
node.
The
de
sign
i
ng
of
t
he
us
e
r
interface
is do
ne usin
g HTM
L, CSS
, PHP
, a
nd Ja
va
Scri
pt
for
c
har
ti
ng t
he
d
at
a.
4.
RESU
LT
S
A
ND AN
ALYSIS
The
s
of
t
war
e
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
Ro
om
1
an
d
Ro
om
2
node
s
is
pro
gram
m
ed
us
i
ng
an
op
e
n
s
our
c
e
Ardu
i
no
I
DE
so
ft
war
e
.
The
so
ft
war
e
im
ple
m
entat
ion
of
this
node
is
respo
ns
ible
f
or
m
any
pr
oces
ses
of
receive
data
from
XBee
m
od
ule
thr
ough
ser
ia
l
po
rt
an
d
a
na
ly
sis
it
,
c
ollect
data
from
D
HT
22
us
in
g
it
s
li
br
ar
y
and
MQ
-
2
sen
so
rs
,
an
d
then
t
ran
sm
it
these
data
to
XBee
m
odule
thr
ough
serial
port
wh
i
ch
transm
it
s
this
data
thr
ough ZigBe
e to
XBee c
oor
din
at
or c
onnec
te
d
to t
he
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
.
The
la
st
wirele
ss
ho
us
e
node
is
the
heal
thca
re
node
w
hich
has
a
dy
nam
ic
m
ov
ing
ca
pa
bili
ty
fo
r
t
he
patie
nt.
T
he
i
m
plem
entat
ion
of
this
node
is
done
t
hroug
h
se
tt
ing
the
first
I/
O
pin
of
XBee
m
od
ule
to
ADC
=1.
This
ena
bles
the
co
nn
ect
io
n
of
an
LM
35
te
m
per
at
ur
e
sens
or
to
this
pin,
the
real
-
ti
m
e
tem
pe
ratur
e
of
pa
ti
ent
body sends p
e
r
iod
ic
al
ly
ev
ery 15
m
inu
te
s and then
X
Be
e go to
sle
ep
m
od
e. Th
is cy
cl
e o
f
sle
epin
g
15
m
inu
te
s
and
wa
ki
ng
5
m
inu
te
s
inc
rea
sing
the
batte
r
y
li
fe
f
or
ye
ars
.
T
he
read
i
ng
and
pr
ocessin
g
of
the
sam
pli
ng
data
are
done
i
n
the
r
ecei
vi
ng proc
ess in t
he
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
us
in
g P
yt
ho
n p
r
ogram
m
ing
lan
guage
.
Accor
ding
to
t
he
la
st
stud
ie
s
us
in
g
m
od
er
n
m
et
ho
ds,
the
norm
al
tem
per
atu
re
of
hum
an
bo
dy
is
37.0
-
degree
C.
T
his
sta
ndar
d
has
a
wide
ra
nge
of
co
ns
ide
rati
on
and
di
ff
e
rs
f
r
om
per
so
n
to
pe
rson,
the
a
ge
of
the
per
s
on,
ty
pe
of
m
easur
em
ent
,
the
act
ivit
y
le
vel
of
the
pe
rson
a
nd
in
diff
e
ren
t
ti
m
e
of
day.
T
her
e
for
e,
the
range
from
3
6.1
-
de
gr
ee C
to 37.3
-
degree C
consi
der the a
c
cepted
ra
ng
e
a
nd p
e
rf
ect
ly
no
rm
al
.
In
ge
ne
ral,
an
d
de
pendin
g
on
the
ex
per
ie
n
ces,
the
aver
a
ge
no
rm
al
read
ing
of
bo
dy
te
m
per
at
ur
e
is
diff
e
re
nt
accor
ding
to
the
ty
pe
of
m
easur
em
ent,
an
arm
pit
t
e
m
per
at
ure
is
0.7
-
de
gr
ee
C
to
1.2
-
de
gr
ee
C
hig
he
r
than ha
nd tem
per
at
ur
e a
nd
0.3
-
de
gr
ee C
to 0.
6
-
de
gr
ee C
low
e
r
t
han an
oral t
em
per
at
ur
e
.
Acco
r
ding
to
the
e
xp
e
rim
ent
ed
resu
lt
s
t
hat
are
ob
ta
ine
d,
the
read
i
ng
of
t
his
node
m
us
t
be
cal
ib
rate
d
by
ad
ding
a
n
offset
value
to
obta
in
a
n
appr
ox
im
at
ely
eq
ual
res
ult
to
the
sta
ndar
d
m
edical
value
of
tem
per
at
ur
e
re
adin
g.
Ta
ble 2
and
Table
3
show
s
t
he
rea
ding o
f
bo
dy te
m
per
at
ur
e
with
ou
t
cali
br
at
ion
a
nd w
it
h
cal
ibrati
on and
co
m
par
e
with
the stan
dard
re
adin
g.
Table
2
.
T
he
Readin
g of Bo
dy
Tem
per
at
ur
e
without Ca
li
br
at
ion
Test1
Test2
Stan
d
ard
readin
g
Exp
eri
m
en
tal
readin
g
accurac
y
Stan
d
ard
readin
g
Exp
eri
m
en
tal
readin
g
accurac
y
P1
3
6
.6
3
5
.05
4
.23
3
6
.7
3
5
.4
3
.5
P2
3
6
.8
3
5
.52
3
.47
3
6
.6
3
5
.5
3
.00
5
P3
3
7
.3
3
6
.43
2
.33
3
6
.8
3
5
.2
4
.34
P4
3
6
.9
3
5
.62
3
.46
3
7
.4
3
6
.7
1
.87
Table
3
.
T
he
Readin
g of Bo
dy
Tem
per
at
ur
e
with Cal
ibr
at
io
n
Test1
Test2
Stan
d
ard
readin
g
Exp
eri
m
en
tal
readin
g
accurac
y
Stan
d
ard
readin
g
Exp
eri
m
en
tal
readin
g
accurac
y
P1
3
7
.3
3
6
.95
0
.93
8
3
6
.7
3
6
.4
0
.81
7
P2
3
6
.8
3
6
.4
1
.08
6
3
7
.2
3
6
.85
0
.94
P3
3
7
.21
3
6
.81
1
.07
3
7
.6
3
7
.13
1
.25
P4
3
7
.1
3
6
.9
0
.53
9
3
6
.9
3
6
.6
0
.81
3
The
m
os
t
co
m
m
on
evaluati
on
m
et
ric
to
com
par
e
the
resul
ti
ng
value
with
the
sta
ndar
d
m
edical
value
as stat
ed
in
[2
7]
, is the
acc
ur
a
cy
w
hic
h has a
n
e
qu
at
io
n
a
s foll
ows:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Desig
n a
nd Im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
a
C
on
t
actle
ss Sma
rt
H
ouse
Ne
tw
or
k S
yst
e
m
(
Mo
ham
me
d
Iss
am Y
ounis
)
4669
Acc
ura
cy
=
e
xperimen
tal
v
a
lue
–
sta
n
dard
v
a
lue
sta
n
dard
v
a
lu
e
x
100%
Wh
e
re:
Ex
per
im
ental
v
al
ue
is t
he
r
ea
di
ng
res
ult
from
h
eal
thca
re
node
.
Stand
a
r
d value
is the
read
i
ng
from
the ther
m
om
et
er Medical
.
The
ha
rdware
i
m
ple
m
entat
i
on
s
of
Ro
om1
node
an
d
he
al
thcare
node
are
sh
own
i
n
Fig
ur
e
4.
The
ha
rdwa
re
i
m
ple
m
entat
io
n
of
the
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
is
sh
own
in
Fi
gure
5
w
hich
co
ns
i
st
of
R
asp
berr
y
Pi
and
XBee
m
od
ule
as
c
oord
i
nato
r
that
a
re
c
on
nected
to
Ra
s
pb
e
rr
y
Pi
th
rough
XBee
a
da
pter.
Ra
spbe
rry
Pi
is
connecte
d t
o t
he
Internet t
hro
ugh Et
hernet
port
or w
i
relessl
y t
hroug
h W
i
-
Fi.
The
s
oft
wa
re
i
m
ple
m
entat
ion
of
the
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
node
is
done
us
in
g
m
any
pro
gr
am
m
in
g
la
ngua
ges.
The
proces
ses
and
al
gorith
m
s
of
trans
m
itti
ng
and
r
ecei
ve
fr
am
es
are
i
m
ple
mented
us
i
ng
Pyt
hon
pro
gr
am
m
ing
la
nguag
e
.
Pyt
hon
is
a
n
ob
je
ct
-
or
ie
nted
,
open
source
,
porta
ble
an
d
c
on
si
der
a
high
-
le
vel
la
nguag
e w
it
h
ritc
h
li
br
aries
.
The
colle
ct
ing
d
at
a
from
thes
e
op
e
rati
ons
is
save
d
in
My
SQ
L
data
base.
My
SQ
L
is
fr
ee,
hi
gh
pe
rfor
m
ance,
an
d
hav
e
m
any
oth
er
f
eat
ur
e
s.
T
o
acce
ss
the
da
ta
,
there
is
a
ne
ed
f
or
a
ser
ve
r
side
and
sc
riptin
g
la
ngua
ges.
T
he
Ap
ac
he
we
b
s
erv
e
r
an
d
PHP
scripting
la
ng
uag
e
a
re
us
e
d
to
acce
ss
an
d
m
od
ify
the co
ll
ect
ed
dat
a.
The
de
sig
ning
of
the
us
e
r
inte
rf
ace
is
do
ne
usi
ng
HTML,
C
SS,
P
HP
,
a
nd
J
avaSc
ript
f
or
c
har
ti
ng
the
data.
Fig
ur
e
6
sh
ows
the
c
ha
rt
of
the
patie
nt
body
te
m
p
eratur
e
m
easure
d
f
ro
m
the
healt
hcar
e
no
de
.
An
auth
or
iz
e
d
us
e
r
can
acce
ss
th
e
SH
N
S
to
co
ntr
ol
and
m
on
it
or
in
g
the
en
vi
ronm
ent
of
the
hous
e
an
d
sel
ect
the
require
d
c
onfig
ur
at
io
n from
an
y we
b b
rowse
r.
Fi
gure
7 sh
ows th
e real
-
tim
e cha
rt of selec
te
d
ho
us
e
node
.
Figure
4. The
hard
war
e
im
ple
m
entat
io
n of
r
oo
m
1and heal
thcare
no
des
Figure
5. Ha
rdwar
e
im
ple
m
e
ntati
on
of the
m
ai
n
sta
ti
on
node
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4663
-
4672
4670
Figure
6. Tem
per
at
ur
e
rea
ding
from
h
eal
thcare
node
Figure
7. Tem
per
at
ur
e
data
of ro
om
1
node
5.
CONCL
US
I
O
N
A
prototype
of
the
SHNS
is
de
sign
e
d
a
nd
im
plem
ented
su
c
cessf
ully
.
The
SHNS
us
e
rs
ca
n
sel
ect
t
he
require
d
op
e
ra
ti
on
of
ho
us
e
nodes
thr
ough
dynam
ic
us
er
config
ur
at
io
n.
The
overall
sy
stem
is
portabl
e,
lo
w
cost and lo
w p
ow
e
r
c
on
s
um
ption
, beca
us
e
usi
ng
of
sm
al
l
si
ze Ra
sp
be
rr
y P
i as a web
se
r
ve
r
an
d gateway
n
ode
el
i
m
inate
d
the
nee
ded
of
se
par
at
e
d
PC
se
rv
e
r
a
nd
m
inim
iz
e
the
cost
sign
ific
a
ntly
.
The
S
H
NS
s
uppo
rted
healt
hcar
e
pa
rt
to
a
ny
patie
nt
in
-
hous
e
t
hro
ugh
easy
m
ann
e
r
a
nd
co
ntact
le
ss
m
et
ho
d
a
nd
that
is
co
ns
id
er
ed
a
n
app
li
cat
io
n
of
Io
T
te
c
hnolog
y.
In
a
dd
it
io
n,
the
data
stora
ge
an
d
an
al
yt
i
c
is
done
local
ly
(i.e.,
pro
vide
s
f
og
com
pu
ti
ng
wit
hout
t
he
need
of
cl
oud
platf
orm
).
The
re
a
re
m
any
sugg
e
sti
on
s
ca
n
be
done
in
fu
t
ur
e
incl
ud
i
ng
exten
d
the
w
ork
to
sup
port
s
m
art
c
it
ie
s
and
sm
art
bu
il
ding
to
co
nnect
ed
a
ll
the
require
d
things
to
I
nternet
and
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g
IS
S
N:
20
88
-
8708
Desig
n a
nd Im
pleme
nta
ti
on
of
a
C
on
t
actle
ss Sma
rt
H
ouse
Ne
tw
or
k S
yst
e
m
(
Mo
ham
me
d
Iss
am Y
ounis
)
4671
ver
ify
the
c
on
cept
of
I
oT
i
n
the
c
onstr
ucted
a
ppli
cat
ion
.
In
doin
g
so,
th
e
bi
g
data
a
naly
ti
c
will
be
a
m
aj
or
con
ce
r
n; ho
we
ver, fo
g
c
om
pu
ti
ng
c
ou
l
d
assi
st i
n
m
ini
m
iz
ing
the
traf
fi
c
fro
m
/
to clou
d e
nviro
nm
ent.
REFERE
NCE
S
[1]
P.
N.
Pawar,
et
al
.
,
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y
o
n
Inte
rne
t
of
Things
Based
Home
Autom
at
ion
S
y
stem"
,
In
te
rna
tional
Journal
o
f
Innova
ti
v
e
Res
e
arc
h
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Com
puter a
nd
Com
m
unicati
on
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ovic
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"
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r
y
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eb
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e
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at
ion
",
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pute
rs
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e
ct
ri
ca
l
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[3]
L.
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en, "Sm
art
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es
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e
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at
i
on",
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ec
hni
cal
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epor
t, Be
rg
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e
M2M
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arch Seri
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T
e
y
m
ourz
adeh
,
e
t
al
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,
“
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art
GS
M
Based
Hom
e
Autom
at
ion
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y
stem”,
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ence
on
Sy
stems
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ess
&
Control (ICSP
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a L
um
pur,
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a
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-
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,
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3
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ember 2013.
[5]
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R.
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n
ia
l
anka
r
and
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.
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ndaB
ab
u,
"Inte
l
li
gen
t
Hom
e
Applia
nc
e
St
at
us
Inti
m
a
t
ion
Control
and
S
y
stem
using
GS
M”,
Inte
rna
t
iona
l
Journa
l
o
f
Advanc
ed
R
ese
arc
h
in
Co
m
pute
r
Scie
nc
e
and
Software
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ne
eri
ng,
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l.
4
,
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ue
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pp.
554
-
556,
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2
014.
[6]
M.
N.
Jivan
i,
“
GSM
Based
Hom
e
Autom
at
ion
S
y
stem
usin
g
App
-
Inve
ntor
for
Android
Mobile
Phone
”
,
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jo
urna
l
of
Adv
anced
Rese
arc
h
in
El
e
ct
ri
ca
l
,
El
e
ctronics
and
Instr
um
ent
at
ion
Enginee
ring
,
Vol
.
3
,
Iss
ue
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pp
.
1221
-
1228,
Sept
embe
r
2014.
[7]
P.
B.
Rao
and
S.K.
U
m
a,
"
Raspber
r
y
Pi
Hom
e
Autom
at
ion
with
W
ire
le
ss
Sensors
using
S
m
art
P
hone"
,
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jou
rna
l
of
Com
puter
Scie
n
ce
and
M
obil
e
Com
puti
ng,
IJCS
MC,
Vol.
4,
Iss
ue.
5,
pg.
7
97
–
803,
M
a
y
2015
.
[8]
M.
N.
Azni,
et
a
l
.
,
" Hom
e
Autom
at
ion
S
y
stem wit
h
Android
A
ppli
c
at
ion",
I
EEE
3rd
Inte
rna
t
io
nal
Confer
en
ce
on
El
e
ct
roni
c
Desig
n
(ICED), P
huke
t,
Tha
i
la
nd
,
pp
.
299
-
303.
Augus
t
11
-
12,
2016.
[9]
Z.
A.
Jabba
r,
e
t
al
.
,
“
W
ire
le
ss
Hom
e
Network
in
Sm
art
Ho
m
e
Control
b
y
usin
g
IBoar
d
&
An
droid
Design”
,
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jou
rna
l
of
Innova
t
iv
e
Rese
arc
h
in
Elec
tr
ic
a
l,
Elec
tro
nic
s,
Instrum
entati
on
and
Con
tro
l
Eng
in
ee
r
ing,
Vol.
4
,
Iss
ue
4
,
p
p.
178
-
183
,
Apri
l
2016.
[10]
X.
J.Yi,
M.
Zho
u
and
J.L
iu,
"
D
esign
of
Sm
art
Hom
e
Control
Sy
stem
b
y
In
te
rn
et
of
Thi
ngs
bas
ed
on
Z
igBe
e"
,
IEE
E
,
11
th
Conf
ere
nc
e
on
Indust
ria
l
Elec
troni
cs
a
nd
Applicati
ons
(ICIE
A),
pp
.
12
8
-
133
,
2016
.
[11]
H.
Sa
y
ut
i
,
e
t
al
.
,
”
Sm
art
Hom
e
and
Am
bie
nt
As
sisted
Li
ving
Based
on
the
Internet
of
Thi
ngs”
,
Inte
rna
t
ional
Journal
of El
ec
tr
ic
a
l
and
Com
put
er
Eng
ineeri
ng,
Vol.
7
,
No.
3,
June
2017.
[12]
Te
dd
y
Sur
y
a
Gu
nawa
n
,
et
al
.
,
”
Protot
y
p
e
Design
of
S
m
art
Home
S
y
stem
using
Inte
rne
t
of
Thi
n
gs
”,
Indone
sian
Journal
of El
ec
tr
ic
a
l
Eng
ineeri
ng
and
Com
puter S
ci
en
ce,
Vol
.
7
,
N
o.
1
,
Jul
y
2017
.
[13]
Te
dd
y
Sur
y
a
G
unawa
n
,
et
a
l.,
”
Perform
anc
e
Eva
lu
at
ion
of
Sm
art
Hom
e
S
y
stem
using
Inte
r
net
of
Thi
ngs”
,
Inte
rna
ti
ona
l
Jou
rna
l
of
E
le
c
trica
l
and
Com
pu
ter Enginee
r
ing, Vol.
8,
No.
1,
Februa
r
y
2018.
[14]
Zi
gBe
e
All
ia
n
ce.
[onl
ine
]
av
ai
l
ab
le
:
htt
p
:/
/www
.
z
i
gbee
.
org
/. [Ac
c
e
ss
ed
12
1
2018]
.
[15]
S.
Fara
han
i, "
Z
i
gBee
W
ir
el
ess N
et
works
and
Trans
ce
ive
rs"
,
First
Edi
ti
on
,
El
sevi
er
Lt
d
2008.
[16]
Digi
Int
ern
ation
al
,
"ZigB
ee RF
Modules",
Us
er Guide,
2016
.
[17]
O.
G.
Aju,
"
A
Surve
y
of
Zi
gBe
e
W
ire
l
ess
Sensor
Netw
ork
Te
chno
log
y:
Topol
og
y
,
Applicati
ons
an
d
Chal
le
ng
es",
In
t
ern
ational Journ
al
of
Com
pute
r A
ppli
cations
Vo
l.
130
,
Iss
ue
9,
No
vember
2015.
[18]
Arduino
Uno.
[o
nli
ne]
avail
abl
e
: https:/
/www
.
ard
uino.
c
c/.
[Ac
ce
s
sed
12
1
2018]
.
[19]
DIG
I.
[onli
n
e]
a
vai
l
abl
e
:
ht
tps:/
/
ww
w.di
gi.
com/
.
[Acc
essed
12
1
2018]
.
[20]
Digi
Int
ern
ation
al
,
"X
Bee a
nd
X
Bee
-
Pro RF Mo
dule
",
Product M
anua
l ,2009.
[21]
Arduino
XBee
Shiel
d
.
[onl
ine
]
a
vai
l
abl
e
:
ht
tps:/
/
ww
w.a
rduino.
c
c
/e
n/Mai
n
/Arduin
oXbee
Shiel
d
.
[22]
DH
T22.
[onli
n
e]
availa
b
le:
ht
tps:
//
ww
w.a
daf
rui
t.c
om
/produc
t/
385
.
[Acc
essed
12
1
2018]
.
[23]
Seee
d,
"G
rove
-
Gas Sensor
(MQ
2)",
Us
er
Manu
a
l,
2015
.
[24]
Rel
a
y
Bo
ard
.
[o
nli
ne]
ava
i
la
bl
e:
htt
ps://
ww
w.sai
nsm
art
.
com/8
-
ch
anne
l
-
dc
-
5v
-
re
lay
-
m
odule
-
for
-
ar
duino
-
pic
-
arm
-
dsp
-
avr
-
m
sp430
-
ttl
-
log
ic.ht
m
l
.
[
Acc
essed
12
1
2
018]
.
[25]
Nati
ona
l
Sem
ic
o
nduct
or, "LM35
Prec
ision
C
ent
ig
rad
e Te
m
per
a
tur
e
Sensors
",
Us
er
Manua
l
,
Novem
ber
2000.
[26]
Raspber
r
y
Pi
3
Model
B.
[onl
in
e]
ava
ilabl
e:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w.ra
spber
r
y
pi
.
org/produ
cts
/ra
spberr
y
-
pi
-
3
-
m
odel
-
b/
.
[27]
Acc
ura
c
y
and
Prec
isi
on
in
Mea
surem
ent
s.
[onli
ne
]
ava
il
a
ble:
htt
ps://
ww
w.we
bassign.
net/useri
m
age
s/fgdenni
s
@w
a
y
ne
cc/la
b_
app_a
c
cur
a
c
y
.
pd
f
.
[Ac
ce
ss
ed
12
1
2018]
.
BIOGR
AP
H
I
ES
OF
A
UTH
ORS
Moham
m
ed
Issa
m
Younis
obta
ine
d
his
Doctor
at
e
in
Com
puter
Engi
ne
eri
ng
f
rom
Univer
siti
Sains
Malay
sia
in
2011.
He
ha
d
done
th
e
M.S
c.
and
B.
Sc
.
in
Com
pute
r
Eng
ine
er
ing
from
Univer
sit
y
of
Baghda
d
in
2001
and
1997
respe
ct
iv
ely
.
His
rese
arc
h
intere
sts
ar
e:
Distributed
S
y
stem,
Inform
at
ion
Secu
rity
a
nd
Cr
y
ptogr
aph
y
,
Pa
rallel
Proc
essing,
Algorit
h
m
s,
Com
pute
r
Networki
ng,
Sof
twar
e
Engi
ne
ering,
RF
ID,
and
I
oT.
He
has
va
rio
us
publi
cations
a
s
books,
the
sis,
journa
ls,
Invited
IEEE
Tu
torials.
He
is
associa
t
e
d
with
v
ari
ous
c
om
m
it
te
e
l
ike
:
I
raq
i
Union
of
Engi
ne
ers,
Cisc
o
Networki
ng
Aca
dem
y
,
Soft
ware
Engi
n
ee
ri
ng
Resea
rch
Groups
,
AID
L
Resea
rch
Group
s.
He
honore
d
by
diff
ere
nt
awa
r
ds,
m
eda
ls,
pat
e
nts,
and
gra
nts.
As
soc.
Prof.
Dr
.
Younis
is
cur
re
ntly
a
fa
cult
y
m
ember
and
Ci
sco
Instruc
tor
a
t
th
e
Com
pute
r
Engi
n
ee
rin
g
Depa
rtment, College of Engineer
ing,
Univ
ersity
o
f
Baghda
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
In
t J
Elec
&
C
om
p
En
g,
V
ol.
8
, N
o.
6
,
Dece
m
ber
201
8
:
4663
-
4672
4672
Ta
if
Fadhil Hus
sein
r
ecei
ved
th
e M
.
Sc.
and
B
.
Sc.
in
Com
pute
r En
gine
er
ing
from
t
he
Univer
si
t
y
of
Baghda
d
in
2
017
and
2012
re
spec
ti
v
ely
.
She
i
s a
ss
oci
ated
wi
th
var
ious
comm
it
t
ee
li
ke
:
Ir
aqi
Union
of
Eng
ineers, and
Cisco
N
et
working
Ac
ad
em
y
.
Her
r
ese
ar
c
h
intere
sts invo
l
ve:
wir
el
ess
net
work,
sof
twar
e
eng
ineeri
ng,
c
om
pute
r
net
wor
ks,
RF
ID de
ve
lo
pm
ent
,
computer
arc
h
it
e
ct
ur
e
distri
bute
d
comp
uti
ng,
and
IoT
.
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