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CC B
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A
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m
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A
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Sale
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n
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ir
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
w
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,
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en
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w
ab
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p
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to
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ltaic
(
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s
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co
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n
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ted
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th
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d
is
tr
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u
tio
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g
r
id
s
[1
,
2]
.
I
L
C
is
a
n
ef
f
icie
n
t
s
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lu
tio
n
to
co
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n
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t
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d
c
MG
s
to
t
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u
p
s
tr
ea
m
ac
g
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tr
o
d
u
cin
g
f
u
ll
co
n
tr
o
llab
ilit
y
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
e
x
c
h
an
g
e,
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
,
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t,
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
la
tio
n
a
n
d
etc.
R
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
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s
s
u
c
h
as
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d
e
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e
ctif
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s
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d
ad
j
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s
tab
le
-
s
p
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d
ac
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
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in
d
is
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w
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k
s
,
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e
M
G
v
o
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at
th
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p
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in
t
o
f
co
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m
o
n
co
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ca
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e
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is
to
r
ted
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
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lar
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e
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o
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li
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s
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m
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s
w
h
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ar
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ex
p
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v
e
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o
lu
t
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,
s
o
I
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s
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
l
y
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
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ess
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
i
m
p
o
s
ed
b
y
n
o
n
l
in
ea
r
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s
.
T
h
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I
L
C
s
ca
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co
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te
to
v
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lta
g
e
s
tab
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y
i
m
p
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o
v
e
m
e
n
t
[
3
,
4
]
,
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
b
al
an
ce
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
[5
,
6
]
,
f
lick
er
m
iti
g
atio
n
[
7
]
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
[8
-
10]
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
[
1
1
]
in
MG
s
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
As
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
s
is
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
ap
id
l
y
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
I
L
C
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
p
la
y
s
a
n
i
n
ter
esti
n
g
an
d
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le.
Har
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
I
n
t J
E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
:
9
0
9
-
918
910
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
o
r
ce
n
tr
al
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Ma
n
y
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
u
tili
ze
d
I
L
C
to
co
m
p
en
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ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lo
ad
s
in
g
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co
n
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ted
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d
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ed
MG
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co
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p
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v
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ev
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w
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
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e
n
s
at
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
i
n
g
I
L
C
s
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
1
2
,
1
3
]
.
So
m
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
s
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
in
h
y
b
r
id
M
Gs
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
q
u
al
it
y
o
f
th
e
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
n
et
w
o
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k
,
t
w
o
v
ir
tu
a
l
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
-
b
ased
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ar
m
o
n
ics
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
y
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
4
]
w
h
ic
h
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
d
ela
y
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
ese
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies
d
o
n
o
t
r
el
y
o
n
clo
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ed
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lo
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f
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d
b
ac
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tr
o
l
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d
th
er
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o
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e,
th
e
y
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
I
L
C
s
w
i
th
lo
w
s
w
it
ch
in
g
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
en
s
ate
h
ar
m
o
n
ics/
i
n
ter
-
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
a
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
h
i
g
h
-
o
r
d
er
s
lid
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g
an
d
b
ac
k
s
tep
p
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
m
et
h
o
d
r
o
b
u
s
tl
y
r
eg
u
la
tes
th
e
I
L
C
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
s
a
n
d
d
eliv
er
s
p
u
r
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
en
t
s
to
th
e
g
r
id
u
n
d
er
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
an
d
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
d
lo
ad
s
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
q
u
ali
t
y
u
n
d
er
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
,
a
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ee
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
lo
o
p
f
o
r
I
L
C
co
n
tr
o
l
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
[
1
6
]
.
A
u
n
i
fi
ed
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
f
ee
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
e
th
o
d
t
h
at
en
ab
les b
o
t
h
g
r
id
-
tied
a
n
d
i
s
lan
d
ed
o
p
er
atio
n
s
o
f
I
L
C
i
n
DGs,
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
1
7
]
.
W
h
en
I
L
C
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
o
r
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
l
o
ad
s
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
s
ec
o
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
(
S
C
Hs)
ca
lled
o
s
cil
lato
r
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
(
OC
C
)
,
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
o
s
cillato
r
y
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ar
e
in
j
ec
ted
to
th
e
d
c
b
u
s
o
f
MG
o
r
D
G
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lo
ad
s
,
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
an
d
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
OC
C
cr
ea
tes
s
ev
er
al
i
s
s
u
es
esp
ec
ial
l
y
w
h
e
n
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
a
s
P
V,
FC
,
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
ev
ice
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
to
th
e
d
c
g
r
id
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
i
)
Oscill
ato
r
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
lead
to
b
atter
y
lif
e
ti
m
e
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
9
]
;
ii
)
Oscill
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
ts
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
ef
f
i
cien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
v
er
ter
s
;
iii
)
T
h
e
o
s
cillato
r
y
c
u
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
h
a
v
e
n
e
g
at
iv
e
ef
f
ec
t
s
o
n
FC
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
r
ed
u
ce
FC
li
f
esp
an
a
n
d
f
u
el
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
2
0
]
;
iv
)
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lt
ag
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
an
d
in
s
tab
il
it
y
;
v
)
Oscil
lato
r
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
m
a
y
ca
u
s
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
1
]
;
vi
)
T
h
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
r
asti
ca
ll
y
d
eter
io
r
ate
s
y
s
te
m
r
el
iab
ilit
y
,
s
tab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
if
th
e
D
G
u
n
i
ts
ca
n
n
o
t
m
ee
t t
h
e
u
p
p
er
lim
it to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
to
tal
o
s
cilla
to
r
y
c
u
r
r
en
t d
e
m
a
n
d
.
E
n
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
d
e
v
ices
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
ac
t
iv
e
f
il
ter
s
f
o
r
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
e
n
s
at
io
n
i
n
MG
s
[
2
2
,
2
3
]
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
to
r
ag
es
s
u
c
h
as
b
atter
ie
s
ar
e
li
m
ite
d
in
ca
s
es
o
f
li
f
eti
m
e
an
d
p
o
w
er
d
en
s
it
y
[
2
4
]
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
HE
SS
s
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
lo
ad
s
o
n
th
e
d
c
li
n
k
i
n
b
o
th
o
p
er
ati
o
n
m
o
d
es
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
cl
u
d
es
a
r
e
s
o
n
a
n
t
P
R
co
n
tr
o
ller
d
ed
icate
d
to
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
el
i
m
i
n
atio
n
w
h
ic
h
a
s
s
o
cia
ted
w
ith
a
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
O
C
C
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
r
u
le
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
i
s
o
b
tain
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
s
t
u
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
in
b
o
th
m
o
d
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ar
e
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
ep
ar
atel
y
tu
n
ed
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
ap
er
ar
e:
i
)
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
b
y
HE
S
S
th
at
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
g
r
id
p
o
w
er
q
u
alit
y
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
s
ha
r
m
o
n
ics
i
n
j
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
;
ii
)
A
n
e
w
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
H
E
SS
co
n
tr
o
l
in
d
c
s
id
e
o
f
I
L
C
;
iii
)
B
etter
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
an
d
lo
ad
ch
an
g
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
;
iv
)
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
li
f
eti
m
e
es
p
ec
iall
y
th
e
b
atter
ie
s
.
2.
CASE
S
T
UD
Y
SYS
T
E
M
D
E
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
Har
m
o
n
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
I
L
C
ca
u
s
es
s
e
v
er
al
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
a
ted
b
y
HE
SS
s
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ad
v
er
s
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
I
L
C
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
PV
P
pv
P
ba
t
P
sc
DC
_
BU
S
P
ow
e
r
M
an
agi
n
g
S
O
C
M
an
agi
n
g
M
P
P
T
DC
-
DC
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
Zg
G
r
i
d
DC
_
L
oad
DC
-
DC
C
L
L
C
F
i
l
t
e
r
S
u
p
e
r
C
ap
ac
i
t
or
I
n
te
r
l
i
n
k
i
n
g
C
on
ve
r
te
r
=
N
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
r
AC
_
L
o
a
d
AC
_
BU
S
DC
-
DC
P
C
C
I
s
I
g
I
L
Z
L
1
Z
L
2
Z
L
3
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
H
y
b
r
id
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
d
er
s
t
u
d
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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I
SS
N:
2088
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a
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Ha
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s
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911
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h
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id
s
y
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te
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co
n
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ts
o
f
a
P
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e
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er
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
b
atter
y
-
S
C
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SS
,
d
c
lo
ad
,
a
n
I
L
C
t
h
at
tr
an
s
f
er
s
p
o
w
er
f
r
o
m
d
c
b
u
s
t
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ac
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u
s
o
r
v
ice
v
er
s
a,
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ilt
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p
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n
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ter
i
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s
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f
o
r
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V
s
y
s
t
e
m
co
n
n
ec
t
io
n
to
d
c
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u
s
.
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h
e
HE
SS
s
u
p
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lies
b
o
th
tr
an
s
ie
n
t
a
n
d
s
tead
y
-
s
tat
e
p
o
w
er
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
SC
s
u
p
p
ly
f
l
u
ct
u
ati
n
g
/tra
n
s
ien
t
as
w
ell
as
o
s
cillato
r
y
p
o
w
er
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
.
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h
ile
b
atter
y
s
u
p
p
lies
co
n
s
ta
n
t p
o
w
er
ch
a
n
g
es d
u
e
to
its
h
i
g
h
en
er
g
y
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
NT
RO
L
S
T
RAT
E
G
Y
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
o
v
er
all
co
n
tr
o
l
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
I
L
C
in
is
lan
d
ed
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
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ec
ted
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
r
eso
n
an
ce
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P
R
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o
n
tr
o
ller
p
lu
s
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
HC
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ar
e
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
I
L
C
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
.
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h
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
P
R
a
n
d
t
h
e
H
C
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as (
1
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an
d
(
2
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
R
P
22
ks
PR
k
ss
(
1
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Rn
22
n
3
,
5
,
7
,
11
,
.
.
.
.
ks
HC
s
s
(
n
)
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
ω
d
en
o
tes
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
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lar
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
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k
P
i
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
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ef
f
icie
n
t,
k
R
is
t
h
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
co
ef
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icie
n
t,
n
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ar
m
o
n
ic
n
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m
b
er
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d
ζ
is
u
s
ed
to
li
m
it
th
e
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n
tr
o
ller
g
ai
n
at
s
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te
m
n
o
m
i
n
al
f
r
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u
en
c
y
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HC
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
en
s
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te
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e
o
d
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
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I
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te
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n
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cted
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ig
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3
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is
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S
21
SC
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22
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u
r
e
3
.
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ed
s
tr
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r
h
y
b
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ter
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l
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w
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co
n
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ller
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ain
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e
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r
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t
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n
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l
lo
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p
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s
h
o
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in
Fig
u
r
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4
,
w
h
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e
Gb
a
t
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e
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s
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er
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n
o
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atter
y
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n
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ter
ex
p
r
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b
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8
)
,
Gcb
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t
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s
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er
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atter
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r
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^
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I
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N:
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g
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6
(
a)
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g
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6
(
b
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s
h
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atter
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atter
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atter
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ig
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6
(
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s
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Fig
u
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6
(
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.
I
t is cle
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ter
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t
t=
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2
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4
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d
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n
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5
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Fi
g
u
r
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7
(
a)
.
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h
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b
atter
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r
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atter
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atter
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d
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o
w
n
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Fi
g
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r
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7
(
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atter
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Fig
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r
e
8
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as b
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2
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p
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0
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2
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rid
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co
nn
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t
ed
m
o
de
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s
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tio
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,
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g
r
id
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co
n
n
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cted
m
o
d
e
is
i
n
v
est
ig
ated
.
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h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
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w
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n
b
e
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ete
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m
in
ed
b
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th
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p
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l
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te
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ased
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s
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ce
n
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io
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n
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cted
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ig
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s
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Fig
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1
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o
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C
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in
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h
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ted
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Fig
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r
e
1
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b
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au
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g
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r
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1
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t is s
u
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u
r
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9
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ted
m
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s
,
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b
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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p
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n
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I
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N:
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A
B
/
Si
m
u
lin
k
s
o
f
t
war
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
Ba
n
g
u
e
ro
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Re
n
e
w
a
b
le
m
icro
g
rid
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
re
su
lt
s
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
R
ET
S
c
re
e
n
T
M
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
er
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
2
3
-
7
3
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
S
.
Ha
ji
a
g
h
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ne
w
M
e
th
o
d
F
o
r
De
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Hy
b
rid
En
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
in
Iso
lat
e
d
M
icro
g
rid
,
”
En
e
rg
y
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Q.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
tab
il
it
y
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
a
n
d
A
u
to
-
T
u
n
in
g
o
f
In
terlin
k
in
g
Co
n
v
e
rters
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
to
W
e
a
k
G
rid
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
9
4
3
5
-
9
4
4
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
M
.
M
.
H.
A
h
m
a
d
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
En
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
f
o
r
DC
M
icro
g
rid
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
a
n
d
P
u
lse
d
L
o
a
d
C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s,”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
gs
-
2
0
1
8
S
ma
rt Gri
d
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
S
GC 2
0
1
8
)
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
S
.
Ho
se
in
n
ia,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
c
o
n
tro
l
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
in
a
n
islan
d
e
d
m
icr
o
g
rid
,
”
El
e
c
tr
ic
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
7
7
,
p
.
1
0
6
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
y
m
m
e
tri
c
-
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
d
e
c
o
u
p
led
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
i
n
v
e
rters
f
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
u
n
b
a
lan
c
e
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
Po
we
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
s
t
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
1
5
,
p
.
1
0
5
4
9
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
A
.
A
rsh
a
d
a
n
d
M
.
L
e
h
to
n
e
n
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
v
o
lt
a
g
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
y
w
it
h
v
o
lt
a
g
e
f
li
c
k
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
f
o
r
h
ig
h
ly
P
V
p
e
n
e
trate
d
d
istri
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
El
e
c
tr
ic
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
7
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
-
1
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
M
.
Ha
fe
z
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
m
icro
g
rid
w
it
h
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
se
n
siti
v
e
lo
a
d
s,”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
of
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
er
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
s
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
2
6
-
8
3
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
D.
C.
S
il
v
a
Jú
n
io
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Co
n
tro
l
o
f
a
m
u
lt
i
-
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
in
v
e
rter
in
a
n
A
C
m
icro
g
rid
Re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
si
m
u
latio
n
w
it
h
c
o
n
tro
l
h
a
r
d
w
a
re
in
th
e
lo
o
p
,
”
El
e
c
tr
ic
Po
we
r S
y
st
e
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
1
7
2
,
p
p
.
2
0
1
-
2
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
P
.
G
o
leij,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ne
w
H
y
b
rid
iza
ti
o
n
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
f
o
r
Distri
b
u
ted
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
icro
g
rid
s
u
n
d
e
r
Ha
rm
o
n
ic
a
n
d
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
L
o
a
d
s
,
”
in
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
gs
-
2
0
1
8
S
ma
rt Grid
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
S
GC 2
0
1
8
)
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
H.
M
.
A
.
A
n
tu
n
e
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
n
e
w
m
u
lt
if
u
n
c
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
se
ries
c
o
m
p
e
n
sa
to
r
a
p
p
li
e
d
t
o
A
C
m
icro
g
rid
s,”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
tr
ica
l
P
o
we
r
a
n
d
E
n
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
0
2
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
-
1
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
Y.
W
.
L
i
a
n
d
J.
He
,
“
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s:
A
n
Ov
e
rv
ie
w
o
f
DG
-
In
ter
f
a
c
in
g
In
v
e
rters
,
”
IEE
E
In
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
8
-
3
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
A
.
Ord
o
n
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
In
terl
in
k
in
g
c
o
n
v
e
rters
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
to
p
rim
a
r
y
re
g
u
latio
n
:
a
re
v
iew
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
Po
we
r
a
n
d
En
e
rg
y
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
1
1
,
p
p
.
4
4
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
H.
T
ian
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
A
C/D
C
S
y
ste
m
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
Co
n
tro
l
T
h
ro
u
g
h
G
rid
In
terf
a
c
in
g
Co
n
v
e
rters
W
it
h
L
o
w
S
w
it
c
h
in
g
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
5
6
-
2
2
6
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
N.
M
.
De
h
k
o
rd
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Ro
b
u
st
Ba
c
k
st
e
p
p
in
g
Hig
h
-
Ord
e
r
S
li
d
in
g
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
trate
g
y
f
o
r
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
DG
Un
it
s
W
it
h
Ha
r
m
o
n
ic/In
terh
a
r
m
o
n
ic
Cu
rre
n
t
Co
m
p
e
n
sa
ti
o
n
Ca
p
a
b
il
it
y
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
sta
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
6
1
-
5
7
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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0
8
8
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&
C
o
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p
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,
Vo
l.
11
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
:
9
0
9
-
918
918
[1
6
]
Q.
N.
T
rin
h
a
n
d
H.
H.
L
e
e
,
“
A
n
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
G
rid
Cu
rre
n
t
Co
m
p
e
n
s
a
to
r
f
o
r
G
rid
-
Co
n
n
e
c
ted
Distri
b
u
ted
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Un
d
e
r
No
n
li
n
e
a
r
L
o
a
d
s
a
n
d
G
rid
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Disto
rti
o
n
s,”
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
stria
l
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
,
v
o
l
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
5
2
8
-
6
5
3
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
7
]
Z
.
L
iu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Un
if
ied
Co
n
tro
l
S
t
ra
teg
y
f
o
r
T
h
re
e
-
P
h
a
se
In
v
e
rte
r
in
Distrib
u
te
d
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
on
P
o
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
2
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
6
-
1
1
9
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
8
]
M
.
Ha
m
z
e
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
De
sig
n
o
f
a
n
Os
c
il
lato
ry
Cu
rre
n
t
-
S
h
a
ri
n
g
Co
n
tro
l
S
trate
g
y
in
DC
M
icro
g
rid
s,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
6
6
4
7
-
6
6
5
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
T
.
W
e
it
z
e
l,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
e
ra
ti
n
g
a
sto
ra
g
e
-
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
h
y
b
rid
m
icro
g
rid
c
o
n
sid
e
rin
g
b
a
tt
e
ry
a
g
in
g
c
o
sts,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Clea
n
er
Pro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
8
8
,
p
p
.
6
3
8
-
6
5
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
M
.
İn
c
i
a
n
d
Ö.
T
ü
rk
so
y
,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
f
u
e
l
c
e
ll
s
to
g
rid
in
terfa
c
e
:
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s,
tec
h
n
ica
l
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
tren
d
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Clea
n
er
Pro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
3
-
1
3
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
A
.
V
in
a
y
a
g
a
m
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ha
r
m
o
n
ics
a
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
m
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
in
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
i
n
teg
ra
ted
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
Su
sta
i
n
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
,
Gr
id
s Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
p
.
1
0
0
2
6
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
A
.
Am
iru
ll
a
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
a
tl
a
b
/si
m
u
li
n
k
sim
u
latio
n
o
f
u
n
if
ied
p
o
w
e
r
q
u
a
li
ty
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
e
r
-
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
su
p
p
li
e
d
b
y
P
V
-
w
in
d
h
y
b
rid
u
sin
g
f
u
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tro
l
ler,”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
t
er
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
7
9
-
1
4
9
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
K.
Ra
b
y
i
a
n
d
H.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
i,
“
En
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
o
f
DFI
G
b
a
se
d
w
in
d
f
a
r
m
u
sin
g
D
-
S
TAT
COM,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
er
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
7
6
1
-
7
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
S
.
Ha
ji
a
g
h
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
m
icro
g
r
id
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s:
A
re
v
ie
w
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
5
4
3
-
5
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
S
.
Ha
ji
a
g
h
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
in
m
icro
g
rid
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
in
2
0
1
8
9
th
An
n
u
a
l
Po
we
r E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
Dr
ive
s S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
(
PE
DS
T
C)
,
p
p
.
3
9
2
-
3
9
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
S
.
Ha
ji
a
g
h
a
si,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
E
n
e
rg
y
S
to
ra
g
e
F
o
r
M
icro
g
rid
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
Un
d
e
r
u
n
b
a
la
n
c
e
d
lo
a
d
Co
n
d
it
io
n
s,”
Ira
n
E
n
e
rg
y
Asso
c
ia
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
2
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
S
a
l
m
a
n
H
a
jia
g
h
a
si
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
P
h
D
stu
d
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
S
h
a
h
id
Be
h
e
sh
ti
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Teh
ra
n
,
Ira
n
.
His res
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
l
e
c
tro
n
ic an
d
m
icro
g
rid
s.
Ahm
a
d
S
a
l
e
m
n
ia
re
c
e
iv
e
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
P
o
ly
tec
h
n
ic
In
stit
u
t
e
o
f
L
o
rra
in
e
(INP
L
),
F
ra
n
c
e
,
in
1
9
9
6
,
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
He
jo
in
e
d
S
h
a
h
i
d
Be
h
e
sh
t
i
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Teh
ra
n
,
Ira
n
,
i
n
1
9
9
0
,
w
h
e
re
h
e
is cu
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
As
sista
n
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r.
M
o
h
se
n
H
a
m
z
e
h
(S
’0
9
–
M
’
1
3
)
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D
.
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
S
h
a
rif
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Teh
ra
n
,
Ira
n
,
in
2
0
1
2
,
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
in
u
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
teh
r
a
n
.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
re
n
e
w
a
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
ies
a
n
d
m
icro
g
rid
.
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